47381-005: Mahaweli Water Security
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Anthropogenic Impacts on Urban Coastal Lagoons in the Western and North-Western Coastal Zones of Sri Lanka
1 2 Anthropogenic Impacts on Urban Coastal Lagoons in the Western and North-western Coastal Zones of Sri Lanka Jinadasa Katupotha Department of Geography, University of Sri Jayewardenepura Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka [email protected] Abstract Six lagoons from Negombo to Puttalam, along the Western and North Western coast of Sri Lanka, show signs of some change due to urbanization-related anthropological activities. Identified activities have direct implications on morphological features of lagoons, elimination of wetlands (mangrove swamps and marshy lands) and pasture lands, land degradation due to encroachment for shrimp farms, shrinking of lagoons, and production of higher nutrient and heavy metal loads, decline in bird and fish populations and degradation of the scenic beauty. As a result, the lagoon ecosystems have suffered to such a degree that numerous faunal and floral species have disappeared or have diminished considerably over the last few years. All these anthropogenic impacts were identified by the author during 1992, 2002, and 2006 as well as in a study on “Lagoons in Sri Lanka” conducted by IWMI between 2011 and 2012. Key words: Anthropogenic Impacts, Urban Coastal Lagoons, Garbage accumulation, Awareness program Introduction The island of Sri Lanka has 82 coastal lagoons that support a variety of plants and animals, and the economy [1]. Anthropogenic impacts, particularly lagoon fishing, human occupation of the land and water contamination have considerably reduced the faunal and floral population to a point that some of them are in danger of extinction. Such danger of extinction has been accelerated in urban lagoons of the western and northwestern coastal zones, e.g. -
Comments on the Wilpattu National Park Management Plan 2019-2024
ENVIRONMENTAL FOUNDATION (GUARANTEE) LIMITED COMMENTS ON THE WILPATTU NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT PLAN 2019-2024 07.01.2019 07 January 2019 Mr. S. Hettiarachchi Secretary to the Ministry of Tourism Development, Wildlife and Christian Religious Affairs 6th Floor, Rakshana Mandiraya, No 21, Vauxhall Street, Colombo 02 Dear Sir, Comments on the Wilpattu National Park Management Plan General Comments: Section 2A of the FFPO mandates for the formulation of a management plan, which is to be prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance (FFPO). Reiterating the purpose of the FFPO- An Ordinance to provide for the protection and conservation of the fauna and flora of Sri Lanka and their habitats; for the prevention of commercial and other misuses of such fauna and flora and their habitats; for the conservation of the biodiversity of Sri Lanka. As such the FFPO advocates strongly for conservation and that everything else is held secondary. However, quite dishearteningly the Wilpattu National Park Management Plan 2019-2024 fails to sufficiently adhere to the statutory norms underlined in the FFPO, instead development of the tourism sector is prioritized over the addressing of the ecological needs of the park for the conservation of the fauna and flora of the park. Further, it is quite uncomfortably noted that certain recommendations in terms of action plans and measures do not fall in line with stipulations of the FFPO, examples of which will be discussed in detail below. Section 2B of the FFPO stipulates that, prior to carrying and giving effect to any activity under a Management Plan, requires an assessment of the impacts of such activity on the fauna and flora and their habitat to be made. -
Fit.* IRRIGATION and MULTI-PURPOSE DEVELOPMENT
fit.* The Historic Jaya Ganga — built by King Dbatustna in tbi <>tb century AD to carry the waters of the Kala Wewa to the ancient city tanks of Anuradbapura, 57 miles away, while feeding a number of village tanks in its course. This channel is also famous for the gentle gradient of 6 ins. per mile for the first I7 miles and an average of 1 //. per mile throughout its length. Both tbeKalawewa andtbefiya Garga were restored in 1885 — 18 8 8 by the British, but not to their fullest capacities. New under the Mabaweli Diversion project, the Kill Wewa his been augmented and the Jaya Gingi improved to carry 1000 cusecs of water. The history of our country dates back to the 6th century B.C. When the legendary Vijaya landed in L->nka, he is believed to have found an island occupied by certain tribes who had already developed a rudimentary sys tem of irrigation. Tradition has it that Kuveni was spinning cotton on the bund of a small lake which was presumably part of this ancient system. The development of an ancient civilization which was entirely depen dent on an irrigation system that grew in size and complexity through the years is described in our written history. Many examples are available which demonstrate this systematic development of water and land re sources throughout the so-called dry zone of our country over very long periods of time. The development of a water supply and irrigation system around the city of Anuradhapuia may be taken as an example. -
Performance Report-2010-English
