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Download E-Book (PDF) African Journal of Microbiology Research Volume 10 Number 45 7 December, 2016 ISSN 1996-0808 The African Journal of Microbiology Research (AJMR) is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. provides rapid publication (weekly) of articles in all areas of Microbiology such as: Environmental Microbiology, Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Bacteriology, Phycology, Mycology and Parasitology, Protozoology, Microbial Ecology, Probiotics and Prebiotics, Molecular Microbiology, Biotechnology, Food Microbiology, Industrial Microbiology, Cell Physiology, Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics, Enzymology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Biomedical Sciences, Botany and Plant Sciences, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Endocrinology, Toxicology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles are peer-reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJMR Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editors Dr. Thaddeus Ezeji Prof. Stefan Schmidt Applied and Environmental Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Unit School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology Department of Animal Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal The Ohio State University Pietermaritzburg, USA. South Africa. Dr. Mamadou Gueye Prof. Fukai Bao MIRCEN/Laboratoire commun de microbiologie IRD-ISRA-UCAD Department of Microbiology and Immunology Dakar, Senegal. Kunming Medical University Kunming, China. Dr. Caroline Mary Knox Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Dr. Jianfeng Wu Biotechnology Dept. of Environmental Health Sciences Rhodes University School of Public Health Grahamstown, University of Michigan South Africa. USA. Dr. Hesham Elsayed Mostafa Dr. Ahmet Yilmaz Coban Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research OMU Medical School Institute (GEBRI) Department of Medical Microbiology Mubarak City For Scientific Research Samsun, Alexandria, Egypt. Turkey. Dr. Wael Abbas El-Naggar Microbiology Department Dr. Seyed Davar Siadat Faculty of Pharmacy Pasteur Institute of Iran Pasteur Square, Pasteur Avenue Mansoura University Tehran, Mansoura, Egypt. Iran. Dr. Barakat S.M. Mahmoud Dr. J. Stefan Rokem Food Safety/Microbiology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory Department of Microbiology and Molecular Costal Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Genetics Pascagoula, Jerusalem, Israel. USA. Prof. Long-Liu Lin Prof. Mohamed Mahrous Amer National Chiayi University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chiayi, Department of Poultry Diseases Taiwan. Cairo university Giza, Egypt. Editors Dr. R. Balaji Raja Department of Biotechnology Dr. Kamel Belhamel School of Bioengineering Faculty of Technology SRM University University of Bejaia Chennai, Algeria. India. Dr. Sladjana Jevremovic Dr. Aly E Abo-Amer Institute for Biological Research Division of Microbiology Belgrade, Botany Department Serbia. Faculty of Science Sohag University Dr. Tamer Edirne Egypt. Dept. of Family Medicine Univ. of Pamukkale Turkey. Dr. Mohd Fuat ABD Razak Institute for Medical Research Dr. Haoyu Mao Malaysia. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology College of Medicine Dr. Minglei Wang University of Florida University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Florida, USA. USA. Dr. Yongxu Sun Dr. Davide Pacifico Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Istituto di Virologia Vegetale – CNR Biomacromolecules Italy. Qiqihar Medical University Heilongjiang Prof. N. S. Alzoreky P.R. China. Food Science & Nutrition Department College of Agricultural Sciences & Food Dr. Ramesh Chand Kasana King Faisal University Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Saudi Arabia. Palampur, India. Dr. Chen Ding College of Material Science and Engineering Dr. Pagano Marcela Claudia Hunan University Department of Biology, China. Federal University of Ceará - UFC Brazil. Dr. Sivakumar Swaminathan Department of Agronomy Dr. Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of Biological Science Iowa State University Faculty of Science USA. Ubon Ratchathani University Thailand. Dr. Alfredo J. Anceno School of Environment, Resources and Development (SERD) Dr. Gokul Shankar Sabesan Asian Institute of Technology Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Thailand. AIMST University Kedah, Dr. Iqbal Ahmad Malaysia. Aligarh Muslim University Aligrah, India. Dr. Juliane Elisa Welke Dr. Xiao-Qing Hu UFRGS – Universidade Federal do Rio State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology Grande do Sul Jiangnan University Brazil. China. Dr. Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko Prof. Branislava Kocic Department of Virology University of Nis Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences School of Medicine University of Ibadan Institute for Public Health Ibadan, Nis, Nigeria. Serbia. Dr. Giuliana Noratto Prof. Kamal I. Mohamed Texas A&M University State University of New York USA. Oswego, USA. Dr. Babak Mostafazadeh Shaheed Beheshty University of Medical Sciences Dr. Adriano Cruz Iran. Faculty of Food Engineering-FEA University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Dr. Mehdi Azami Brazil. Parasitology & Mycology Department Baghaeei Lab. Dr. Mike Agenbag Isfahan, Municipal Health Services, Iran. Joe Gqabi, South Africa. Dr. Rafel Socias CITA de Aragón Dr. D. V. L. Sarada Spain. Department of Biotechnology SRM University Dr. Anderson de Souza Sant’Ana Chennai University of São Paulo India. Brazil. Dr. Juliane Elisa Welke UFRGS – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Prof. Huaizhi Wang Brazil. Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery of PLA Southwest Hospital Dr. Paul Shapshak Third Military Medical University USF Health Chongqing Depts. Medicine and Psychiatry & Beh Med. China. Div. Infect. Disease & Internat Med USA. Prof. A. O. Bakhiet College of Veterinary Medicine Dr. Jorge Reinheimer Sudan University of Science and Technology Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Santa Fe) Sudan. Argentina. Dr. Saba F. Hussain Dr. Qin Liu Community, Orthodontics and Peadiatric Dentistry East China University of Science and Technology Department China. Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA Dr. Samuel K Ameyaw Selangor, Civista Medical Center Malaysia. USA. Prof. Zohair I. F. Rahemo Dr. Mazyar Yazdani Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Department of Biology Clinical Center of Serbia University of Oslo Belgrade, Blindern, Serbia. Norway. Dr. Afework Kassu Dr. Babak Khalili Hadad University of Gondar Department of Biological Sciences Ethiopia. Islamic Azad University Roudehen, Dr. How-Yee Lai Iran. Taylor’s University College Malaysia. Dr. Ehsan Sari Department of Plant Pathology Dr. Nidheesh Dadheech Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection MS. University of Baroda, Tehran, Vadodara, Iran. India. Dr. Snjezana Zidovec Lepej Dr. Franco Mutinelli University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Zagreb, Italy. Croatia. Dr. Chanpen Chanchao Dr. Dilshad Ahmad Department of Biology, King Saud University Faculty of Science, Saudi Arabia. Chulalongkorn University Thailand. Dr. Adriano Gomes da Cruz University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Dr. Tsuyoshi Kasama Brazil Division of Rheumatology, Showa University Dr. Hsin-Mei Ku Japan. Agronomy Dept. NCHU Dr. Kuender D. Yang Taichung,Taiwan. Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taiwan. Dr. Fereshteh Naderi Islamic Azad University Dr. Liane Raluca Stan Iran. University Politehnica of Bucharest Department of Organic Chemistry Dr. Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu Romania. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Dr. Mohammad Feizabadi University of Nigeria Tehran University of Medical Sciences Nsukka, Iran. Nigeria. Prof. Ahmed H Mitwalli Dr. William M. Shafer Medical School Emory University School of Medicine King Saud University USA. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Michelle Bull CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences Australia. Prof. Márcio Garcia Ribeiro Dr. Yi Wang School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science- Center for Vector Biology UNESP, Rutgers University Dept. Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, New Brunswick State of Sao Paulo USA. Brazil. Prof. Natasha Potgieter Prof. Sheila Nathan University of Venda National University of Malaysia (UKM) South Africa. Malaysia. Dr. Sonia Arriaga Prof. Ebiamadon Andi Brisibe Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científicay Tecnológica/ University of Calabar, División de Ciencias Ambientales Calabar, Mexico. Nigeria. Dr. Armando Gonzalez-Sanchez Dr. Julie Wang Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa Burnet Institute Mexico. Australia. Dr. Pradeep Parihar Dr. Jean-Marc Chobert Lovely Professional University INRA- BIA, FIPL Punjab, France. India. Dr. Zhilong Yang Dr. William H Roldán Laboratory of Viral Diseases Department of Medical Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine National Institutes of Health Peru. USA. Dr. Kanzaki, L. I. B. Dr. Dele Raheem Laboratory of Bioprospection University of Helsinki University of Brasilia Finland. Brazil. Dr. Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic Prof. Philippe Dorchies School of Medicine, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, University in Nis, France. Serbia. Dr. C. Ganesh Kumar Dr. Xinan Jiao Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Yangzhou University Hyderabad China. India. Dr. Endang Sri Lestari, MD. Dr. Zainab Z. Ismail Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dept. of
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