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Mining History: The Bulletin of the Mines Historical Society. Volume 18, No. 3, Summer 2012

A HISTORY AND GAZETTEER OF THE LEAD MINES WITHIN HARTINGTON LIBERTY, : 1191 - 1890

Chris Heathcote

Abstract: The limestone area between in the north and Hartington in the south contains many lead mines located on many separate veins. This paper notes these and provides, where known, any historical details, ownership, ore output and probable locations.

Introduction (centred SK 070 690) and on Hill Head (centred SK 070 700). The surviving Barmasters’ Books of Entries for Hartington and The area is crossed by numerous faults trending generally from the Granges Liberty are located in Derbyshire Record Office southeast to northwest, a few of which have been mineralised. (DRO) at Matlock (1 book) and in the Devonshire Collection The Lower Millers Dale Lava is present on the eastern slopes at (Chats. Dev. Coll.) (2 books). The Book of Grin Hill around Fern House Farm (centred SK 056 717). of Entries located in DRO covers the years 1774-1809 (DRO The limestones dip steeply beneath the shale cover in the west, D504 B/L30) and the books held at Chatsworth House cover the dip varying from 25 degrees at Burbage (centred SK 043 the years 1832-1843 (C Series 158) and 1848-1937 (C Series 725) to 45 degrees near Thirklow (centred SK 050 690). Further 192). Various documents from the Barmasters’ Collection also south the visually impressive Chrome and Parkhouse Hills are held at Chatsworth House (Chats. Bar. Coll.) have also been remnants of apron reef structures with the Bee Low Limestones consulted along with aerial photographs, the geological maps continuing southward. For a more detailed geological assessment and historical maps of the area. of the area see Aitkenhead, Chisholm and Stevenson (1985). The ownership, dates, meers freed and location of the mines is The Mines and Veins given in Appendix 1. The ore output from each of the mines is The workings on the western side of Grin Hill, Burbage and detailed in Appendix 2. Ladmanlow. This area has, by far, the greatest concentration of individual Also discussed is the occurrence of lead ore discovered and mineral veins in the whole of the area under discussion. The mined during the exploitation of coal seams and also from mines/veins have previously been discussed by Rieuwerts within the natural cave system of Pooles Cavern. Brief historical (2007,www.pdmhs.com 2008) and it should be stated at this point that further notes concerning the prominent landmark known as Solomon’s discussions have slightly altered various aspects of the original Temple ( Tower) are also given. 2007 publication by using further map and documentary evidence concerning the locations of Saw Grove and the c1726 A large part of this paper builds on the extensive research turnpike road. This ‘new’ evidence is presented here and will be undertaken by Jim Rieuwerts in compiling an unpublished noted where necessary. report for the Peak Park Joint Planning Board concerningfrom the whole of Hartington Liberty (Rieuwerts, 2008) and also on his It should also be stated that in the mid to late 19th century many recent publication, the final section of which discussed the lead veins were freed by several groups of miners, mainly around mines/veins and soughs in the Burbage and areas Ladmanlow and Grin End (alongside the present Leek to (Rieuwerts, 2007). I am greatly indebted to him for allowing his Buxton road), and that these veins were seldom given individual material to be used throughout this paper. names and it is highly unlikely that they were ever worked on a commercial scale. It is most probable that they were freed It should be noted at this point that even though the Barmaster to prevent other miners from claiming them. For clarity and has made many entries concerning the mines and veins within continuity they will be mentioned briefly at the end of this the area under discussion, these are often lacking in specific section. details, are sometimes contradictory and often confusing. In the appropriate sections of this paper the layout of the veins will The earliest record yet found dates from 1662 when Anthony be described as accurately and as clearly as possible given the Clayton held a 1/6th share in Rushy Gutter and the following available documentary and map evidence. year he held a 1/12th share in the Saw Groves (Rieuwerts, 2007, 2008). The location of Rushy Gutter is problematic and will be It is known that a considerable amount of barytes (caulk, paint discussed in greater detail later in this section. The location of stones) was mined from the western side of Grin Hill and Saw Grove, certainly by 1775 at least, is shown on a map dating around LadmanlowDownloaded and Stanley Moor during the mid to late 19th from this time, as being at SK 0405 7242 to the south of the century, initially by individual miners, and later by the Buxton cottage known as Grove House and to the east of the end of the Lime Firms Company Limited. This aspect has been discussed present Anncroft Road. Rieuwerts misplaced Saw Grove to the in greater detail in an earlier paper (Heathcote, 2010). north of Grove House. It will be seen that the correct positioning of Saw Grove in fact places the adjoining veins (Chance Veins For clarity and continuity the veins will be noted in an east and Saw Rake) slightly further west than shown by Rieuwerts to west and north to south format, wherever possible. Grid (2007). references will be given for all features/mines/veins of note. Although the ore measurements reveal that several mines in Geology - A brief overview this area were in spasmodic production from the 1730s onwards The larger part of the bed rock beneath the area under discussion (Rieuwerts, 2007, 2008) it is not until 1752 when Chance Vein comprises the Bee Low Limestones with isolated outliers was freed for ‘new’ By the Lords Mear sold at Chance Myne in of Limestones to the north of Greensides Farm Hartington Liberty to Mr. Hodgson and Co. £10/0/0 (Rieuwerts,

23 2007, 2008). A single document (Chats. Dev. Coll.) written Road at Burbage (SK 044 728). This portion of during 1752 details the partners at the mine and what shares the road was covered with massive lime ash waste tips during they held (see Appendix 6). Two years later, following good later working of the Grin limestone quarry. Zachary Mine could output at the mine, a sough, variously known as Chance or Gate be located within this much tipped over area. Two months later Sough, was started to relieve the workings from water when the mine is recorded again when The Proprietors of Zachary Francis Clark, miner, was paid 3/- …to View and Value the Lords Mine gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in a New Vein Mear in a Vein that Mr. Hodgson and Partners are driving in discovered in a Stone Pitt Hole (24/08/1774: DRO D504 B/L 30). for a sough to relieve Chance in Hartington Liberty (Rieuwerts, Five years later the mine is mentioned again when the Barmaster 2007, 2008). Chance or Gate Sough will be discussed in greater gave to Jasper Brock …Five Meers of Ground as Takers ranging detail later in this section. Northwardly from Zachary Possessions (06/09/1779: DRO D504 B/L 30). Eight years later the Hartington Barmaster Gave Chance Vein and the closely parallel Saw Rake feature in many to Mrs. Brock Five Meers on the Zachary Vein as Takers at her later instances by the Hartington Barmaster. In 1779 the Barmaster own Stowes for this Vein (05/05/1787: DRO D504 B/L 30). No gave to Jasper Brock …Four Meers of Ground as Takers more entries concerning this mine have been found. Eastwardly from Chance Possessions (06/09/1779: DRO D504 B/L 30). The exact location of these meers remains unknown. Another vein that features often and is connected to the above, Two years later more detail is given concerning Chance Vein Chance Veins and Saw Rake, is Rushy Gutter Vein. This old when the Barmaster gave to Henry Millward of Buxton …two vein is first noted by the Barmaster in mid-1788 when he gave or more veins called Chance Veins with Thirty Five Meers of to Job Elliott Two Veins upon Grin Common with Sixteen Meers Ground on each ranging Northwestwardly up Buxton Common on each ranging East from the Rushy Gutter on the West Side and Thirty Five Meers ranging Southeastwardly to the South of Grin Common and Two Meers ranging West from the same Side of Grin Common (09/09/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30). It is Gutter (07/07/1788: DRO D504 B/L 30). The terminology used clear from this entry that Chance Vein was in fact comprised of suggests that the Rushy Gutter is a natural feature, possibly a several closely spaced parallel veins. By using the information shallow drainage valley. Further map evidence coupled with given in this entry, along with others concerning associated the documentary evidence places this vein, and other parallel veins and Chance or Gate Sough, it is possible to locate Chance veins, further to the south than shown by Rieuwerts (2007). The Vein/s with a certain amount of accuracy. The northwestern end Ordnance Survey map dating from 1898 (Derbyshire Sheet XXI of the vein terminated adjacent to Plex Farm at SK 037 733 - 4. Digital Archives. Warrington.) shows a shallow valley at SK on Buxton Common and the southeastern end terminated to the 0405 7185 to the immediate east of the old Ladmanlow Station south of the Grin Low Road at SK 046 716 on the south side on the disused and High Peak Railway. This valley of Grin Common. Grin Common is thought to be the area of still exists but has been partly filled by later tipped material, but recently restored land (centred SK 045 720) to the north of Grin this could have been known as the Rushy Gutter in the latter part Row Cottages. Documentary evidence indicates that Chance of the 18th century. At the start of the 19th century the Barmaster Vein/s lay closely parallel to Saw Rake, which features more notes that he gave to Henry Millward of Buxton …a vein called prominently within the Barmaster entries, and links with many Rushy Gutter Pipe with Twelve Meers of Ground ranging of the other veins that will be noted later. Southwestwardly from the Turnpike Road (09/09/1801: DRO D504: B/L 30). The turnpike road is the original c1726 road as Saw Rake is first recorded in the Barmaster entries in 1779, noted above. It will be seen that Saw Rake crosses this road at when he gave to Jasper Brock …an old vein called Saw Rake SK 042 719 and therefore it is thought to be correct, by using the with Twenty Seven Meers of Ground ranging Southeastwardly… availablewww.pdmhs.com documentation, that the parallel Rushy Gutter, Quaker (06/09/1779: DRO D504 B/L 30). Two years later more ground and Bolepitt Veins, trend to the southwest from this point to was freed on the vein when Henry Millward was given …an terminate at the foot of the eastern slope of Ladmanlow or The old vein called Saw Rake with Thirty Five Meers of Ground Terret. A slightly later entry notes the close proximity between ranging Northwestwardly and Thirty Five Meers ranging these veins … on the Rushy Gutter and Quakers or Bolepitt Pipe Southeastwardly from the (Chance or Gate) Sough Level being on Five or Six different veins…. (24/09/1801: DRO D504 (09/09/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30). If these meers are frommeasured B/L 30). out from the known point where Chance or Gate Sough intersects both Chance Vein and the closely parallel Saw Rake, The point where Saw Rake crosses the old turnpike road and the northwestwardly end of Saw Rake terminates at SK 038 732 Rushy Gutter, Quaker and Bolepitt Veins trend to the southwest, in the fields to the south of Plex Farm and the southeastwardly is also the point where another named vein breaks from Saw end terminates at SK 046 716 on Stanley Moor. A slightly later Rake. In September 1801 the Barmaster gave to Henry Millward entry appears to signify the close proximity of Chance Vein and …a Vein called Ladmorelow Pipe with Ten Meers of Ground Saw Rake to one another …Takers Northwestwardly from the thereon ranging Southwardly from the said (c1726 turnpike) end of Saw Rake and Chance Veins Stowes…(24/09/1801: DRO Road (09/09/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30). This vein terminates in D504 B/L 30). No more freeings are found for Saw Rake after the vicinity of the cottages at Ladmanlow known as Grin Row this date, but it is likely that during the mid 1800s, this vein (SK 0425 7175). along with Chance Veins, was freed again by later miners, the evidence for which is discussed below. Another vein that is noted in conjunction with Saw Rake is first recorded in 1779 by the Barmaster when he gave to Jasper Lying adjacent to the above veins was a mine known as Old Brock …a Vein called Ladmorelow Foot with Eight Meers of Zachary, Zachary or Zachary Pearsons Grove (Rieuwerts, Ground ranging West from the Saw Rake (06/09/1779: DRO 2008). The exactDownloaded location of this mine remains unknown. The D504 B/L 30). The vein is not noted again until 1801 when the ore accounts record that sporadically from 1734 until 1783 about Barmaster gave to Henry Millward …Ladmorelow Foot with Six 314 loads of ore were measured at the mine (Rieuwerts, 2008a). Meers as Takers Southwestwardly…(24/09/1801: DRO D504 B/ In 1774 the Barmaster records that The Proprietors of Zachary L 30). Just over one month later the Barmaster notes the vein Mine gave one dish of ore to free an old Founder Meer in a again but on this occasion is quite specific in the details given, Cross Vein being East and West after the Turnpike Road Side when he Gave to Henry Millward Fifty Two Meers of Ground (09/06/1774: DRO D504 B/L 30). The turnpike road is highly Possessed with Two Ranks of Stowes as Takers from the end of likely to be a reference to the original c1726 Buxton to Leek their Stowes on Ladmorelow Veins as far as the Thatch Marsh road that lay further to the east than the present dating Wheel Engine Coalpit Shaft (29/10/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30). from c1823. A portion of the original road still survives as a If Henry Millward’s 58 meers are measured from the definitely grassy lane leading, northwardly, from the road at Ladmanlow known location of Saw Grove (SK 0405 7242) on Saw Rake, (SK 042 719) to join Stables Lane behind Rock Bay garage (SK in a southwest direction, they terminate at a coal pit shaft at SK 043 721). This road originally continued to the north from this 0282 7151 on the eastern slope of Burbage Moor. point to rejoin the present road near to the junction with the Old

24 Recent analysis of the documentary evidence for this area has interestingly this is also the point where another named vein revealed that another, relatively well-documented, vein runs crosses this same vein. This is known to be the Grin Hill Vein. closely parallel to both Saw Rake and Chance Veins, this being Grin End Vein. The vein is first recorded by the Barmaster in Grin Hill Vein is recorded on several occasions by the Hartington 1836 when Benjamin Bonsall sold to William Nall his ½ share Barmaster, the first occurring in 1835 when he Put Daniel of Grin End… for the sum of £6 (05/04/1836: Chats. Dev. Coll. Spencer and Benjamin Bonsall into Possession of Two Meers C Series 158). This date corresponds with the first date on in a vein situate upon Grin Hill….in the South corner of a field which ore was measured at the mine. Later in the following year called Grin End in the occupation of Solomon Mycock upon Benjamin Bonsall sold to Phillip Heacock 4/24th parts of Grin the range of the vein. Ten Meers Northwardly and Ten Meers End … for the sum of 5/- and also William Nall sold to the same Southwardly from the fence (07/01/1835: Chats. Dev. Coll. C man 4/24th parts of Grin End … for the sum of 5/- (09/10/1837: Series 158). Although this entry does not actually name the Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). Three years later Benjamin vein a slightly later one corrects this Put Daniel Spencer and Bonsall of Fairfield sold to William Boam of Buxton 4/24th parts Benjamin Buckley into Possession of Ten Meers in an Old Vein of Grin End Mine for the sum of £40 (29/05/1840: Chats. Dev. beginning at the end of Daniel Spencer and Benjamin Bonsall’s Coll. C Series 158). Title upon the range of Grin Hill Vein. All ranging Southwardly from the said Title (09/05/1835: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). It is known that the parcel of land known as Grin End was Therefore the vein ran from north to south for a total ‘freed’ located on the western flank of Grin Hill because the Grin End distance of 30 meers (870 yards). Toll Bar on the c1826 Buxton - Leek road was sited where Rock Bay Garage is today (SK 0415 7225). It is fair to presume The following incident, concerning abandoned and sealed that Grin End field was on the hillside adjacent to the garage, mineshafts, occurred in the immediate area when Dr. Hanna of but nothing remains of the mining owing to the hillside being Buxton discovered this in 1916 when a sealed ‘caulk’ mine shaft covered with waste lime ash from the nearby Grin End Lime along Stables Road (Lane), Ladmanlow, collapsed underneath Kilns which were formerly sited at SK 0445 7219. The first clue his horse. Dr. Hanna escaped unharmed but the horse had to be to the location of the vein is given by the Barmaster in 1840 destroyed (Roberts and Leach, 1985). An earlier incident which when he Viewed Three Meers in an Old Vein beginning at the must have occurred in the same general area dates from c1843 West Side of Grin End Vein near the Turnpike Road from Briary when a ‘caulk’ mine collapsed entombing John Bagshawe and Bar to Ladmanlow, all ranging Westwardly (20/06/1840: Chats. Benjamin Bonsall from 11.00 hrs Monday to 08.00 hrs Saturday Dev. Coll. C Series 158). Therefore this vein which is believed (Roberts and Leach, 1985). The exact location of this mine, to run parallel to both Saw Rake and Chance Veins would have where these two miners were trapped underground for 5 days, crossed the road (modern Grin Low road) somewhere near the remains unknown. present entrance to this part of Grin Low Country Park (SK 0435 7185). Again this area has been restored and the waste In the 1850s several veins were freed to the north of Grin Row tips have been landscaped. A slightly later entry notes that this Cottages at Ladmanlow (centred SK 042 719). The Barmaster vein, like Saw Rake and Chance Veins, crossed another road on was quite specific in the details that he gave regarding these veins its postulated northwestern range, when the Barmaster records and they allow the writer to place the veins with confidence. that he Put William Nall into Possession of Three Meers in an The first entry dates from mid 1853 when William and Samuel Old Vein beginning at the West Side of Grin End Vein where the Srigley gave one dish of ore to free Two Founder Meers in a New vein crosses the Old Macclesfield Road, all ranging Westwardly Vein discovered by getting stone near to the Highway leading (by the side of the road) from the Grin End Vein (04/01/1842: fromwww.pdmhs.com Ladmanlow to Buxton….staked out Two Founder Meers, Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). This vein would have crossed one ranging Northeast and the other ranging Southwest from a the Old Macclesfield road at approximately SK 040 726. The hole sunk on the East Side of and close to the (said) Highway. vein is not recorded again until 12 years later when William Staked out the Lord’s Meer. One ½ Meer at the Northeast of the Boam of Buxton (Bath Keeper) sold to John Srigley of Whaley Founder Meer and the other ½ Meer at the Southwest end of the Bridge (Book Keeper) all of the Grin End Mine for the sum of Founder Meer. Gave Three Meers Northeast….and One Meer at £80 (19/04/1854: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). fromthe Southwest…..to the North corner of the Ladmanlow Station House (09/07/1853: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Therefore The following recorded by Adam (1851) seems at first glance to the vein lies to the NE of the station house (SK 0409 7179) at be erroneous on several counts, but with our current knowledge Ladmanlow and ranges for a distance of 7 meers (224 yards). of the area and the presumed layout of the veins and mines, Interestingly at the NE end of the ‘freed’ vein it appears to it is possible to acquire a ‘better fit’ scenario. Adam writes … terminate at a shaft hollow/hillock that contains gangue material Counters Cliff ; passing through the farmyard and turning to (SK 0419 7188). This shaft features in a later entry of 1854. The the right, under some low crags, we found the place where the stone quarry mentioned is still to be seen at SK 0413 7182. Buxton Diamonds exist in abundance, in a hollow, or ravine, formed between Grin Low and Ladmans Low. On descending the Two months later these men again …gave one dish of ore to free hill and examining this spot, we observed that it was traversed Two Founder Meers in a New Vein discovered by them about by the vein of the Grin End Mine, the principal shaft of which Fifteen yards North from a vein freed by them of July 9th last…. is about a mile to the north eastwards…. Counters Cliff is the staked out Two Founder Meers….One East and the other West original name for Countess Cliff Farm (SK 0545 7095) and the from a hole in a field on the East Side of the Highway leading footpath does pass the farmyard and turns to the right alongside from Ladmanlow to Buxton. Staked out the Lord’s Meer. One ½ a short series of small limestone crags, as described by Adam. Meer at the East End of the East Founder Meer and the other From here theDownloaded path descends to the immediate north of Diamond ½ Meer at the West End of the West Founder Meer. Gave Four Hill and enters a shallow wide valley at SK 048 712. If this is Meers East…and Seventeen Meers West….(17/09/1853: Chats. the spot noted by Adam then it is located between Grin Hill and Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The west end of this vein would have Anthony Hill, not Grin Low and Ladmans Low. Nevertheless terminated at SK 0365 7185 to the immediate north of the Terret the postulated range of Grin End Vein would have traversed this Plantation and the east end would terminate at SK 0429 7182 to valley at about SK 047 712. Adam states that the principal shaft the immediate north of Grin Row Cottages. The western range of the mine is about one mile NE of this point, but maybe he of this vein would have intersected the Rushy Gutter, Quaker gave the wrong direction, because about one mile to the NW and Bolepitt Veins to the west of the shallow overgrown valley from here is where the Grin End Vein passed to the immediate thought to be, formerly, known as the Rushy Gutter. A later entry east of the Grin End Toll Bar (SK 0421 7219). Was the main of April 1854, again by these two men, mirrors the above entry shaft of Grin End Mine located here? but at this time 26 meers were freed to the east of the founder meer, taking the east end of this vein to SK 0504 7181 on Grin Slightly to the south of the Grin End Toll Bar, the Grin End Hill. An entry given two years later gives a name to the vein Vein crosses the rough lane now known as Stables Lane and when William and Samuel Srigley gave one dish of ore to free

