DOCSLIB.ORG

LIVING with LEAD: an ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY of IDAHO's COEUR D'alenes, 1885-2011 by Bradley Dean Snow a Dissertation Submitte

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LIVING with LEAD: an ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY of IDAHO's COEUR D'alenes, 1885-2011 by Bradley Dean Snow a Dissertation Submitte LIVING WITH LEAD: AN ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF IDAHO’S COEUR D’ALENES, 1885-2011 by Bradley Dean Snow A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April, 2012 ©COPYRIGHT by Bradley Dean Snow 2012 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a dissertation submitted by Bradley Dean Snow This dissertation has been read by each member of the dissertation committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency and is ready for submission to The Graduate School. Dr. Mary Murphy Approved for the Department of History, Philosophy and Religious Studies Dr. David Cherry Approved for The Graduate School Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. I further agree that copying of this dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for extensive copying or reproduction of this dissertation should be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, to whom I have granted “the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my abstract in any format whole or in part.” Bradley Dean Snow April, 2012 iv DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my amazing, wonderful children: Nathan, Francesca, Grant, and Willa. You guys make life worthwhile. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to acknowledge all the efforts of my fine committee, without whose support and guidance this work would be much-impoverished. Tim LeCain, Michael Reidy, Rob Campbell and Dale Martin all have provided insights, suggestions and critiques that have significantly expanded and improved the dissertation. By far the most significant influence on the work, however, has been my incredible committee Chair, Mary Murphy, whose patient guidance, tireless editing, unfailing good cheer, and deep wisdom have enabled me to do work that otherwise would have been beyond my grasp. In addition, I want to acknowledge all the support and critical feedback that I have received from my fellow Montana State University History and Geography graduate students, particularly E. Jerry Jessee, Bob Gardner, Matt Fockler, Andrew Johnson, Paul Sivitz and Dan Zizzamia. I also would like to acknowledge the tremendous research support that has been granted me on my numerous visits to Special Collections at the University of Idaho Library. All of the staff there has been most helpful, but Julie Monroe stands out for her unfailing interest in my project and her great assistance to the research that is its foundation. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the critical, eleventh hour formatting assistance provided by my Livingston, Montana neighbor and friend John Gregory, whose abundant computer skills mirror my lack thereof. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION…..……………..………..………………………………………….1 2. THE USEFUL METAL….……………..……………………………………………..20 The Useful Metal and “the Good War”………………………………...……………..23 3. UNCLE BUNKER’S TOWN………………………………..………………………..66 The Makeup of Kellogg…………………………………….…………………………73 Labor Strife Molds Bunker Hill-Kellogg Relationship…….…………………….…...76 Worried About Wobblies………….…………………………………………………100 Post-World War I Policies…-………………………………….…………………….104 4. LEAD CREEK……………………………………...………………………………..121 Early Days on the Coeur d’Alene.……….…………….….………………………….125 Shit Creek......………….……..……………………....…….…...……………………180 Enter the Feds...….………...…………………………………………………………190 5. FOUL HUMOURS I…………………………………………………………...…….200 Genesis: A Smelter Is Born…………………………………………………………..201 A Zinc Plant for Kellogg……………………………………………………………..210 “Legibility” and the New Environmental Regime...….….…………………………...238 Regulators and Tall Stacks…………………………….……………………………..241 Greening the Country……………………………….………………………………..243 6. FOUL HUMOURS II………………………………………………………………..248 Leaded Kids and the Company……………………………...………………………253 Smoke Gets in Their Eyes………………………....….…………………………...…275 Mr. Hooper Comes to Kellogg…………………….….………......………………….279 Bunker Hill’s Heavy Lead Burden……………….………...………………………..285 The Yoss Case…………………………….