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A/W Prateep 2/52

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A/W Prateep 2/52 I S S N 0 1 2 5 - 8 5 8 3 © ∫— ∫ ∑’Ë Ú / ıÚ ¡À“ª√“™≠å ¡À“°«’ »√’ ¬“¡ æ√–π“¡ ª√–°“»°âÕß ‚≈°“ «‘ ÿ∑∏‘®‘µ√“ «“π‘™ ¡∫—µ‘ Ú §«“¡√§ŸâÕª√–∑◊ ª’ “√∫—≠ ¡À“ª√“™≠å ¡À“°«’ »√’ ¬“¡ Ú æ√–π“¡ ª√–°“»°âÕß ‚≈°“ ®”ªï ‘√‘π∏√ ÒÚ ¥Õ°∫“π„π‡¡◊Õß®’π ª√–∑’ª‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“ Ú ∑∫’Ë “πÀ≈â Ÿâ ‡∑’ˬ«‰ª Úˆ ª√–∑—∫µ√“‰ª√…≥’¬å‰ª ÛÚ ª°‘≥°–æ≈—ßß“π ÛÙ ª√–∑’ªª√‘∑√√»πå ·¥‡π’¬≈ Õ’. ‰≈ÕâÕπ å ª√–∏“π°√√¡°“√·≈–°√√¡°“√ºŸâ®—¥°“√ ¡ß§≈π‘¡‘µ√ ‡Õ◊ÈÕ‡™‘¥°ÿ≈ °√√¡°“√·≈–ºŸâ®—¥°“√ª√–™“ —¡æ—π∏å ‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈ ”§—≠¢Õß‚≈°‚¥¬Õߧå°√√–À«à“ß °‘µ‘¬“«¥’ π‘≈«√√≥ ª√–‡∑»Õ—π‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫∑—Ë«‚≈°„π‡«≈“Õ’° ºŸâ®—¥°“√ ◊ËÕ “√ —¡æ—π∏å Õß√âÕ¬ªïµàÕ¡“ ¥â«¬æ√–°√≥’¬°‘®‚¥¥‡¥àπ «“ π“ ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï®Ÿµ√–°Ÿ≈ ¡“°¡“¬À≈“¬¥â“π Õ—π¡’§ÿ≥Ÿª°“√µàÕ™“µ‘ ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√ ‚∑√. -ÚÚˆÚ-ÙÛ˜¯ ∫â“π‡¡◊Õß ∑’ˉ¥â∑√ß∫”‡æÁ≠¡“µ≈Õ¥æ√–™π¡ e-mail : [email protected] Õπ‰ª„πÕ¥’µ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë ˘ °√°Æ“§¡ ™æÕ’ 𬗠𬓫∂◊ ß÷ ı ·ºπ¥à π‘ §«√§“∑à ™“«‰∑¬’Ë ∫√‘…—∑ ‡Õ ‚´à (ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬) ®”°—¥ (¡À“™π) æÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÛıÒ µ√ß°—∫«—π‡ “√å ∑ÿ°§π ®–‰¥â»÷°…“æ√–ª√–«—µ‘·≈–º≈ß“πÕ—π ÛÒ˘ı/Ò˜-Ú˘ ∂ππæ√–√“¡ ٠߇∑æ¡À“π§√ÿ ‚∑√. -ÚÚˆÚ-Ù ·√¡ Ú §Ë” ‡¥◊Õπ ¯ ªï¡–‚√ß —¡ƒ∑∏‘ ‡°‘¥®“°æ√–ª√’™“ “¡“√∂ æ√–Õ—®©√‘¬¿“æ µ Ÿâ ª.≥. 