25 the 1st Taker Meer at the East End of the Lords Half Meer and Vein terminates at two shafts that are shown on the 6 inches ranging in that direction in a New Vein freed by them on April to 1 mile geological map adjacent to Anncroft Road (SK 0411 19th 1854 and they called it Solomon’s Temple (17/05/1856: 7251) (Rieuwerts, 2007). Documentary evidence, dating from Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). 1801, suggests that these shafts could have been sunk into the intersection of Doghole Vein (with Gate/Chance Sough therein) Another vein that was freed in 1854 ranges each way from the into both Chance Vein and the closely parallel Saw Rake, when above mentioned shaft noted on July 9th 1853. The Barmaster the Barmaster gave to Henry Millward …a vein called the Saw notes that Samuel and William Srigley gave one dish of ore Rake…..ranging Northwestwardly….ranging Southeastwardly to free Two Founder Meers in a New Vein discovered by them from the Sough Level (09/09/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30). Later in a field adjoining the road leading from Ladmanlow to the entries, of the 1830s and 1840s, appear to suggest that the sough Grin (alias ) Lime Kilns…staked out Two may have been driven along the parallel vein system of Saw Founder Meers…One Southeast and the other Northwest from Rake, Chance Vein and Grin End Vein. a Shaft sunk near the wall on the West Side of the above named road….Staked out the Lord’s ½ Meer at each end of the Two In 1836 the Barmaster …put Benjamin Bonsall and William Founder Meers….Fifteen Meers Southeast….Fifteen Meers Nall into Possession of Twenty-one Meers in an Old Vein in Northwest…(19/04/1854: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The Hartington Upper Quarter called Sough Gate Vein beginning at NW end of this vein would have terminated at SK 0391 7233 on an Old Hillock at the Northwest fence in ground belonging to Mr. the southern bank of the infant River Wye and its SE end would Joul called the Saw Knowl. All ranging Northwestwardly from have terminated on Stanley Moor at SK 0451 7144. the said Hillock (14/05/1836: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). The location of the parcel of land known as Saw Knowl recorded In 1862 yet another vein was freed immediately adjacent to here, and on many other occasions, is not known with absolute the cottages at Grin Row when William Hawley (for Messrs. certainty, but it is fair to assume that Saw Grove must have been Ellam, Jones and Co.) gave one dish of ore to free Two Founder close by or within the same area of land. Therefore was Saw Meers in a New Vein discovered by them near the Highway Knowl at or adjacent to where Grove House now stands? If so, leading from Brierlow Toll Bar, on the Buxton to Ashbourne is the Old Hillock actually a reference to a surface feature at the Turnpike Road, to Macclesfield, at Ladmanlow, and ranging nearby Saw Grove? From the terminology used it is clear that North and South and they called it the New Row Vein….Staked the Sough Gate (=Chance/Gate Sough) had been driven along out Two Founders, one North and one South from a Shaft sunk a vein, to the northwest, from this area at a previous date. Over on the South Side of the Macclesfield Highway and near to the one year later another miner freed more ground on the same East End of the New Row of Houses built by the Buxton Lime vein but in the opposite direction, as noted by the Barmaster Company at Ladmanlow….Staked out the Lords Meer ½ at each who …put Daniel Spencer into Possession of Fifteen Meers end of the Two Founder Meers. Gave to William Hawley Ten in an Old Vein called Gate Sough beginning at the Southeast Meers of Ground…..Five Meers North….and Five Meers South end of Benjamin Bonsall and William Nall’s Title and ranging (10/2/1862: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The north end of Southeastwardly from the said Title (09/10/1837: Chats. Dev. this vein would have terminated in the field (centred SK 043 Coll. C Series 158). Nearly five years later Daniel Spencer’s 719) already noted and the southern end would have terminated title was claimed by William Nall who had Fifteen Meers in an on Stanley Moor. Almost five tons of ore was mined from this Old Vein called Gate Sough beginning at the Southeast end of vein during 1862 with nothing after this time. Benjamin Bonsall and William Nall’s Title, ranging Southeast (31/03/1842: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). After this date no Chance or Gate Sough morewww.pdmhs.com ground was freed concerning this sough level. As already stated, when discussing the above Chance Mine, the sough was started sometime after February 1754 (Rieuwerts, The tail of the sough is today marked by a large man-made 2007, 2008). Later in 1780 the Barmaster records that Mr. Brock ornamental garden pond lying adjacent to the eastern bank of gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder called Gatesough. the River Wye immediately north of Bishops Lane at SK 0433 Also gave one dish of ore to free a First Taker Meer from the 7311 (Rieuwerts, 2007, 2008). The Ordnance Survey 25 inches Gatesough Founder ranging Southwardly (24/09/1780:from DRO to 1 mile map dating from 1898 (Derbyshire Sheet XIV - 16), D504 B/L 30). Nearly 20 years later the following three people shows a short channel leading from the sough tail into the River had shares in the title, when it was Entered for John Davis of Wye. Lying adjacent to the tail channel is a tip of waste material Winster 4/24ths of Gatesough Title near Buxton. Also for William deposited during driving of the sough. Beckett of Windsor 1/24th of the Title. Also for Andrew Gardiner 1/24th of the Title (22/06/1799: DRO D504 B/L 30). Later in In May 1836 a vein is noted as being freed to the east of Gate the same year a more comprehensive list of shareholders was Sough. The exact location of this vein remains uncertain but its written by the Barmaster (see Appendix 4). In 1800 shares in name may indicate its true location. The Barmaster noted that he the title changed hands when George Staley of Elton sold to Put Benjamin Bonsall and William Nall into Possession of Nine Samuel Marsden of Calton near Chatsworth 1/24th part or share Meers in an Old Vein called Lodge Gate Vein breaking out of the of the Gatesough near Buxton (22/11/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30). East Side of Sough Gate Vein and ranging East by South from No monetary amount was given during this, or the previous, the Gate Sough Vein (14/05/1836: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series transactions. Almost one year later the Barmaster gave to Henry 158). On this same date these two miners also freed Sough Gate Millward …an Old Founder on the Gate Sough near Buxton Vein in a northwestwardly direction for 21 meers (see above). with Ten Meers of Ground ranging Southwestwardly and Ten The postulated range and length of Sough Gate Vein terminates Meers to the Sough Tail ranging Northeastwardly from the at SK 0390 7287 to the immediate east of Shay Lodge and it is Founder ShaftDownloaded (09/09/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30). possible that Lodge Gate Vein is located in this general area and is named after the nearby farm. Rieuwerts (2007, 2008) established that the sough tail is located at SK 0433 7311. From this point the sough trending The parcel of land known as Saw Knowl, mentioned above, was to the south, runs alongside the infant River Wye, to a shaft at the location of a named mine. The Barmaster notes in 1835 that SK 0421 7281 that probably marks its junction with Doghole Daniel Spencer gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer Vein. By using the information given by the Barmaster it seems in an Old Vein called Spencers Venture in a field called Saw highly probable, although not stated, that the sough was driven Knowl, ranging North and South (30/10/1835: Chats. Dev. Coll. along this vein from the shaft …an old vein called Doghole Vein C Series 158). Only a very small amount of ore was measured at with Seventeen Meers of Ground ranging Southwardly from this mine indicating that it was generally poor. a place called Gate lying to the Saw Rake (06/09/1779: DRO D504 B/L 30). The Gate is a reference to Gate Farm (SK 0422 The workings on the summit of Grin Hill 7272) which lies to the southeast of the shaft. The length given, In close proximity to Grin Low Tower (locally known as 17 meers (493 yards) shows that the southern end of Doghole Solomon’s Temple) and lying to the northwest of this prominent

26 landmark are the surface remains on a very insignificant lead Whether this was a new or old vein, at this time, remains vein which ranges from east to west (centred SK 054 718). unknown. At SK 0425 7163 are a series of low hillocks and Nothing definite is known concerning this vein or its history. shallow hollows on a vein that ranges north-south. This could be the location of this vein. At SK 051 717 further to the west, from the last location, is a solitary narrow shaft that is filled in to within a few feet of the At SK 043 714 there are again low hillocks and shallow hollows surface. This shaft could be located on the western limit of the on a vein ranging east-west. The name of this vein and its above vein although this remains unclear. history is also unknown. The eastern end of the vein appears to terminate at the natural pothole known to cavers as Plunge Grin Low Tower (a brief history) Hole at SK 0438 7139 (Beck and Gill, 1991). It is possible that The present Grin Low Tower known locally as Solomon’s the vein was discovered by miners exploring/prospecting in this Temple (SK 0540 7175) was named after the local farmer who adjacent natural cave system. leased the surrounding land from the Duke of Devonshire. The farmer, Solomon Mycock, lived on the hillside below the tower The Witcherscliffe/Witches Cliff, Rough or Anthony Hill area at the now ruined Temple Farm (SK 0546 7197). The tower that Two veins are located on the steep western facing escarpment of is here today was built in 1896. The Bronze Age barrow that it Anthony Hill (centred SK 046 711), known as Witcherscliffe in stands upon was excavated by Buxton archaeologist Micah Salt the early 17th century (Chatsworth maps 2062 & 2063) and lying in April and December 1894, wherein he discovered evidence immediately east of the disused reservoir on Stanley Moor. of three internments and two cremations (Turner, 1899). The original tower was built at this site in 1834 as noted in a modern Little is known about the veins located here. The earliest guide to Buxton (P. Shaw pers. comm.) and it is shown on the reference located states that ore was measured by Edmund Platt First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1840 (David & Charles, at Witches Cliff in 1777 and 1779 and totalled 3 loads 2 dishes 1979). In 1851 it was noted by William Adam that …having of grove ore and 3 dishes of smitham ore and it was noted at this satisfied our curiosity in searching (what should be called time that it was an olde tytle (DRO D504 B/L30) indicating that Diamond Valley), we proceeded to the Tower lately built by the vein had been worked previously, although when remains order of the Duke of Devonshire (6th Duke) on the hill above, unknown. and which forms a conspicuous and interesting view of Buxton (Adam, 1851). Slightly later another writer notes that the Many years later, in 1835, the Barmaster Put Benjamin Bonsall tower appears to have become ruinous but by this time it had into Possession of Eight Meers in an Old Vein situate in a field acquired the more recognisable title …from the further side of called Rough Hill beginning at the fence on the North Side of this plantation a path leads through two or three enclosures to the said field and ranging Southwardly towards the Top of the the highest point of the hill on which a mass of loose stones have Rough Hill (10/05/1835: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). been built up so as to resemble at a distance a ruined tower. This tower which bears the name Solomon’s Temple, affords a fine Much later, in the mid 1800s, Peter Heginbotham of Whaley view of the valley of Buxton and the surrounding elevations ….. Bridge gave one dish of ore to free Two Founder Meers in a (Croston, 1868). In the 1970s Solomon’s Temple, once again, New Vein situate on Anthony Hill in a field belonging to Daniel became unsafe and in danger of collapse. Remedial work was Downs and called it the Alma Mine…staked out Two Founder undertaken and the tower is now open to the general public. A Meers, one East and one West from the Shaft Sunk near the spiral staircase gives access to the top or viewing floor which, South wall on Anthony Hill. Staked out the Lords Meer, one ½ under favourable weather conditions, gives extensive views in Westwww.pdmhs.com and the other ½ East from the Founders. Gave Nineteen all directions. Meers. Thirteen Meers at the East End and Six Meers at the West End (24/08/1853: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). This The workings on the eastern side of Grin Hill venture was only very short-lived with only about ½ ton of ore This vein/sough as been previously discussed by Rieuwerts being raised at the mine. (2007). Nothing is known regarding its history. If it was intended to be a drainage level then it is unclear which minesfrom it would The Diamond Hill area have relieved. Earlier evidence, given here, proves that the This area of land (centred SK 053 707) is so named because it was majority of mineral veins were located in the western flank of the location where quartz crystals known as ‘Buxton Diamonds’ Grin Hill and not here. Having said this the surface expression were found in abundance as recorded by Adam (1851) and does give the impression that this is a sough level with equally others. Diamond Hill is mentioned on several occasions by the placed airshafts located along its course. This feature was in Hartington Barmaster the first dating from 1803 when he Gave existence by 1898, at least, as shown on the Ordnance Survey Job Elliott and Samuel Buxton an Old Founder on Diamond map of the area (Derbyshire sheet XXII-1). Hill with Ten Meers East and Ten Meers West from the Founder. Also gave a Cross Vein with Ten Meers each way from the Pee An unlocated lead mine on Grin Hill (28/03/1803: DRO 504 B/L 30). The lead mining term ‘Pee’ In 1730 during a complaint heard in the Hartington Barmote refers to the intersection between two cross veins (Rieuwerts, Court, the following mine is noted Stephen Gill complaineth 1998). It is clear that by this date the vein had been worked against Mr. John Answorth for wages dew for him to pa from previously, although at what date remains unknown. Many a sertin mine called deeper ye Better Near Buxton laying in years later the following is recorded by the Barmaster when he a sertin pees of ground called grin - being 16/6d (Rieuwerts, Put Phillip Heacock, William Nall and Benjamin Bonsall into 2007, 2008). The exact location of this mine on Grin Hill Possession of Thirty Meers in an Old Vein beginning at the Wall remains unknown.Downloaded at the Bottom of a piece of land called Diamond Hill. Twenty Meers ranging South and Ten Meers ranging North (09/10/1837: The Stanley Moor area Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). This area of relatively flat land (centred SK 045 715) lies between Ladmanlow and Anthony Hill. The boundary between The following veins, although freed on the western flank of the limestone and the gritstone is marked here by a line of active Grin Hill (centred SK 042 723), appear to have ranged into swallow holes that are the preserve of experienced and agile the Diamond Hill area although their exact location remains cavers. The details of the accessible underground passages are uncertain. In May 1835 the Barmaster Put Daniel Spencer and described by Gill and Beck (1991). Benjamin Buckley into Possession of Fifty Meers in a vein upon Grin Hill…at the Wall on the South Side of the field called Saw The Hartington Barmaster notes the freeing of lead veins in this Knowl and ranging Southward towards Diamond Hill and at area on only one definite occasion dating from 1800 when he the same time he Put Daniel Spencer and Benjamin Buckley Gave John Nadin a Vein called Stanley Moor with Six Meers into Possession of Fifty Meers in a vein about Fifty Yards more ranging North and South (28/08/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30). Eastward…at the above named Wall and all ranging Southward

27 from the said Wall up Diamond Hill (09/05/1835: Chats. Dev. Rising Sun Mine or Vein (09/10/1906: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series Coll. C Series 158). 192). Later in the same month the Barmaster, A.G. Taylor, gave to Mr. Attlee of the Buxton Lime Firms Company Limited, Mr. The Earles Frith or The Frith area A.H. Hubbersty being unavailable, Two Founder Meers, one Very small scale lead mining is recorded as being undertaken Southwest and the other Northeast from a point in the Hindlow within this large area of land (centred SK 060 696). In 1694 Quarry. Staked out the Lords Meer. One ½ Northeast…and one during a dispute concerning the non-payment of tithe ore, ½ Southwest from the Two Founder Meers. Gave Fifteen Meers Thomas ffroggatt owned a 1/16th at an un-named grove in the and Twenty-seven yards ranging Northeast and terminating at ffryth in Hartington Parish (Rieuwerts, 2008). a point on the fence dividing the Buxton Lime Firms Company Limited property from the Dowlow Lime Works property….gave A large part of the Earles Frith, later The Frith, has seen a great Twenty-one Meers and Ten yards ranging Southwest through deal of disturbance over many years due mainly to limestone land belonging to the BLF Co. Ltd. And Mr. J.B. Fletcher and quarrying activities and also the building of military installations. terminating at a point on the West Side of the Highway leading Having said this a small area of lead mining ground exists at from to Jericho and immediately North of a SK 0666 7006. Although the site is on the northern flank of small limestone quarry (16/10/1906: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series Staker Hill, in mining days it is probable that the whole area 192). The small Jericho limestone quarry is located at SK 0900 was known as The Earles Frith, which is confirmed on a map 6746. A search of the immediate area has failed to locate the of the Manor of Hartington dating from 1614 (Chatsworth maps southwestern range of the vein. 2062 & 2063). The workings at Dow Low The workings to the southeast of Turncliff The earliest reference to the mining of lead ore at Dowlow occurs An isolated vein working survives in the dry limestone dale in 1672 when William Harryson of Sterndale had a 1/4th share in at SK 0525 6999, known as Knatdale in 1614 (Chatsworth a grove at Dowlow. The location of this mine remains unknown. maps 2062 & 2063), to the immediate west of an impressive Later in 1754 an isolated reference in the ore accounts notes that embankment on the original route of the Cromford and High a small amount of ore was measured at Dowlow, again at an Peak Railway. Very little work appears to have been done at this unlocated mine (Rieuwerts, 2008). location and nothing is known concerning the history or name of this small mine. Lead workings in Pooles Cavern. It is apparent that the natural cave, and popular tourist attraction The Brier Low area since the 16th century (Leach, 1987), on the outskirts of Burbage In the late 1800s a vein was freed on Brierlow when Thompson (SK 050 725) was the source of a small amount of lead ore Naylor gave one dish of ore to free Two Founder Meers in a during a very short time period. The sediments found within New Vein discovered at the Southeast End of a Tunnel (Hindlow the cave could have been the source of the lead ore but this Tunnel) in the Buxton and Railway situate in is only speculation. No lead veins are known to exist within land belonging to George Needham Dakin called the ’Brierlow the currently accessible parts of the cave, but fairly recent Farm’ (Brierlow Grange) and he called the mine Brierlow…. investigations by cavers armed with an optical camera and other staked out the Two Founder Meers, one North and one South equipment have revealed that further passages exist beyond the from a Stake put down close to the Southern boundary fence massive boulder choke at the present end of the cave. Maybe the of the said Railway and near to the mouth of the said Tunnel. ore was mined from a vein within these further passages deep Staked out the Lords Meer. One ½ North…and one ½ South beneathwww.pdmhs.com the northern flank of Grin Low, and perhaps accessed from the Two Founder Meers. Gave him Fifty Meers of Ground. from a now long forgotten shaft or vein working. Alternatively Twenty-five and an half Meers North….and Twenty-four and was there a negotiable passage through the boulder choke that an half Meers South…by a natural pond over pasture land in was accessible to lead miners and which has since become Brierlow Farm (06/05/1891: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). blocked. However it is known, for certain, that the ore must If the details given here are measured out on a modern map have been obtained from at least 200 feet inside the cave from the northern meer terminates adjacent to the A515 Buxtonfrom to the entrance passage because the outer portion of the cave lies Ashbourne road and the southern meer terminates adjacent to a within Buxton Liberty and not Hartington Liberty. field pond that still exists amongst pasture land. Also at the same time a mine road was laid out from the mine starting at the Stake Ore was measured at Pools Hole during 1789 and 1790 by and proceeding by the fence on the South Side of the Cutting in William Bennett and totalled 9 loads and 5 dishes of grove ore the New Railway until it reached a bridge, then over the Old from a new tytle (DRO D504 B/L30). The reference to this miner Railway (Cromford and High Peak) by the Farmers Gate, then working a new tytle could mean either, that he was working an following the Farmers Road by Brierlow House to the Buxton to entirely new vein, or that he was working a vein that may have Ashbourne Turnpike Road and also laid out the Ground for ore been worked decades previously. No further ore was obtained dressing purposes. Sixty yards extending from the Railway fence from within the cave system. at the Southeast End of the said Tunnel and ranging Northwest and Thirty yards ranging Northeast by the Farmers fence from The geologist Richard Shaw has examined the sediments within the Boundary Wall of the Tunnel (06/05/1891: Chats. Dev. Coll. the cave in the past and found no lead ore within them and rightly C Series 192). This was done, presumably, in anticipation of points out that 9 loads is a fair amount of ore. Maybe a vein does the vein being a worthwhile venture. By 1895 the mine was exist on the hillside above the cave, the surface expression of under the ownership of Jonathan Beebe and during 1898 and which has been covered over by lime burning activities in later 1899 it was sold,Downloaded in varying portions, to John Oswald Earp for a years. total of £63/6/8. Only the single ‘freeing dish’ was measured at the mine. Slightly more detail is given in a railway publication The lead veins within the coal seams which states that The rock cutting to the south of the Hindlow The gritstone areas lying directly to the west of the limestone Tunnel was reported to have revealed a lead-ore vein during outcrop contain coal seams that have been exploited from at excavation in 1891. Having taken legal advice, the contractors, least the 17th century and possibly earlier. These seams are to be Naylor Brothers, were allowed to work the vein….. (P. Shaw. found in a rectangular band, trending from north to south, and pers. comm.). running from Burbage Moor (centred SK 028 720) in the north to Goldsitch Moss (centred SK 010 650) in the south (Roberts The workings at Hind Low and Leach, 1985; Barnatt and Leach, 1997; Barnatt, 2006). Lead In late 1906 Mr. A.H. Hubbersty representing the Buxton Lime veins are known to have been discovered and worked from within Firms Company Limited gave one dish of ore to free Two the coal seams and one of these in the Thatch Marsh Colliery on Founder Meers in a New Vein discovered in the said Company’s Axe Edge (centred SK 028 706) was discussed in a previous Quarry adjoining the Hindlow Lime Works and called it the paper (Heathcote, 2002). Since then further information has