1 2 List of Tables Page Table 1.1: Special Project Proposals Qualified for Funding 5 Table 1.2: Progress of Action Plan Activities in 2010. 6 Table 2.1: Rehabilitation and Construction of Water Bodies in 2010 7 Table 2.2: Rehabilitation of PA Road Network in 2010 8 Table 2.3: Survey and Demarcation of Protected Area Boundaries in 2010. 9 Table 2.4: Sign Boards Established in 2010 10 Table 2.5: Management of Grasslands in Wildlife Regions in 2010 11 Table 2.6: Removal of Invasive Species in 2010 11 Table 2.7: Maintenance of Fire Belts in 2010 11 Table 2.8: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Moragahakanda Project in 2010 12 Table 2.9: Wildlife Conservation Activities under Weheragala Project in 2010 12 Table 3.1: Number of Cases Prosecuted in 2010 14 Table 3.2: Progress of Action Plan Activities for 2010 15 Table 4.1: Regional Distribution of Elephant Deaths from 2006-2010 16 Table 4.2: Regional Distribution of Human Deaths 17 Table 4.3: Regional Distribution of Injuries to Human due to Elephant Attacks (2006-2010) 18 Table 4.4: Regional Distribution of Property Damages (2006-2010) 19 Table 4.5: New Electric Fences erected in 2010 21 Table 4.6: Procurement of Thunder Flares and Serphent Flares in 2010 22 Table 4.7: Distribution of the Thunder Flares and Serphent Flares in 2010 22 Table 4.8: Compensation Paid in 2010 22 Table 4.9: Capture and Translocation of Elephants in 2010 23 Table 4.10: Elephant Drives in 2010 24 Table 4.11: Gajamithuro Project – Progress in 2010 24 Table 5.1: Research Studies Undertaken by DWC Staff in 2010 26 Table 5.2: Collaborative Research Projects for 2010 27 Table 5.3: Short-term Special Training Programmes Conducted for Wildlife Officers in 2010 29 Table 5.4 : Regular Training Programmes Conducted at NWTRC in 2010 30 Table 5.5 Awareness programmes conducted by NWTRC 31 Table 5.6 Financial Progress of NWTRC 31 Table 5.7: Foreign Training Programmes Participated by Wildlife Officers in 2010 32 Table 5.8: Seminars, Exhibitions and Awareness Programmes Conducted in 2010. -
Part 5: List of Annexes
PART 5: LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1: Letter of Endorsement Annex 2: Site Description and Maps Annex 3: Climate change Vulnerability and Adaptation Summary Annex 4: Incremental Cost Analysis Annex 5: Stakeholder Involvement Plan Annex 6: List of contacts Annex 7: Socioeconomic Status Report Annex 8: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Annex 9: Bibliography Annex 10: Logical Framework Analysis Annex 11: Response to STAP Review Annex 12: Letter of Commitment- Coast Conservation Department Annex 13: Letter of Commitment- Ministry of Environment Annex 14: Letter of Commitment- International Fund for Agricultural Development _________________________________________________________________________________________________51 Tsunami Coastal Restoration in Eastern Sri Lanka Annex 2: Site Description and Maps Preamble The project is designed for the restoration and rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems. The initial emphasis of this five-year project will be on developing a scientifically based, low-cost, community-based approach to rehabilitating key coastal ecosystems at specific sites in the East Coast and facilitating replication of these techniques all along the East Coast (and in due course other tsunami-affected coasts). Three sites representing three major ecosystems – mangroves, coastal lagoons, and sand dunes –have been identified for piloting these themes. The selection was based on outputs from the Threats Analysis and the following criteria. 1. Hotspot analysis: sites where the tsunami effect was severe on the ecosystems and post tsunami reconstructions are in progress, global/national biodiversity importance exist, concentration of various resource users and their high dependency over the available resources exist and user conflicts exist. 2. Accessibility: accessibility by road was a criterion for selecting pilot sites 3. Absence of ongoing management and monitoring projects: sites at which on-going projects have not being considered for selection 4. -
Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Article Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Manjula Ranagalage 1,2,* , M. H. J. P. Gunarathna 3 , Thilina D. Surasinghe 4 , Dmslb Dissanayake 2 , Matamyo Simwanda 5 , Yuji Murayama 1 , Takehiro Morimoto 1 , Darius Phiri 5 , Vincent R. Nyirenda 6 , K. T. Premakantha 7 and Anura Sathurusinghe 7 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (T.M.) 2 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 3 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02325, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.P.) 6 Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] 7 Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Wildlife Resources, 82, Rajamalwatta Road, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka; [email protected] (K.T.P.); [email protected] (A.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 28 July 2020; Published: 1 August 2020 Abstract: Forest-cover change has become an important topic in global biodiversity conservation in recent decades because of the high rates of forest loss in different parts of the world, especially in the tropical region. -