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ÚÛ˘Ù) ‡√’¬°°—π«à“ "∫â“π «—¥ «—ß"* π—Ëπ‡Õß ‡¬“«å ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπ«‘™“ª√–®”µ√–°Ÿ≈¢Õß ∑√ß√—∫√“™°“√ æ√–¡“√¥“ °≈à“«§◊Õ ∑à“π¢√—«µ“∫ÿ≠‡°‘¥ ¡À“ª√“™≠å * ‡ªìπ°“√»÷°…“·∫∫®“√’µ∑’Ë ◊∫∑Õ¥°—π¡“µ—Èß·µà ·≈–∑à“π¢√—«¬“¬∑ÕßÕ‘ππ—È𠇪ìπÀ¡Õ·ºπ À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë æ√–‡®â“πâÕ߬“‡∏Õ æ√–- ¡—¬ ÿ‚¢∑—¬‡ªìπµâπ¡“ ®π∂÷ß ¡—¬√—µπ‚° ‘π∑√å ‚∫√“≥ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠°“√ª√ÿ߬“ —ππ‘…∞“π«à“ Õߧ凮ⓙ“¬π«¡ ∑√ß≈“ºπ«™®“° “¡‡≥√ °àÕπ°“√ªØ‘√Ÿª°“√»÷°…“ „π ¡—¬æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á® æ√–Õߧπå “®–∑√߉¥à √â ∫√— ·≈–√Ÿâ ∫°“√∂— “¬∑Õ¥à ‰¥â‡ ¥Á®ÕÕ°¡“ª√–∑—∫πÕ°æ√–∫√¡¡À“ æ√–®ÿ≈®Õ¡‡°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« √—™°“≈∑’Ë ı Ù §«“¡√§ŸâÕª√–∑◊ ª’ æ√–°√≥¬°’ ®¥‘ “π°“√·æ∑¬â ·≈– “∏“√≥-å ª√– ‘∑∏‘º≈¢Õß°“√√—°…“‚√§¢ÕßΩ√—Ëß ∑’Ë ÿ¢ “¡“√∂™à«¬·°â‰¢·≈–∫√√‡∑“Õ“°“√‡®Á∫ „πæ∑∏»ÿ °√“™— ÚÛ¯ı ¢≥–∑√߇®√≠‘ ªÉ«¬¢Õߧπ‰∑¬‰¥â ¥â«¬æ√–Õÿªπ‘ —¬„ΩÉ· «ß æ√–™π¡“¬ÿ ÛÙ æ√√…“ æ√–‡®â“πâÕ߬“‡∏Õ À“§«“¡√ŸâÕ¬Ÿà‡ ¡Õ °Õª√°—∫æ√–¥”√‘„π°“√ æ√–Õߧ凮ⓙ“¬π«¡ ∑√߇¢â“√—∫√“™°“√ ¬Õ¡√—∫§«“¡‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß Ÿà§«“¡∑—π ¡—¬ ∫—ߧ—∫∫—≠™“°√¡À¡ÕÀ≈«ß ·≈–‰¥â√—∫°“√ ∑√߇≈Á߇ÀÁπª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß«‘∑¬“°“√¥â“π ∂“ªπ“‡ªìπ °√¡À¡◊Ëπ«ß»“ π‘∑ ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’µ–«—πµ° ®÷߉¥â∑√ß»÷°…“«‘™“ °√¡À¡ÕÀ≈«ß ´÷Ëßæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á® ·æ∑¬åµ–«—πµ°®“°À¡Õ∫√—¥‡≈¬å* ·≈–À¡Õ æ√–æ∑∏¬Õ¥øÿ “®Ñ Ó‚≈°¡À“√“™ÿ ‚ª√¥‡°≈“œâ ‡Œ“ å* π—∫‡ªìπ·æ∑¬å‰∑¬æ√–Õߧå·√°∑’Ëπ” „Àâµ—Èߢ÷Èπ ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‚¥¬µ√ß„π°“√ §«“¡√Ÿâ°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ„À¡àº ¡º “π°—∫ ¥Ÿ·≈∫”∫—¥√—°…“‚√§¿—¬‰¢â‡®Á∫·≈–ª√ÿ߬“·¥à §«“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å·ºπ‚∫√“≥ ¡“„™â„Àâ °√¡À≈«ß«ß…“∏‘√“™ π‘∑ æ√–¡À“°…—µ√‘¬å·≈–æ√–∫√¡«ß»“πÿ«ß»å ‡°‘¥ª√–‚¬™πåµàÕ«ß°“√·æ∑¬å‰∑¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ µ≈Õ¥®π¢ÿππ“ß·≈–¢â“√“™°“√™—ÈπºŸâ„À≠à„π ∑√ßÕπÿ≠“µ„Àâ¡’°“√ºà“µ—¥ ∑√ß∑¥≈Õߪ≈Ÿ° √“™ ”π—° °“√∑’Ë∑√ß°”°—∫°√¡π’È ®÷ß¡’§«“¡ ΩïªÑÕß°—π‰¢â∑√æ‘… ”‡√Á®‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√°„𠔧—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß„π∞“π–À¡ÕÀ≈«ß πÕ°®“°π’È ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„πæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÛ¯Ò ∑√ß æ√–Õߧ¬å ߉¥— ∑√ß·µâ ßµ”√“∑à ∂’Ë Õ«◊ “‡ªà π¡√¥°ì ª√–¬ÿ°µå¬“·ºπ‚∫√“≥·≈–¬“Ω√—Ëß ‚¥¬∑√ß ∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬À≈“¬‡≈å ¡à Õ“∑ ‘ µ”√“ √√æ§≥ÿ ∑¥≈Õß∑”¬“≈Ÿ°°≈ÕπÕ“∫πÈ”º÷Èß∫√√®ÿ‡¡Á¥ ¬“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√‰∑¬ ®”π«π Òˆˆ ™π‘¥ ‡ªìπµ”√“ ¬“§«‘π‘π À√◊Õ "¬“¢“«Ω√—Ëß" Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π „™â ¡π‰æ√‡≈ÿ ¡·√°¢Õ߉∑¬à ∑‡¢’Ë ¬π·∫∫‡Õ° “√’ ·°‚√§‰¢â ®â ∫ — π—Ë ‡æÕ„À◊Ë ßâ “¬µà Õ°“√√à ∫ª√–∑“π— ∑“ß«™“°“√‘ ¡°“√·®°·®ß·≈–«’ ‡§√“–À‘ å «πà ‡æ√“–§«‘π‘π¡’√ ¢¡ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫§π‰∑¬ µà“ßÊ ¢Õßæ◊™ ¡ÿπ‰æ√·µà≈–™π‘¥ µ”√“æ√– à«π„À≠à„π ¡—¬π—Èπ ‰¡àπ‘¬¡°‘π¬“Ω√—Ëß ·¡â«à“ À¡Õ∫√¥‡≈¬— å ‚Õ ∂æ√–π“√“¬≥å ·≈– µ”√“æ√–‚Õ ∂§√—Èß ®–¡’ √√æ§ÿ≥„π°“√√—°…“‰¥â‡√Á«°«à“°Áµ“¡ √—™°“≈∑’Ë Ú æ√–‡®“∫√¡«ß»â ‡∏Õå °√¡À≈«ß«ß…“ Õ¬“߉√°à µ“¡Á °“√·æ∑¬·ºπ‚∫√“≥å ∏‘√“™ π‘∑ ∑√ß¡’æ√–‡°’¬√µ‘§ÿ≥‡ªìπ∑’ˬ°¬àÕß π—Èπ ¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥µâÕß„™â‡«≈“„π°“√√—°…“µ“¡ „π∞“π–¢Õß∫√¡§√ŸºŸâ∑√ߧÿ≥«ÿ≤‘∑“ß°“√ ¢—ÈπµÕπ §◊Õ À“ ¡ÿØ∞“π¢Õß‚√§ √–∫ÿ™◊ËÕ‚√§ ·æ∑¬å·ºπ‰∑¬ µ”√“ √√æ§ÿ≥¬“‰∑¬¢Õß ‡≈◊Õ°¬“∫”∫—¥‚√§ ·≈â«®÷ß√—°…“ ·µà°√–π—Èπ æ√–Õߧ凪ìπ∑’ˬա√—∫„π«ß°“√»÷°…“·æ∑¬å °Á¬—߉¡àÕ“®√—°…“‚√§¿—¬√⓬·√߉¥âÕ¬à“ß∑—π ·ºπªí®®ÿ∫—π ¡’°“√π”¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â„π°“√ ∑à«ß∑’ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ§≥–¡‘™™—ππ“√’Õ‡¡√‘°—π √—°…“‚√§µà“ßÊ Õ¬à“߉¥âº≈ ∑√߉¥â√—∫æ√– ‡¥‘π∑“߇¢â“¡“‡º¬·æ√໓ π“„π√—™°“≈π’È ¡À“°√ÿ≥“∏‘§ÿ≥®“°æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡ æ√âÕ¡°“√‡º¬·æ√৫“¡√Ÿâ∑“ß«‘™“°“√·æ∑¬å À¡Õ‡Œ“ å ‡°≈“‡®â “Õ¬â ÀŸà «„À— ∑√ß°”°â ∫°√¡À¡Õ— ∫µ◊ Õ¡“à ·≈–°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·∫∫µ–«—πµ° ™π™—Èππ” ·≈–∑√ßÕ¬Ÿà„πµ”·Àπàßπ’È®«∫®πæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ¢Õ߉∑¬√«¡∑—Èßæ√–Õß§å ¬—ßµâÕ߬ա√—∫„π À≠‘߉∑¬‡√’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ ÚÙÙ * ·¥π ∫’™ ·∫√¥≈’¬å (Dan Beach Bradley, M.D.) ·æ∑¬å™“«Õ‡¡√‘°—π∑’ˇ¢â“¡“‡º¬·æ√໓ π“§√‘ µå „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ¡—¬√—™°“≈∑’Ë Û ‡ªìπºŸâ√‘‡√‘Ë¡°“√ æ‘¡æåÕ—°…√‰∑¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√° ·≈– ‡ªìπºŸâ∑”°“√ºà“µ—¥„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√° * 𓬷æ∑¬å´“¡Ÿ‡Õ≈ ‡√¬å‚π≈¥å ‡Œ“ å†(Samuel Reynold House, M.D.) À√◊Õ∑’˧π‰∑¬‡√’¬°«à“ À¡Õ‡À“†‡ªìπºŸâπ”‡Õ“Õ’‡∑Õ√å¡“„™â‡ªì𬓠≈∫„π °“√º“µà ¥‡ª— π§√ì ß·√°—È ·≈–‰¥µâ ß‚√ß欓∫“≈¡—È ™™‘ π— „πªí®®ÿ∫—𠧫“¡√§ŸâÕª√–∑◊ ª’ ı ‡¡◊ËÕæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“ ‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«‡ ¥Á®¢÷Èπ§√Õß√“™¬å ∑√߇ÀÁ𧫓¡ √™°“≈∑— ’Ë Ù : (æ∑∏»ÿ °√“™— ÚÛ˘Ù - ÚÙÒÒ) ®”‡ªìπ„π°“√‚ÕπÕàÕπ∑“ß°“√∑Ÿµ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇪ìπ æ√–°√≥¬°’ ®¥‘ “π°“√∫√â À“√√“™°“√·º‘ π-à ‰ªµ“¡§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õß™“µ‘µ–«—πµ°´÷Ëß ¥‘π °”≈—ß∑√ßÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈ „πªïæÿ∑∏»—°√“™ ÚÛ˘¯ ·¡à∑—æÀ≈«ß ߧ√“¡‡¡◊Õ߇™’¬ßµÿß √—∞∫“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…‰¥â àߧ≥–∑Ÿµ ¡’ ‡´Õ√å®ÕÀåπ ‡¡Õæ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥◊Ë ®æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈Á “‡®â “â ‡∫“«å√‘Ëß (Sir John Bowring) √“™∑Ÿµ∑’ˉ¥â Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ‡ ¥Á®¢÷Èπ§√Õß√“™¬å ∑√ß·µàßµ—Èßæ√– ‡®â“∫√¡«ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡À≈«ß«ß…“∏‘√“™ π‘∑ æ√–‡®“πâ Õ߬“‡∏Õ∑â ∑√߉«’Ë «“ßæ√–√“™Àƒ∑â ¬— ·≈–∑√ß¡’æ√–ª√’™“ “¡“√∂‡ªìπ∑’˪√–®—°…å „À⇪ìπºŸâ°”°—∫√“™°“√°√¡¡À“¥‰∑¬ ◊∫µàÕ ®“°‡®“æ√–¬“πâ °√∫¥‘ π∑√‘ (‚µ °≈¬“≥¡— µ√)‘ ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë¥Ÿ·≈À—«‡¡◊ÕßΩÉ“¬‡Àπ◊Õ „π¥â“π°“√ ®—¥°“√°“√ª°§√Õß·≈–°“√√—°…“§«“¡ ß∫ ‡√¬∫√’ լ⠄πªæï ∑∏»ÿ °√“™— ÚÛ˘ı ‡¡Õ߇™◊ ¬ß√’ ßÿâ ‡¢“¡“¢Õ «“¡â ¿‘ °¥— *‘Ï ‡ªπ‡Àµì „Àÿµâ Õߵ⠥ — π„®‘ ∑” ߧ√“¡°∫‡¡— Õ߇™◊ ¬ßµ’ ßÿ ‡æÕ‡ª◊Ë π°“√√ì °…“— ‡°’¬√µ‘¬»¢Õ߉∑¬ ‚¥¬°“√ àß°Õß∑—殓° °√ÿ߇∑æœ ¢÷Èπ‰ª ¡∑∫ ª√–®«∫°—∫‡«≈“π—Èπ æ¡“°”≈à ß∑” ߧ√“¡°— ∫Õ— ß°ƒ…§√— ß∑—È ÕßÕ¬’Ë Ÿà ∑√ßæ√–°√ÿ≥“‚ª√¥‡°≈â“œ „Àâæ√–‡®â“∫√¡ «ß»å‡∏Õ °√¡À≈«ß«ß…“∏‘√“™ π‘∑ ‡ªìπ °√¡À≈«ß«ß…“∏‘√“™ π‘∑ ∂à“¬√ŸªÀ¡Ÿà°—∫§≥–±Ÿµ ·¡à∑—æÀ≈«ß* °“√‡¥π∑“߉ª√∫„π ߧ√“¡‡™‘ ¬ßµ’ ßÿ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“√à«¡ Ú ªï ·¡â®–‡°‘¥Õÿª √√§∑”„Àâ ª√–∏“πΩ“¬‰∑¬„π°“√‡®√®“∑” π∏É ‘ ≠≠“— √—∫°“√·µàßµ—Èß®“° ¡‡¥Á®æ√–∫√¡√“™‘π’π“∂ ‰¡àÕ“®™π– ߧ√“¡‰¥â ·µà°Á‡ªìπ‚Õ°“ „Àâ °—∫µà“ߪ√–‡∑» «°µÕ‡√‘ ¬‡ª’ πÀì «Àπ— “§≥–‡¥â π∑“ß¡“¢Õ‡®√®“‘ ∑√ß¡’§«“¡§ÿâπ‡§¬°—∫¢â“√“™°“√ΩÉ“¬‡Àπ◊Õ
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