Joseph Warren an American Hero

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LESSON 13 TEACHER’S GUIDE Joseph Warren An American Hero by Sasha Griffin Fountas-Pinnell Level U Narrative Nonfiction Selection Summary Joseph Warren was a hero of the American Revolution, but he is not very well-known. Warren was very angry at the way the British treated the colonists. His leadership was important in persuading the Number of Words: 2,577 colonists to rebel against the British in the Revolution. Characteristics of the Text Genre • Narrative nonfi ction Text Structure • Third-person narrative organized in eight short sections • Chapter headings signify topic of text to follow • Details help the reader to draw conclusions and make generalizations. Content • Joseph Warren; heroes • Causes of American Revolution; Revolutionary War terms, people, places Themes and Ideas • Not all heroes receive the praise or honor they are due. • Good leaders inspire and organize others. • The struggle for independence may require sacrifi ce. Language and • Conversational historical narrative Literary Features • Figurative language: like water gushing from a pump Sentence Complexity • Mostly shorter sentences Vocabulary • Many Revolutionary War and military terms, some of which might not be familiar to English language learners, such as Stamp Act, “taxation without representation,” Boston Tea Party, treason. Cultural references such as Patriot (p. 2 ), Indian (p. 12). Words • Many proper nouns, some of them challenging, such as British Parliament, Boston Massacre, Committee of Correspondence, Governor Thomas Hutchinson • Multisyllable words such as legendary, political, taxation Illustrations • Color illustrations with captions support the text and refl ect the period in history. Book and Print Features • Seventeen pages of text with chapter headings, sometimes in the middle of the page • Captions, sidebars © 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

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5_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd 1 11/4/09 9:30:08 AM Joseph Warren An American Hero by Sasha Griffin Build Background Help students use their knowledge of history and the American Revolution to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking a question such as the following: What do you know about the events leading up to the American Revolution? Read the title and author and talk about the cover illustration. Tell them that this book is narrative nonﬁ ction, so it includes factual information. It describes people and events from the colonial period in American history, before the Revolutionary War, when Americans were subjects of British rule.

Frontload Vocabulary Some every day words may be unfamiliar to English learners. Before reading, check understanding of the following words: drain pipe, buckles, oyster shells, warehouse, shopkeepers, craftsmen, hairpin. Introduce the Text Guide students through the text, noting important ideas and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so that they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions: Page 2: Have students look at the illustration of Joseph Warren. Suggested language: George Washington and Paul Revere were two well-known heroes of the American Revolution. What kinds of things make someone a hero? Page 4: Point out the heading (A Colonial Doctor). Explain that Warren entered politics because he had strong feelings about what was happening to the colonists. Page 7: Direct students to the caption on page 7. Explain that Warren was angry about things the British rulers made the colonists do, such as paying heavy taxes. He wrote letters and newspaper articles expressing his anger, and many people agreed with him. Warren called the British offi cials foes, or enemies. Pages 8–9: One day a street fi ght broke out between British and a crowd of colonists. What different emotions do you see on the faces of the colonists? Now turn back and read from the beginning to fi nd out how Joseph Warren encouraged colonists to rebel against British rule.

Target Vocabulary

foes – enemies p. 7 magniﬁ cent – very beautiful and revolution – sudden, complete formal – following set traditions impressive, p. 16 change, p. 2 or rules, p. 15 plunged – dived in suddenly, p. shimmering – reﬂ ecting light in gushed – poured out in a very 18 sparkling, glimmering way, p. fast and forceful way, p. 8 retreat – withdraw from an 15 legendary – having been famous attack, p. 8 strategy – a plan for reaching a for a long time, p. 7 goal, p. 16

Grade 5 2 Lesson 13: Joseph Warren An American Hero © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

55_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd 2 77/29/09/29/09 88:34:47:34:47 AAMM Read Have students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the text as needed.

Remind students to use the Analyze/Evaluate Strategy and to form opinions about the text as they read.

Discuss and Revisit the Text Personal Response Invite students to share their personal responses to the selection. Suggested language: What did you ﬁ nd most interesting about the text?

Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help students understand these points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text • Joseph Warren was a respected • Not all heroes are given the • The chapter heads preview the doctor in Boston during colonial praise or honor they are due. content of each section. times. • Good leaders inspire and • The text boxes and captions • Joseph Warren expressed organize others to say or do provide background information. his outrage over British rule what they believe in. • The illustrations depict the time by writing articles and giving • The struggle for independence period and add excitement to the speeches. may require sacriﬁ ce. text. • Joseph Warren played an important role in bringing about the American Revolution.

Choices for Further Support • Fluency Invite students to choose a short passage from the text to read aloud in partners, and demonstrate phrased, fl uent reading. Remind them to pay attention to punctuation, and to stress certain words to create a sense of emotion, such as frustration or urgency. • Comprehension Based on your observations of the students’ reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas. • Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Remind students that looking at the suffi x of a word can help them fi gure out the meaning. Point out, for example, the word legendary on page 7 and explain that the base word is legend and the suffi x is –ary, so legendary leaders are people we know about through stories.

