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Repellant Beauty: a Rational Inquiry Into 21St Century

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Repellant Beauty: a Rational Inquiry Into 21St Century REPELLANT BEAUTY: A RATIONAL INQUIRY INTO 21ST CENTURY PATENTED LODE MINE USE by John Gaeddert A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy and Administration Boise State University May 2018 © 2018 John Gaeddert ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS of the dissertation submitted by John Gaeddert Dissertation Title: Repellant Beauty: A Rational Inquiry into 21st Century Patented Lode Mine Use Date of Final Oral Examination: 28 February 2018 The following individuals read and discussed the dissertation submitted by student John Gaeddert, and they evaluated his presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. Gregory Hill, Ph.D. Co-Chair, Supervisory Committee Nicholas (Luke) Fowler, Ph.D. Co-Chair, Supervisory Committee Monica L. Hubbard, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee The final reading approval of the dissertation was granted by Luke Fowler, Ph.D., and Greg Hill, Ph.D., Co-Chairs of the Supervisory Committee. The dissertation was approved by the Graduate College. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents, girls and wife who I have with me- always. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In titling this dissertation Repellant Beauty, I acknowledge a passage by Dr. Francaviglia (1991) in Hard Places: Reading the Landscape of America’s Historic Mining Districts, which stayed with me as a recurring theme while writing. The text reads, “The creators of mining landscapes have provided us settings that are difficult to view with neutrality, for these landscapes appeal and repel simultaneously. The fact that we judge landscapes aesthetically and moralistically makes their interpretation all the more interesting.” I would also like to thank a number of friends and colleagues who provided professional expertise, guidance, and encouragement during my journey including my supervisory committee professors from Boise State University Dr. Luke Fowler, Dr. Greg Hill and Dr. Monica Hubbard, cartographer and GIS specialist Jim Liesenfeld, land use attorneys JoAnn Butler and Jim Phillips, statisticians Karen Austin and Ronnie Toplyn, and Mining Engineer Jim Koonce. v ABSTRACT Rationalistic, incentive-based redevelopment objectives must comply with regulatory entitlement requirements that enmesh broader community goals. These community goals include site reclamation, environmental protection, and smart growth land use development measures. The focus of this dissertation is to better understand both the economic and community factors affecting the use of approximately 3,500,000 acres of patented lode mine (PLM) lands in the West. Study methods use a unique dataset compiled from BLM land patent documents, Idaho property assessment records, USGS mineral resource data, and GIS-derived surface estate measures to analyze effects of a set of jurisdictional, mineral estate, surface estate, and control variables. Findings provide evidence to the role economically-liberal policies have on the use of PLMs. Additionally, factors affecting other prominent PLM uses, such as active mining and neglect, are complicated by policies that create information asymmetries around PLM’s mineral estates. As such, conflicts between economic and non-market dimensions of PLM use in Idaho provide significant insights into land use choices and redevelopment across the West. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................v ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xvi LIST OF MAPS .............................................................................................................. xvii LIST OF PICTURES ..................................................................................................... xviii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... xix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................1 History of Patented Lode Mines ..............................................................................4 Competing Values in Land Use ...............................................................................7 Overview of Eight Chapters...................................................................................13 CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND .................................................................................15 Historical Importance of Lode Mining ..................................................................16 Changing Historical Perspectives and Policies ......................................................22 First Possession ..........................................................................................22 Free Access ................................................................................................26 Evolving Perspectives on the 1872 Mining Act ........................................26 Current Regulations Affecting Mining in the West ...............................................30 vii The 1872 Mining Act Today ......................................................................31 Complex Framework of Laws atop the 1872 Mining Act .........................33 State and Local Influence ...........................................................................34 Regulatory Federalism ...............................................................................35 Mineral Patent Land ...................................................................................36 State Pre-emption .......................................................................................37 Reclamation ...............................................................................................38 Other Policies Affecting PLMs ..................................................................39 A Contextual Analysis of Idaho’s Mineral Taxation Statute .................................41 Policy Context: Viable Mineral Resource .................................................42 Historic and Current Gold and Silver Mining in Idaho .............................42 Idaho’s Valuation of Mines for Taxation: Idaho Code §63-2801..............49 CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................55 Competing Values in Environmental Policy..........................................................57 Changing Values in PLM Use ...............................................................................61 Renewed Mining and Reclamation ............................................................67 Neglect and Gentrification .........................................................................69 Practical Challenges in Land Use Policy: Brownfield Redevelopment.................76 Gaps in the Literature.............................................................................................81 CHAPTER FOUR: RATIONAL CHOICE AS THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATENTED LODE MINE USE ...........................................86 Background on Rational Choice ................................................................86 Rational Choice in Context: Brownfields ..................................................93 Rational Choice in Context: PLMs ............................................................95 viii The Rational Actor .....................................................................................97 Impacts of Information Asymmetry.........................................................101 Bounded Rationally .................................................................................102 Consequences of the Polis Versus the Market Perspective .....................104 PLM Decision-making in Practice ...........................................................107 Conclusion ...............................................................................................109 CHAPTER FIVE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS .........................................112 Quantitative Data Analysis ..................................................................................114 Logit Regression ......................................................................................116 Descriptive Statistics ................................................................................118 Data Collection and Measurement .......................................................................122 Unit of Analysis .......................................................................................122 Data Sources ............................................................................................124 Operationalized Study Variables .............................................................129 Research Propositions ..........................................................................................144 Surface Estate...........................................................................................145
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