28 been found concerning Thatch Marsh and other collieries, and The following entry concerns a vein that was freed in 1809 when this is presented here. the Barmaster Gave to James Joliffe Forty Meers each on two New Veins ranging Northeast and Southwest and discovered by Thatch Marsh Colliery him in Wardles Farm near the New House in Hartington Upper The first reference to lead veins being found within the lower coal Quarter (10/04/1809: DRO D504 B/L 30). The locations of both measures is noted by Thomas Short (1734), when describing the Wardles Farm and the New House remains unknown. coal mines in the Axe Edge area he recorded that …occasionally a vein of lead ore crossed the seam.. (Roberts and Leach, 1985). Workings near Greensides Farm Therefore by 1734, at least, the presence of lead veins within Several lead veins exist to the southeast, east and northeast of the local coal mines was already known. Nearly 80 years later the farm buildings at Greensides (centred SK 071 686) near Watson (1811) noted that …at Thatch Marsh near Buxton, veins to the head of Dowel Dale. The Hartington Barmaster first of Sulphuret of Lead are found in Faults having Coal attached recorded the mines here in 1777 when John Nadin gave one dish on both sides accompanied with Sulphuret of Iron…. Later still of ore to free an Old Founder called Greensides (19/12/1777: Lacey (1862) was more descriptive of the vein at Thatch Marsh DRO D504 B/L 30). Over 30 years later the Barmaster Gave to Colliery, and stated that …a vein which cuts, in nearly a vertical George Heathcote Eight Meers on Two Veins ranging West from direction, through a seam of coal at Axe Edge, Derbyshire. The John Nadin’s Stowes at Greensides (13/04/1809: DRO D504 B/ coal is 60 yards above the limestone….. The vein of galena is L 30). It seems that even though much time has elapsed between about three inches in thickness, and is contained in a fracture in these records the mine was still in possession by its original the strata, or fault, which passes through the rocks above and owner, but nothing else is recorded regarding the freeing of below the seam of coal. It has been followed about 15 yards ground at this location. Recent analysis of the ore accounts has above the coal, without presenting any indication of swelling out revealed that John Nadin was working at Edge Grove located at to a workable thickness; but at present it has not been examined Greensides from 1780 until 1783 (see Appendix 1 & 2). below the level of the coal, on account of the accumulation of water in that direction. The workings on and near to Upper Edge Lead mining was or had been taking place on Lumes Upper The first and only freeing of a lead vein on Thatch Marsh, Edge in 1733 because a dispute was heard at this time in the occurs two years previous to Lacey’s report, in 1860, when the Hartington Barmote Court (Rieuwerts, 2008). Nothing more is Hartington Barmaster notes The Buxton Lime Company gave one known concerning the mine. dish of ore to free Two Founder Meers in a New Vein discovered by them in one of their coal mines called ‘Thatch Marsh’ on Axe The geological map (Buxton Sheet 111) shows three veins Edge near Buxton in Hartington Upper Quarter and ranging located on Upper Edge (centred SK 077 685) to the northwest East and West and called it the Thatch Marsh Mine. Staked out of Earl Sterndale village. The name of one of these can be Two Founder Meers, one West and one East from a Stake put positively identified by using the details given by the Barmaster. down on the South Side of the Thatch Marsh Deep Coalpit and In early 1803 the Barmaster Gave to Joseph Johnson a Rake 55 yards from it on Axe Edge. Staked out the Lords Meer. One called Gingerbread Rake on Lomas Upper Edge North West ½ at the West End of the West Founder Meer and the other ½ from Sterndale with Twenty Meers North and South from the at the East End of the East Founder Meer. Gave Twenty-Five Founder (04/03/1803: DRO D504 B/L 30). Meers West from the Lords West Half Meer and Twenty-Five Meers East from the Lords East Half Meer (08/06/1860: Chats. At SK 078 681 the geological map (Buxton Sheet 111) shows Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The abandonment plan (No 3072) for a shortwww.pdmhs.com length of un-named vein that is orientated northwest to this colliery and dating from 1895 shows an east-west fault at southeast and runs down the steep eastern flank of Upper Edge about 55 yards south of the main winding shaft of the mine. near its southern end. The same map also shows another un- This is therefore believed to be the fault that contained the vein named vein at SK 0795 6778 located in a field corner, alongside of lead (SK 0275 7061) and must be the one described by Lacey a public footpath, at the very bottom of the steep southern end in 1862. fromof Upper Edge. Black Clough Coal Pit At the very northern end of Upper Edge and located at SK 074 Although lying about 4 miles to the southwest of Buxton, 689 are four very short parallel veins that trend southwest to the coal pit at Black Clough (centred SK 012 692) is situated northeast. Nothing is known regarding their history or names. within the Liberty of Hartington and in Derbyshire, although it is adjacent to the Derbyshire/ boundary. The The Croom or Chrome Hill area colliery is noted by Farey (1811) in his list of coal mines, and its The workings here were first noted by the Barmaster in 1800 at alternative name appears to have been the Beat mine. which time he Gave to Robert Blackwell an Old Founder on the South Side of Croom Hill with Ten Meers ranging East and Ten In January 1809 the Hartington Barmaster Gave to James Meers ranging West from the Founder. Gave Two Cross Veins Moss of Axe Edge Twentyfour Meers on a Vein discovered with Ten Meers on each ranging North over Croom Hill and by him in the Black Clough near Buxton ranging northeast Five Meers South to the Dove River (08/09/1800: DRO D504 and southwest. (30/01/1809: DRO D504 B/L 30). Only the B/L 30). From these details it is clear that this vein which runs freeing dish was given here so it appears that the venture was east to west from the founder shaft, was located on the steep unsuccessful. southern side of Chrome Hill and 145 yards (5 meers) from the northern bank of the River Dove. Slightly later, in 1803, Unlocated leadDownloaded mines and veins the same ground was re-freed by Joseph Johnson (05/01/1803: The Barmaster, on occasion, freed veins and named mines DRO D504 B/L 30). whose location, because of the very sparse details given, remain completely unknown within the area under discussion. This first In 1808 the first reference is made to Croom Hill Sough when the occurs in 1800 when he Gave to John Nadin an Old Vein called Barmaster Gave to John Birch an Old Founder on the South Side Misty Knowl with Fourteen Meers ranging North and South of Croom Hill ranging East and West with Ten Meers East and (28/08/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30). The following, because of Ten Meers West from the Shaft. Also gave him the Sough Levell the reference to getting barytes/caulk, could be located on the (04/07/1808: DRO D504 B/L 30). The sough, open until the 1980s, western flank of Grin Hill, at Burbage or Ladmanlow, when the was driven north from the eastern side of the River Dove (SK 0715 Barmaster Viewed Six Meers at the Bottom of the field called 6691) for a distance of 67 yards to a forefield. The level is 6 feet the Low Hill at a place lately opened to get Caulk. Two Meers high by 4 feet wide and was driven using gunpowder, with shot ranging Southwardly and Four Meers ranging Southeastwardly holes of 1 inch diameter being abundant throughout (Rieuwerts, (20/06/1840: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). 2007, 2008). One of the two Cross Veins…ranging North over Croom Hill recorded in both of the above entries of 1800 and 1803

29 Fig. 1: Lead Veins located in the northern part of Hartington Liberty,www.pdmhs.com Derbyshire. Waggon Low to Buxton. respectively was probably located on the later sough level. The The Jericho area drivage of the sough was possibly undertaken between 1803 and To the north of this small compact hamlet and situated near 1808. What is clear is that the sough was abandoned before reaching the foot of the steep hillside (centred SK 088 679) and running the east to west vein on the steep southern side of Chrome Hill and parallel with the B5053 road from Brierlow Bar to Longnor, are appears to have been a failure. Many years later the groundfrom was the hillocks and hollows of a prominent lead vein. The vein was re-freed when the Barmaster Put Isaac Wain into Possession (for freed in 1830 when George Wagstaff with George Housley, one the use of Melville Attwood) of Twenty Meers in an Old Vein situate of the Grand Jury or Twentyfour Men, put Richard Carr into upon Croom Hill beginning at the side of the River Dove near an Possession of Sixteen Meers in an Old Vein called Fortunate Old Level and ranging North from the River Dove. Also gave Ten or Sterndale Mine near Sterndale beginning at the Deep Shaft. Meers in a Vein crossing the above named Vein. Five Meers West Eight Meers ranging Northwest and Eight Meers ranging and Five Meers East from the said cross. Also gave Ten Meers Southeast from the Deep Shaft (01/05/1830: Chats. Dev. Coll. in a Vein, more North than the last named Vein, and crossing the C Series 158). Over ten years later a slight change to the name first named Vein. Five Meers West and Five Meers East from the of the mine was recorded when George Housley sold to Thomas said cross (31/03/1842: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). Melville Lomas and Partners all of his Right and Title to Jericho or Attwood was active in copper, zinc and lead mining in other areas Fortunate Mine. For the sum of £8 (21/09/1840: Chats. Dev. of Derbyshire, Staffordshire and further afield in Cumbria. Zinc Coll. C Series 158). After this date no more ground was freed ore (calamine) was obtained from Chrome Hill and at this location. during the mid 18th century (Porter and Robey, 2000), and it is possible that Attwood was prospecting the area for further reserves The Earl Sterndale area of calamine. Lying to the southwest of the village and running along the crest Downloaded of Hitter Hill (centred SK 088 668) are the surface remains of The location of the following entry is problematic. In 1818, two parallel and, in parts, interconnecting veins that are aligned the Barmaster George Wagstaff and John Redfearn, one of the east to west. The following mines were all located in the vicinity jurymen, at the request of Joseph Gould of Hollings (Hollins SK of Earl Sterndale but owing to the lack of details their precise 065 671) viewed Six Meers on a Vein commencing at a spring of location remains unknown. water on the South Side of Croom Hill ranging Northwardly across the said Croom Hill (09/03/1818: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). In 1755 Bateman’s Grove near Sterndale was operational and the This could of course simply be a reference to the vein and sough well known firm of lead merchants and shareholders Alexander discussed above, but surely at this date the Barmaster would have Barker & Company were involved in the venture (Rieuwerts, mentioned the sough level and also that the vein commenced from 2008). the River Dove. Alternatively, at SK 0741 6712 on the southern slope of Chrome Hill, is a spring of water which is shown on the Many years later the Barmaster recorded that he Gave to John Ordnance Survey map (Derbyshire Sheet XXII - 13.) dating from Birch Six Meers in a Vein called the Stoop Mine near Sterndale 1898. The vein could have ranged north from this point. ranging North and South (04/07/1808: DRO D504 B/L 30).

30 In mid 1836 Ann Hibbert and William Moorwood sold to 1599 (PRO MP C214) and named the Grove Flatts. A mine was Richard Carr an Old Mine called Brunt Rake in the Liberty of located here in 1672, shares of which were owned by William Sterndale. For the sum of 5/- (02/07/1836: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Harrison (Rieuwerts, 2008). Series 158). A week later Richard Carr gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Brunt Rake ranging The terminology used in later documentary evidence reveals East and West (09/07/1836: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). that this working must have been in close proximity to the later Although uncertain the orientation of Brunt Rake given in the Botany Bay Mine, first recorded by the Barmaster in 1801, last entry could indicate that it was located on Hitter Hill. when Thomas Roberts, Barmaster, with William and Isaac Mycock, laid out a road from Botany Bay Mine to the Wash A rather obscure entry of 1803 reveals that the postulated Holes below Cronkstone for Washing their Ore at the Water western range of the Hitter Hill veins continued for about 1 mile (08/05/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30). The location of this ore to the southern slopes of Chrome Hill (centred SK 073 672), washing place remains unknown. Several years later the mine when the Barmaster Gave Joseph Johnson Twenty Meers on was given away to Mr. Saxelby and Bell. Botany Bay Founder Hittrill Vein ranging East from Croom Side (05/01/1803: DRO with Thirty Meers ranging West and Forty Meers ranging East D504 B/L 30). (04/03/1806: DRO D504 B/L 30). No doubt much of this freed ground (1559 yards) was never worked. Two years later the A much later entry of 1856 could be referring to a mine located Barmaster Gave to William Housley an Old Founder called at the western end of Hitter Hill when the Barmaster gave Botany Bay with Six Meers East and Six Meers West from the to Richard Fearn, Edmund Fearn and Joseph Kidd an Old Founder (14/11/1808: DRO D504 B/L 30). Just one year later Mine called Itterills. Beginning at an Old Shaft on the Top of William Housley sold to Joseph Cocker Botany Bay Mine with the steep hill in Mr. Henry Bentley’s Rough Pasture….gave 4 Six Meers each way and Seven Meers on a side vein each way Meers Westwardly to the Bottom of the Pasture and 7 Meers from the Pee (08/06/1809: DRO D504 B/L 30). A later entry of Eastwardly from the Old Shaft (11/12/1856: Chats. Dev. Coll. C 1837 is surprisingly detailed in the information given regarding Series 192). Later in 1868 the Barmaster Gave to John Goodwin Botany Bay Mine and adjacent veins. The Barmaster notes that 37 Meers beginning at the end of Itterills Title near an Old Ash Edward Horobin gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in Tree near the Road Side leading from Glutton Farm House to a New Vein discovered in a piece of land called Grove Flatts in Glutton being about 160 yards below Glutton Farm Gates and Hartington Middle Quarter and ranging North and South and ranging West over Parkers (Parkhouse) Hill in Glutton Farm called it Chance. Staked out the Founder Meer and also the on to Croom Hill in the Dowel Farm and called it Glutton Lord’s Half Meer and saw Two Stowes set for One and a Half (05/12/1868: Chats. Bar. Coll. C Series 192). Meers to the Top Wall of the Grove Flatts, from the end of the Lord’s Half Meer ranging Northwardly, and Five Stowes from The workings at Wheeldon Trees the end of the Lord’s Half Meer ranging Southwardly. The lead mines at Wheeldon Trees (SK 102 661) to the southeast of Earl Sterndale feature frequently in the Hartington Barmasters Put Edward Horobin into Possession of Seven and a Half Meers records. Mining was taking place here by at least 1662 when in an Old Vein called Slide Vein alias Botany Bay situate on the Thomas Nadon of Longnor held a 1/6th share in the mine. Many Southeast Side of Chance Vein in the Grove Flatts Beginning years later another mine was named here during a dispute heard at an Old Hillock about the middle of the field. One and a Half in the Hartington Barmote Court in 1734 which related to St. Meers Northwest and Six Meers Southeast. Peggs Grove at Wheeldon Trees (Rieuwerts, 2008). The location of this mine or mines is not known. Putwww.pdmhs.com Joseph Needham and Thomas Cocker into Possession of Seven Meers in the Chance Vein being Takers at Edward From 1791 onwards Thomas Roberts, the Barmaster, noted Horobin’s Title and all ranging Northwardly from the end of that in early 1791, he along with Solomon Mycock and William Edward Horobin’s Title (20/10/1837: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series Orme laid out a road from Wheeldon Trees Founder along the 158). vein to the Common (28/02/1791: DRO D504 B/L 30). The precise location of the mine is not known so it is impossiblefrom to A Slide Vein probably means a small vein consisting mainly of give a location for the mineral road or its direction. Nine years clay (Rieuwerts, 1998). later the Barmaster Gave Hugh Shimwell an Old Founder or Engine Shaft called Wheeldon Trees with Six Meers West and Another mine that could be located here is the following Eight Meers East (13/10/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30). Later, William Blackwell gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder more ground was freed to the east when the Barmaster Gave called Needham Cross (30/05/1774: DRO D504 B/L 30). Was William Higget and John Housley an Old Engine Shaft on a vein Needham Cross an ancient boundary marker? called Wheeldon Trees with Twelve Meers East and Six Meers West from the Founder (18/06/1807: DRO D504 B/L 30). The In Grove Flatts to the immediate west of Bank Top Farm (centred last entry concerning this mine, and which notes that yet more SK 107 652) are what appears to be isolated patches of disturbed ground had been freed, appears in late 1808 when the Barmaster ground (only viewed from aerial photographs) which probably Gave Benjamin Shimwell an Old Engine Shaft called Wheeldon mark the location of the above mines and veins, although which Trees with Twelve Meers West and Twelve Meers East from the can be linked to each mine remains unclear. The above named Founder (02/11/1808: DRO D504 B/L 30). Chance Vein is probably to the immediate west of Bank Top Farm. Here a small section of linear hillocks survive to the north The location of Wheeldon Trees Founder is uncertain but the of the farm buildings (only viewed from aerial photographs). Ordnance SurveyDownloaded map of the area dated 1899 (Derbyshire sheet The recorded meers on Chance Vein originally came to the XXVII - 2) shows an old lead mine at SK 1015 6632 in the northern side of the road from High Needham to valley bottom between and the minor road at SK 1089 6513. On the western slopes of Waggon Low from High Needham to Earl Sterndale. Alternatively the modern (centred SK 115 645) and on the conjectured southern range of Ordnance Survey map ( Area. Outdoor Leisure 24) Chance Vein, is an intermittent series of hillocks and hollows on shows an isolated shaft at SK 1024 6593 in a field to the south obvious, although un-named, vein workings. At present, nothing of Wheeldon Trees Farm and at the same reference but on the is known historically regarding these veins. earlier map of 1899 (Derbyshire sheet XXVII - 3) a small square feature is shown which was possibly a wall surrounding the shaft. The Crowdecote area Nothing remains on the surface at either of these locations. Numerous veins were freed near the small hamlet of Crowdecote on the eastern bank of the River Dove (centred SK 101 652). The The High Needham area first reference to the freeing of ground here occurs in 1806 when A series of fields (centred SK 107 652) now lying adjacent to the Barmaster Gave to Joseph Shirley a Pit Hole in a Nursery Bank Top Farm near High Needham, are shown on a map of below Crowdicote with Three Meers East and Three Meers

31 West. Also gave a Cross Vein with Three Meers ranging North The first entry for mines in this area dates from 1775 when At and One Meer ranging South from the Pit Hole (09/01/1806: the request of Joseph Willson I (the Barmaster) viewed Fourteen DRO D504 B/L 30). Stowes for Fourteen Meers of Ground set as Takers ranging Westwardly from some Old Stowes up the Bottom of Cronkstone Slightly later, the Barmaster Gave Thomas Ratcliffe two Veins Dale. Also viewed Nine Meers of Ground ranging Eastwardly from below Crowdicote on the Hill Side with Twelve Meers on each an Old Founder called Have at All Possessed with a Treble Rank ranging Northwest and Six Meers Southeast from the Pit Holes of Possessions and Thirteen Meers Possessed only with a Single (04/06/1806: DRO D504 B/L 30). Rank set as Takers Eastward from the end of the above Nine pairs. Also viewed Nine Meers of Ground ranging Westwardly from the The locational details given for the next two freeings have above Founder all Possessed with a Treble Rank of Possessions enabled accurate references to be given. In October 1807 the and Four Meers only Possessed with a Single Rank set as Takers Barmaster gave to Thomas Ratcliffe Six Meers on a New Vein Westwardly from the end of the above Nine pairs. Also Joseph ranging Northwest and Six Meers ranging Southeast from the Willson gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder in Cronkstone lane near Crowdicote Toll Bar (16/10/1807: DRO D504 B/L Dale Side called Have at All (25/05/1775: DRO D504 B/L 30). 30). Crowdecote Toll Bar was located at SK 1009 6519 below The exact location of these veins and Have at All Mine remains the present Pack Horse Inn and on the junction between the unknown. Two weeks later it appears that Have at All Mine Longnor to High Needham road and the lane to Bridge End could have been re-freed when the Barmaster Gave to Robert Farm (Dodd and Dodd, 2000). It is clear that the vein was freed, Mycock for the use of Mr. Frost and Partners an Old Founder in in this vicinity, to either side of this lane. Cronkstone Dale Bottom with Two Meers ranging Westwardly and Eight Meers ranging Eastwardly from the Founder Shaft. Also a Over one year later another vein was freed in the immediate area Meer of Ground late William Mycock with Two Stowes and Five when the Barmaster Gave to Richard Gregory Two Meers in a Meers of Ground late belonging to Matthew Mycock (15/06/1775: New Vein ranging East from the River Dove and discovered by DRO D504 B/L 30). Many years later the Barmaster noted that him sinking the end of the bridge at Crowdicote (14/11/1808: George Goodwin of Monyash sold to Joseph Doxey of Middleton DRO D504 B/L 30). The original ‘Crawdy Coat Bridge’ was by Wirksworth one part of a Mine called Cronystone Dale or no more than a wooden footbridge. It was rebuilt as a stone Cronystone Grange Mine….the said Three Veins, Rakes, Scrins, packhorse bridge in 1709. (Dodd and Dodd, 2000). Perhaps at Backs or Jaums include the Shaft and Coestead in the bottom of the above date the bridge (SK 1008 6509) was being rebuilt or the field near to the High Peak Railway….Ground bought 33 ½ even widened to accommodate heavier, more bulky traffic. Meers (30/08/1869: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). These veins could be those already noted above at SK 129 659. Over 15 years The workings near Street Farm and the Duke of York public later Joseph Doxey sold to John Hodgekinson of Flagg, all his house Right and Title to Cronystone Dale or Cronystone Grange Mine, Street Farm and the nearby Duke of York public house are both for the sum of £5 (19/01/1885: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). located at Pomeroy (centred SK 119 675) alongside the A515 Buxton to Ashbourne road. A mine was freed near here in 1895. Cellar Window Vein would have crossed or ranged very close to The Barmaster, John Wagstaff, notes that Thompson Naylor the veins to the immediate north of Sparklow Station. In 1809 the gave one dish of Ore to free Two Founder Meers in a New Vein Barmaster gave to Joseph Goodwin Eleven Meers on a Vein called discovered on the East Side of the High Peak and Buxton Junction Cellar Window ranging South from Monyash Liberty and Three Railway situated in a farm called ‘Street’ in the occupation of Meers on a Cross Vien near the South End of Hurdlow House William Dakin and called it Street alias Duke of York (04/05/1895: (14/11/1809:www.pdmhs.com DRO D504 B/L 30). The Ordnance Survey First Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Ground was given northwest and Edition map of 1840 shows that Hurdlow (Hardlow) House is the southeast from the founder shaft and ground was also laid out for earlier name for the Bull I’th Thorn public house, or an adjacent ore dressing purposes at this time. Just two months later Thompson building, at SK 1280 6651 on the A515 Buxton to Ashbourne road Naylor of Monyash sold to John Oswald Earp of Riber, Francis (Ordnance Survey, 1840). Ashwell and John Arthur Cooke both of Nottingham, all of his Right and Title to Street alias Duke of York Mine, for thefrom sum of In 1908 the Barmaster notes that J.H. Critchlow, grocer of £100 (02/07/1895: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Later in the Monyash, gave one dish of Ore to free Two Founder Meers in same year a road was laid out from the founder shaft and passing a New Vein, the shaft sunk…..on the East Side of the East Fence the Street farmhouse to the A515 Buxton to Ashbourne road. to the road leading from Sparklow to Hurdlow Town and about 560 yards from Hurdlow Town Farm in a direct line (01/07/1908: In the spring of 1902 John Oswald Earp and Francis Elizabeth Chats. Bar. Coll. C Series 192). The directions given by the Cooke, wife of John Arthur Cooke, sold to Herbert and Reginald Barmaster would place the shaft at SK 1221 6649 to the southeast Pomeroy Lomas of the Hydro Hotel, Buxton, all of their Right of Hurdlow Town. Nothing is visible at this location today. and Title to Street or Duke of York Mine, for the sum of £10 (03/05/1902: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The exact location Much later in 1937 Michael Ivan Aische of Alsager, Cheshire of this mine remains unknown. was given 55 Meers on M.I.A. Vein commencing at the South Side of the field situate on the South Side of the Highway leading The Sparklow and Cronkstone Grange area from Hen Moor to Hurdlow Station and West of the Plantation…. Similarly to many of the other areas already discussed, it is difficult through plots 501, 500, 493, 566, 482, 565, 571, 570, 572 and and sometimes impossible to locate the mines and veins with any 574 to a point near to an old reservoir South of Hurdlow Town confidence. This area, because of the lack of precise detail, is no (23/04/1937: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). exception to Downloaded the rule. Many of the entries refer to Cronkstone Dale, a name which cannot be found on any map of the area. It The ore accounts record that the following mine, Bellharp or is possible that it could refer to either the shallow dale at SK 115 Thorn Tree, is also located near Sparklow. In 1848 the Barmaster 659 to the north of Cronkstone Grange or the broader dale at SK states that William Bunting of Middlestreet sold to Sarah Dakin 123 653 to the east of Clemonseats Plantation. The latter choice is of Flagg, 12/24th of a Mine called Bellharp or Thorntree, for more plausible because trending up the northwestern side of the the sum of £1/7/- (01/02/1848: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). dale (centred SK 129 654) is a series of closely spaced parallel Ten years later the mine was given an additional name when veins that have a good visual impact. Also where the dale swings William Needham and Sarah Dakin sold to Samuel Hollis of to the northwest adjacent to Hurdlow Station (SK 1275 6595) on , all of their Right and Title to Bellharp or Brunt the disused Cromford and High Peak Railway (now the High Peak Rake for the sum of (missing). On the same day the Barmaster Trail) are another series of well preserved surface features on gave to Samuel Hollis 5 Meers commencing at the East End of parallel lead veins (centred SK 130 658) that also trend northwest Bellharp or Thorntree Mine ….. And 18 Meers at the West end of to southeast. the Mine….(13/05/1858: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192).

