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The Long Red Thread How Democratic Dominance Gave Way to Republican Advantage in Us House of Representatives Elections, 1964
THE LONG RED THREAD HOW DEMOCRATIC DOMINANCE GAVE WAY TO REPUBLICAN ADVANTAGE IN U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTIONS, 1964-2018 by Kyle Kondik A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Baltimore, Maryland September 2019 © 2019 Kyle Kondik All Rights Reserved Abstract This history of U.S. House elections from 1964-2018 examines how Democratic dominance in the House prior to 1994 gave way to a Republican advantage in the years following the GOP takeover. Nationalization, partisan realignment, and the reapportionment and redistricting of House seats all contributed to a House where Republicans do not necessarily always dominate, but in which they have had an edge more often than not. This work explores each House election cycle in the time period covered and also surveys academic and journalistic literature to identify key trends and takeaways from more than a half-century of U.S. House election results in the one person, one vote era. Advisor: Dorothea Wolfson Readers: Douglas Harris, Matt Laslo ii Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………....ii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………..iv List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………..v Introduction: From Dark Blue to Light Red………………………………………………1 Data, Definitions, and Methodology………………………………………………………9 Chapter One: The Partisan Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution in the United States House of Representatives, 1964-1974…………………………...…12 Chapter 2: The Roots of the Republican Revolution: -
April 24, 2020 the Honorable Donald J. Trump President the White
6133 Highway 311 Houma, Louisiana 70360 Phone: 985.876.5600 Fax: 985.876.5611 [email protected] www.houmachamber.com April 24, 2020 The Honorable Donald J. Trump President The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. President: I want to thank you for your tremendous support for our American energy industry and your leadership during the current public health and economic crises. The Gulf of Mexico plays an integral role in producing the energy to fuel America and in Louisiana, our communities are the epicenter for servicing this offshore oil and gas industry. Now, during these unprecedented times we need your bold leadership to save over 500,000 jobs that are directly tied to the offshore oil and gas industry. Our Association… Houma-Terrebonne Chamber of Commerce 6133 Hwy 311 Houma, LA 70360 Louisiana supports 17% of our nation’s energy production and we serve as the epicenter for servicing the offshore oil and gas industry in the Gulf of Mexico. Louisiana is home to many small and medium-sized companies who provide the goods and services to the offshore oil and gas companies and depend on a healthy and thriving offshore industry. In Louisiana 50,000 jobs are at risk. The demise of the offshore oil and gas industry is having a direct and severe impact on our service companies. Since the decline in oil and gas prices, our local businesses have had to make drastic cost reductions. And now today, due to the current crises many of Louisiana’s local service companies are taking draconian measures, such as laying off or furloughing employees, just to stay in business. -
Dan Brouillette Deputy Secretary of Energy
Proclamation Presidential Proclamation on Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday, 2019 Issued on: January 18, 2019 One hundred years after President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, the great Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., took to the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and shared his vision of an America lifted from the “quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.” His extraordinary message that momentous day in August of 1963 stirred to action Americans of every race and creed, and it continues to reverberate in the hearts and minds of patriotic citizens across our great land. Today, as we pause to mark the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., we recommit ourselves to the advancement of equality and justice for all Americans, and to the full realization of his worthy dream. In the United States of America, every citizen should have the opportunity to build a better and brighter future, and, as President, I am committed to expanding opportunity for all Americans. We have added more than 5 million new jobs to the economy over the past 2 years and unemployment rates for African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Americans without a high school degree have reached record lows. Importantly, we have also worked tirelessly to reform our Nation’s criminal justice system, so that those who have been incarcerated and paid their debt to society are given a second chance at life. Last year, I was proud to sign into law the First Step Act, which will prepare inmates to successfully rejoin society and effect commonsense reforms to make our justice system fairer for all Americans. -