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka a Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka A Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners Updated: April 2018 by Bhikkhu Nyanatusita Introduction In Sri Lanka there are many forest hermitages and meditation centres suitable for foreign Buddhist monastics or for experienced lay Buddhists. The following information is particularly intended for foreign bhikkhus, those who aspire to become bhikkhus, and those who are experienced lay practitioners. Another guide is available for less experienced, short term visiting lay practitioners. Factors such as climate, food, noise, standards of monastic discipline (vinaya), dangerous animals and accessibility have been considered with regard the places listed in this work. The book Sacred Island by Ven. S. Dhammika—published by the BPS—gives exhaustive information regarding ancient monasteries and other sacred sites and pilgrimage places in Sri Lanka. The Amazing Lanka website describes many ancient monasteries as well as the modern (forest) monasteries located at the sites, showing the exact locations on satellite maps, and giving information on the history, directions, etc. There are many monasteries listed in this guides, but to get a general idea of of all monasteries in Sri Lanka it is enough to see a couple of monasteries connected to different traditions and in different areas of the country. There is no perfect place in samṃsāra and as long as one is not liberated from mental defilements one will sooner or later start to find fault with a monastery. There is no monastery which is perfectly quiet and where the monks are all arahants. Rather than trying to find the perfect external place, which does not exist, it is more realistic to be content with an imperfect place and learn to deal with the defilements that come up in one’s mind. -
MICE-Proposal-Sri-Lanka-Part-2.Pdf
Sri Lanka East Coast Region Trincomalee , a port city on the northeast coast of Sri Lanka. Set on a peninsula, Fort Frederick was built by the Portuguese in the 17th century. Trincomalee is one of the main centers of Tamil speaking culture on the island. The beaches are used for scuba diving, snorkeling and whale watching. The city also has the largest Dutch Fort in Sri Lanka. Best for: blue-whale watching. Arugam Bay, Arugam Bay is a unique and spectacular golden sandy beach on the East coast, located close to Pottuvil in the Ampara district. It is one of the best surfing spots in the world and hosts a number of international surfing competitions. Best for: Surfing & Ethnic Charm The beach of Pasikudah, which boasts one of the longest stretches of shallow coastline in the world. Sri Lanka ‘s Cultural Triangle Sri Lanka’s Cultural triangle is situated in the centre of the island and covers an area which includes 5 World Heritage cultural sites(UNESCO) of the Sacred City of Anuradhapura, the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa, the Ancient City of Sigiriya, the Ancient City of Dambulla and the Sacred City of Kandy. Due to the constructions and associated historical events, some of which are millennia old, these sites are of high universal value; they are visited by many pilgrims, both laymen and the clergy (prominently Buddhist), as well as by local and foreign tourists. Kandy the second largest city in Sri- Lanka and a UNESCO world heritage site, due its rich, vibrant culture and history. This historic city was the Royal Capital during the 16th century and maintains its sanctified glory predominantly due to the sacred temples. -
'Cave' at NAGALA ROCK Or, Perhaps: Nagolla Gala / Nagollagala; Or: Nikawae-Kanda Frequently Visited but Speleologically Unexplor
'Cave' at NAGALA ROCK or, perhaps: Nagolla Gala / Nagollagala; or: Nikawae-kanda Frequently visited but speleologically unexplored and not mapped natural or man-made sacred cave, rock shelter (temple cave) or rock-cut chamber ('cave' temple). LOCATION: Sri Lanka: North Western province: Kurunegala (Kurunaegala) district: Maho town: Galgamuwa - Nikawewa road area: Nikawewa (Nikawae) village: "Nagala Rock" (Nikawae Kanda; perhaps: Nagolla Gala, Nagollagala). POSITION: (If at Nagolla), WGS84 (unspecified horizontal precision error) N 07°48': E 080°24' / N 7.8°: E 80.4° <www.nima.mil/geonames> (accessed 16.11.2003). MAPS: Survey of Ceylon (One Inch series) sheet: unidentified; AMS sheet: NB44-02. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES: Ceylon Traveller 1984; Parker, H. 1909. A »temple cave« (CEYLON TRAVELLER 1983: 150) or »series of natural caves« (PARKER 1909: 332). SITUATION 1 (PARKER 1909: 332): »High up on the precipitous eastern side of Nikawae-kanda [mountain at Nikawae / Nikawewa], a steep rocky hill in the North-western Province.« SITUATION 2 (CEYLON TRAVELLER 1983: 150): Nagala Rock (note 1) is reached by bearing left at the top of the climb to the tiny, hideously "restored" but beautifully located cult spot ( either a man-made "cave temple" = rock chamber or a modified natural temple cave), which clings like a wild bees' nest to the face of Nagala rock near that Nikawewa (note 2), which lies »13 miles« (21 km, probably along the road and possibly east-northeast) from the Rest House at Maho (note 3). CAVE DESCRIPTION 1 (PARKER 1909: 332): »… a series of natural caves. Some of these contained statues, and one had also a small dagaba which had been demolished by treasure seekers, so that only a little of the lower part remained.« CULTURAL HISTORY - Human use: According to PARKER (1909: 332), »… an early monastery was established.« PARKER (1909: 334) narrates how »… about eight years ago, Selaratna Thera, the energetic superior of the monastery now at the foot of the hill, undertook the restoration of the cave wihara [vihara]. -