…………………………………………289 Proof of Harm………………………………….…………………………………… 295 7. ON LEAD’S FRONT LINES…………………………………….………………….307 Winds of Change……………………………………..………………………………338 OSHA Draws Fire…….……………………….……………………………………..344 Shifting Winds Bring a Different Tack………..…………….……………….………348 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS -- CONTINUED Health and Mortality Studies Shed Light……………………………………………351 8. A BRAVE NEW WORLD…………………………………………………………..361 A Difficult Day Dawns………………………….……………………………………368 Picking a Future……………………….……………………..……………….………373 Ski Town………………………………………………………..…………………….376 Wilkommen zu Kellogg………………..……………….……………………..………379 On Silver Mountain…………………….…….………….………..…………………..381 Resort Community……………………..………………...…………………………...382 A Superfund World………………….………………….….………………...……….385 Bike Paths to the Future……………..………..………………………………………393 9. EPILOGUE………………………………………………………...………………...401 10. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………..403 REFERENCES CITED……………………...………………………………………… 417 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Mean Blood Lead Levels of Children at Varying Distances From the Smelter Stack in 1974 and 1975 (ug/dl)………………………..…257 2. Mean Ambient Air Lead Concentrations at Varying Distances From the Smelter Stack, 1974……………………………………………….259 3. Mean Blood-Leads for Children Living 1-2.5 miles from the Smelter……………………………………………………………………….302 4. Mean Household Lead Dust Levels at Smelterville (ppm.)…………….…....303 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Kellogg-Wardner Portion of a 1957 USFS Map……………………………. 68 2. Undated Photo, Likely from a Miners Picnic……………………………… 106 3. 1972 USFS Map of the Coeur d’Alene River Basin………………………. 124 4. 1932 Map of the Upper Coeur d’Alene River Basin…………....………….148 5. 1932 Map of the Lower Coeur d’Alene River Basin……………………… 149 6. Bunker Hill Company Lead Smelter, 1917………...……………………… 204 7. Denuded Hillsides Surrounding the Bunker Hill’s Zinc Plant………...…... 231 8. Children Awaiting Blood-Lead Testing, Kellogg, August, 1974…...….…. 256 9. Bunker Hill Company Smelter Workers………...……………….………... 318 10. The View from Gondola Village, March, 2010………………………........ 378 11. Kellogg YMCA Building, March, 2010………….…..…………………… 399 x GLOSSARY A Vocabulary of Coeur d’Alenes’ Mine, Mill and Smelter Wastes Location, Phase of Production Intended Product Byproduct, Waste Mine Ore Waste Rock Mill, Concentrator (flotation) Concentrates Tailings: Sands or Slimes Smelter Lead Bullion SO2, Fumes, Smoke, Slag Electrolytic Refinery 99.99% Refined Zinc SO2 Terminology Concentrates: The desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore as part of the milling process Fume: An often irritating or offensive smoke, vapor, or gas produced through the smelting process Mill: A unit operation designed to grind or break ore into smaller pieces. Ore: A naturally occurring mineral that contains a valuable constituent, such as metal, for which it is mined and worked. Sands: The larger waste materials (i.e., tailings) remaining after the milling of ores has been completed. Slag: The stony waste matter separated from metals during the smelting or refining of ore. Slimes: A product of wet crushing consisting of ore ground so fine as to pass a 200-mesh screen, waste from the milling process. Smelter: An industrial facility whose purpose is to produce a metal from an ore. Tailings: The waste material (i.e., sands or slimes) left over after milling or concentrating ore. xi .ABSTRACT The Coeur d’Alenes, a twenty-five by ten mile portion of the Idaho Panhandle, is home to one of the most productive mining districts in world history. Historically the globe’s richest silver district and also one of the nation’s biggest lead and zinc producers, the Coeur d’Alenes’ legacy also includes environmental pollution on an epic scale. For decades local waters were fouled with tailings from the mining district’s more than one hundred mines and mills and the air surrounding Kellogg, Idaho was laced with lead and other toxic heavy metals issuing from the Bunker Hill Company’s smelter. The same industrial processes that damaged the environment and harmed human health, however, also provided economic sustenance to thousands of local residents and a string of proud, working class communities. This dissertation constitutes an effort to explore and untangle the costs and benefits of a century of mining, milling and smelting in a relatively small, isolated Western enclave. 