Sending a 60-Day Notice of Intent To
THE STATES OF NEW YORK, CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, CONNECTICUT, ILLINOIS, MARYLAND, MAINE, MICHIGAN, MINNESOTA, NEW JERSEY, NORTH CAROLINA, OREGON, VERMONT, WASHINGTON, THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND THE CITY OF NEW YORK August 10, 2020 BY CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED Hon. Dan Brouillette, Secretary U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20585 Re: 60-Day Notice Letter Regarding DOE Failure to Meet Mandatory Deadlines for Reviewing and Amending Product Efficiency Standards Pursuant to Energy Policy and Conservation Act (“EPCA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 6291, et seq. Dear Secretary Brouillette: We write to express our deep concerns regarding the failures by the Department of Energy (“DOE”), and by you as DOE Secretary, to meet EPCA’s mandated deadlines for reviewing and amending energy efficiency standards for 25 categories of consumer and commercial or industrial products. We request that you and DOE immediately comply with your non-discretionary duty to update standards for the products identified below, as required by 42 U.S.C. §§ 6295 and 6313. In the event you refuse or fail to do so within 60 days, the undersigned state and municipal officers provide you with this notice of our intent to commence litigation seeking, among other things, an order enjoining you and DOE to fulfill your statutory obligations in accordance with a court-ordered schedule, along with our costs and attorneys’ fees. I. Background A. Energy Policy and Conservation Act 42 U.S.C. §§ 6291, et sea. EPCA created a comprehensive approach to federal energy policy. Congress’ primary goals in adopting EPCA included reducing domestic energy demand and increasing energy efficiency. -
Congressman Richard Pombo’S Official Webpage Has Received Awards for Being One of Best Webpages in the Entire House of Representatives
Richard W. Pombo was sworn in to his sixth term in the House of Representatives in January of 2003. He represents the Eleventh District of California which includes portions of Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaquin and Santa Clara Counties. He previously served as a city councilman in Tracy, California from 1990 to 1992. * In January of 2003, Congressman Pombo became Chairman of the House Resources Committee. He also serves on the House Agriculture Committee. Currently on leave from the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee because of his Chairmanship, he remains committed to finding transportation solutions throughout the district. * Co-founder of the Portuguese Caucus, a coalition of 35 members of Congress who promote positive Portuguese-American relations. Pombo was awarded The Grand Order of Infante D. Henrique, the highest civilian honor that is bestowed by the Portuguese government, in recognition of his efforts to improve Portuguese-American relations. * Co-founder of the San Joaquin County Citizen’s Land Alliance. The Alliance is a coalition of farmers and other property owners who advocate private property rights, and fight attempts by government to strip these rights away from citizens. On July 25, 2001, Congressman Pombo was elected Chairman of the Congressional Western Caucus. The Western Caucus is an organization of fifty-five Members of Congress which works to form one voice on issues such as Endangered Species Act reform, water rights, private property rights and other issues affecting Congressional districts in the West. Mr. Pombo has received awards from several organizations for his activism in reducing government regulations, taxation and spending, including the United States Business and Industrial Council, the National Taxpayers Union, and the Chamber of Commerce. -
Congressional Scorecard 109Th Congress 2 0 0 5 - 2006
