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Modern History of Thailand

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Modern History of Thailand 01999032: History Part II Modern History of Thailand Modernization to Globalization 1 Modern History of Thailand Modernization to Globalization 2 Chulalongkorn: the modernizer • 1853-1910 • Modernization/ Westernization • 1897 First visit to Europe • 1907 Second visit to Europe • Strategy to avoid colonization 3 Refashioning Siam • Uniform • Western Schooling • Abolishing slavery • Collecting new objects • Western army King Chulalongkorn (1 Oct. 1868 – 23 Oct.1910) Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua, or Rama V, was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri. He was known to the Siamese of his time as Phra Phuttha Chao Luang. Wikipedia 4 Chakri Throne Hall 5 Internal-colonization • Anglo-Siam treaty over Chiang Mai in 1874 • Railway expansion • Phumibun revolt (Millenarian movement) • Survey of provinces 6 Paknam Incident • French gunboats threatened Bangkok, 1893 • Territorial “lost” 7 Road-Rail-Steamboat • Chareonkrung road • Hualamphong station • East Asiatic Port 8 Dusit Palace • New palace complex for absolutist monarch • Equestrian monument 9 Official Nationalism • Vajiravudh and the creation of Nation • Burmese: external enemy/ Chinese: internal enemy • Jews of the East • Nationality Act and Surname Act King Vajiravudh (23 Oct. 1910 – 25 Nov. 1925) Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramentharamaha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkut Klao Chao Yu Hua or Rama VI (1 January 1880 – 25 November 1925), was the sixth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, ruling from 1910 until his death. King Vajiravudh is known for his efforts to create and promote Siamese nationalism. His reign was characterized by Siam's movement further towards democracy and minimal participation in World War I. Wikipedia 10 Cult of Nation • Tai Race, by W C Dodd • Our Wars with the Burmese, by Prince Damrong • Historical theme stage performance 11 Entertainment in Bangkok • Chalermkrung theatre • Newspaper and caricature criticizing the elite 12 End of Absolutism King Prajadhipok 26 Nov. 1925 - 2 Mar. 1934) Prajadhipok, also Rama VII, was the seventh monarch of Siam of the House of Chakri. He was the last absolute monarch and the first constitutional monarch of the country. Wikipedia • Great Depression • 24 Jun 1932, Revolution led by oversea educated military officers and civil servants • Transition to constitutional monarchy 13 Phibunsongkram • Military factions emerge • Promoted Pan-Thaism • Siam to Thailand in 1939 • Fascist Architecture Plaek Phibunsongkhram Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram, locally known as Chomphon Por, contemporarily known as Phibun in the West, was Prime Minister and virtual military dictator of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957. Wikipedia 14 Thailand under the Rising Sun • 1941 Phibun sided with Japan • Seized “lost” territories back • East Asia Co-prosperity sphere 15 Allied with USA • Thailand was not occupied in postwar • USA as protector from Communist threat • Set up huge military bases (U Tapao, Takli, Udon) in Thailand for bomber in Vietnam War 16 Domino Theory • Friendship Highway • Rise of American Culture • Pax Americana • USAID and US propaganda 17 Sarit-Thanom-Praphas Regime • Conservative military dictator • Paternalistic regime • Development project guided by World Bank Sarit Thanarat Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat was a Thai career soldier who staged a coup in 1957, thereafter serving as Thailand's Prime Minister until his death in 1963. Wikipedia 18 October 1973-1976 • Popular protest against dictator • 3 years of unstable democracy 19 General Prem rules in 1980s • Restored parliamentary politics • Series of failed coup Prem Tinsulanonda General Prem Tinsulanonda is a retired Thai military officer who served as Prime Minister of Thailand from March 3, 1980 to August 4, 1988. He now serves as the Head of the Privy Council of the King of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej. Wikipedia 20 Economic Boom to Bust • Oil crisis led to restructure of Thai economy • Shifted from Import substituted to Export Oriented industrialization • NICs and Tiger of Asia 21 Bangkok & Eastern Seaboard • Laem Chabang- Maptaput complex • Industrial estate • Discovery of Natural Gas • Expressway • Skyscrapers 22 Economic Crisis of 1997 • Devaluation of the Baht • Question on globalization • Return to self sufficient, localism 23 K Bhumibol & Sustainability • Alternative development model • Subsistence economy • Royal development project • Unified factory in Thai society King Bhumibol Adulyadej (9 June 1943 – present) Bhumibol Adulyadej is the King of Thailand. He is also known as Rama IX, as he is the ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty. Wikipedia 24 Thaksin Shinawatra Years • Telecom tycoon turn politician 2001-2006 • Professional image • Nationalist to populist leader 25 Coup, Protest, Political Crisis, Populism 26 Thailand and the World • Manufacturing/ transportation hub in Global supply chain • Tourism-Spa-Agro business 27 ASEAN & AEC (2015) 28 Cultural Capital & Creative Economy • Rise of Cultural Tourism • Selling “Thainess” in the Globalized world • Value creation • Food/ craft/ massage/ fashion/ eco design etc. 29.
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