1 INTRODUCTION October 5, 1974: Idaho Governor Cecil Andrus had an announcement to make. The first-term Democrat was a conservationist who had campaigned on a pledge to block an open pit molybdenum mine in central Idaho’s White Cloud Mountains. Today, he informed Idahoans, the Bunker Hill Company had agreed to drop plans to sponsor a lead- zinc trade group’s study of a lead-health scare involving the Kellogg area and instead support an Idaho Department of Health and Welfare study of the situation.1 The governor also noted that the company’s agreement with the state included the provision that it would provide “appropriate medical treatment to those affected” and that Bunker Hill would take steps to reduce its lead and particulate emissions.2 The announcement
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Register of Historic Places
    NFSForm 10-900 (7-81) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries complete applicable sections 1. Name historic Tourtellotte and Hummel Architecture>in 2. Location N_/A- not for publication city, town N/A N/A_ vicinity of state code ' county N/A code 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public X occupied agriculture museum building(s) private X unoccupied X commercial park . structure x both work in progress X educational _ X_ private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible X entertainment x religious object N/A jn process yes: restricted X government scientific X Thematic N^A_ being considered X yes: unrestricted industrial transportation Group no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Multiple owners (see individual inventory sheets) city, town N/A N/A vicinity of 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Multiple (see individual inventory sheets) N/A N/A state Idaho 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title Idaho State Historic Sites Survey has this property been determined eligible? __yes _X_ no 1972 date . federal X state county local depository for survey records Idaho State Historical Society city, town Boise state Idaho 7. Description Condition N/A Check one N/A check one N/A excellent deteriorated unaltered original site good ruins altered moved date N/A fair unexposed See Individual Inventory forms. Describe the present and original (iff known) physical appearance The unifying theme of this nomination is the design of all structures included in it by members of the Boise-based architectural firm of John E.
    [Show full text]
  • INSIDE: • Adding Amenities to Attract Offi Ce Tenants • Finding the Best Use for Downtown Boise’S Parking Lots
    VOLUME 5, NO. 1 IDAHO BUSINESS REVIEW 2019 Property and Facilities Management INSIDE: • Adding amenities to attract offi ce tenants • Finding the best use for downtown Boise’s parking lots A QUARTERY SUPPLEMENT OF THE IDAHO BUSINESS REVIEW Runs an architecture firm. Saves energy for the Employs 100 people. J.R. Simplot Company. Works in an open, Has 10,000 coworkers. collaborative office. Enjoys visiting production plants. Likes to save money. Likes to save money. Kent Hanway, Don Strickler, CSHQA Simplot No matter the business, we all want to save money. That’s one thing every business has in common, regardless of size. With Idaho Power’s Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Program, you can get incentives now on upgrades that will save you even more in the future. You’ll also be supporting wise and efficient use of resources in the place we all call home. To see how easily you can save, visit our website. idahopower.com/business January 18, 2019 | www.idahobusinessreview.com| SQUARE FEET quarterly IDAHO BUSINESS REVIEW publication | 3 IDAHO Editor’s note BUSINESS REVIEW By Kim Burgess Volume 5 No. 1 January 18, 2018 950 W. Bannock St., Suite 1100 #1136 I Boise, ID 83702 State to become the business editor at amenities and apartment projects by the daily newspaper in Santa Fe, New GROUP PUBLISHER Steve Sinovic, our new construction/ Lisa Blossman — 504-834-9292 Mexico. While we were sorry to lose real estate reporter. Steve covers the [email protected] Teya, it’s nice to see a hard-working growing trend of upgraded offi ces that PUBLISHER Cindy Suffa — 208-639-3517 journalist win a promotion and end up off er perks like game rooms, basketball [email protected] in a place that suits him to a T.