IRANIAN AMERICAN POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE Congressional Scorecard 109th Congress 2 0 0 5 - 2006 Please visit us on the web at www.iranianamericanpac.org About IAPAC IAPAC is a registered bipartisan political action committee that contributes to candidates for public office who are attuned to the domestic concerns of the Iranian American community. IAPAC focuses exclusively on domestic policy issues such as civil rights and immigration, and it encourages Americans of Iranian descent to actively participate in civic affairs. Mission • To support and promote the election of candidates for federal, state and local office, regardless of party affiliation, who are attuned to the domestic needs and issues of the Iranian American community • To support and promote Iranian American participation in civic affairs Issue Advocacy Civil Liberties: Balancing Civil Liberties and National Security in the Post-9/11 Era. Protecting our security and ensuring that the government does not infringe upon basic constitutional rights have long been important issues for civil libertarians and certain ethnic communities. IAPAC believes that our government must take the appropriate measures to protect our nation from further atrocities, but that it can do so without eliminating basic constitutional rights. Immigration: Immigration reform that is driven by proper national security concerns and remedies based on a fair and accurate appraisal of deficiencies in the immigration process, and not simply on national origin. Specifically, IAPAC advocates for a fair and measured execution of federal regulations governing the issuance of non-immigrant and immigrant visas for Iranian nationals. Congressional Scorecard The IAPAC 2005-2006 Congressional Scorecard rates members of Congress on votes and other positions taken in the House of Representatives and the Senate in the 109th Congress, which affect the domestic needs of the Iranian American community. -
Economic and Demographic Characteristics of California's 11Th
Economic and Demographic Characteristics of California’s Eleventh Congressional District March, 2006 California’s 11th Congressional District is currently represented by Richard Pombo. Pombo has offices in Stockton, CA 95207 San Ramon, CA 94583 San Joaquin County: Clements, Escalon, Linden, Lockeford, Morada, Farmington, Lodi, Manteca, Ripon, Stockton, Tracy, Woodbridge Alameda County: Alameda, Dublin, Pleasanton, Sunol Contra Costa County: Brentwood, Danville, San Ramon, Blackhawk, Byron, Diablo, Discovery Bay Santa Clara County: Gilroy, Morgan Hill, San Martin County populations in district according to Census 2000: % pop county % pop of in county in CD in COUNTY district pop district county Alameda County (part) 90,403 1,443,741 6.26% 14.15% Contra Costa County (part) 132,203 948,816 13.93% 20.69% San Joaquin County (part) 373,933 563,598 66.35% 58.51% Santa Clara County (part) 42,549 1,682,585 2.53% 6.66% Total 639,088 100.00% Employment: All Employees 2004 dollars total change avg yrly chg 2004 2000 2004 2000 2000-2004 2000-2004 Av Week All Wk All Wk All emp 04 All emp 00 Wage Avg Annual Pay emp Wage emp Wage US 129278176 129877063 757 745 39354 38749 -0.5% 1.6% -0.1% 0.4% CA 14953022 14867006 858 869 44641 45181 0.6% -1.2% 0.1% -0.3% CA11 253485 249977 826 830 42961 43171 1.4% -0.5% 0.3% -0.1% Manufacturing Employees 2004 dollars total change avg yrly chg 2004 2000 2004 2000 2000-2004 2000-2004 Av Week Wk Mfg Wk Mfg emp 04 Mfg emp 00 Wage Avg Annual Pay Mfg emp Wage emp Wage US 14257380 18420144 920 945 47861 49118 -22.6% -2.6% -
435 HOUSE RACES 2006 Pres ’04 House ’04 DISTRICT DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN STATUS K B D R
435 HOUSE RACES 2006 Pres ’04 House ’04 DISTRICT DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN STATUS K B D R THE HOUSE BREAKDOWN: 435 Districts: 202 Democratic, 232 Republican, 1 Independent, 2 vacancies: NJ-13 (D), TX-22 (R) ALABAMA THE BREAKDOWN: 7 Districts. Current lineup: 2 Democratic, 5 Republican CD-1 Southeastern Corner: Vivian Sheffield Beckerle JO BONNER 35% 64% 37% 63% SAFE REPUBLICAN Mobile Attorney Elected in 2002 CD-2 Southeastern: Part of Chuck James TERRY EVERETT 33% 67% 28% 71% SAFE REPUBLICAN Montgomery Professor Elected in 1992 CD-3 Eastern: Anniston, Greg Pierce MIKE ROGERS 41% 58% 39% 61% SAFE REPUBLICAN Auburn Fmr Army Sgt Elected in 2004 CD-4 North Central: Gadsden, Barbara Bobo ROBERT ADERHOLT 28% 71% 75% 25% SAFE REPUBLICAN Jasper Newspaper Publisher Elected in 1996 CD-5 Northern border: Huntsville BUD CRAMER No Republican Candidate 39% 60% 25% 73% SAFE DEMOCRAT Elected in 1990 CD-6 Central: Part of Birmingham No Democratic Candidate SPENCER BACHUS 22% 78% 1% 99% SAFE REPUBLICAN Elected in 1992 CD-7 Western: Parts of Birmingh. & ARTUR DAVIS No Republican Candidate 64% 35% 75% 25% SAFE DEMOCRAT Montgomery Elected in 2002 ALASKA THE BREAKDOWN: 1 District. Current lineup: 0 Democratic, 1 Republican CD-1 Entire State Diane Benson DON YOUNG (R) 36% 61% 22% 71% SAFE REPUBLICAN Author Elected in 1973 . 