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TOME X1X-1981. N° 3 (Juillet- Septembre) ,,,13.3K ACADNIE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES INSTITUT D'ÉTUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES TOME X1X-1981. N° 3 (juillet- Septembre) ,,,13.3k, Mélanges offerts au XVI Congrès Internationald'gtudes Byzantines Vienne, Octobre 1981 ,rjasensalinco- EDITURA ACADEME' REPUBLIC!' SOCIALISTE ROMANIA www.dacoromanica.ro Comité de rédaction Rédacteur en chef adjoint: ALE XANDRU DUTU Membres du comité: EMIL CONDURACH I, AL. ELIAN, VALENTIN GEORGESCU, H. MIHAESCU, COSTIN MURGESCU, D.M. PIPPIDI, M HAI POP, AL ROSETTI, EUGEN STANESCU Secrétalre du comité: LIDIA SIM ION La REVUE DES ÉTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES paratt 4 fois par an. Toute com- mande de l'étranger (fascicules ou abonnement) sera adressée a ILEXIM. Departa- mentul Export-Import Presa, P. 0. Box 136-137, télex 11226, str. 13 Decembrie, n° 3, R-79517 Bucurefti, Romania ou i ses représentants i l'étranger. Le prix d'un abonnement est de a 50 par an. La correspondence, les manuscrits et les publications (livres, hevues, etc.) envoyés pour comptes rendus seront adressés i "INSTITUT D'ÉTUDES SUD-ESt EURO- PtENNES, 71119 Bucumti, sectorul 1, str. I.C. Frimu, 9, téléphone 50 75 25, pour la REVUE DES ÉTUDES SUD-EST EUROPCENNES Les articles seront remis clactylographiés en deux exempiaires. Les collaborateurs sont priés de ne pas dépasser les limites de 25-30 pages dactylographiées pour les articles et 5-6 pages pour les comptes rendus. EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC!' SOCIALISTE ROMANIA Calea VIctorlel n° 125, t616phone 50 76 80, 79 717 BucureolRominla www.dacoromanica.ro a 11BM TOME XIX 1981 Juillet Septembre N° 3 SOMMA IRE Mélanges offerts auXVIeCongrès International d'Études Byzantines Vienne, octobre 1981 Hommes et choses HARALAMBIE MIHAESCU, Les termes byzantins (3Eppov, (3lppos casaque, tunique d'homme e et yoZívoc e fourrure 425 EMANUELA POPESCU-MIHUT, Contributions a l'étude des mots latins dans la littérature juridique byzantine 433 ANDRE GUILLOU (Paris), Outils et travail dans les Balkans duXIIIeauXIXesiécle 443 OCTAVIAN ILIESCU, Notes en marge d'une monographie récente concernant la Romanie génoise 451 LAURA BALLETTO (Genova), Marchands italiens en Orient auXIIesiècle. De Savone a Byzance en 1179 463 SILVIA BARASCHI, Les sources byzantines et la localisation de la cité de Kilia siècles) 473 PETRE DIACONU, Un dénéral monétiforme trouvé à Pacuiul lui Soare 485 Productions artistiques et société ION BARNEA, Le cripte delle basiliche paleocristiane della Scizia Minore 489 VASILI PUTKO (Kaluga), OAenunepaacnux Opaemenmax Hepycanumexoll 'lean- mupu. 1053-1054 ea 507 CORNELIA PILLAT, Quelques notes sur le thème de la Déisis et son emplacement dans la peinture murale roumaine du Moyen Age 517 MARIA GEORGESCU, The Kiosk o fthe Princely Court of Tirgoviste and Its Place in the Architecture of the 17th and the 18th centuries 531 Structures sociales et relations politiques EUGENIA ZAHARIA, Cher die FriihmittelalterlichenDbrfgemeinschaftenDie sozialbkonomische und milittir-politische Rolle 543 AURELIAN PETRE, Byzance et Scythie Mineure au VII° siècle: 555 REV. gTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XIX, 3, P. 423-640. BUCAREST, 1981 www.dacoromanica.ro 424 JOHANNES IRMSCHER (Berlin), Hellenische Polis und byzantinisches Staatsdenken 569 NICOLAE-8ERBAN