Grade 5 3 Lesson 13: Joseph Warren An American Hero © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd 3 12/9/09 2:02:22 PM Writing about Reading

Critical Thinking Have students complete the Critical Thinking questions on BLM 13.10.

Responding Have students complete the activities at the back of the book, using their Reader’s Notebook. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill.

Target Comprehension Skill Conclusions and Generalizations Remind students that they can draw conclusions about a character or situation by looking for key details in a selection. Model how to add details to the Graphic Organizer, using a “Think Aloud” like the one below:

Think Aloud On page 11, the text describes how Warren led an angry crowd to a tea merchants warehouse to protest the sale of tea. Afterward, he was a planner of the Boston Tea Party. Both acts deﬁ ed British rule and put Warren in danger. Add these details to the chart. They support the conclusion that Joseph Warren was brave.

Practice the Skill Have students share an example of another selection in which they drew a conclusion or made a generalization about a character. Ask them to explain what conclusions they drew about the characters.

Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the Text Have students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use their personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

Assessment Prompts • Which sentences on page 4 support the idea that Joseph Warren was a devoted doctor? • What is the meaning of shimmering on page 15? • What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?

Grade 5 4 Lesson 13: Joseph Warren An American Hero © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

5_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd 4 11/14/09 9:48:57 PM English Language Development Reading Support Pair English-speaking and English language learners so that they can check their understanding with each other.

Cognates The text includes many cognates. Point out the English words and their Spanish equivalents: revolution (revolución), battle (batalla), and heroes (héroes).

Oral Language Development Check student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students’ English proﬁ ciency. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student. Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: Who is this selection mostly Speaker 1: What did the Tea Act require Speaker 1: How did Joseph about? colonists to do? Warren inspire colonists to stand up to British rule? Speaker 2: Joseph Warren Speaker 2: It required them to pay tax on tea. Speaker 2: He wrote articles and Speaker 1: What was Warren’s job? gave speeches. He tried to get Speaker 1: How did Joseph Warren die? Speaker 2: doctor people to share his feelings. Speaker 2: Joseph Warren was shot and He set an example by his own Speaker 1: In what war did Warren killed in the battle at Bunker Hill. actions. ﬁ ght for independence? Speaker 2: the American Revolution

Lesson 13 BLACKLINE MASTER 13.10 Name Date

Joseph Warren: Critical Thinking An American Hero Critical Thinking Read and answer the questions. Possible responses shown.

1. Think within the text What was a minuteman? a volunteer, untrained soldier

2. Think about the text Why does the author think that Joseph Warren is a hero? He was willing to ght for what he believed in, and he helped others do the same. He also saved lives as a doctor and worked tirelessly for the Patriot cause. 3. Think beyond the text How might the results of the Battle of Bunker Hill have been different if Joseph Warren had been in charge? Warren refused to command at Bunker Hill because Prescott was more experienced. Therefore, it is likely that the British would still have won the battle. 4. Think about the text Why do you think the author chose to compare Joseph Warren to George Washington and Paul Revere? to persuade readers that Warren deserves to be thought of as heroic, just as the more well-known Washington and Revere

Making Connections Joseph Warren was considered a hero by many others. Describe a person you consider to be a hero. Why is that person a hero to you?

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

12_5_246253RTXEAN_L13_CT.indd 12 11/25/09 5:07:11 PM Grade 5 5 Lesson 13: Joseph Warren An American Hero © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

First Pass 5_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd 5 1/6/10 9:22:13 PM Name Date Joseph Warren An American Hero

Thinking Beyond the Text Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in one or two paragraphs.

Remember that when you think beyond the text, you use your personal knowledge to reach new understandings.

On page 10, the author says that Joseph Warren wrote letters and gave speeches in which he described the unfairness of British rule and warned people to protect their rights. Why do you think rights are so important? Why did Warren think it was important for colonists to protect their rights? Explain your answer, giving examples from the selection.

55_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd_310060_ELL_LRTG_L13_josephwarren.indd 6 77/29/09/29/09 88:34:50:34:50 AAMM Lesson 13 BLACKLINE MASTER 13.10 Name Date

Joseph Warren, An Critical Thinking American Hero Critical Thinking Read and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text What was a minuteman?

2. Think about the text Why does the author think that Joseph Warren is a hero?

3. Think beyond the text How might the results of the Battle of Bunker Hill have been different if Joseph Warren had been in charge?

4. Think about the text Why do you think the author chose to compare Joseph Warren to George Washington and Paul Revere?

Making Connections Joseph Warren was considered a hero by many others. Describe a person you consider to be a hero. Why is that person a hero to you?

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

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