1 435 HOUSE RACES 2006 Pres ’04 House ’04 DISTRICT DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN STATUS K B D R ARIZONA THE BREAKDOWN: 8 Districts. Current lineup: 2 Democratic, 6 Republican (1 Open seat: Republican) CD-1 Northern & Eastern borders: Ellen Simon RICK RENZI 46% 54% 36% 59% COMPETITIVE Flagstaff Attorney Elected in 2002 CD-2 Western border, Phoenix John Thrasher TRENT FRANKS 38% 61% 39% 59% SAFE REPUBLICAN suburbs: Lake Havasu Retired Teacher Elected in 2002 CD-3 Central, Phoenix suburbs: TBD (race too close to call) JOHN SHADEGG 41% 58% 20% 80% SAFE REPUBLICAN Paradise Valley Primary 9/12 Elected in 1994 CD-4 Central: Phoenix ED PASTOR Don Karg 62% 38% 70% 26% SAFE DEMOCRAT Elected in 1994 Management in Aerospace CD-5 Central: Tempe, Scottsdale Harry Mitchell J.D. -
Status of Most Corrupt Alumni……………………………………………………45
TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………….1 Chapter I: A Foundation for Failure………………………………………………………………3 Chapter II: Ethics Transformed, but Under Attack………………………………………………15 Chapter III: Solutions…………………………………………………………………………….23 Appendices……………………………………………………………………………………….25 Appendix A: Most Corrupt Alumni and Ignored Allegations of Misconduct…………………...26 Appendix B: History of the Ethics Committees…………………………………………………30 Appendix C: Appropriated Budgets of the House and Senate Ethics Committees and OCE…....37 Appendix D: OCE Actions……………………………………………………………………....38 Appendix E: Alumni List Numbers……………………………………………………………...39 Appendix F: Status of Most Corrupt Alumni……………………………………………………45 Appendix G: Alleged Violations by Alumni of CREW’s “Most Corrupt” Reports…………….46 Appendix H: Alumni of CREW’s Most Corrupt (Current Members of Congress)……………...47 THE MOST CORRUPT MEMBERS OF CONGRESS “UNFINISHED BUSINESS” Earmarking for personal gain. Skirting campaign finance laws. Adultery and sexual harassment. CREW has spent the past five years shining a spotlight on the extensive violations of the public trust committed by members of Congress. After publishing five “Most Corrupt Members of Congress” reports, it’s clear that the system for holding accountable those members of Congress who sacrifice the public interest for special interests is not working. Whether members take bribes, violate gift rules, or flout campaign finance regulations, those charged with enforcement look the other way. Over the past five years, CREW has uncovered more than 425 instances of potential violations of ethics rules by no fewer than 56 members of Congress. Of those, 37 members have never been investigated by any of the congressional ethics bodies, and 26 “Most Corrupt” members continue to serve in Congress. Because of that, this year, CREW is naming the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct and the Senate Select Committee on Ethics to its “Most Corrupt” list, for standing by and allowing members of Congress to break the rules with impunity. -
I File No. D.57.J?' 70 Resolution No
As Amended in Board 4/19/05 I FILE NO. D.57.J?' 70 RESOLUTION NO. 1 [Opposing Federal Legislation.] 2 3 Resolution opposing H.R. 298, a bill sponsored introduced by Rep. Richard Pombo to 4 require the Secretary of the Interior to provide public access to the Farallon National 5 Wildlife Refuge. 6 7 WHEREAS, The Farallon National Wilderness Refuge is located 28 miles west of San 8 Francisco and is within San Francisco's city limits; and, 9 WHEREAS, According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Farallon National 10 Wildlife Refuge is the largest seabird breeding colony on the Pacific coast south of Alaska, 11 hosting more than 300,000 birds each summer; and 12 WHEREAS, Breeding species of seabirds on the Farallon Islands include the western 13 gull, Cassin's auklet, rhinoceros auklet, common murre, Brandt's cormorant, double-crested 14 cormorant, pelagic cormorant, pigeon guillemot, ashy storm petrel, Leach's storm petrel, 15 American black oystercatcher and the tufted puffin, in