TANA$OCA, De la Vlachie des Assénides au Second Empire Bulgare 581 STELIAN BREZEANU, 'Blachi' and 'Getae' on the Lower Danube in the Early Thir- teenth Century 595 J. G. NANDRIS (London), The Role of "Vlah" and its Rulers on Athos and Sinai 605 TUDOR TEOTEOI, Ascalon A Mistaken Toponym in The Life of Niphon II, Pa- triarch of Constantinople 611 Comptes rendus coala muzicalA de la Putna. Manuscrisul nr. 56/544/576 (Adriana .5irli); Inscriptille antice din Dacia O. Scythia Minor (Haralambie Milidescu); GHEORGHE I. BRA- TIANU, Traditia istoria despre Intemelerea statelor romAnWi (Lucian Boia); NICOLAE CARTOJAN, Istoria literaturii romAne vechl (Weilina Velculescu); Enlightenment and Romanian Society (Andrei Pippidi); The Past in Medieval and Modern Greek Culture (Lia Brad); RomAnia in relatiile internationale (Alexandru Zub). 623 www.dacoromanica.ro Hommes et chose LES TERMES BYZANTINSßíppov, píppos «CASAQUE, TUNIQUE D'HOMME» ET yoilvcc « FOURRURE H. MIHAESCU Dans l'antiquité, les fourrures et les vêtements de peau parvenaient en Grèce et en Italie par voie commerciale, surtout par mer, et cela de deux directions principales :du monde celtico-germanique,c'est-A-dire de Gaule, de Bretagne et de la Germanie, ou de l'Orient, notamment de Méso- potamie, de Perse, d'Asie Mineure, du Pont Euxin et de PAsie Centrale. Les voies terrestres vers l'Europe Centrale et Orientale étaient plus diff ciles et en conséquence moins fréquentées 1. C'est pourquoi les points de départ, l'expansion et l'évolution des termes susmentionnés doivent are recherchés le long des grandes artères commerciales, en rapport étroit avec les objets qu'ils désignent, avec la matière première, leur mode de con- fection, leur destination et le milieu social où ils circulaient. En grec, le terme p tepov ou (3Eppog est attesté pour la première fois autour de 180 de n.6. dans l'ouvrage 'Ovetpoxpyrusec (« Interpréta- tons de réves ») d'Artémidore de Daldis (Lydie) :)0,041.6q 86, vgm& oi Siicpecr-rptaoc,ot 8i pEppovx(xXoCiat. 2.Les trois synonymes ne se recouvraient du point de vue sémantique qu.'approximativement. Le vAtement court nommé 1.tavaúl ou ii.o:vaúag qui était en drap de grosse laine et n'était porté que par les hommes, provenait de Perse. Le mot iapeas-ptg, créé sur le territoire de la langue grecque, avait un sens plus général et désignait habituellement une sorte de manteau court, porté par les hommes et les femmes de toutes les couches sociales. En échange, le 13Eppov ou ßEppov, y compris son diminutif3cppL6v, attesté dans les papyrus A partir du II' siècle, avait un sens plus restreint, à savoir « capote A capuchon, kurzer Mantel mit Kapuze », et s'adressait A une clientèle de riches 3. La présence de ce terme dans edictum de pretiis rerum vena/ium promulgué en 301 par l'empereur Dioclétien montre que l'objet qu'il désignait circulait dans l'empire et apparaissait dans les transactions commerciales. L'ouvrage Historia Lausiaca de Palladius le mentionne en * AbréviationsCG1L = Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, edd. G. Loewe G. Goetz, t. V, Leipzig, 1910; PG = Patrologia Graeca, éd. J. P. Migne, Paris ; RE = Pauly Wissowa, Realencycloplidie der Altertumswissenschaft, Stuttgart ;Th1L = Thesaurus linguae Latinae, Leipzig. M. Besnier, dans Daremberg Saglio, Dictionnaire des antigun& grecques et romaines, t. IV, Paris, 1908, P. 371-374; K. Schneider, RE, Stuttgart, 1937, p. 367-373. 