32 The complex of lead veins crossing the area to the southeast from an hole sunk on the North Side of the Road leading from of Sparklow are listed in the Lead Legacy inventory (Item 74) Hartington to Longnor and about 300 yards East from Pilsbury which lists important Derbyshire lead mining sites according to House… (26/12/1857: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Nearly 80 their ecological, historical or archaeological value (Barnatt and years later the Barmaster, Alfred Hodgkiss gave to Michael Ivan Penny, 2004). Aische 65 Meers in Crow Dale Mine ranging Southeast from the River Dove near to Pilsbury Grange crossing the roadway near The Pilsbury area to Parks Barn and over the North Side of Carder Low to the Once again numerous instances of lead mining occur near Hide Lane (23/10/1937: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Pilsbury and it is again far from clear where the mines and veins were situated, their true location can only be speculated upon. (SK 114 638) is located to the north of Pilsbury. This is the site of a Motte and Bailey of Norman type (J. Barnatt Lead mining around Pilsbury was first recorded in 1618 when pers. comm.). The following entry could be referring to a mine Lot Ore worth 16/1d was collected. Many years later in 1669 located in this vicinity, when the Barmaster Put John Ridgard a dispute was heard in the Small Barmote Court when it was and Partners into Possession of Twenty-two Meers in an Old alleged that a trespass had taken place at one mear of ground Vein called Castle Vein beginning at an Old Hillock situate in a lying or being in Pilsbury High field …in an ould vayne field in the occupation of Mr. Shaw called Castle Field. Sixteen commonly called Nicholas Bagshawes founder….. 200 loads Meers East and Six Meers West (18/07/1836: Chats. Dev. Coll. of ore had been taken with a value of £300. Slightly later in C Series 158). A thorough search of this area has failed to locate 1685, Duty Ore worth £1/11/2 was sold from Pilsbury Grange the vein. (Rieuwerts, 2008). The reference to Pilsbury High Field in 1669 is of interest because earlier maps of 1614 (Chatsworth maps Likewise the location of the following cannot be given. The 2062 & 2063) show that the field is located at SK 1261 6295 to Barmaster, in 1790, Gave to Isaac Greenhough Eighteen Meers the southeast of Pilsbury. This field contains the western range in a New Vein discovered in a Stonepitt near Pilsbury. Fifteen of a large, and most northerly, lead vein (Horsesteps Rake) Meers ranging Eastwardly to some old hillocks on the top of the which traverses the northern flank of Carder Low. It is likely hill and Three Meers ranging Westwardly (25/02/1790: DRO that this is the location of the alleged trespass of 1669. D504 B/L 30). During late 1775 the Barmaster Gave Robert Broomhead a The Parsley Hay area Founder Meer in an Old Vein called Ore Cross with Ten Meers The location of the following vein remains unknown. In late ranging Westwardly and Two Meers ranging Eastwardly from 1808 the Barmaster Gave Benjamin Shimwell Parsley Hey Vein the Founder (23/10/1775: DRO D504 B/L 30). Six years with Forty or more Stowes West from the Turnpike (02/11/1808: later, in 1781, the same man freed the same length of vein, DRO D504 B/L 30). The turnpike noted is now the A515 Buxton presumably because he had let the vein out of his possession in to Ashbourne road. the intervening period. Two years later the vein was freed again when the Barmaster Gave William Bonsall an Old Founder To the north of Parsley Hay lie the ruins of Benty Grange Farm called Ore Cross near Pilsbury with Twelve Meers ranging (SK 1489 6415). A complex of closely parallel veins lay in land Southeastwardly and Eight Meers ranging Northwestwardly owned by this farm. The veins were noted in 1835 when At the from the Founder Shaft (03/03/1803: DRO D504 B/L 30). request of Richard Hibbert, George Wagstaff with Ralph Staley, The last entry concerning this mine occurs in 1808 when the one of the Gran Jury or Twentyfour Men, viewed One Stowes Barmaster Gave George Sheldon an Old Founder called Ore andwww.pdmhs.com Four Crosses set for Four Meers in an Old Vein called Park Cross with Thirteen Meers East and Five Meers West from the Nook in Benty Farm. Two Meers Westwardly and Three Meers Founder. Also gave Eleven Meers in the same vein ranging East Eastwardly from his Founder Shaft in the Coe. Viewed Five from the Dove Side and Two Meers on Pie Cross Vein lying on Crosses in an Old Vein situate on the South Side of Park Nook the South Side of this vein and One Meer in a Scrin near Dale Vein beginning at an Old Hillock about Ten Yards South of the Meer (08/12/1808: DRO D504 B/L 30). It is clear that the meers Park Nook Founder. Two Meers Westwardly and Three Meers on the vein were measured from the eastern bank of fromthe River Eastwardly from the said Hillock. Viewed Four Crosses in an Dove. The location of the Dale Meer, presumably a field pond Old Vein about Four Yards North of the Park Nook Founder. or meer, is not known Two Meers Westwardly and Five Meers Eastwardly from the said Founder. Viewed Four Crosses made for Four Meers in an Old Another vein located near to Pilsbury was first recorded in 1836 Vein about Six Yards on the North Side of the last named vein when George Wagstaff with Francis Milner, one of the Grand beginning at an Old Hillock Ten Yards North of the Park Nook Jury or Twentyfour Men, put Isaac Pett and Thomas Palfreyman Founder. Two Meers Westwardly and Two Meers Eastwardly into Possession of Seventeen Meers in an Old Vein called Sparr (13/11/1835: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). Vein beginning in Mr. Carr’s Rick Yard. Five Meers Eastwardly and Twelve Meers Westwardly from the Rick Yard (06/04/1836: Over 50 years later additional ground, in this general area, Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158). A later entry not only gives was given away when the Barmaster gave to George and John an approximate location for the vein but owing to the monies Goodwin and John Holland 29 Meers in the Long Rake. 26 Meers exchanged it was not very profitable Joseph Sheldon sold to from an hole sunk near an Old Stonepitt in the Pasture Field in William Webster a Lead Mine called Sparr Rake near Pilsbury the Benty Grange Farm and lying on the Northeast side of the Upper Barn. For the sum of 1d (17/02/1843: Chats. Dev. Coll. Buxton to Ashbourne Turnpike Road and ranging East across C Series 158). Pilsbury Upper Barn, shown on the Ordnance the Benty Grange Farm and in front of the Farm House by the Survey map ofDownloaded 1840 (Ordnance Survey, 1840), and the adjacent corner of Monyash Liberty to where the Vein enters the Highway Rick Yard (place for storing Hay) are both located at SK 1261 leading from Parsley Hey Wharf to Youlgreave. 3 Meers West. 6295 on the hillside to the southeast of Parks Barn Farm. The The Title of the Mine to be called Benty Grange. Gave 52 Meers meers noted in the earlier entry of 1836, especially those trending at the West End of the Benty Grange Title and ranging West to the west, correspond exactly with the surface expression of across the Parsley Hey and Coach Field (Cotesfield) Farms the vein that exists today. This is also the location of the founder towards the West Meers, to the High Peak Railway (C&HPR). noted earlier as being owned by Nicholas Bagshawe in 1669. The Title of the Mine to be called Coach Field (08/04/1878: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The following new vein must range in close proximity to the above and could possibly interconnect with it. Later terminology In 1890 John Holland sold to John Critchlow, for the sum of £1, seems to suggest this. The vein was freed when Joseph Mellor the Long Rake which runs West from Middleton and Youlgreave and Samuel Pickerhill gave one dish of ore to free a New Vein Liberties (in the direction of the West Meers) to the High Peak situate near to Pilsbury Farm House and they called it Crow Railway and includes the two titles called Benty Grange and Dale Mine….staked out two Founders, one East and one West Coach Field (09/12/1890: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192).

33 Fig. 2: Lead Veins located in the southern part of Hartington Liberty, Derbyshire. Carder Low to Biggin Dale.

In spring of 1902 the Barmaster, Arthur G. Taylor viewed the pers. comm.). In another document of 1652 it is recorded that Long Rake Mine West of the Old High Peak Railway, which the following took place at this location when A Barmote courte Railway is the Western termination of the Coach Field Title. houlden upon ye ? Rake neare Coatsfield ye 17th day of July Gave George Beebe 40 Meers in the Long Rake (called the 1652 before Hugh Bateman, stewarde there. Between Ralph Clemonseats Mine) commencing on the West End of the Coach Brunt, plt And Hugh ? Deft (J. Rieuwerts pers. comm.). (see Field Title….and ranging Northwest across the Pilsbury to appendix 8). Monyash Road…..Then through the Clemonseats Plantation (centred SK 123 651)…. (09/05/1902: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Rieuwertswww.pdmhs.com (2003) records that at the above locations the veins, Series 192). which traverse the Monyash/Hartington boundary, were also exploited for limonite or ochre (iron oxide) in significant Four years later both mine titles were sold when George and quantities. In 1814 the Henmore South and Middle Veins were John Goodwin and Job Critchlow, sold to Thomas Hampson given away and also the Couler Mine. Brown of , all of the Right and Title to Benty Grange and Cotesfield Titles, for the sum of £5 (24/12/1906: Chats.from Dev. The site of the old mine is listed in the Lead Legacy inventory Coll. C Series 192). (Item 75) which lists important Derbyshire lead mine sites according to their archaeological, historical or ecological value 11 years later the mine was given away to J. H. Critchlow, (Barnatt & Penny, 2004). grocer, Joshua Caleb Millington and Charles Henry Millington, quarrymen, all of Monyash, 26 Meers in the Benty Grange Mine The Carder Low area from an hole sunk near an old stone pit in a pasture field in the There are three prominent veins that cross this impressive Benty Grange Farm…..ranging East across the Benty Grange limestone hill (centred SK 130 626) which is located east of the Farm in front of the Farmhouse…Gave 50 Meers at the West River Dove and to the north of Hartington village. Many entries End of the Title ranging West across Parsley Hey and Cotesfield were made concerning the mines on the southeast to northwest Farms (towards the West Meers) to the High Peak Railway trending veins located here. (07/09/1917: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The Hartington Barmaster noted in 1776 that Thomas Carder It is noted much earlier that Clemon Seats Mine was also known gave one dish of ore to free a Founder Meer in a Vein called as the West Meers (16/09/1863: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series Carder Low (13/03/1776: DRO D504 B/L 30). Five years later 192). it seems that the founder was re-freed when the Barmaster Gave Downloaded Joseph Mycock an Old Founder called Carder Low with Three Lying to the north of Cotesfield Grange is one of the earliest Meers Eastwardly and Six Meers Westwardly from the Founder. described lead mining locations within Derbyshire (SK 137 Also gave a slip Vein with Three Meers ranging Southwardly 647). A late 12th century Charter describing the boundaries of the from the Pee on the Low Top (03/12/1781: DRO D504 B/L 30). Grange, states that these boundaries were to be ….distinguished… The term slip Vein, used here, is the lead miners term for a small by the ditch which….is extended to the old mine on the northern scrin which leaves or runs into a larger vein at an acute angle part….by the old mine on the west by the ditch which from the (Rieuwerts, 1998). The evidence suggests that the vein was old mine extends into the valley (Rieuwerts, 2008). The line of located near to the summit of Carder Low. A prominent vein this east to west vein can still be seen, in parts, and the valley system exists on the southeast flank of the hill and at SK 1331 was later to become, by using later evidence, probably known as 6235 on its most southeast range are the good surface survivals the previously discussed Cronkstone Dale. of three closely parallel and intersecting veins. From this point in a northwesterly direction the surface expression of the veins A document dating from July 1650 lists the members of the have been partly removed but at their extreme northwest limit jury at a great barmote court held at Hartington (J. Rieuwerts (SK 1319 6241), to the south of Carder Low summit, a short

34 series of hillocks survives. It is highly likely that this complex of an Engine Shaft at the Bottom of Carder Low with Four Meers veins, or any one of them, was known as Carder Low Vein. The ranging West to J. Broomhead’s Stowes and Eighteen Meers following entry could refer to the complex of veins previously ranging East from the Shaft to Hartington Dale (01/09/1787: noted at SK 1331 6235, when the Barmaster Gave to William DRO D504 B/L 30). On this vein at SK 133 628 is a capped Kirkland for William Gould Three parallel Veins on the Top of engine shaft and adjacent gin circle. The details given by the Carder Low, late belonging to Thomas Pett, ranging East and Barmaster must be referring to this vein because if the length West with Nine Meers on the most Southwardly Vein and One of ground noted, 18 meers, is measured from the engine shaft Meer in some odd Holes at the West End of the Vein on the eastwards it terminates at the road side in Long Dale. Rieuwerts South Side. Also on the Middle Vein gave Four Meers and on the (2008) stated that Long Dale was once known as Hartington most Northwardly Vein gave Fourteen Meers and Two Meers on Dale. Although not recorded in the above freeing, at the date some odd Holes at the West End of the Vein on the North Side given John Robinson started to measure ore at Horse Step or Thereof (08/07/1778: DRO D504 B/L 30). Interestingly the 14 Carder Low Mine which identifies the site of the noted surface meers noted near the end of the entry match the length of vein features as such. This mine, from the available ore accounts, remaining at this location today. was one of the most productive within the Carder Low area (see Appendix 2). Lying about 150 yards to the south of Carder Low Vein, and on the southern flank of the hill, and running virtually parallel The surface features that survive on this vein are listed in to it is another vein which can be positively located, this being the Lead Legacy inventory (Item 76) which lists important Willfield or Wellfield Vein (Rieuwerts, 2008). This vein was Derbyshire lead mining sites according to their archaeological, recorded by the Barmaster in 1776 when he gave to Thomas Pett historical or ecological value (Barnatt and Penny, 2004). Nine Meers in an Old Vein called Willfield Vein (13/03/1776: DRO D504 B/L 30). This entry reveals little of the location of Surface evidence, in the form of a broad but compact area of the vein, but a later entry corrects this when the Barmaster Gave hillocks and hollows, survives on the foot of the eastern side to William Kirkland for William Gould Thirty-seven Meers on of Long Dale at SK 1385 6255 on the extreme eastern range a Vein called Willfield Vein ranging Eastwardly from the Dove of Horse Step Vein. The following mine could, on account of Side to about Two Meers below a Meer or Waterhole on the its name, be located here. In May 1786 the Barmaster Gave to East Side of Carder Low (20/04/1778: DRO D504 B/L 30). The Christopher Staley and Jasper Shimwell an Old Pipe or Vein conjectured western range of this vein would have terminated found out of Possession on Hartington Common called Stirrup on the eastern bank of the River Dove at about SK 1240 6238 to Stone with 2½ Meers ranging Westwardly and 5½ Meers the south of the major resurgence known as the Lud Well (Beck ranging Eastwardly from the East Founder (22/05/1786: DRO and Gill, 1991). Measuring eastwards from this point along D504 B/L 30). the range of the vein, for 37 meers, would terminate its eastern end, to the immediate south of a large pond or meer at SK 133 Slightly earlier another mine was freed on Carder Low and again 622. This meer is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1840 it is impossible to give it an exact location. In 1780 Samuel (Ordnance Survey, 1840). It appears from the surviving surface Bridden gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder on Carder remains, that the vein was never freed to the east beyond this Low called Have at All (11/05/1780: DRO D504 B/L 30). This point. In the following year The Proprietors of Willfield Mine mine produced just over 51 loads in 1780-1781 (Rieuwerts, gave one dish of ore to free an Old Founder called Willfield 2008). (17/12/1779: DRO D504 B/L 30). Sporadic and low output ore measurements were made for this vein in the mid to late 1700s Alongsidewww.pdmhs.com the minor Hartington to Pilsbury road and to the (Rieuwerts, 2008). south of Ludwell Farm is the obvious entrance to a mine level at SK 1251 6221. The level was begun in March 1862 by Samuel When the above Willfield Vein was given away in April 1778 Bonsall who gave one dish of ore to free Two Founder Meers the Barmaster Also gave Four Meers in a Vein called Waterhole in a New Vein discovered near to a sunk fence which separates Vein ranging East and West and lying East of Ludwell House land belonging to His Grace the Duke of Devonshire from land (20/04/1778: DRO D504 B/L 30). It is unclear where thisfrom vein is belonging to George Briggs of Ludwell Farm ranging Southeast located in relation to the known veins which survive on Carder and Northwest and called it Ludwell (29/03/1862: Chats. Dev. Low and also confusing to which buildings the Barmaster Coll. C Series 192). Just over a year later Samuel Bonsall sold classed as Ludwell House. The maps of c1614 (Chatsworth the mine to the Ludwell Mining Company for £50 (06/05/1863: maps 2062 & 2063) shows Ludwell House at SK 1230 6256 Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Only a very minuscule amount to the north of Ludwell Resurgence, at a site now marked by of lead ore was measured in 1868, probably associated with a field barn. Was there a vein located here, adjacent to the operations at the level (Rieuwerts, 2008). It is unclear if the resurgence, which was freed and never significantly worked? level was intended to intersect the Willfield or Wellfield Vein Rieuwerts (2008) notes that adjacent to the main water outflow, system at depth. If so then the level would have been about 700 at the resurgence, is a short mine level which terminates at a feet in length and intersected the vein at about 250 feet beneath rock forefield after a few yards. It is possible that this level was the surface. driven as a trial towards the Waterhole Vein, and that the vein is possibly named after the nearby powerful resurgence. A fairly Today, this large cross-section level is accessible for about 100 recent visit to the resurgence has discovered another high stope- feet until it is blocked by infill from a shaft on the hillside above. like passage, which is orientated differently from the former, Local information tells that the level was originally accessible and which appears to end after a few yards. The sides of the for a much longer length, but the information is scanty and at passage are coveredDownloaded in flowstone formations so no shot-holes present remains unproven. are evident (P. Shaw pers. comm.). In 1739 John Gilbert-Cooper of Locko, Derbyshire took a lease Alternatively the Barmaster could have referred to the original for 21 years from the Duke of Devonshire to mine copper, Ludwell Mill (now Ludwell Farm) at SK 1240 6231 as Ludwell calamine and iron on Hartington Common at Halfpenny Hole, House. If this is the case then Waterhole Vein could have been Eyns Hill and White Slack Head. Several years later £2 was in close proximity to the western end of Willfield Vein, on the paid for copper ore at Halfpenny Hole (Rieuwerts, 2008). The hillside, immediately to the east of Ludwell Farm. locations of these mines are unknown. Lying to the north of Carder Low Vein, on the northern flank A small amount of copper ore was obtained from Carder Low in of the hill, and running virtually parallel to Carder Low Vein, 1837 and later it was noted by Green (1887) that In the Ludwell is another vein that can be positively identified by the details Lead Mine…some pockets containing copper ore were found supplied by the Barmaster. In 1787 he Gave to John Robinson here and there (Rieuwerts, 2008).

35 (Above Left) Lead workings on the northern flank of Staker Hill near Harpur Hill, Buxton, Derbyshire (photo: J. Barnatt).

(Above Right) Entrance to a (blind?) level on the western flank of Hitter Hill. Earl Sterndale, Derbyshire (photo: D. Williams).

(Below Left) The lead veins on Hitter Hill looking west. Earl Sterndale, Derbyshire (photo: D. Williams).

(Below Right) Workings at the southern end of Upper Edge near Dowel Dale, Derbyshire (photo: D. Williams).

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36 Entrance to a mid~I9th century level on the western flank of Hitter Hill. Earl Sterndale, Derbyshire (photo: D. Williams).

Workings on Carder Low Veins. Carder Low near Hartington, Derbyshire (photo: D.Williams). www.pdmhs.com

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Downloaded Workings on Willfield or Wellfield Vein. Carder Low near Hartington, Derbyshire (photo: D. Williams).

37 Capped shaft within a ruinous coe on Willfield or Wellfield Vein. Carder Low near Hartington, Derbyshire (photo: D. Williams).

Workings on Willfield or Wellfield Vein. Carder Low near Hartington, www.pdmhs.comDerbyshire (photo: D.Williams).

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Downloaded Workings on Sparr Rake or Crow Dale Vein near the ruined Pilsbury Upper Barn, Pilsbury, Derbyshire (photo: D. Williams).