addition to stellar sea lions and 16 northern elephant seals which breed and pup on the South Farallon Islands; and, 17 WHEREAS, Although the two hundred and eleven acre island habitat is closed to 18 public access, the wildlife can be observed, studied and photographed at a distance from 19 boats; and, 20 WHEREAS, Seabirds, whales, sea turtles, marine mammals and large fish exploit the 21 abundant and diverse food resources of this geography, one of the most abundant in the 22 world which includes rockfish that spawn near the Islands' rocky shores which are food for 23 commercially valuable fish such as salmon; and, 24 25 SUPERVISOR PESKIN, AMMIANO, DALY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Page 1 4/19/2005 j:\pt'lskit'l\!egfsla*i(jn\IBgatuti(~iI!S\2005\h.r. -
SELECT and SPECIAL COMMITTEES of the HOUSE Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
SELECT AND SPECIAL COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence H±405 The Capitol, phone 225±4121 [Created pursuant to H. Res. 658, 95th Congress] Porter J. Goss, of Florida, Chairman. C.W. Bill Young, of Florida. Norman D. Dicks, of Washington. Jerry Lewis, of California. Julian C. Dixon, of California. Bud Shuster, of Pennsylvania. David E. Skaggs, of Colorado. Bill McCollum, of Florida. Nancy Pelosi, of California. Michael N. Castle, of Delaware. Jane Harman, of California. Sherwood L. Boehlert, of New York. Ike Skelton, of Missouri. Charles F. Bass, of New Hampshire. Sanford D. Bishop, of Georgia. Jim Gibbons, of Nevada. SUBCOMMITTEES Human Intelligence, Analysis and Counterintelligence Mr. McCollum, Chairman Mr. Shuster Mr. Skaggs Mr. Castle Mr. Dixon Mr. Bass Ms. Pelosi Mr. Bishop Technical and Tactical Intelligence Mr. Lewis, Chairman Mr. Young Mr. Dicks Mr. Boehlert Mr. Skaggs Mr. Gibbons Ms. Harman Mr. Skelton STAFF Chief Counsel.ÐPatrick B. Murray. Deputy Chief Counsel.ÐChristopher Barton. Democratic Counsel.ÐMichael W. Sheehy, 5±7690. Chief Clerk.ÐLydia M. Olson. Staff Director.ÐJohn I. Millis. Staff Assistants: Christopher Baugh, Anne Fogarty, Delores Jackson, Ilene Romack, 5±7690; Kelli Short. Chief of Registry/Security.ÐMary Jane Maguire. Deputy Chief of Registry/Security.ÐWilliam McFarland. Professional Staff: Catherine D. Eberwein, Mary Engebreth,L. Christine Healey, 5±7690; Calvin Humphrey, 5±7690; Kenneth M. Kodama, 5±7690; T. Kirk McConnell, 5±7690; Michael C. Meermans, Thomas Newcomb, Susan M. Ouellette, Diane S. Roark, Timothy R. Sample, Wendy Selig. Speaker's Designee.ÐGardner Peckham. Minority Leader's Designee.ÐBrett O'Brien, 5±7690. -
Buying Influence, Selling Death
BuyingBuying Influence,Influence, SellingSelling DeathDeath Campaign Contributions By Tobacco Interests Quarterly Report: October 2004 Campaign Contributions By Tobacco Interests Quarterly Report: October 2004 These quarterly reports provide regular, detailed updates of the tobacco industry's campaign contributions to sitting members of Congress, candidates for federal office, political parties, leadership PACs and other political action committees. Each issue also provides additional information on the tobacco companies' political influence, including analyses of the correlation between these contributions and the tobacco-related legislation that members of the U.S. Congress support. Quarterly Highlights • So far in the 2003-2004 election cycle1, the tobacco industry has given nearly $2.8 million in PAC contributions to federal candidates, political parties and other political action committees. Since 1997, tobacco interests have given more than $28.7 million in political donations to federal candidates, national parties and non-party political action committees. • In the 2003-2004 election cycle to date, tobacco company PACs have donated more than $1.4 million directly to federal candidates.2 Overall, 74 percent of the tobacco PAC contributions went to Republican candidates. In the 2001-2002 election cycle, these PACs donated $2.4 million directly to federal candidates, with 77 percent ($1.8 million) of the total donations going to Republican candidates. • Tobacco PACs have also donated nearly $1.3 million to non-candidate committees so far in the 2003-2004 election cycle. Donations to non-candidate committees include nearly $467,000 to Democratic and Republican party committees, $758,500 to leadership PACs established by individual members of Congress and more than $74,000 to other non-party committees (including PACs associated with a particular issue, industry or ideology).