    [Show full text]
  • Silver Valley Idaho 2010–2011 Community Resource & Relocation Guide
    EDUCATION economic overvieW housinG RECREATION medical silver valley idaho 2010–2011 community resource & relocation Guide www.nygaardpromotions.com The Mouse Pad Hello, neighbor! 208.682.3669 509.723.2293 You are the center of our business • Computer Services WardwellWardwell InsuranceInsurance AgcyAgcy Inc Please stop by and say, “Hi!” • Home and Small Office Networking AnitaAnita Wardwell,Wardwell, Agent Kellogg, ID 83837 I’m looking forward to serving • Information Technology Sales 416Bus: W 208-784-1388 Cameron Ave Kellogg, ID 83837 your needs for insurance and www.anitawardwell.comBus: 208-784-1388 • Onsite Services www.anitawardwell.com financial services. Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there.® CALL ME TODAY. 2 locations to serve you better 606 N Division St Pinehurst ID | 208.682.3669 17813 E Appleway Suite B Spokane Valley WA | 509.723.2293 1001013 State Farm, Bloomington, IL BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND SUPPLY INC. Serving the Silver Valley for Over 38 Years! • Lumber & Building Materials • Hardware • Paint Center • Plumbing & Electrical • Carpet & Appliances • Hunting & Fishing Supplies • Camping Supplies • Gold Panning Supplies WALLACE START RIGHT. START HERE.® 716 Bank Street Wallace, Idaho 208-556-1164 WELCOME TO SILVER VALLEY . he Silver Valley, heart of Shoshone County, is cradled between the Coeur d’Alene Mountains and the Bitterroot Range Tamong the pristine wilderness of Northern Idaho. Surrounded by lush green mountains, rugged canyons, rushing streams and crystal clear alpine lakes, this valley overflows with natural resources. The Silver Valley is one of the first frontiers of the Pacific Northwest and has a history as rich as its wealth from the silver, gold, lead and zinc mines.
    [Show full text]
  • HMC 125 Year Book Narrative 042816.Indd
    Celebrating 125 Years PERSISTENCE PERSPECTIVE POSITION Hecla’s management team, Burke, Idaho, ca. 1901. Left to right: Fremont Rowe, Doc Evans, Ed Torkelson, Chet Lawrence, Charles Foreman, Pete Ratoni, Ed “Spud” Murphy, Bert Sloan. Burke was the location of the original Hecla mine (as well as the Hercules and the Star); at its height, as many as 1,400 people lived along its single street at the bottom of Burke Canyon. On the cover, a 1927 photograph of workers from the Hecla mine is juxtaposed with a 2015 photo of miners at Hecla’s newest operating property: the Casa Berardi gold mine in Quebec. TABLE OF CONTENTS 02 05 11 19 34 36 40 Foreword Persistence: Perspective: Position: Mining in the Responsibility Milestones The First 100 Years The Last 25 Years The Future 21st Century Hecla’s management team, Burke, Idaho, ca. 1901. Left to right: Fremont Rowe, Doc Evans, Ed Torkelson, Chet Lawrence, Charles Foreman, Pete Ratoni, Ed “Spud” Murphy, Bert Sloan. Burke was the location of the original Hecla mine (as well as the Hercules and the Star); at its height, as many as 1,400 people lived along its single street at the bottom of Burke Canyon. On the cover, a 1927 photograph of workers from the Hecla mine is juxtaposed with a 2015 photo of miners at Hecla’s newest operating property: the Casa Berardi gold mine in Quebec. CAPITALIZED FOR HALF A MILLION DOLLARS AND INCORPORATED ON OCTOBER 14, 1891, HECLA MINING COMPANY STANDS TODAY AS THE LAST OF THE PIONEER MINING COMPANIES OF NORTH IDAHO’S FABLED SILVER VALLEY — THE OLDEST U.S.-BASED PRECIOUS METALS MINING COMPANY AND THE LARGEST PRIMARY SILVER PRODUCER IN THE UNITED STATES.