38 The workings to the northeast and east of Hartington separate Veins ranging Southwest and Nine Meers on each The limestone plateau to the northeast and east of the village ranging Northeast from the Founder (01/09/1791: DRO D504 contains many short lead veins. The majority are unlocated, B/L 30). but a few, using locational details given by the Barmaster, can be placed with confidence. The area in the vicinity of Biggin Four years later he Gave to Thomas Wheeldon a New Vein on (centred SK 155 595), to the southeast of Hartington, was also Hartington Common called Lucky with Twelve Meers ranging known as Hartington Common or occasionally as Hartington Northwestwardly and Twelve Meers ranging Southeastwardly Nether Common. The mines and veins which are known to be from the Founder (18/12/1795: DRO D504 B/L 30). located around Biggin will be dealt with later. In 1799 the Barmaster Viewed for William Redfearn of Flagg The prominent hill called Lean Low is located at SK 150 623 Nine Meers on a New Vein discovered by getting stone on to the northeast of Hartington. The geological map (sheet 111) Hartington Common. Six Meers Northwest and Three Meers shows two northwest to southeast trending lead veins at SK 1480 Southeast from the Founder in the Stone Pitt (26/06/1799: DRO 6261 on the northern flank of the hill. The Barmaster noted that D504 B/L 30). The mine was freed in September and named as in early 1804 he gave to Joseph Gould Thirty Meers on two Redfearn’s Venture (30/09/1799: DRO D504 B/L 30). Veins on Hartington Common called Lean Low Rakes ranging Northwest and Southeast (17/03/1804: DRO D504 B/L 30). It is The lead and ironstone workings in Hand Dale highly likely that these are the veins shown on the map. At SK 1455 6113 is the conspicuous entrance to a large level driven in a generally northwardly direction. This level, known Just one month earlier the same man freed other ground which as the Hartington Level Mine, was started in 1861 - 1862 by the could be located near to Lean Low Rakes. In February the Derbyshire Ironstone Company. In May 1862 Nelson Boyd gave Barmaster gave to Joseph Gould two Veins called Clay Pit Rake for the Derbyshire Ironstone Company one dish to free Two upon Hartington Common with Fourteen Meers on the upper Founder Meers in a New Vein discovered by them in a Level Vein ranging Northwest from the road leading from Hartington driven for the purpose of getting Ironstone in Ann Dale (Hand to Moniash and Two Meers ranging Southeast from the said road. Dale) ranging East and West and they called it Hartington Also gave Sixteen Meers on the nether Vein ranging Northwest Level Mine…(28/05/1862: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). The from the said road (18/02/1804: DRO D504 B/L 30). Sheepbridge Iron Company later worked the mine for iron ore. The ore consisted of limonite and earthy haematite (Rieuwerts, To the immediate west of Lean Low Rakes at SK 142 625 are a 2008). series of old disused silica clay pits. Running between the clay pits was a trackway that appears to be part of an almost direct In the 1861 census for Hartington Town and Nether Quarters route from Hartington (via Long Dale) to Monyash (via Parsley seven men were Ironstone Getters or Miners, these were: William Hay). Could this be the road mentioned by the Barmaster? Two Bosley, Thomas Fogg, Thomas, George and Peter Heatherston, references, the first of 1684 relating to Clay Meer and the second Robert Olliver and Thomas Palfreyman. These men resided at which dates from 1735 referring to Clea Mear could concern Hartington (2), Handale (2), Heathcote (2) and Biggin (1) (D. the same location, although this is uncertain (J. Rieuwerts pers. Williams pers. comm.). comm). The accessible passages within this level are described by Beck Situated mid distance between the hamlet of Heathcote and and Gill (1991) who incorrectly named the level the Hartington Friden is a prominent hill called End Low (SK 156 606). The Moorwww.pdmhs.com Farm Adit. geological map (sheet 111) shows a northwest to southeast trending lead vein at SK 156 608 on the northern flank of the Workings to the east of the River Dove hill and to the east of the minor road from Heathcote to the Lead veins were freed on the eastern (Hartington Liberty = A515 Buxton to Ashbourne road. The following entry could Derbyshire) side of the River Dove. One of the locations of these be referring to this vein when the Barmaster Gave to Samuel can be positively identified. Maps of the Manor of Hartington Briddon an Old Founder called End Low One Meerfrom ranging dated 1614 (Chatsworth maps 2062 & 2063) show a field at Westwardly and Seven Meers ranging Eastwardly (11/05/1780: SK 128 594 on the southern flank of the prominent limestone DRO D504 B/L 30). Further to the northwest the vein was hill called Pennilow, to the south of Hartington village, which intersected by the Hartington Station Quarry (centred SK 150 at that time was known as the Dowflatte (=Dove Flatt). The 613) and slightly further along its range the vein crosses the following entry, which dates from 1781, could be referring to a disused C&HPR close to the viaduct which spans Hand Dale vein freed within this parcel of land, when the Barmaster Gave at SK 1491 6125. When the viaduct was being constructed William Marsh and Thomas Berrisford an Old Founder called in 1897/8 and whilst the foundations for the piers were being Speedwell in Dove Flatts with Four Meers ranging Westwardly excavated, the navvies uncovered some old mine workings that and Four Meers ranging Eastwardly. Also gave a Cross Vein contained the skeletons of miners who had been trapped and with Three Meers ranging Southwardly and Two Meers ranging died underground following a roof fall (R. Carr pers. comm.). Northwardly from the Founder (27/12/1781: DRO D504 B/L This must be referring to workings on the western range of 30). The field has been greatly ‘improved’ therefore no remains End Low Vein. It is possibly that the westerly continuation of of the vein can be seen at surface. this vein was freed later in 1862 by the Derbyshire Ironstone Company in their workings at the Hartington Level Mine in A later entry suggests that another vein was freed further south Hand Dale (see below). of the above vein, somewhere in the vicinity of Beresford Hall Downloaded (SK 127 590) which is on the western (Staffordshire) bank of The exact locations of the following mines and veins remain the River Dove, when the Barmaster gave to Samuel Heathcote unknown, although all are situated somewhere on Hartington of Hartington a Vein near Beresford Hall called Venter with Five Common. Meers ranging West and Thirteen Meers ranging East from the Founder Shaft in the Coe (19/07/1796: DRO D504 B/L 30). The In 1789 the Barmaster Gave to Thomas Cantrell an Old Founder exact location of this vein remains unknown but it is clear that it called Broomhill Top on Hartington Common with Five Meers was located on the eastern (Derbyshire) bank of the river. ranging Southwardly and Five Meers ranging Northwardly from the Founder (28/08/1789: DRO D504 B/L 30). The location of the following vein remains unknown. The Barmaster gave to John Robinson a New Founder called Two years later he Gave to John Stone an Old Founder called Fear Nobody with Twenty Meers ranging Eastwardly and Ten Beetneed on Hartington Common with Eighteen Meers on two Meers to the River Dove ranging Westwardly from the Founder (28/07/1787: DRO D504 B/L 30).

39 The lead and ironstone workings in Long Dale near Friden in a Vein situate in Friden Farm beginning at an Old Mine Hole This dale (centred SK 188 605) which is the northwestern on the West Side of the Railway. Two Meers Southeast and Ten branch of Gratton Dale, should not be confused with Long Dale Meers Northwest from the said Hole (24/10/1842: Chats. Dev. (centred SK 138 616) situated further to the west and to the Coll. C Series 158). The Ordnance Survey map of 1899 shows a northeast of Hartington. large shaft hillock at SK 1672 6099 to the north of Friden Grange (now Friden Refractory Brick Works) and to the immediate west There are several early references to mining occurring in of the disused trackbed of the Cromford and High Peak Railway Longdale or ffrydingedale during the late 1600s to early 1700s. (now the ). This is most likely to be the location George Webster had a grove in frydingedale bottom from where referred to by the Barmaster. The site of the shaft has today been he obtained great quantities of Oar. Other mines were located encroached on by the nearby Brick Works and nothing remains beneath the Streete on the Long Dale side and near Whitelow or to be seen at surface. Whorelow (J. Rieuwerts pers. comm.). The locations of these in or near Long Dale is unclear. The following entry concerns a vein which was freed from the location of a known feature. In mid-1800 Emmanuel Gollin There are several later entries which refer to lead mining within was given, by the Barmaster a Vein on Hartington Moor with and around the dale, with the first occurring in mid 1796 when Eight Meers ranging West from the North Side of the Meer near the Barmaster Gave to Samuel Heathcote of Hartington an Newhaven House. Also gave a Cross Vein near to the West End Old Founder on the South Side of Long Dale with Ten Meers with Four Meers each way from the Pee (24/06/1800: DRO Southeast and Five Meers Northwest from the Founder. Also D504 B/L 30). The meer or pond lay to the north of the buildings gave Fifteen Meers on a Cross Vein ranging West from the Long at SK 1655 6012. The adjacent fields have been improved and Dale Fence (13/06/1796: DRO D504 B/L 30). The location nothing remains at surface. of this vein is uncertain but a later entry could be referring to the same location, when it is noted that the Barmaster gave to The area around Newhaven (centred SK 166 603) has been Robert Staley and Emmanuel Gollin an Old Founder in the the scene of much activity for many years in the extraction Long Dale Rake with Four Meers ranging Southeast to Gratton of refractory sands for usage in the Friden Brick Works (SK Liberty and Ten Meers ranging Northwest from the Founder 170 608). These pits also contain grey, yellow and red clays (26/03/1799: DRO D504 B/L 30). and mudstones that were the source of the ‘colour’ and pigment minerals worked so extensively in the immediate area (Rieuwerts, On the Ordnance Survey map (Ordnance Survey, 1840) which 2008). There are a total of twenty-six of these pits around the dates from 1840 an Ironstone Mine is shown located at the Newhaven, Blakemoor and Hartington Moor areas. They vary head of Long Dale (SK 176 609), adjacent to the minor road in size from large excavations (Green Lane Pits: centred SK 165 from Friden to Middleton, and due west of Little Bolderstone 625) to smaller ones (East of Long Dale: centred SK 145 625). Plantation. It now appears that the presence of this red or yellow iron oxide mineral at this location could have been known in the The first definite reference to the freeing of ground occurs in late 1500s (Rieuwerts, 2008). A map of disputed land around 1800 when the Barmaster Gave to Charles Smith Possession Newhaven dated 1599 (PRO. MP C214) shows Raddlepitt of two White Ore Mines near Newhaven called Prosperous and Knowle and Raddlepitt Slack. The map is difficult to correlate Providence (15/05/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30). The ‘White Ore’ with modern day features but Raddlepitt Slack and Knowle could or cerussite noted here was sometimes known as wheatstone or be at the head of Long Dale at the site of the later Ironstone wheat-ore by the Derbyshire miners. The ore was raised in small Mine. Only two references have been found concerning this butwww.pdmhs.com commercial quantities, in the 18th century, at Hubberdale mine, with the first dating from 1801 when the Barmaster gave Mine near Flagg and at Ball Eye Mine at Bonsall (Rieuwerts, to Emmanuel Gollin the Iron Mine at the Top of Long Dale with 1998). Just ten days later the Barmaster gave to Charles Smith Eight Meers ranging North and Eight Meers ranging South from Twelve Meers in a New Vein at Newhaven called Prosperous the Middle of the Works (01/07/1801: DRO D504 B/L 30) and ranging West from the Founder Shaft and Twelve Meers ranging six years later the same man was given the Mine at Long Dale East from the Shaft (26/05/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30). Just over a Head called the Iron Mine with Twelve Meers Southeastfrom and year later and both mines, Prosperous and Providence, were under Three Meers Northwest from the Founder (27/08/1807: DRO new ownership when the Barmaster Gave Emmanuel Gollin the D504 B/L 30). New White Ore Mine called Prosperous near Newhaven with Four Meers ranging South and Four Meers ranging North from The lead and ‘colour’ mineral workings near Friden the Founder Shaft. Also gave him all the Clay and Colour Mines Many lead mines have been worked around Friden with the near thereunto. Also gave a Cross Vein with Two Meers each greater majority lying adjacent to the junction of the A5012 way from the Pee near the middle of the Ground. Also gave the Newhaven to Grangemill road and the A515 Buxton to Old Founder called Providence with Four Meers North and Ashbourne road (centred SK 166 603). During more recent Four Meers South from the Founder (01/07/1801: DRO D504 times the road layout here has been altered to accommodate the B/L 30). It is puzzling why the direction of the meers given for opening of large pits to remove silica sand infill. The Ordnance Prosperous Mine in 1800 differs from that of 1801. Survey map of 1899 (Derbyshire sheet XXVIII - 13.) shows the original layout and a total of four lead mines, three in Cabins Six years later Emmanuel Gollin was given a Mine near Plantation (SK 1665 6025) and one in Washmere Plantation (SK Newhaven called the Colour Mine with Five Meers Southeast 1672 6015). Cabins Plantation no longer exists and Washmere and Four Meers Northwest from the Founder (27/08/1807: Plantation is the site of Newhaven caravan park. More will be DRO D504 B/L 30) and only ten days later the same ground was said concerningDownloaded the mines in this locality later. given to William Hadfield for Messrs. Wheeldon and Webster of …(07/09/1807: DRO D504 B/L 30). Wheeldon and The following entries concern a mine whose position can be Webster owned a colour works at Derby and during 1809 about positively identified. The Barmaster George Wagstaff with 132 tons of ‘Mineral’ (red and yellow clays) had been transported Francis Milner, one of the Grand Jury or Twentyfour Men, put to the works (Rieuwerts, 2008). This ‘colour mine’ must have William Ashmore into Possession of Ten Meers in a Vein situate been closely associated with the above noted Prosperous and in Friden Farm beginning at an Old Shaft on the West side of Provident Mines. the Railway. Four Meers Southwest and Six Meers Northeast from the said Shaft (17/05/1835: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series Josiah , the world famous potter, based in Stoke-on- 158). Seven years later and it appears that adjacent meers were Trent, Staffordshire, had a clay pit at Newhaven during the same freed but on this occasion the range of the vein is orientated period as the above, although its exact location is uncertain. It differently, which probably notes that it is in fact on a cross vein. is first noted when the Barmaster Gave to Samuel Heywood Six The entry reads George Wagstaff and George Housley, put Peter Meers in two parallel veins ranging North and South from Mr. Redfearn and George Housley into Possession of Twelve Meers Wedgewood’s Clay Pit near Newhaven and Nine Meers in a

40 Vein ranging Northwest and Southeast near Mr. Greenwood’s Southwardly from the Founder (30/09/1786: DRO D504 B/L Gateway and Five Meers in a Vein supposed to be parallel with 30). A detailed report on the mine, on the eastern dale side, has the last. Gave Six Meers in a Great Cross Vein ranging North been published previously (Pearce et al., 1984 ) which describes and South out of the Great Clay Pit and Five Meers on another the accessible underground passages, surface features, known Vein going out of the same Pit ranging Northwest and Southeast history and the range of the several veins that cross the valley (20/05/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30) and a month later the same generally from east to west. They show Harehole Vein ranging man was given Six Meers in a Vein called Clay Vein ranging from the valley floor at SK 1931 5959 (Hartington/Brassington East and West from Mr. Wedgewood’s Great Clay Pit near liberty boundary) in a northwestwardly direction up the western Newhaven House (19/06/1800: DRO D504 B/L 30). dale side and continuing into the fields above to terminate at SK 1907 5978 alongside a field wall. This length matches the Many years later in 1874 the Barmaster, John Wagstaff, notes meers noted in the above entry and interestingly, at SK 1921 that William Pett, publican, and George Pett, lead miner, both of 5968 on the range of the vein and in the field above the western Biggin, gave one dish of Ore to free Two Founder Meers in a New dale side, the Ordnance Survey map of 1899 (Derbyshire Vein situate in a Plantation on the East Side of the Newhaven sheet XXXIII - 2.) shows a small rectangular enclosure which Fairground and called it Discovery….Gave them 5 Meers of contains two closely spaced shafts noted as Old Lead Mine. The Ground. 3 Meers ranging East…..2 Meers West…(14/04/1874: most northwardly shaft is exactly five meers (145 yards) from Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Three years later the above the wall in the dale bottom suggesting that it is the founder shaft named men sold to William Bowman, Managing Director and on Harehole Vein as noted in the above entry. The significance Trustee for the Hartington Moor Lead Mining Company Limited of the more southerly shaft will be discussed below. of Middleton-by-Youlgreave, all of their Title to the Discovery Lead Mine near Newhaven House, for £100 (13/10/1877: Chats. Towards the end of 1786 the vein was re-freed by the same man, Dev. Coll. C Series 192). but on this occasion an alternative name for the vein was given Gave Paul Staley Three old shafts on Harehole or Mouldridge The following year saw more ground freed on a parallel vein Pipe near the fence which divides Hartington from Brassington adjacent to Discovery Mine when William Bowman for the Liberty and within Hartington Liberty (09/12/1786: DRO D504 Hartington Moor Mining Company Limited gave one dish B/L 30). One year later and the vein was again re-freed with of Ore to free Two Founder Meers in a New Vein situate in a additional ground when the Barmaster Gave to Samuel Stone young Plantation lately enclosed from the Common where the Two Old Founders called Hareholes and Butchers Venture and Newhaven Fairs are held and called it Gypsy Park….Gave them Three shafts near Brassington Liberty Fence with Fifteen Meers 50 Meers of Ground. 25 Meers East on the North Side of the on the Hareholes or Mouldridge Pipe ranging Northwardly from Discovery Mine and 25 Meers West (08/04/1878: Chats. Dev. the Wall which divides Hartington from Brassington Liberty Coll. C Series 192). (08/12/1787: DRO D504 B/L 30). The range of Hareholes Vein/Mouldridge Pipe has already been described. The above Later in the same year ground was freed on two veins which detailed report (Pearce et al., 1984) shows Butchers Venture Vein must lie in close proximity to the above Discovery and Gypsy branching southeastwardly from Hareholes Vein/Mouldridge Park Mines. The Barmaster gave to William Bowman 50 Meers Pipe within the already noted rectangular enclosure (SK 1921 in an Old Vein called Cabins Pipe beginning at an old shaft on 5968) to the west of the dale. It seems that the most southerly the North Edge of a young Plantation, which was lately Haven shaft within the enclosure is the founder shaft of Butchers Common….25 Meers West and 25 Meers East…..Gave him 50 Venture Vein. Meers in an old vein called Cabins Rake lying on the North www.pdmhs.com Side and running parallel with Cabins Pipe Vein…..ranging 25 Almost ten years later and the final freeing of ground at this Meers East and 25 Meers West (09/12/1878: Chats. Dev. Coll. location was given to William Hadfield an Old Founder in C Series 192). Cabins Plantation was located at SK 1665 6025 Mouldridge called Old Mouldridge with Eight Meers from but no longer exists. the Boundary fence of Brassington Liberty ranging North (11/04/1797: DRO D504 B/L 30). Pearce et al. (1984) show that In 1890 William Bowman sold to William and Georgefrom Pett and this vein lies to the west of the previous veins and the present Thomas Pett Sims, all of their Right and Title to Discovery, day entrance adit to the mine is located on its southerly range Cabins and other mines called ‘The Hartington Moor Lead within Brassington Liberty. Mines’, for the sum of £5 (09/12/1890: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Over 90 years later ground was again freed at Mouldridge when the Barmaster gave to Benjamin Buckley and Samuel Parr 28 An interesting item is recorded in the geological memoir for the Meers in an Old Vein called Mouldridge West Pipe beginning Newhaven area (Aitkenhead et al., 1985). It states that Howe at the West end of Mouldridge Mine….Gave them 28 Meers in (1897, p. 145) noted the existence of six pits and a disused mine an Old Vein called Mouldridge West Rake….and ranging near shaft here. The deposits were recorded as ‘clean white sand to and parallel with the West Pipe Vein (23/07/1878: Chats. and yellowish sand and clay’ with few pebbles. The Washmere Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Several years later the ground was Pit (1683 6025), now filled in, was at 48m the deepest in the sold to other members of the Buckley family of Middleton-by- area (Yorke, 1961, p. 27) and a mine shaft sunk into the deposit Wirksworth. reached 64m below surface without encountering the wall rock (Howe, 1920, p. 169). The following mines near Pikehall cannot be located Gave to John Webster a number of Old Holes in Hurdlow Piece in Workings at DownloadedPikehall and Mouldridge George Webster’s Farm near Pikehall called the Flatt with Mouldridge Mine at SK 1935 5961 is located in a tributary side Twelve Meers Northwest from the Fence on the South Side of valley in the extreme upper reaches of Gratton Dale. The pipe that piece of Ground (20/11/1805: DRO D504 B/L 30). Also vein workings on the eastern (Brassington Liberty) side of the Rising Sun Mine near Pike Hall was recorded in 1745 when dale are well known to generations of cavers and mine explorers. Thomas and George Barker had a 1/6th share (J. Rieuwerts pers. The western side of the dale is within Hartington Liberty with comm.). the wall in the dale bottom being the boundary between the two liberties, therefore all the following entries concern the veins Workings to the south of Biggin that exist on the western side of the dale. The land to the south of Biggin (centred SK 155 580) contains a complex of veins in the area known generally as Hartington The first entry that concerns mines in this area dates from Nether Quarter. The location of the following is slightly 1786 when the Barmaster Gave to Paul Staley an Old Founder confusing when the Barmaster At the Request of Mr. John near Mouldridge called Harehole with Two Meers ranging Moseley I viewed a Founder Meer of Ground in a Vein called Northwardly and Five Meers to the Brassington Liberty ranging Madge Torr Rake near Biggin. Viewed Twelve Meers of Ground