An Economic Analysis of Intersectoral Water Allocation In
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERSECTORAL WATER ALLOCATION IN SOUTHEASTERN SRI LANKA BY SARATH PARAKRAMA WELIGAMAGE A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY School of Earth and Environmental Sciences AUGUST 2011 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of SARATH PARAKRAMA WELIGAMAGE find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________ Keith A. Blatner, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ C. Richard Shumway, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Jill J. McCluskey, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT Earning a PhD from WSU fulfills a long held aspiration in my life to earn a doctorate from a US university. I thank all those who have contributed to my achieving this goal at Washington State University. Frank Rijsberman, Director General (2001-2007) of the International Water Management Institute (IWWI), was the key person behind meeting my aspiration to earn a PhD. His vision and passion for capacity building of scientific manpower in the South led to the initiation of the IWMI’s program for capacity building that supported my dissertation research. Frank also authorized the initial support for my PhD program. I thank Frank’s successor Colin Chartres, and David Molden, Interim Director General for continued support to me. At WSU, my major professor Keith Blatner was the key person behind fulfilling my goals. In addition to his unmatched knowledge spanning across many disciplines, Keith was a constant source of support and I also appreciate his compassion and empathy. I thank Richard Shumway for helping me fulfill my academic aspirations at a very high level. -
Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka Report
Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka A multi-agency approach coordinated by Central Environment Authority and Disaster Management Centre, Supported by United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Environment Programme Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka November 2014 A Multi-agency approach coordinated by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) of the Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy and Disaster Management Centre (DMC) of the Ministry of Disaster Management, supported by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Integrated Strategic Environment Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka ISBN number: 978-955-9012-55-9 First edition: November 2014 © Editors: Dr. Ananda Mallawatantri Prof. Buddhi Marambe Dr. Connor Skehan Published by: Central Environment Authority 104, Parisara Piyasa, Battaramulla Sri Lanka Disaster Management Centre No 2, Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 7 Sri Lanka Related publication: Map Atlas: ISEA-North ii Message from the Hon. Minister of Environment and Renewable Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a systematic decision support process, aiming to ensure that due consideration is given to environmental and other sustainability aspects during the development of plans, policies and programmes. SEA is widely used in many countries as an aid to strategic decision making. In May 2006, the Cabinet of Ministers approved a Cabinet of Memorandum -
(Ifasina) Willeyi Horn (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of Sri Lanka
JoTT COMMUNI C ATION 3(2): 1493-1505 The current occurrence, habitat and historical change in the distribution range of an endemic tiger beetle species Cicindela (Ifasina) willeyi Horn (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of Sri Lanka Chandima Dangalle 1, Nirmalie Pallewatta 2 & Alfried Vogler 3 1,2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka 3 Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Email: 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Date of publication (online): 26 February 2011 Abstract: The current occurrence, habitat and historical change in distributional range Date of publication (print): 26 February 2011 are studied for an endemic tiger beetle species, Cicindela (Ifasina) willeyi Horn of Sri ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893 (print) Lanka. At present, the species is only recorded from Maha Oya (Dehi Owita) and Handapangoda, and is absent from the locations where it previously occurred. The Editor: K.A. Subramanian current habitat of the species is explained using abiotic environmental factors of the Manuscript details: climate and soil recorded using standard methods. Morphology of the species is Ms # o2501 described by studying specimens using identification keys for the genus and comparing Received 02 July 2010 with specimens available at the National Museum of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The DNA Final received 29 December 2010 barcode of the species is elucidated using the mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence of Finally accepted 05 January 2011 eight specimens of Cicindela (Ifasina) willeyi. The study suggests that Maha Oya (Dehi Owita) and Handapangoda are suitable habitats.