    [Show full text]
  • Idaho County School Survey Report PSLLC
    CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY HISTORIC RURAL SCHOOLS OF IDAHO COUNTY Prepared for IDAHO COUNTY HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION GRANGEVILLE, IDAHO By PRESERVATION SOLUTIONS LLC September 1, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 Preface: What is a Cultural Resource Survey? ........................................................................... 3 Methodology Survey Objectives ........................................................................................................... 4 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................. 7 Survey Findings Dates of Construction .................................................................................................... 12 Functional Property Types ............................................................................................. 13 Building Forms .............................................................................................................. 13 Architectural Styles ........................................................................................................ 19 Historic Contexts Idaho County: A Development Overview: 1860s to 1950s ............................................. 24 Education in Idaho County: 1860s to
    [Show full text]
  • (Lllililiiilliiili:Ili;: ^
    Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Idaho NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Ada INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBFR (Type all entries — complete applicable sections) =P AUG. .„.' Alexander House AND/OR HISTORIC: STREET AND NUMBER: 304 State Street CITY OR TOWN: Boise Idaho Ada iiillliiiiiiiii: CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC District Building [X] Public Public Acquisition: Occupied rxl Yes: Site Structure Private In Process 1 1 Unoccupied [ 1 Restricted Q [~] _. Both Being Considered Preservation work Unrestricted [ | Object 1— ' in progress | | No: S PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Agricultural | | Government | | Park n Transportation | | Comments I f Commercial Q Industrial Q Private Residence [X] Other (Specify) Educational | | Military Q Religious [~| Entertainment | | Museum | | Scientific |~] (lllililiiilliiili:ili;: OWNERS NAME: Rita Alexander UJ STREET AND NUMBER: 304 State Street Cl TY OR TOWN: Boise Idaho ^- COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: daho Ada County Courthouse STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: Boise Idaho Ada OUNTY APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: leSS than 1 B.CT & ^^^^^^^fj^^^^m^^ff^^ Tl tl_E OF SURVEY: DATE OF SURVEY: Federal [~~| State County ENTR DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: UG STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: ;: :: ::;:;:;: ?;';S::T;:;::::::?^;.;:;?;^:::;:;:g (Check One) CONDITION Excellent [xj Good n F air [~~| Deteriorated [~1 Ruins a Unexposed a Interior-check one) (Check One) INTEGRITY Altered £§ Una Itered Q Moved a Original S te H DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE ^ In 18<p the Alexanders bought three lots at the northwest corner of Third and State streets.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Degradation, Resource War, Irrigation and the Transformation of Culture on Idaho's Snake River Plain, 1805--1927
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 12-2011 Newe country: Environmental degradation, resource war, irrigation and the transformation of culture on Idaho's Snake River plain, 1805--1927 Sterling Ross Johnson University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Military History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Repository Citation Johnson, Sterling Ross, "Newe country: Environmental degradation, resource war, irrigation and the transformation of culture on Idaho's Snake River plain, 1805--1927" (2011). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/2838925 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEWE COUNTRY: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, RESOURCE WAR, IRRIGATION AND THE TRANSFORMATION
    [Show full text]
  • Metal Truss Highway Bridges of Idaho
    NPS Form 10-900-b 0MB No. 1024-0018 (June 1991) RECEIVED 2?80 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service 3 | 200I National Register of Historic Place Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See Instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documention Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information for additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. X New Submission Amended Submission Metal Truss Highway Bridges of Idaho Historic Highway Bridges of Idaho. 1890-1960 name/title Donald W. Watts. Preservation Planner organization Idaho SHPO date August 10. 2000 street & number 210 Main Street _ telephone (208) 334-3861 city or town Boise state ID zip code 83702 As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation. C. Reid, Ph.D. U Date State Historic Preservation Officer Idaho State Historic Preservation Office State or Federal agency and bureau I, hereby, certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related aroperties for Ijatirig in the/National Rj^c /ter.