41 ranging Westwardly and Twentyfour Meers ranging Eastwardly Manor of Hartington commencing at the Shaft in the Coe at the from the Founder (23/06/1775: DRO D504 B/L 30). This could end of Anthony Pett’s Title and ranging West to the East Side of be a reference to Madge or Mudge Dale (SK 133 614) which is the Highway leading to Biggin (17/10/1832: Chats. Dev. Coll. C situated on the minor Hide Lane, north of Hartington village. Series 158.). The ‘Highway’ is known today as Liffs Road and Was Madge Torr a natural limestone outcrop atop the western the vein ranged to the east from this road from SK 1523 5793 edge of the nearby Long Dale? to the ‘Shaft in the Coe’ at SK 1569 5791, and from here to the western boundary of the disused railway (now Tissington Trail) The location of Swine Pitt Rake, first recorded in 1692 in a at SK 1613 5793. Just three weeks later Abraham Heywood sold description of land belonging to the Earl of Rutland, can be his recently acquired title to Thomas Gosling, William Higton, positively located to the southeast of Biggin. The vein was James Gosling, George Higton, Ralph Adams and George later recorded in 1720 during a dispute at the mine and ore Higton jnr., all of Wetton, Eight Meers in the Green Rake Vein was measured here in the 1770s and 1850s-1860s (Rieuwerts, for the sum of £6 (10/11/1832: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 158.). 2008). Two years later and the following surface feature is mentioned when Abraham Heywood and John Sheldon, two of the Grand The entries given by the Barmaster, concerning this vein, are Jury or Twenty-four Men, laid out a Road from the Green Rake confusing in the directional details given and at present these Founder down by the West Wall of Featherstone Moor Pingle remains unsolved. The first entry dates from 1784 when the to the Cheap Side Highway (07/09/1834: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Barmaster Gave to William Derbyshire a Mine on Hartington Series 158.). The exact location of the road remains unclear. It Common called Swine Pitt Rake with Three Meers ranging certainly went from the rake in a northerly direction to the Cheap Westwardly and Ten Meers ranging Eastwardly from the Founder Side Highway (now Back Lane). The early entry of 1832 which (02/12/1784: DRO D504 B/L 30). Twelve years later the ground refers to the ‘Shaft in the Coe’ located at SK 1569 5791, could is again given away to Joseph Bowers an Old Founder called be the founder shaft, or alternatively, located within the Green Swine Pitt Rake with Twelve Meers on Two separate Veins Rake Plantation at SK 1578 5792 and shown on the Ordnance ranging Eastwardly and Twelve Meers ranging Westwardly from Survey map of 1899 (Derbyshire Sheet XXXIII - 5), is a shaft the Founder. Gave Three Veins lying on the South Side with Six and Old Lead Mine. The mine road could have been laid out Meers on each ranging Southeastwardly and Three Veins on the from any of these locations. North Side with Six Meers on each ranging Northwestwardly (18/04/1796: DRO D504 B/L 30). From these two entries it Lying to the north of Green Rake Vein and Back Lane is a vein that appears that Swine Pitt Rake is orientated from east to west is frequently mentioned by the Barmaster, this being Cobseats with branch veins radiating from its north and south sides. The (sometimes Copseats) Vein. The vein was first recorded in 1692 following, much later entry gives the orientation of the rake in when Samuel Jackson of Alstonefield and Richard Roberts held a different direction altogether George Wagstaff with Francis shares in the mine. Later, the mine was mentioned in a dispute Milner, put Anthony Pett and Partners into Possession of Forty- during 1725. Ore was measured at the mine during the 1730s, six Meers in an Old Vein called Swine Pitt Rake beginning at 1760s and the 1860s-1870s, although during these periods the Engine Shaft in a field in the occupation of Ann Derbyshire. miniscule amounts were raised (Rieuwerts 2008). Twenty-one Meers Southwest and Twenty-five Meers Northwest from the Engine Shaft (18/07/1836: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series The vein was recorded in 1793 when the Barmaster gave to Isaac 158.). A much later entry of 1906 (Rieuwerts, 2008) confirms, Hoads an Old Vein called Cobseats with Thirty Meers East from with the latter entry, the orientation of the veins and also notes the Turnpike Road to the Liberties end and Forty Meers from the position of the engine shaft when it was set out Commencing thewww.pdmhs.com Turnpike Road ranging West. Gave two Veins more North at the Old Engine Shaft…ranging South Westwardly for with Twenty Meers on each ranging East and Twenty Meers Eighteen Meers…to the East Boundary fence of the High Peak ranging West from the Turnpike Road. Gave a Cross Vein with Railway (very near to) the Southern Boundary of the Liberty of Four Meers South from Cobseats (21/12/1793: DRO D504 B/ Hartington, also commencing at the said Old Engine Shaft and L 30). The turnpike road noted is the modern A515 Buxton to ranging…North Easterly…for Twenty-seven Meers. The engine Ashbourne road. Cobseats Vein crosses this road, from east to shaft, by using the measurements given, would havefrom been west, at SK 1666 5839 to the south of Mount Pleasant Farm. located at SK 1632 5781 to the southwest of Bigginmoor Farm. The measurement given, thirty meers (870 yards) east from this In this area very eroded hillocks and hollows survive on the road, corresponds exactly to where the vein crosses the boundary range of the vein. The southwestern end of the vein terminated between Hartington and Brassington Liberties. In late 1807 the at SK 1601 5749 where the southern boundary of Hartington ground to the east of the was freed by Hugh Bateman Liberty intersects the eastern wall of the disused railway (now Esq., Twelve Meers on the Cobseats Vein ranging East from Tissington Trail), as described by the Barmaster in 1906. The the Turnpike Road (09/12/1807: DRO D504 B/L 30). A long northeastern end of the vein terminates at SK 1681 5841 in the length of the vein was freed in early 1808, but on this occasion fields to the east of Mount Pleasant Farm. it was to the west of the road when the Barmaster Gave Samuel Tiddall Fifty Meers upon the Cobseats Vein ranging West from Lying to the west of Swine Pitt Rake and located in the the Turnpike Road (15/03/1808: DRO D504 B/L 30). appropriately named Green Rake Plantation (SK 1580 5795) is Green Rake. Records for this vein date back to 1725 during In 1857 William Wild of Biggin sold to Job Marshall, John a minor argument heard in the Hartington Barmote Court. Ore Webster, William Moseley and Abraham Marshall, all of Elton, was measured, sporadically, at Green Rake during the 18th and a Mine called Slack Side Rake in the Parish of Biggin, for 18/- 19th centuries although output was insignificant (Rieuwerts, (08/04/1857: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). This is an isolated 2008). The veinDownloaded was first noted in 1793 when the Barmaster reference to this working. Its exact location is unknown. Gave to Isaac Hoads Twenty Meers in a Vein near Newhaven called the Green Rake Vein ranging East from the Founder At the foot of the steep eastern side of Biggin Dale at SK 1425 (21/12/1793: DRO D504 B/L 30). Nine years later the vein 5748 is the obvious entrance to a mine level (shown as Cave is recorded again when Robert Broomhead was given an Old on modern OS maps). The level was driven by gunpowder, the Founder in the Green Rake on Hartington Nether Common with walls trimmed by typical sweeping pick-work and it is about Eighteen Meers ranging Eastwardly and Six Meers ranging 150-170 feet in length. It appears to be a trial working. Nothing Westwardly from the Founder. Also gave Six Meers in a Vein is known historically concerning the level (Rieuwerts, 2008). on the South Side (03/05/1802: DRO D504 B/L 30). In March 1808 the Barmaster Gave to Samuel Tiddall Twenty Meers To the southeast of Biggin Moor Farm are several large rough on the Green Rake ranging East and West (23/03/1808: DRO pasture fields (centred SK 168 577) that feature in the Barmaster D504 B/L 30). Nearly 30 years later John Sheldon, one of the entries. In 1858 the Barmaster gave to Joseph Heathcote Grand Jury or Twenty-four Men, put Abraham Heywood into 13 Meers in a Vein commencing at the Wall that separates Possession of Eight Meers in the Green Rake Vein within the Parwich and Biggin Liberties…..on the South Side of the lane

42 leading from Parwich to Newhaven ranging Northwestwardly programmes have removed or covered any remains that may to the Buxton to Ashbourne Turnpike Road and called it have survived. A large field (centred SK 041 749) located on Hopewell…..13 Meers….called Speedwell….18 Meers…..called the western flank of Grin Hill contains at least one isolated shaft Provewell…..19 Meers…..called Dowell…..19 Meers….called mound composed of gangue minerals. This shaft located at SK Paywell…..24 Meers…..called Diligence…..and 7 Meers….. 0419 7188 lies adjacent to the public footpath that follows the called Providence (17/06/1858: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). course of the c1726 turnpike road. The field also contains many The surface expressions of some of these parallel veins are still surface features associated with lime burning activities and it is to be seen. particularly difficult to differentiate between these and any lead mining features. Workings on The Liffs This prominent hill (centred SK 152 578) lies to the immediate Anthony Hill Running downhill on the steep western scarp of west of Liffs Lane to the southwest of Biggin village. The hill Anthony Hill, and ranging from east to west, is a solitary lead is the site of several short parallel veins trending northwest to vein. On its eastern range within the flat fields on the summit southeast. Only one entry has been found recording mining at of the hill are located two fairly large shaft mounds of sinking this location. In 1868 Francis Elijah Bloore and Henry Flint dirt and limestone rubble (SK 0467 7099). On its western range, gave one dish of ore to free Two Founder Meers in a New and located alongside the eastern boundary wall of the disused Vein discovered in a pasture field in the Biggin Green Farm (and empty) Stanley Moor Reservoir, the vein appears to widen and ranging Southeast and Northwest and called it Liffs after into a possible flat-work type deposit that has been worked from the hill on which it is situate….gave 2 Meers Southeast…and the surface (SK 0448 7105). The uppermost end of this wide 18 Meers Northwest. Laid a Road out in a direct line from the shallow depression is crossed by a public footpath. Founder Shaft to the Highway (Liffs Lane) leading from Biggin to Ashbourne (31/07/1868: Chats. Dev. Coll. C Series 192). Situated on the steep hillside and crossing this vein from north Nothing else is known about the mine’s history. to south is another smaller vein. At SK 0459 7102 is a very narrow shallow opencut into the vein and alongside a field wall Surface Remains at SK 0461 7105 is an isolated shaft mound on the northern This section describes the many surface remains that are to be range of the vein. seen on the numerous lead workings described within this paper. It must be stressed that the geological map (Buxton sheet 111) The Frith The surface remains here comprise a wide belt of does not show all the lead veins that are known to be present hillocks and hollows which appear to be enclosed by a very within the area. A large number have been located by using ruinous belland yard wall on the western flank of Staker aerial photographs, public footpaths and areas of Open Access Hill (centred SK 066 700). No open shafts are evident at this land while some can only be viewed from a distance. This is location. Further to the west, on the range of the vein, are a stated in each individual description. Where possible, and for linear series of four probable shaft mounds that could be purely clarity, the veins will be described from north to south and from of exploratory origin. Continuing west, and adjacent to a small east to west. If surface remains are located on private land then limestone quarry, at SK 0645 7013 is a moderate sized mound the appropriate permission to visit the site should be gained with central shaft hollow. from the respective landowner beforehand. The remains on Staker Hill are adjacent to both a public footpath Grin Hill (eastern) Running obliquely downhill from the eastern and a bridleway. side of Temple Plantation and terminating within the lower www.pdmhs.com Hillside Plantation are the surface remains associated with a Knatdale. The remains here are very sparse indeed being a lead vein or possible sough level which ranges from east to west solitary shaft mound in the dale floor with a very narrow opencut (Rieuwerts, 2007, 2008). The remains consist of six mounds of lying adjacent (SK 0525 6999). sinking dirt, mainly comprised of limestone rubble with a small amount of gangue material. Within Hillside Plantation a solitary The remains here can be observed from the embankment of the small diameter circular shaft remains open and appearsfrom to be disused C&HPR which is now a public footpath. about 10-15 feet deep to rubble fill or blockage (SK 0569 7171). Adjacent to the uppermost shaft mound, alongside Temple Greenside At SK 0700 6877 to the north of Greenside Farm are Plantation, is a shallow fairly wide opencut (being actively filled the remains on a vein orientated northwest to southeast. The with farm debris) that is located on a cross vein which trends surface remains consist of untouched hillocks and hollows. At from north to south. A short distance downhill to the south is the northwestern end of the vein it is crossed by another vein a small mound with a central depression that could be a shaft which trends downhill to the southwest. located on the range of the cross vein. These remains are adjacent to a public footpath. The remains here can be viewed from the several footpaths that traverse the area. At SK 0701 6851 to the northeast of Greensides Farm are the undisturbed hillocks and hollows on a vein that ranges from Grin Hill (summit) A short length of vein survives at SK 054 southeast to northwest. The hillocks in the central portion of the 718 amongst an area of shallow disused limestone quarries to vein appear to be quite large and could contain much gangue the west of Grin Low Tower (Solomon’s Temple). The surface mineral (only viewed from a distance). features here comprise of a series of five small diameter circular shafts that areDownloaded on a vein ranging from east to west. All have been At SK 0708 6847 to the east of the farm buildings are hillocks filled with limestone rubble but one shows a small portion of on a vein which trends from east to west. The surface features ginging at the top. Further to the west at SK 051 717 is another of the vein appear to have been removed on the western range of circular ginged shaft that again has been filled almost to the top. the vein near to the buildings (only viewed from a distance). Nearby and to the east are possibly several more filled shafts, marked by a linear series of hollows, that could be on a western At SK 0718 6837 to the southeast of the farm a vein is seen extension of the same vein. ranging down the hillside from east to west. The surface remains appear to be undisturbed and comprise of a short length of linear The remains here are located adjacent to the network of public hillocks and hollows (only viewed from a distance). footpaths which criss-cross Grin Hill. The last three veins are all located on Open Access land. Grin Hill (western) Although many lead veins were freed in Unfortunately a reasonable and easily accessible way into this this area, subsequent limestone quarrying and lime burning area is lacking. activities, housing developments and land restoration

43 Upper Edge At SK 074 689 on the northern flank of Upper The surface features that survive on this vein are noted in The Edge are a series of four short parallel veins orientated from east Lead Legacy inventory (Item 74) which lists important Derbyshire to west. They appear to remain untouched (only viewed using lead mining sites according to their archaeological, historical or aerial photographs). ecological value (Barnatt and Penny, 2004). At SK 077 685 the prominent vein called Gingerbread Rake trends Carder Low (north) This prominent vein on the northern flank of from north to south along the crest of Upper Edge. The remains Carder Low is now known to be the site of Horse Step mine. The here consist of a line of hillocks and hollows (only viewed using linear line of large hillocks and hollows contain at one point, mid- aerial photographs). way along the vein, (SK 1322 6285) the remains of a gin circle with ruined surrounding wall, two ore dressing ponds and a large At SK 0795 6778 at the foot of the steep southern flank of Upper ruinous coe which overlies the gin circle wall (only viewed from Edge are the remains of two closely parallel veins that range from a distance). east to west. Here the untouched hillocks and hollows and several shallow opencuts into the northern vein have exposed the northern The surface features which survive on this vein are noted in wall of the vein. The area is enclosed within a triangle of land in a The Lead Legacy inventory (Item 76) which lists important field corner. Two field walls make two sides and a ruinous belland Derbyshire lead mining sites according to their archaeological, yard wall forms the other. These veins are located adjacent to a historical or ecological value (Barnatt and Penny, 2004). public footpath. Carder Low (central) At SK 1325 6239 is a compact area of three Jericho At SK 088 679 to the north of the cluster of buildings closely parallel veins now identified as the Carder Low Veins. at Jericho and at the foot of the steep western flank of Hindlow Here the remains consist of untouched hillocks and hollows are the surface remains of Fortunate, Sterndale or Jericho Mine. surrounded by a very ruinous wall. One opencut as been partly Here the hillocks of this north to south orientated vein remain filled with farm debris. The site is crossed by a public footpath. untouched. At the mid-point on the vein a large hillock could mark the location of the Deep Shaft, noted in 1830 by the Barmaster. In Carder Low (south) The vein crossing here known as Wellfield close proximity are the ruinous remains of a small coe or possible or Willfield Vein is visually striking and a perfect example of the bingstead and further north is a sleeper-covered shaft or stope of surface features associated with a large lead vein. The majority unknown depth. of the vein (centred SK 132 622) is located on private land but the lower portion (centred SK 129 623) is on easily accessible Open This vein is located in Open Access land. Unfortunately a Access land and adjacent to several footpaths. The features here reasonable and easily accessible way into this area of land is comprise of several ruinous coes with internal shafts, a ruinous lacking. belland yard wall, a large pond of probable mining vintage and untouched hillocks and hollows. Hitter Hill At SK 087 668 are the well preserved surface remains on two closely parallel and sometimes interconnecting veins. The Pilsbury Upper Barn Here on the western range of the above large hillocks and hollows trend from southeast to northwest on noted Horsestep Rake and running obliquely down the steep the range of the veins. At SK 0882 6675 on the southeastern end northwestern flank of Carder Low almost to the Hartington to of the vein is a small shallow rectangular shaped water storage Pilsbury minor road are the surface features of Sparr Rake or the or washing pond. On the precipitous northwestern flank of Hitter later Crow Dale Mine. Much earlier it was the probable location Hill, and part-way down at SK 0860 6685, is the very tight and of www.pdmhs.comNicholas Bagshawes Founder dating from 1669. The remains muddy entrance crawl into a level that is driven along the most here take the form of fairly intact hillocks and hollows. These southerly of the two veins. Nothing is known about the extent are viewable from a public footpath which crosses the vein near of this level at the time of writing. On the hillside is a large flat- to the ruined Pilsbury Upper Barn. topped waste tip on which, and to one side, are the ruins of a large coe. Lean Low At SK 1471 6247 are the surface remains of the Lean fromLow Rakes. The features here are of untouched hillocks and Lower down the hillside at SK 0855 6688 is the easily accessible hollows (only viewed using aerial photographs). entrance to a level that has been driven along the most southerly vein. The level is of large cross-section, being about 6 feet high Long Dale near Friden. At SK 176 609 alongside Little by 4-5 feet wide. It was probably driven in the mid to late 1800s Boulderstone plantation are the surface remains of lead or to test the vein at depth. It terminates at a rock forefield about 30 ironstone workings. Here several parallel veins are exposed yards from the entrance. Immediately to the north of the entrance, with attendant hillocks and hollows. Alongside the footpath and adjacent to the public footpath, is a large waste tip derived that skirts the bottom of the site are the ruins of a small square from the drivage of the level. building which could be the remains of a coe. All of these veins are on easily accessible Open Access land. Pike Hall The surface features at Mouldridge Mine and adjacent veins have been previously described by Pearce et al. (1984). High Needham At SK 1132 6568 to the northeast of Needham The surface and underground features which survive at this Grange, and alongside a small copse, are the very low, partly site are again noted in The Lead Legacy inventory (Item 86) disturbed, hillocks of a vein which ranges from northeast to which lists important Derbyshire lead mining sites according to southwest. Nearby is a solitary large hillock. These remains are their archaeological, historical or ecological value (Barnatt and adjacent to a Downloadedpublic footpath. Penny, 2004). At SK 1075 6515 to the immediate west of Bank Top Farm in the Biggin The veins to the southeast of Biggin, namely Cobseats fields known as Grove Flatts are the surface features on several Vein, White Rake, Green Rake, Swinepitt Rake and Ramshorn interconnecting veins. These are noted as being the Chance, Botany Vein have very limited surface remains. At SK 1625 5835 Bay and Slide Veins although it is impossible to differentiate one Cobseats Vein crosses the disused railway (now Tissington from the other. The remains here appear to be isolated patches of Trail) and to both east and west hillocks and hollows survive for hillock covered ground (only viewed using aerial photographs). a short distance. At SK 1595 5835 to the immediate west of the trackbed a rubble-filled solitary shaft survives. Further to the Sparklow. The series of parallel veins at this location (centred west, and on an apparent parallel vein which lies to the north SK 129 658) which trend north-west to south-east are visually of Cobseats Vein, are a short series of linear hillocks crossing impressive. They comprise of lines of hillocks and hollows and a field at SK 1590 5846. These are most likely to be located on they can be observed from the disused track bed of the C&HPR White Rake (only viewed from a distance). at Sparklow Station.

44 In the railway cutting at SK 1613 5792 and located on the References eastern range of Green Rake are a closely spaced parallel series Printed Sources: of small mineralized fractures comprising of gangue minerals. No galena is evident at this location. West of the disused railway Adam, W. 1851. The Gem of the Peak. 5th Edition. (Reprinted trackbed the vein lies in the aptly named Green Rake Plantation with new introduction and bibliography by T.D. Ford by the at SK 1580 5792. This is on private land and at present remains Moorland Publishing Company. Hartington. 1973). Courtesy of un-visited. Phil Shaw. The remains on Swinepitt Rake have largely disappeared except Aitkenhead, N., Chisholm, J. I. and Stevenson, I. P. 1985. for a short length of very denuded hillocks crossing a field at SK Geology of the country around Buxton, Leek and Bakewell. 1621 5765 (only viewed using aerial photographs). British Geological Survey. London. Lying to the southeast of Swinepitt Rake was a vein called Barnatt, J. 2006. Soughs and Levels at Goyt’s Moss and Axe Ramshorn. The remains on this vein are in the form of a linear Edge Collieries, Upper Goyt Valley and Burbage, Derbyshire. series of hillocks adjacent to the southern boundary of Hartington Peak District Mines Historical Society Newsletter no. 120. Liberty. More extensive remains on this vein survive to the immediate south of the liberty boundary and within Carsington Barnatt, J. and Leach, J. 1997. The Goyt’s Moss Colliery, Liberty (only viewed using aerial photographs). Buxton, Derbyshire. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal vol. 117. Liffs Low Located here (centred SK 151 578) are five short veins. Their surface expression comprises of low hillocks and Barnatt, J. and Penny, R. 2004. The Lead Legacy. Peak District shallow hollows (only viewed from a distance and using aerial National Park Authority. Bakewell. photographs). Croston, J. 1868. On Foot through the Peak. 2nd Edition. Final Remarks Courtesy of Phil Shaw. Although the area discussed cannot boast of large and very productive mines within the context of the orefield in its entirety, Dodd, A.E. and Dodd, E.M. 2000. Peakland Roads and it nevertheless does contain workings that are as worthy of Trackways. Landmark Publishing. Ashbourne. recording as their more well-known counterparts. Like all of the previous papers written by the author, the miners who toiled Farey, J. 1811. General view of the Agriculture and Minerals within this liberty are also worthy of mention. of Derbyshire. Volume 1. London. (Reprinted with extended biography of Farey by T.D. Ford and H.S. Torrens by the Peak It has been seen that the liberty does contain one of the earliest District Mines Historical Society. Matlock Bath. 1989). documented lead workings within the Derbyshire orefield. Gill, D.W. and Beck, J.S. 1991. Caves of the Peak District. It is hoped that this paper, once again, brings to a greater Dalesman. Clapham. readership the amount of lead mining that has been undertaken on the very western fringe of the orefield. Green, A.H. 1887. The Geology of the Carboniferous Limestones etc. of North Derbyshire. (2nd Edition). Mem. Geol. Surv. G.B. Acknowledgements www.pdmhs.com I would like to thank the following for their continued help, Heathcote, C. 2002. Lead Veins within the coal mines around input and encouragement. Stuart Band and Andrew Peppitt at , and Bugsworth, Derbyshire. Mining Chatsworth House have been of great help and assistance on my History, vol. 15, no. 1 many visits to research in the archives held there. The staff at Derbyshire Record Office have been most helpful on numerous Heathcote, C. 2010. The Barytes Mines at Grin Hill, Ladmanlow occasions. Jim Rieuwerts generously supplied thefrom majority and Stanley Moor near Buxton, Derbyshire: 1835-1877. Mining of the early references used herein which he has found whilst History, vol.17, no. 6 researching for many years in various archives. He gave his continued support, encouragement and also kindly read through Howe, J.A. 1897. Notes on the pockets of sand and clay in several drafts of this paper. John Barnatt also contributed and the limestone of Derbyshire and Staffordshire. Trans. North commented on the discussions that we had regarding the paper. Staffordshire Field Club, vol. 31. Phil Shaw supplied the information concerning Grin Low Tower and Grin End Mine taken from Adam (1851) and Croston Howe, J.A. 1920. Special reports on the mineral resources of (1868). Richard Carr, via Jim Rieuwerts, kindly supplied the Great Britain. Volume 6. Refractory materials. Resources and information concerning the discovery of the miners skeletons in Geology. (2nd Edition). Mem. Geol. Surv. G.B. lead workings near Hartington Station. Lacey, E. 1862. A note on the occurrence of galena at Axe Edge. My stalwart walking companions, Phil Shaw, John Barnatt, Jim Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, vol. 3. Rieuwerts and Dave Williams have always been great company and raised many, more often than not unanswerable, questions Leach, J. 1987. The Book of Buxton. Barracuda Books. on the numerous walks that we have had in the area to observe Buckingham. the, sometimesDownloaded scanty, surface features that remain. Especial thanks are given to Phil Shaw who braved the horizontal rain Pearce, A., Ludditt, R., Straw, M., Taylor, W., Watson, W. and and near freezing conditions on a mid-summers day to view the Watson, R. 1984. Mouldridge Mine, Pikehall, Derbyshire. surface remains with me in the Stanley Moor, Anthony Hill and Bulletin of the Peak District Mines Historical Society. vol. 9, Diamond Hill areas and also for, with little persuasion, wading no. 2. into the thigh deep freezing water at the Lud Well Resurgence to report on the stope found therein. Over the years, others have Porter, L. and Robey, J. 2000. The Copper and Lead Mines joined us, and my thanks are also given to these individuals. around the Manifold Valley, North Staffordshire. Landmark Publishing. Ashbourne. Dave Williams and John Barnatt both supplied the photographs that accompany this paper. Rieuwerts, J.H. 1998. Glossary of Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms. Peak District Mines Historical Society, Matlock Bath.