2 Artemidori Oneirocritica, 2, 4 (6d. R. Hercher, Paris, 1864, p. 88, 7). 8 F. PreisigkeE. Kiessling, W6rterbuch des griechischen Papyrusurkunden, t. IV, Berlin, 1944, p. 367. REV. tTUDES SUD-EST EUROP.. XIX, 3, P. 425-432, BUCAREST, 1981 www.dacoromanica.ro 426 HARALAMBIE MIHAESCU 2 420 comme objet du culte, à até de mrtxciptov « robe sacerdota/e » (kx(36v icLuTori crrrtxc'EpLov xcci -rò13Lppív),ce qui prouve qu'il avait pénétré aussi dans la terminologie ecclésiastique 4. Les lexiques du moyen Age l'expliquent de manière stéréotype :f3tppov,ip.GCTLOV illoy.ceix6v,ce qui semble indiquer que le terme était considéré comme d'origine latine et l'objet comme circulant dans les sphères nobiliaires 5. De toute façon, tant l'étoffe que le vAtement désignés par ce terme étaient en tissu fin, soie ou pourpre : quand le tissu ne présentait aucun mélange de qualité inférieure,on l'appelait6X613tppov on 6X6pleov,c'est-à-dire« entière- ment en soie ou en pourpre » 8. La première partie de ce composé était devenue productive en grec, apparaissant dans un grand nombre de mots, méme dans des mots empruntés au latin, comme :6X6ypacpog holo- graphus « écrit entièrement de sa propre main », 6X6xXlpoq holoclerus « héritage qui forme un tout », 6Xoxciptcdp.ccholocarpoma «fruit intégral, offrande »,6XoxcoSav.ocrt.q holocaustosis« combustion intégrale,sacri- fice », X6 xccu aTo holocaustus «holocauste », CIVAcq./.7coq hololampus « qui brille partout »,6Xoolinx6q holosericus « entièrement en soie », óXioxpucro; holochrysus « entièrement en or ». Avec le temps, ce procédé s'est imposé aussi, partiellement, dams la langue latine, où l'on rencontre également un composé hybride, holovitreus « entièrement en verre » 7. Sous l'influence du terme 6MpLppov ou 6X613.qpov contaminé avec l'adjectif verus, -a, -um « vrai, authentique », on est arrivé par étymologie popu- laire à la forme holoverum, attesté d'abord dans l'Empire d'Orient 8. La voyelle i de birrus était courte et se confondait avec e dans la langue parlée, ce qui est confirmé également par les reflets des langues romanes occidentales (occitan beret, fr.beret, it. berretto )9. La fluctuation dans la prononciation de la voyelle i courte en e (dans la langue parlée) et en i (dams la langue écrite) pent étre observée aussi sur le territoire de la langue grecque, car le lexique de Hésyche du VP siècle enregistrait les variantes :(34(56v &aciú« velu, poilu »,pt(siso .aocaú,«velu,poilu » et(3)1píaeginc8o84.ct-ca, & i4LET.q ii.43dckq Xiyop.ev« chaussure de luxe faite de fourrur es d'animaux » N. La consonne (3 de l'alphabet grec était prononcée y après le Me siècle, cependant que la voyelle latine e longue se confondait normalement avec la prononciation i dans les emprunts d'origine latine de la littérature byzantine (catena xaTijva, esca- 4 E. A. Sophocles, Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods (from B.C. 146 to A.D. 1100), Cambridge, Massachusetts/New York, 1887, s.v. ; Palladii Helenopolitani episcopi Historia Lausiaca, PG, XXXIV, 1860, c.1235 B. 5 Suidae Lexicon, éd. Ada Adler, Leipzig, 1928/1931, s.v. ;Ioannis Zonarae Lexicon edidit J. A. Tittmann, Leipzig, 1808, p. 389; CEuvres complètes de Gennade Scholarios, publiées par Louis Petit, X. A. Sideridès et Martin Jogie, t. VIII, Paris, 1936, p. 428, 32. D. KOTKOTAH, BlAccvrtvi5v [Hog xcci.warrccrizik (Vieet civilisation byzantine), t. VI, Athénes, 1955, p.281. Th1L, t. VI, Leipzig, 1938, p.
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