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Glacial and Postglacial History of the White Cloud Peaks-Boulder Mountains, Idaho, U.S.A

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Glacial and Postglacial History of the White Cloud Peaks-Boulder Mountains, Idaho, U.S.A Document generated on 09/25/2021 2:28 p.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Glacial and Postglacial History of the White Cloud Peaks-Boulder Mountains, Idaho, U.S.A. Évolution glaciaire et postglaciaire dans les White Cloud Peaks-Boulder Mountains, Idaho, É.-U. Glaziale und postglaziale Entwicklung in den White Cloud Peaks-Boulder Mountains James F. P. Cotter, James M. Bloomfield and Edward B. Evenson Volume 40, Number 3, 1986 Article abstract Glacial and glaciofluvial deposits are mapped and differentiated to develop URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032645ar new local, relative-age (RD) stratigraphies for the North Fork of the Big Lost DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/032645ar River, Slate Creek and Pole Creek drainages in the White Cloud Peaks and Boulder Mountains, Idaho. This stratigraphic model expands the areal extent of See table of contents the "Idaho glacial model". Volcanic ash samples collected from the study area are petrographically characterized and correlated, on the basis of mineralogy and glass geochemistry, to reference samples of identified Cascade Range Publisher(s) tephras. Four distinct tephras are recognized including; Mount St. Helens-Set S (13,600-13,300 yr BP), Glacier Peak-Set B (11,250 yr BP), Mount Mazama (6600 Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal yr BP) and Mount St. Helens-Set Ye (4350 yr BP). A core of lake sediments containing two tephra units was obtained from a site called "Pole Creek kettle". ISSN Pollen and sediment analyses indicate three intervals of late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic change. Cool and wet climatic conditions prevailed in the 0705-7199 (print) region shortly before and immediately following the deposition of the Glacier 1492-143X (digital) Peak-Set B ash (11,250 yr BP). Climatic warming occurred from approximately 10,500 to 6600 yr BP after which warm, dry conditions prevailed. Sediment Explore this journal accumulation in the kettle ceased by 4350 yr BP. The presence of Glacier Peak-Set B tephra in the base of the Pole Creek kettle core provides a minimum age of 11,250 yr BP for the retreat of valley glaciers from their Late Cite this article Wisconsinan maximum position. A radiocarbon date of 8450 + 85 yr BP (SI-5181), and the presence of Mount Mazama ash (6600 yr BP) up-core support Cotter, J. F. P., Bloomfield, J. M. & Evenson, E. B. (1986). Glacial and Postglacial the Glacier Peak-Set B identification. History of the White Cloud Peaks-Boulder Mountains, Idaho, U.S.A. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 40(3), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.7202/032645ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1986 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1986, vol. XL, n° 3, p. 229-238, 5 fig., 2 tabl. GLACIAL AND POSTGLACIAL HISTORY OF THE WHITE CLOUD PEAKS-BOULDER MOUNTAINS, IDAHO, U.S.A.* James F. P. COTTER, James M. BLOOMFIELD and Edward B. EVENSON, respectively: Division of Science and Math, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, U.S.A.; Pecten International Company, Houston, Texas 77001, U.S.A.; Department of Geological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Glacial and glaciofluvial de­ RÉSUMÉ Évolution glaciaire et postgla­ ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Glaziale und posits are mapped and differentiated to de­ ciaire dans les White Cloud Peaks-Boulder postglaziale Entwicklung in den White Cloud velop new local, relative-age (RD) strat­ Mountains, Idaho, É.-U. La cartographie et Peaks-Boulder Mountains. Idaho, U.S.A. igraphies for the North Fork of the Big Lost l'identification des dépôts glaciaires et fluvio­ Glaziale und glaziofluviale Ablagerungen River, Slate Creek and Pole Creek drainages glaciaires a permis d'établir la stratigraphie wurden kartographiert und identifiziert, um in the White Cloud Peaks and Boulder Moun­ locale des bassins du North Fork de la Big eine neue, lokale, relative Alters-Stratigraphie tains, Idaho. This stratigraphie model expands Lost River, du Pole Creek et du Slate Creek. der North Fork des Big Lost River, des Slate the areal extent of the "Idaho glacial model". Le modèle stratigraphique établi augmente Creek und des Pole Creek in den White Cloud Volcanic ash samples collected from the study la superficie déjà couverte par le modèle gla­ Peaks und Boulder Mountains, Idaho, zu en- area are petrographically characterized and ciaire