45 Rieuwerts, J.H. 2003. The Lead Mines within the Liberties of Map sources: Flagg, Monyash and Ashford Southside. Unpublished report for the Peak Park Joint Planning Board. Bakewell. Geological Map. Buxton Sheet 111. 1:50 000. British Geological Survey. Rieuwerts, J.H. 2007. Lead Mining in Derbyshire: History, Development and Drainage. 1. Castleton to the River Wye. Smerrill Moor and adjacent land. 1599. MPC 214. Public Record Landmark Publishing. Ashbourne. Office, Kew, London. Rieuwerts, J.H. 2008. Lead Mining in Hartington, Cold Eaton, Hartington Common Pasture. 1614. Map no. 2062. Chatsworth Newton Grange and Thorpe, together with notes relating to House, Derbyshire. the Mining of Iron, Copper, Manganese and other economic minerals. Unpublished report for the Peak Park Joint Planning Hartington Waste Parts. 1614. Map no. 2063. Chatsworth House, Board. Bakewell. Derbyshire. Roberts, A.F. and Leach, J. 1985. The Coal Mines of Buxton. Ordnance Survey. 1840. First Edition. 1 inch to 1 mile. Sheet Scarthin Books. Cromford. 27. Buxton and Stockport. (Reprinted 1979, David and Charles. Newton Abbot, Devon.) Short, T. 1734. History of the Mineral Waters of Derbyshire, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. London. Ordnance Survey. 1898. Second Edition. 25 inches to 1 mile. Derbyshire Sheets XXII-1 & XIV-16. Digital Archives Turner, W. 1899. Ancient remains near Buxton. Buxton. Association. Warrington. Watson, W. 1811. A delineation of the strata of Derbyshire. Ordnance Survey. 1899. Second Edition. 25 inches to 1 mile. . Derbyshire Sheets XXXIII-2, XXXIII-5, XXVIII-13, XXII- 13, XXVII-2 & XXVII-3. Digital Archives Association. Yorke, C. 1961. The pocket deposits of Derbyshire. (2nd Edition). Warrington. Privately Published. Birkenhead. Ordnance Survey. 1:25 000. Outdoor Leisure 24. White Peak Documentary sources: Area. Hartington and the Granges Liberty. Barmaster Book of Entries. 1774-1809. DRO D504 B/L30. Derbyshire Record Office. Matlock, Derbyshire. Hartington and the Granges Liberty. Barmaster Book of Entries. 1832-1843. C Series 158. Devonshire Collection. Chatsworth House, Derbyshire. Hartington and the Granges Liberty. Barmaster Book of Entries. 1848-1937. C Series 192. Devonshire Collection. Chatsworth www.pdmhs.com House, Derbyshire. Lists of Mines measuring Ore in Hartington and the Granges from September 29th 1842 until September 29th 1867. Barmasters Collection 402/1. Chatsworth House, Derbyshire. from Partners names at Chance Myne in Hartington Lyberty 1752. Devonshire Collection. Chatsworth House, Derbyshire.

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Chris Heathcote 15 Links Road Chapel en le Frith High Peak Derbyshire SK23 9TX

46 Appendix 1. Details of the recorded lead mines/veins within Hartington Upper, Middle, Town and Nether Quarters, Derbyshire.

Hartington Upper Quarter

Mine Miners Date Meers General Old/New Name Location Title

Rushy Gutter Ant. Clayton 1662 ? Ladmanlow ? Jas. Brock 1779 20 Old Henry Millward 1801 16 Old

Rushy Gutter Pipe Henry Millward 1801 12 Ladmanlow New

Deeper the Better John Answorth 1730 ? Grin Hill ?

Chance Mr. Hodgson/ Burbage Chas. Knowles/ Jno. Brandreth/ Jas. Frith/ Geo. Tissington/ Jos. Clay/ Jno. Brandreth jnr./ Geo. Longden/ Will Goodwin/ Will Mycock 1752 ? ? Jos. Sutton 1774 ? Old Jas. Brock 1779 4 Old John Dawson 1783-1791 ? Old Henry Millward 1801 70 Old Jos. Beresford 1854 ? Old

Old Zachary ? 1774 2 Burbage Old Jas. Brock 1779 5 Old Mrs. Brock 1787 5 Old

Witchescliffe Edmund Platt 1777-1779 ? Anthony Hill Old

Doghole Jas. Brock 1779 17 Burbage Old

Ladmorelow Foot Jas. Brock www.pdmhs.com1779 8 Ladmanlow Old Henry Millward 1801 6 Old

Saw Rake Ant. Clayton 1663 ? Burbage ? Jas. Brock 1779 27 Old Henry Millwardfrom 1801 70 Old Bolepitt Rake Jas. Brock 1779 20 Ladmanlow Old Henry Millward 1801 16 Old

Gate Sough Mr. Brock 1780-1797 2 Burbage Old John Davis/ Will Beckett/ Andrew Gardiner/ Anne Davis/ John Gardiner/ Anne Robinson/ Mr. Knight/ Mr. Agnew/ Mr. Bagshaw 1799 ? Old Mr. Brock 1800 ? Old Sam Marsden 1800 ? Old DownloadedHenry Millward 1801 20 Old Mr. Brock 1804-1806 ? Old Will Nall/ Ben Bonsall 1836 21 Old Dan Spencer 1837 15 Old Phil Heacock 1837 ? Old Will Nall 1842 15 Old Peter Heginbotham 1851 ? Old Rich. Street 1862-1867 ? Old

Pools Hole Will Bennett 1772-1790 ? Pooles Cavern New

Goodluck/Ladmorelow John Nadin 1800-1801 9 Grin Common New Will Srigley 1855-1856 ? Old

47 Misty Knowl John Nadin 1800 14 Ladmanlow Old

Stanley Moor John Nadin 1800 6 Stanley Moor New

Quakers Henry Millward 1801 10 Ladmanlow New

Ladmorelow Pipe Henry Millward 1801 10 Ladmanlow New

Grin Hill Dan Spencer/ Ben Buckley 1835 10 Grin Hill Old

Rough Hill/ Ben Bonsall 1835 8 Ladmanlow Old Woods Rough Will Nall 1836 ? Old Hill Phil Heacock 1837 ? Old Geo. Oldfield 1851 ? Old Peter Heginbotham 1851 ? Old Tom Oldfield 1856 ? Old Rich. Street 1864 ? Old Will Wood 1865-1876 ? Old

Spencer’s Venture Dan Spencer 1835 1 Burbage New

Grin End Will Nall 1836 ? Burbage Old Ben Bonsall 1836 1 Old Phil Heacock 1837 ? Old Will Boam 1840 ? Old Peter Heginbotham 1851 ? Old Will Boam 1854 ? Old Ben Bonsall 1855 ? Old Tom Srigley 1855 ? Old Will Srigley 1856 ? Old Roger Srigley 1856 ? Old John Srigley 1854-1860 ? Old Adam Morten 1863-1864 ? Old

Lodge Gate Will Nall/Ben Bonsall 1836 9 Burbage Old Phil Heacock 1837 ? Old Peter Heginbotham www.pdmhs.com1851 ? Old Sough Hough Tim Bennett 1864 ? New Adam Morten 1864 ? Old

Solomon’s Temple Will Srigley/ Sam Srigley 1854 34 Grin Hill New Will Srigley from 1856-1857 ? Old John Shufflebotham 1863-1865 ? Old John Spencer 1865 ? Old Isaac Gyte 1866 ? Old John Shufflebotham 1867-1868 ? Old Isaac Gyte 1868-1870 ? Old Rich. Fearn 1871 ? Old

North & South Will Srigley 1857-1858 ? New

Inkerman Peter Heginbotham 1855 25 New Caleb Heginbotham 1856 ? Burbage Old

Alma Peter Heginbotham 1851 22 New Caleb Heginbotham 1856 ? Burbage Old New Row DownloadedWill Hawley 1862 13 Ladmanlow New Big Vein Will Hawley 1863 ? ? New Tom Dicken 1869 ? ? Old

Black Clough Coal Pit James Moss 1809 24 Black Clough New

Thatch Marsh Coal Pit Buxton Lime Firms Co. 1860 53 Axe Edge New

Goyts Clough Coal Pit Will Hawley 1863 2 Goyts Clough New

Dowlow Will Harryson 1672 ? Dow Low Old

Brierlow Thomp. Naylor 1891 53 Brier Low New

48 Jon. Beebe 1895 50 Old John Oswald Earp 1898-1899 ? Old

Rising Sun Buxton Lime Firms Co. 1906 40 Hind Low New

Edge ? 1756-1780 ? Greensides ? John Nadin 1780-1783 ? Old

Greensides John Nadin 1777-1794 1 Greensides Old John Redfearn 1783-1794 ? Old Geo. Heathcote 1809 8 Old

Hartington Middle Quarter.

‘The Olde Myne’ ? Pre 1191 ? Cotesfield Old

Wheeldon Trees Founder Tom Nadon 1662 ? Wheeldon Trees ? Matt. Mycock 1791 ? Old Hugh Shimwell 1800 14 Old Will Higgett/John Housley 1807 19 Old Ben Shimwell 1808 25 Old John Needham 1862-1870 ? Old

Grove Fflatt Will Harryson 1672 ? High Needham ?

St. Peggs 1734-1735 ? Wheeldon Trees ?

Batemans Venture Alex Barker 1755 ? Earl Sterndale ? Henry Bateman 1863 ? Old

Needham Cross Will Blackwell 1774 1 High Needham Old

Have at All Jos. Willson 1775 36 Cronkstone Old Sam Dakin 1780 ? Old Sam Briddon 1781 ? Old

Cronkstone Dale Rake Jos. Willson 1775-1776 ? Cronkstone ? Rob Mycock 1776 ? Old Geo. Goodwin 1783 ? Old Hy. Moorwood www.pdmhs.com1786 ? Old Geo. Goodwin 1791 ? Old Geo. Goodwin 1857-1858 ? Old John Goodwin 1858-1859 ? Old James Goodwin 1861-1862 ? Old Geo. Goodwin from 1864-1865 ? Old Cronystone Dale/ Joseph Doxey 1869-1870 33 ½ Cronkstone Old Cronystone Grange Dan Spencer/ Job Spencer 1870-1871 ? Old Ben Staley 1871 ? Old

West Meers/Chain Tom Broadhurst 1789-1790 ? Cronkstone New Geo. Goodwin 1805-1806 ? Old George Mycock/ Isaac Mycock/ Chas. Wardle/ Joseph Smith/ Chas. Brassington 1857 32 Old James Pedley 1858 ? Old Flatt Gate DownloadedDan Horobin 1791-1794 ? High Needham? ? Gingerbread Rake Jos. Johnson 1803 21 Upper Edge ?

Hittrell/Itterhill Geo. Goodwin 1789 ? Hitter Hill New Dan Horobin 1790 ? Old Isaac Goodwin 1794 ? Old John Redfearn 1796-1803 ? Old Jos. Johnson 1803 20 Old Rich. Fearn/ Edmund Fearn/ Joseph Kidd 1856 11 Old Edward Fearn 1857 ? Old

Botany Bay/Slide ? 1790 ? High Needham ?

49 Sam Briddon 1793 ? Old Matt. Mycock 1797-1799 ? Old ? 1799-1804 ? Old Mr. Saxelby/Mr. Bell 1806 71 Old Will Housley 1808 13 Old Jos. Cocker 1809 13 Old Ed. Horobin 1837 7 ½ Old Geo. Goodwin 1860 ? Old

Stoop John Birch 1808 6 Earl Sterndale ?

Cellar Window Jos. Goodwin 1809 11 Hurdlow House ?

Fortunate/Jericho/Sterndale Rich. Carr 1830 16 Jericho Old Geo. Housley 1840 ? Old Tom Lomas 1840 ? Old Edward Fearn 1855 ? Old

Park Nook Will Handley 1789-1793 ? Benty Grange New Rich. Hibbert 1835-1846 4 Old

Brunt/Burnt/Brount Rake Rich. Hibbert 1781-1782 ? Earl Sterndale Old Rich. Handley 1785-1788 ? Old Rich. Carr 1836 1 Old Will Needham 1858 ? Old

Chance Ed. Horobin 1837 8 High Needham Old Jos. Needham/Tom Cocker 1837 7 Old

Sparklow Ben Buckley 1877 ? Sparklow Old

Street/ Duke of York Thomp. Naylor 1895 33 Street Farm New John Oswald Earp/ Francis Ashwell/ John Arthur Cooke 1895 ? Old Herbert Pomeroy Lomas/ Reg Pomeroy Lomas 1902 ? Old Railway Venture Geo. Mycock www.pdmhs.com1857 ? New Bell Harp/Thorn Tree Will Needham/ Sarah Dakin 1858 ? Sparklow Old Sam Hollis 1858 23+ Old Ben Buckley 1876 ? Old Tom Redfearn from 1876 ? Old Coates Field Rich. Hibbert 1782 ? Cotesfield Old Geo. Goodwin 1789-1795 ? Old Will Mycock 1872-1874 ? Old

Wilkersaweley/ Wilkersley/Winkerley John Hibbert/ Henry Joule/ Geo. Goodwin 1782-1787 ? Cotesfield Old Henry Joule/ Geo. Goodwin 1788-1789 ? Old Geo. Housley 1853-1856 ? Old John Goodwin 1856 ? Old Geo. Goodwin 1856 ? Old Company of Miners 1857-1858 ? Old Will Smedley 1858 ? Old DownloadedBen Marsden 1858-1859 ? Old Will Shimwell 1859 ? Old Will Mycock 1859-1860 ? Old John Holland 1863 ? Old Will Brassington 1864 ? Old

New Winkerley John Goodwin 1882 ? Cotesfield New Geo. Higginbotham 1910 ? Old

Coach Field Geo. Goodwin/ John Holland/ John Goodwin 1878 55 Cotesfield Old John Critchlow 1890 ? Old Tom Hampson Brown 1906 ? Old

50 Benty Grange John Holland/ John Critchlow 1890 ? Benty Grange Old Tom Hampson Brown 1906 ? Old J. H. Critchlow/ Joshua Caleb Millington/ Chas. Henry Millington 1917 26 Old

Long Rake John Holland 1881 ? Cotesfield New

Lemon Seats Geo. Mycock 1856 ? Cronkstone Old Isaac Mycock 1857-1858 ? Old Will Mycock 1858 ? Old

Underhill Jos. Mellor 1863 ? Hitter Hill New

Glutton John Goodwin 1868 37 Parkers & Croom Hills Old

Cronkstone Grange Geo. Goodwin 1858 ? Cronkstone New

Mycock’s Lemon Seats Isaac Mycock 1858-1863 ? Cronkstone ?

Buxton’s Lemon Seats Will Buxton 1858 ? Cronkstone New John Buxton 1859 ? Old Will Buxton 1863-1864 ? Old

Middlestreet Will Bonsall 1858 ? Middlestreet New

Clemonseats Geo. Beebe 1902 40 Cronkstone Old

M. I. A. Michael Ivan Aische 1937 55 Sparklow Old

Hartington Town Quarter

Nich. Bagshaw’s Founder Nich. Bagshaw 1669 ? Pilsbury Old

Ore Cross Rob Broomhead 1775-1781 13 Pilsbury Old Will Bonsall 1801 23 Old Geo. Sheldon www.pdmhs.com1808 30 Old

Parsley Hey Ben Shimwell 1808 40+ Parsley Hey Old

Pie Cross Geo. Sheldon 1808 2 Pilsbury Old

Sparr Rake Isaac Pett/ from Tom Palfreyman 1836 17 Carder Low Old Jos. Sheldon/ Will Webster/ Geo. Brunt 1843 ? Old

Crow Dale Jos. Mellor/ Sam Pickerhill 1857-1860 15 Pilsbury New Michael Ivan Aische 1937 65 Old

Castle/Castle Yard John Ridgard 1836 22 Pilsbury Old Tom Horobin 1866 ? Old John Marshall 1866 ? Old Will Wild 1866 ? Old DownloadedJohn Redfearn 1867 ? Old Carderlow/Cartherlowe Tom Carder 1776 1 Carder Low Old Tom Pett 1776 ? Old Will Gould 1778 27 Old Jos. Mycock 1781 10 Old Rob Broomhead 1781-1800 ? Old Geo. Sheldon 1809 ? Old Tom Phillips 1852 ? Old Edward Fearn 1853-1856 ? Old Jos. Kidd 1856 ? Old Edward Fearn 1857 ? Old Rob Oliver 1862-1864 ? Old

Carderston Rob Broomhead 1782-1785 ? Carder Low Old

51 Tom Mycock 1786 ? Old Rob Broomhead 1787-1809 ? Old Joseph Kidd 1856 ? Old

CartherlowStack Yard Moss & Oliver 1868 ? Carder Low New

Willfield/Wellfield Tom Pett 1776 9 Carder Low Old Will Gould 1778 37 Old

Waterhole Will Gould 1778 4 Carder Low Old

Ludwell Sam Bonsall 1862 37 Carder Low New Ludwell Mining Co. 1863-1868 ? Old

Hartington Level Derbyshire Ironstone Co. 1862 39 Hand Dale New

Have at All Sam Briddon 1780 1 Carder Low Old

End Low Rakes Sam Briddon 1780 9 End Low Old

Speedwell Will Marsh/ Tom Beresford 1781 9 Dove Flatts Old

Stirrup Stone Tom Pett 1782 1 Long Dale New Chris Staley/ Jas. Shimwell 1786-1788 8 Old John Stone 1792-1794 ? Old ? Heathcote 1797 ? Old ? Critchlow 1797 ? Old

Horse Step Rob Broomhead/ John Hibbert 1785-1789 1 Carder Low Old John Robinson 1787 22 Old James Gould/ Rob Broomhead 1789-1798 ? Old Henry Joule/ Rob Broomhead/ James Gould/ John Hibbert www.pdmhs.com1799-1809 ? Old Fear Nobody John Robinson 1787 31 Carder Low Old

Broomhill Top Tom Cantrell 1789 11 Hart. Common Old Beetneed John Stone from 1791 28 Hart. Common Old Luck/Lucky Jos. Johnson 1788-1789 ? Hart. Common New Geo. Goodwin 1790-1791 ? Old Tom Wheeldon 1795 25 Old

Venter/Venture Sam Heathcote 1796 18 Berresford Hall ?

Clay Pit Rake Jos. Gould 1804 16 Hart. Common ?

Lean Low Rake Jos. Gould 1804 30 Lean Low ?

Town End Rob Oliver 1862 22 ½ Hartington New

Hartington Nether Quarter

Garrish Knowle Tom Curzon DownloadedGeo. Curzon 1662-1669 ? Biggin? ? Coppseats/Copseats or Cobseats ? 1684 ? Biggin ? Sam Jackson Rich. Roberts pre1692 ? Old Isaac Hoads 1793 70 Old Sam Heathcote 1796 15 Old Hugh Bateman 1807 12 Old Simon Tiddall 1808 50 Old Isaac Pett 1864-1872 ? Old

Green Rake James Excell 1725 ? Biggin ? John Eley Esq. 1780 15 Old Will Pett 1782 ? Old

52 Isaac Hoads 1793 20 Old Rob Broomhead 1802 25 Old Will Pett 1805 ? Old Simon Tiddall 1808 20 Old Ab. Heywood 1832 8 Old Tom Gosling/ Will Higton/ James Gosling/ Ralph Adams/ Geo. Higton/ Geo. Higton jnr. 1832 8 Old Isaac Pett 1833 ? Old Daniel Pett 1852 ? Old Isaac Pett 1853-1892 ? Old John Hall Esq. 1906 28 Old

Swine Pitt Rake ? 1720 ? Biggin Old ? 1774-1777 ? Old Will Derbyshire 1784 14 Old Ben Stone 1792-1795 ? Old Jos. Bowers 1796 25 Old Ben Stone 1797-1808 ? Old Ant. Pett 1836 46 Old Steven Dakin 1859 ? Old Arthur Pett 1864 ? Old John Hall Esq. 1906 45 Old

Pike Hall ? 1734-1744 ? Pikehall ?