    [Show full text]
  • Vista Neighborhood Historic Context
    VISTA NEIGHBORHOOD HISTORIC CONTEXT TAG Historical Research & Consulting VISTA NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT Prepared for City of Boise Planning and Development Services By TAG HISTORICAL RESEARCH & CONSULTING a/b/n of The Arrowrock Group, Inc. September 2015 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Background......................................................................................................3 Introduction..................................................................................................................4 Neighborhood Roots 1863 – 1905............................................................................4 Early Land Ownership and Development (1890-1910)........................................6 The Eagleson Family.....................................................................................................8 Transportation Networks and Streetcar Suburbs.................................................12 Early 20th Century Architectural Styles..................................................................14 School and Community Life........................................................................................14 Growth and Development...........................................................................................15 Large Lots and Open Spaces........................................................................................20 Growing Pains................................................................................................................22 The Mid-Century Building Boom................................................................................24
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to Economic Geology, 1930
    CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 1930 PART 1. METALS AND NONMETALS EXCEPT FUELS A GRAPHIC HISTORY OF METAL MINING IN IDAHO By CLYDE P. Ross ABSTRACT In this paper the mining history of Idaho is reviewed by means of three statistical charts which show that there was considerable placer mining in the sixties, that a depression in all mining occurred in the seventies, that lode mining started in the eighties, and that the mining of lead-silver ore soon became the dominant factor in the industry. Improvements in ore dressing have recently caused some increase in the production of zinc. The production of copper, never large, reached its peak in 1907 and has since been declining. Shoshone County has been the outstanding producer almost since the first discovery of the deposits of the Coeur d'Alene district and in 1926 produced nearly 94 per cent of the total for the State. Boise and Idaho Counties were the dominant producers in the early placer days but have since been relatively unimportant. Blaine, Custer, and Lemhi Counties had large production in the eighties, and each has had a revival since 1900. Custer County, the least productive of the three in the early days, has had the most encouraging revival, but the formerly famous Blaine County had the smallest and most delayed re­ vival of the three. Owyhee County had an early placer boom, followed by active production from lodes in 1867 to 1876 and again in 1889 to 1914, the longest period of mining prosperity anywhere in Idaho outside of Shoshone County. Production in each of the counties, except Shoshone County, has been governed primarily by discovery of ore and only secondarily by economic factors, and in most counties the quantity found in any one period was small.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Silver City, Idaho
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1951 History of Silver City, Idaho Betty Belle Derig The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Derig, Betty Belle, "History of Silver City, Idaho" (1951). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 2567. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/2567 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. .. A Of - iaaàwR;* 40%*;% ay*#** ;/.:' tar ': A MtaHMJBleiM^atifH^kcIS Ik UMI Number" EP34753 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dtoêrtatien P*iMish«a UMI EP34753 Copyright 2012 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. uest* ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 -1346 tot " ' ::: V -" - jWRaw,,Q*M jW%&aaW#B;'::. %&/, 4W laaibDs «*i**o%3%p8 :& 6fi umimx Hood aai *01.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Lives: Idaho in 1863 Boise State University, Boise, by Received $2,000 to Help Fund a Public Lecture on Nobel Prize-Winning Writer/ Keith C
    IHC awards $148,417 in grants he IHC awarded $148,417 in grants to organizations Tand individuals at its fall and spring board meetings in Boise. Sixty-five awards include 46 grants for public humanities programs, three Research Fellowships, 15 Teacher Incentive Grants, and one Planning Grant. The grants were supported in part by funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities and IHC’s Endowment for Humanities Education. The following projects were funded: PUBLIC PROGRAMS: Ada Community Library, Boise, received $2,000 to support the “Read Me: The Newsletter of the Idaho Humanities Council Spring 2013 Impressions of Idaho” program in Boise, February 2013. The community-wide reading project for Ada County included numerous titles focused on Idaho to commemorate Idaho’s Territorial Sesquicentennial. Mary DeWalt is the project director. Five Lives: Idaho in 1863 Boise State University, Boise, by received $2,000 to help fund a public lecture on Nobel Prize-winning writer/ Keith C. Petersen philosopher Albert Camus (1913-1960). State Historian BSU hosted a two-day international symposium commemorating the Idaho State Historical Society centennial of Camus’ birth. Noted Camus scholar Raymond Gay-Crosier, professor emeritus of the University of Florida, delivered the public lecture. Jason Herbeck is the project director. Albert Camus Idaho Human Rights Education Center, Boise, was awarded $1,500 to bring award-winning author Gail Tsukiyama to Boise in conjunction with activities celebrating the 10th anniversary of the center. Tsukiyama is the author of The Street of a Thousand Blossoms, a story about life in Japan before, during, and after World War II.
    [Show full text]