de l'Idaho. Les échantillons de cendre twickeln. Proben vulkanischer Asche, die im correlated, on the basis of mineralogy and volcanique prélevés ont été identifiés sur le untersuchten Gebiet gesammelt wurden, glass geochemistry, to reference samples of plan pétrographique et mis en corrélation avec werden petrographisch bestimmt und auf der identified Cascade Range tephras. Four dis­ des tephras témoins provenant du Cascade Basis von mineralogischer Zusammensetzung tinct tephras are recognized including; Mount Range, en se fondant sur la composition mi­ und Geochemie des Glases in Wechselbe- St. Helens-Set S (13,600-13,300 yr BP), Gla­ nérale et sur la géochimie du verre. On dis­ ziehung zu Referenz-Belegen von identifi- cier Peak-Set B (11,250 yr BP), Mount Ma­ tingue quatre types de tephras: ceux de la zierten Tephras von den Cascade Ranges zama (6600 yr BP) and Mount St. Helens- série S du mont St. Helen's (13 600-13 300 gesetzt. Es werden vier verschiedene Tephras Set Ye (4350 yr BP). A core of lake sediments BP), ceux de la série B du Glacier Peak identifiziert: von der Série S des Mount St. containing two tephra units was obtained from (11 250 BP), ceux de la série Ye du mont St. Helens (13 600-13 300 v.u.Z.), von der Série B a site called "Pole Creek kettle". Pollen and Helen's (4350 BP) et ceux du mont Mazama des Glacier Peak (11 250 v.u.Z.), von der sediment analyses indicate three intervals of (6600 BP). Une carotte de sédiments lacustres Série Ye des Mount Mazama (6600 v.u.Z.) late Pleistocene and Holocene climatic prélevée dans le kettle Pole Creek renferme und des Mount St. Helens (4350 v.u.z.). Eine change. Cool and wet climatic conditions deux tephras. L'analyse du pollen et des sé­ Probe von See-Sedimenten, der vom Pole prevailed in the region shortly before and im­ diments révèle l'existence de trois grands Creek Kettle gewonnen wurde, enthâlt zwei mediately following the deposition of the Gla­ changements climatiques au Pleistocene su­ Tephra-Einheiten. Die Pollen- und Sediment- cier Peak-Set B ash (11,250 yr BP). Climatic périeur et à l'Holocène: un climat frais et hu­ Analysen lassen drei Intervalle klimatischen warming occurred from approximately 10,500 mide un peu avant et immédiatement après Wechsels im spâten Pleistozân und im Ho- to 6600 yr BP after which warm, dry conditions la mise en place des cendres de la série B lozan erkennen. Kalte und feuchte Klimatische prevailed. Sediment accumulation in the kettle du Glacier Peak (11 250 BP); une période Bedingungen herrschten in diesem Gebiet vor, ceased by 4350 yr BP. The presence of Gla­ de réchauffement (10 500-6600 BP); un climat kurz vor und unmittelbar nach der Ablagerung cier Peak-Set B tephra in the base of the chaud et sec. L'accumulation de sédiments der Asche der Série B des Glacier Peak Pole Creek kettle core provides a minimum dans le kettle prit fin vers 4350 BP. La pré­ (11 250 v.u.Z.). Eine klimatische Erwàrmung age of 11,250 yr BP for the retreat of valley sence du tephra de la série B du Glacier trat zwischen ungefàhr 10 500 bis 6600 v.u.Z. glaciers from their Late Wisconsinan maxi­ Peak à la base de la carotte donne la date auf, nach welcher warme, trockene Bedin­ mum position. A radiocarbon date of 8450 minimale du retrait des glaciers de vallée gungen vorherrschten. Die Sediment-An- + 85 yr BP (SI-5181), and the presence of (11 250 BP) à partir de leur emplacement au hàufung in dem Kettel endete ungefàhr um Mount Mazama ash (6600 yr BP) up-core Wisconsinien supérieur. La date de 4350 v.u.Z. Das Vorkommen von Tephra der support the Glacier Peak-Set B identification. 8450 + 85 ans BP et la présence, dans la Série B des Glacier Peak in der Basis der partie supérieure de la carotte, de cendres Probe des Pole Creek Kettle ergibt ein Mini­ provenant du mont Mazama (6600 BP) con­ mum-Alter von 11 250 v.u.Z. fur den Ruckzug firment l'identification de la série B du Glacier der Gletscher des TaIs von ihrer maximalen Peak. Position im spâten Wisconsin. Ein Radiokar- bon-Datum von 8450 + 85 v.u.Z. (SI-5181) und das Vorkommen von Asche des Mount Mazama (6600 v.u.Z.) im oberen Teil der Probe stutzen die Identifizierung der Série B des Glacier Peak. * Contribution du premier symposium de Ia CANQUA, sous Ia direction de René W. Barendregt. 230 J.F.P. COTTER, J.M. BLOOMFIELD and E.B. EVENSON INTRODUCTION STRATIGRAPHIC APPROACH Glacial deposits are mapped and differentiated on the basis Due to the paucity of absolute age dates throughout the of multiple relative age dating (RD) techniques, including; soil Rocky Mountains, relative dating (RD) techniques have been properties, moraine morphology, weathering of boulders, spatial widely used to establish local stratigraphies.
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