Rising Sun ? 1745 ? Pikehall ? Fran Oldfield 1786 ? New Rich. Naylor 1791-1792 ? Old Geo. Birds 1793 ? Old

Madge Torr Rake John Moseley 1775 37 Biggin? ?

Harehole/Mouldridge Pipe/ West Pipe Paul Staley 1786 8 Mouldridge Old Sam Stone 1787 15 Old Sam Parr/ www.pdmhs.com Ben Buckley 1878 28 Old Sam Parr 1882 ? Old

Mouldridge Rake/West Rake Geo. Webster 1776 ? Mouldridge Old Will Webster 1777-1778 ? Old Tom Pett from 1779 ? Old G. Stone 1781 ? Old Ben Buckley/ Sam Parr 1878 28 Old Sam Parr 1882 ? Old

Butchers Venture Sam Stone 1787 ? Mouldridge Old

Saw Pit Isaac Hoads 1793 30 Newhaven Old

Slack Sides Isaac Hoads 1793 31 Long Dale Old Job Marshall/ Will Moseley/ Will Wild 1857 ? Old John Webster 1857 ? Old Will Roberts 1864 ? Old DownloadedJas. Wild 1866 ? Old Tom Palfreyman 1868 ? Old

Stone Pitt Isaac Hoads 1793 40 ? ?

Old Mouldridge Will Hadfield 1797 8 Mouldridge Old

Long Dale Rake Rob Staley/ Em. Gollin 1799 15 Long Dale Old

Old Cross Em. Gollin 1808 9 Newhaven ? Geo. Dakin 1808 9 ?

Cabins John Goodwin 1866 ? Newhaven New

53 Geo. Goodwin 1867-1869 ? Old Will Wild/ John Brindley/ Geo. Goodwin/ Tom Palfreyman/ Jos. Brindley 1870-1873 ? Old Will Pett 1874 ? Old Geo. Goodwin 1876-1877 ? Old

Cabins Pipe Hartington Moor Lead Mining Co. 1878 50 Newhaven Old Will Pett/ Geo. Pett/ Tom Pett Sims 1890 ? Old

Cabins Rake Hartington Moor Lead Mining Co. 1878 50 Newhaven Old Will Pett/ Geo. Pett/ Tom Pett Sims 1890 ? Old

Dead Heath Geo. Goodwin 1880-1889 ? Newhaven ?

Discovery Will Pett/ Geo. Pett 1874-1875 8 Newhaven New Hartington Moor Lead Mining Co. 1877 ? Old Will Pett/ Geo. Pett/ Tom Pett Sims 1890 ? Old

Gipsy Park Hartington Moor Lead Mining Co. 1878-1881 50 Newhaven New

Hopewell/ Will Roberts 1863-1864 ? Biggin ? White Rake James Wild/ Sam Longden 1864-1867 ? Old Will Wild 1867-1870 ? Old Jos. Brindley 1871 Ann Wild www.pdmhs.com1872 ? Old Tom Palfreyman 1871-1898 ? Old John Hall Esq. 1906 17 Old

Goodalls Pipe Jos. Johnson 1871-1872 ? Newhaven ?

New Haven Will Pett from 1892 ? Newhaven New

Rams Horn Arthur Pett 1863 ? Ramshorn New

Providence Geo. Pett 1863 ? Newhaven New

Bank House Isaac Pett 1863 ? Biggin ?

Liffs Fran Bloore/ Hen. Flint 1868-1869 23 Biggin New

Hopewell Jos. Heathcote 1858 13 ½ Biggin Old

Speedwell Jos. Heathcote 1858 13 ½ Biggin Old ProvewellDownloaded Jos. Heathcote 1858 18 Biggin Old Dowell Jos. Heathcote 1858 19 Biggin Old

Paywell Jos. Heathcote 1858 19 Biggin Old

Diligence Jos. Heathcote 1858 24 Biggin Old

Providence Jos. Heathcote 1858 7 ½ Biggin Old

54 Appendix 2. Lead Ore output at the recorded lead mines/veins within Hartington Upper, Middle, Town and Nether Quarters, Derbyshire (exclusive of Lot and Cope ore).

Hartington Upper Quarter

Mine Grove Ore Hillock Ore Belland Ore Smitham Ore Last Loads/Dishes Loads/Dishes Loads/Dishes Loads/Dishes measure

Rushy Gutter 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1662 Deeper the Better ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1663 Pools Hole 11 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1790 Thatch Marsh Coal Pit 12 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863 Goyts Clough Coal Pit 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863 Witchescliffe 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 1779 Goodluck/Ladmorelow 46 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1861 Spencer’sVenture 23 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1839 Grin End 130 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 1864 Rough Hill/Wood’s Rough Hill 39 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 1876 Old Zachary 113 3 0 0 0 0 47 0 1783 Chance 160 4 0 0 0 0 1 6 1854 Gate Sough 205 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1867 Sough Hough 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1864 Solomon’s Temple 252 0 0 0 8 3 0 0 1871 North & South 42 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1858 Inkerman 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1856 Alma 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1856 Big Vein 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1869 New Row 19 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1862 Black Clough Coal Pit 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1809 Brierlow 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1891 Greensides 153 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1809 Edge 83 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1783 Rising Sun 0 1 0 0 www.pdmhs.com0 0 0 0 1906 Hartington Middle Quarter

Gingerbread Rake 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1803 Wheeldon Trees Founder 54 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1870 Fortunate/Jericho/Sterndale 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1855 Brunt/Burnt/Brount Rake 117 4 from0 0 0 0 0 0 1858 Have at All 41 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1781 Cronkstone Dale Rake 105 3 0 0 0 0 7 7 1865 West Meer/Chain 21 0 1 6 4 5 0 0 1806 Hitterhill 36 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1857 Botany Bay 580 1 0 0 44 7 0 0 1804 Stoop 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1808 Cellar Window 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1809 Park Nook 24 2 0 0 4 8 0 0 1846 Chance 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1844 Sparklow 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1878 Railway Venture 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1857 Street/ Duke of York 25 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1895 Bellharp/ThornDownloaded Tree 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1876 West Bellharp 29 4 0 0 5 2 0 0 1871 Cotesfield 74 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1874 Wilkersaweley/ Wilkersley/Winkerley 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1856 New Winkerley 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1882 Waggon Hill 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1872 Flatt Gate 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1794 Underhill 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1857 Lemon Seats 20 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1858 Cronkstone Grange 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1858 Cronystone Dale 45 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 1871

55 Middlestreet 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1858 Mycock’s Lemon Seats 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863 Buxton’s Lemon Seats 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1864 Bateman’s Venture 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863

Hartington Town Quarter

Vincent Holes 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1848 Brunt/Brund Cliffe 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1843 Castle Yard 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1867 Crow Dale 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1860 Sparr Rake 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1846 Pie Cross 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1846 Parsley Hey 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1849 Ore Cross 24 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1803 Cartherlow Stack Yard 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1868 Carderlow 41 3 0 6 0 0 1 4 1856 Cardeston/Carderslow 120 7 2 1 0 0 0 0 1864 Willfield/Wellfield 11 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1780 Stirrup Stone 48 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1832 Horse Step 692 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 1805 Ludwell 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1868 Beetneed 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1792 Luck/Lucky 31 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1791 Venter/Venture 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1835

Hartington Nether Ouarter

New Haven 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1892 Gipsy Park 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1878 Discovery 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1875 Cabins 1972 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1880 Copseats/Coppseats/Cobseats 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1872 Green Rake 159 1 0 0 www.pdmhs.com2 4 0 0 1882 Green Rake West End 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1834 Swine Pitt Rake 67 0 0 0 0 0 58 4 1864 Pike Hall Rising Sun 17 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1793 Madge Torr Rake 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1798 Mouldridge 21 0 from0 0 19 3 0 0 1791 Old Mouldridge 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1796 Mouldridge Rake 35 8 0 0 0 0 8 4 1880 Long Dale 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1799 Long Dale Flatt 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1800 Long Dale Rake 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1800 Rams Horn 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863 Slack Side 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1868 Providence 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1863 White Rake/Hopewell 162 1 0 0 3 8 0 0 1882 Bank House 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863 Friden 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1842 Liffs 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1869 SpeedwellDownloaded 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1881

56 Appendix 3. Details of the recorded lead mines veins within Hartington Liberty whose location is unknown.

Mine Miner/s Date Old or New Title

Greenhills John Hadfield 1774-1775 ? Ball’��������s������� Scrin ������������Geo. Goodwin ���������1856-1860 �? Hopeful Will Blore 1803-1806 ? Engleby Scrin J. Taylor 1803 ? Clod Hall Will Blackwell 1774-1775 ? Henry Joule 1776-1783 ? Biggin Moor Will Hamlet 1776 ? Biggin Green Rob Broomhead 1793 ? Highway Head Tom Pett 1779 New Jacksons Scrin R. Hibbert 1801-1804 New Cold Bank Jos. Twigg 1783 New Barns Will Pett 1805 ? Bullock Knowl Jos. Twigg 1783 New Calvehills John Nadin 1783 New Oakerhouse Will Bonsall 1785-1786 New Never Fear Geo. Goodwin 1786-1789 New White Ore ? Heywood 1799 ? Shepherds Scrin John Hibbert 1792 New Retchwood John Nadin 1788 New Anthonys Venture John Brunt 1789 New Silver Eye Will Pett 1789 ? Moorside Arthur Buxton 1789 ? Intakes Geo. Goodwin 1780-1783 New Tob. Heathcote 1791-1793 Old John Hibbert 1793-1794 Old Rob Bonsall 1804 Old Geo. Goodwin 1809 Old Eagerhill Geo. Goodwin 1782-1784 New Tob. Heathcote www.pdmhs.com1804-1809 Old Blackhole Rob Mycock 1783-1786 New Geo. Goodwin 1786-1787 Old Southrun Henry Joule 1787-1789 New John Hibbert 1789-1791 Old Garden Bed/Head John Nadin 1789-1797 New Tyfordholme Pingle from 1789-1793 New Redfearns Venture? 1799-1804 ? Tom Pett 1805 Old Redfearns Founder 1800 ? Miners Glory ? 1834-1835 ? Haven ? 1849 ? Potters Mine ? 1835 ? Strikefire Rich Bonsall 1849-1855 ? Calf Croft ? 1835 ? Reddy ? 1836-1837 ? Yew Cross Rake James Horobin 1865 Old Ball’��������s������� Scrin ������������Geo. Goodwin ����1853 �? Watterholes ? 1846-1849 ? Miners VentureDownloaded Will Ball 1853 Old Morning Sun ? 1849 ? Cliff Scrin ? 1850 ? Green Ore Vein Will Hibbert 1851-1861 New John Hibbert 1863 Old Sam Longden 1864 Old California Geo. Goodwin 1855 New John Holland 1862 Old Watericicle Tom Handley 1809 New John Goodwin 1857 Old Geo. Goodwin 1857 Old

57 Old Rake Samuel Slater 1863 Old Joan’����������s��������� Venture Will����������� Hawley 1858���� New��� Will Mycock 1859 Old Geo. Mycock 1859 Old Will Hawley 1859-1862 Old Cleft Mine Joseph Mellor 1858-1859 New Rusty Scrin Will Bonsall 1858-1861 New Rich Bonsall 1861 Old Tom Swindall 1862 Old Will Bonsall 1862-1863 Old Will Mycock 1867 Old Blindhole Tom Phillips 1859 New Geo. Moss 1865 Old Brittlestone Will Wild 1860 New Red Rake Sam Greatrix 1863 New Clyffe Style Joseph Mellor 1864-1866 New Chas. Bagshaw 1868 Old Crows Dream Jos. Pett 1866 New Fiddlers Pit McLean & Co. 1867-1868 New Limekiln Tom Oldfield 1869 New Parks Lane John Needham 1858-1870 New Will Allen 1871 Old Brimstone/Gorse Rake Henry Cocker 1871 New John Needham 1872 Old Henry Cocker 1872 Old John Nedham 1873-1880 Old Tor Top Will Middleton 1871 New Waggon Hill Henry Cocker 1872 New Meadow Rake Geo. Johnson 1873-1877 New

Appendix 4. Lead Ore output at the recorded lead mines within Hartington Liberty whose location is unknown (exclusive of Lot and Cope ore). www.pdmhs.com Mine Grove Ore Hillock Ore Belland Ore Smitham Ore Last Loads/Dishes Loads/Dishes Loads/Dishes Loads/Dishes measure

Greenhills 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1775 Balls Scrin 31 5 from0 0 0 0 0 0 1856 Hopeful 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1806 Engleby Scrin 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1803 Clod Hall 83 7 0 0 0 0 39 0 1783 Biggin Moor 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1776 Biggin Green 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1793 Highway Head 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1783 Jacksons Scrin 15 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1804 Cold Bank 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1783 Barns 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1805 Bullock Knowl 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1783 Calvehills 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1783 Oakerhouse 12 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1776 Never FearDownloaded 25 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1789 White Ore 45 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1799 Shepherds Scrin 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1792 Retchwood 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1788 Anthonys Venture 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1789 Silver Eye 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1789 Moorside 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1789 Intakes 27 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1809 Eagerhill 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1809 Black Hole 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1787 Southrun 55 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1791 Garden Bed Head 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1797

58 Tyfordholme Pingle 388 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1793 Redfearns Venture 21 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1805 Redfearns Founder 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1800 Miners Glory 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1835 Haven 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1849 Potters Mine 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1835 Strikefire 82 3 0 5 0 0 0 0 1855 Calf Croft 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1835 Reddy 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1837 Yew Cross Rake 11 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1865 Watterholes 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1849 Miners Venture 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1853 Morning Sun 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1849 Cliff Scrin 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1850 Green Ore Vein 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1864 California 24 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1862 Watericicle 9 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1857 Old Rake 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863 Joan’s Venture 58 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1862 Parks Lane 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1871 Cleft Mine 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1859 Rusty Scrin 100 5 7 1 0 0 0 0 1867 Ball’s Scrin 38 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1862 Blindhole 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1865 Brittlestone 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1860 Red Rake 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1863 Clyffe Style 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1868 Crows Dream 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1866 Fiddlers Pit 110 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1868 Tor Top 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1871 Meadow Rake 14 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1877 Limekiln 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1869 Brimstone Rake 5 2 0 0 www.pdmhs.com10 2 0 0 1880

Note: It must be stated that some of the above named mines, whose exact location is unknown, could be located either in One Ash, Meadow Place or Cronkston Granges. All are noted here for clarity, continuity and to give the reader an idea of the scale of mining within the whole of Hartington and the Granges Liberty. from Appendix 5. Brown Ore* output at the lead mines/veins in Hartington Upper, Middle, Town and Nether Quarters, Derbyshire (to the nearest cwt).

Hartington Upper Quarter

Mine Miners Tons Cwts First measure Last measure

Ladmanlowe Will Srigley 2 16 1854 1854 Sough Gate Richard Street 0 9 1862 1867 Sough Hough Timothy Bennett 0 2 1864 1864 North & South William Srigley 5 14 1857 1858 Rough Hill Richard Street/ DownloadedWilliam Wood 0 17 1864 1873 Solomons Temple John Shufflebotham John Spencer/Isaac Gyte 7 4 1863 1870 Grin End Adam Morten 0 1 1864 1864

Hartington Middle Quarter

Lemonseats George Mycock/ William Mycock/ Joseph Smith/ William Buxton 1 4 1856 1858

59 Winkerley George Houseley/ George Goodwin/ Company of Miners/ Samuel Hollis/ Charles Buxton/ William Shimwell/ George Mycock/ William Smedley/ Benjamin Marsden/ William Mycock/ John Holland 27 17 1853 1859 Cronkstone Dale Rake George Goodwin/ John Goodwin/ James Goodwin 75 13 1857 1859 Itterhills Edmund Fearn 0 11 1857 1857 Long Rake William Hodgkinson John Holland 12 6 1859 1881 Botany Bay George Goodwin/ John Goodwin 0 19 1860 1860 Wheeldon Trees John Needham 0 19 1862 1867 Waggon Hill Henry Cocker 0 16 1872 1872 Spark Lane/Sparklow Charles Horobin 0 6 1872 1872 Coatsfield William Mycock 0 18 1872 1873 West Bellharp Hartington Moor Lead Mining Co. 3 11 1878 1878 Sparklow Ben Buckley 0 8 1878 1878

Hartington Town Quarter

Cartherlow George Houseley 1 4 1854 1854 Cartherlow Joseph Kidd/ Edmund Fearn 1 3 1856 1857 Crow Dale Joseph Mellor 0 www.pdmhs.com2 1858 1858 Parks Lane John Needham 1 2 1860 1870 Castle Yard Thomas Horobin/ John Marshall/ William Wild/ John Redfearn from5 1 1866 1867 Hartington Nether Quarter

New Haven William Millington 3 5 1856 1856 Swine Pitt Rake John Marsden/ Steven Dakin/ Isaac Pett/ Arthur Pett 13 13 1859 1864 Green Rake Isaac Pett 16 11 1861 1877 Rams Horn Arthur Pett 0 4 1863 1863 White Rake James Wild/ Samuel Longden/ William Wild 4 4 1863 1869 Hopewell DownloadedWilliam Roberts/ James Wild/ William Wild/ Thomas Palfreyman 24 14 1863 1882 Bank House Isaac Pett 0 18 1863 1863 Slack Side Thomas Palfreyman 0 2 1868 1868 Goodhall’s Pipe George Johnson 9 16 1871 1872 Cabins James Wild/ Joshua Millington/ John Goodwin/ Joseph Brindley/

60 William Millington/ William Shimwell/ Thomas Palfreyman/ George Goodwin/ William Pett/ William Naylor/ William Bowman 716 2 1866 1882 Cobseats Isaac Pett 0 2 1872 1872 Discovery William Pett/ Hartington Moor Lead Mining Co. 42 14 1875 1881

Locations unknown

Strikefire Richard Bonsall 4 3 1853 1854 Balls Scrin George Goodwin 33 8 1853 1862 California George Goodwin/ John Holland 2 19 1855 1862 Green Ore Vein William Hibbert/ John Hibbert/ Samuel Longden/ Matthew Frost 17 15 1856 1865 Joan’s Venture William Hawley/ William Mycock/ George Mycock 5 1 1857 1859 Watericicle George Goodwin 0 8 1857 1857 Pasture Rake John Needham 0 2 1858 1858 Rusty Scrin William Bonsall/ Richard Bonsall/ Thomas Swindell/ William Mycock 18 11 1858 1867 Red Rake Samuel Greatrix 0 1 1863 1863 Stranger Thomas Dawson 0 www.pdmhs.com1 1863 1863 Yew Cross Rake James Horobin 0 2 1865 1865 Crows Dream Joseph Pett 0 1 1866 1866 Fiddlers Pit McLean & Co. 5 11 1867 1868 Cliffe Style Charles Bagshaw 6 5 1868 1868 Big Vein Thomas Dickin from0 1 1869 1869 Meadow Rake George Johnson 41 11 1870 1877 Gorse/Brimstone Rake John Needham/ Henry Cocker/ John Needham/ William Needham 0 9 1871 1880 Cardlow Moor Isaac Pett 0 12 1872 1872

Notes: First measure of Brown Ore occurred on April 22nd 1853 at Strikefire Mine owned by Richard Bonsall. Brown Ore was measured intermittently between the two dates given for first and last measures. * Brown Ore = low grade lead ore, contaminated with limonite or ochre. Downloaded

61 Appendix 6. Partners Names at Chance Myne in Hartington Lyberty 1752. (Chats. Dev. Coll.).

Mr. Hodgson Buxton Gentleman 6/24ths Chas. Knowles Burbidge Husbandman 5/24ths Jon. Brandreth Whiteknowles Tayler 5/24ths Jasper Frith Bank Gentleman 2/24ths Geo. Tissington - - 2/24ths Mr. Joseph Clay Sheffield Gentleman 1/24th Jon. Brandreth jnr. Whiteknowles Tayler 1/24th Geo. Longden Tideswell (illegible) 1/24th William Goodwin Tideswell Weaver/Webster 1/48th William Mycock Fairfield Innkeeper 1/48th ------24/24ths

Appendix 7. Shares of Gatesough Title. November 5th 1799. (DRO D504 B/L 30).

John Davis 3/24ths Anne Davis 3/24ths George Davis 1/24th Anne Davis 1/24th John Robinson Gardiner 1/24th Anne Robinson 1/24th Mr. Knight of Clever near Windsor 1/24th Mr. Agnew of Windsor 1/24th Mr. Bagshaw and his friends 12/24ths ------24/24ths

Appendix 8. Suit Roll and Jury List for the Great Barmote Court at Hartington July 29th 1650 (Wolley MSS. J. Rieuwerts pers comm.).

NAME RESIDENCE NAME RESIDENCE William Thornley* Moniash Hugo Redfearne*www.pdmhs.com Moniash Richard Mottram* Longnor William Carder* Moniash Jacob Sutton* Biggin Anthony Wilde* Stony Middleton Nathaniel ffrost* Buxton Christopher Mellor* Hurdlow John Day* Biggin Rowland Hadfielde* Moniash William Alcocke* Biggin fromJohn Gibbon or Guyben* Biggin John Sutton* Biggin William Darbieshire* Biggin Thomas Mellor* Biggin William Chapman* Biggin Radulph Brunt* Moniash Richard Wilgoose* Moniash William Orme* Coatsfield Edward Mellor* Burbage Radulph Norton* Buxton Anthony Whyte or Wood* Biggin Melshizdecke?* Newhaven Robert Ball* ??? Hugh Persevill Longnor Richard Whildon Dove pitt** Richard Houndesfield Greensides Arthur Whyte Street house Humphrey Swindell Sterndall John White Middleton Dennis Ragge Middleton

First the Jury - doe say upon theyre oathes that the same Customs of the Myne and tyme out of mind have bin/are used within the ? of Hartington as have bin used within ye Hundred of High Peak within this County of Derby and are ? in an Inquisition taken the fift day of September in ye two and fortieth yeareDownloaded of ye late queen Elizabeth, before John ? gent Stewarde of Gilbert, Earl of ……

* served on Jury. ** Dove pitt. This c1614 residence was located at SK0715 6825 in the field to the south of the natural Owl Hole at the head of Dowell Dale. Nothing obvious remains of this building today.

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