Migration Route for Greater and Lesser Sand Plovers Spending the Non-Breeding Season in Kenya
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Studies of the Foods and Feeding Ecology of Wading Birds
STUDIES OF THE FOODS AND FEEDING ECOLOGY OF WADING BIRDS Thesis submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Council for National Academic Awards .. by Malcolm E. Greenhalgh, B. A. Department of Biology Liverpool Polytechnic October 1975 s ABSTRACT In this thesis are described the populations of waders (Aves: Charadrii) occurring on the Ribble Estuary, Lancashire, special reference being made to the eleven species comprising the bulk of the shore wader population. The daily routine of these birds is described including the time spent in feeding. The feeding areas are described together with the foods taken from gut and pellet analysis and direct observation. The distributions of invertebrates, and especially those of major importance as wader food, are described as well as the factors affecting these distributions. Variations in density of prey in relation to O. D., general geography of the estuary, and time of year are included. Depth distribution and variations in prey size are outlined for the main species. Food intake was studied in the eight main waders. Daily intake through the year is described. in relation to energy requirements. Variations of feeding rates with several factors are included. All data are combined to enable calculation of the total biomasses of the main prey taken by waders in the course of a year. These are compared with total minimum annual production of the prey. Future work, including a computer study based on these and extra data, is outlined. Frontispiece a. The author counting a flock of 45,000 Knot 25 August, 1972 b. -
<I>Actitis Hypoleucos</I>
Partial primary moult in first-spring/summer Common Sandpipers Actitis hypoleucos M. NICOLL 1 & P. KEMP 2 •c/o DundeeMuseum, Dundee, Tayside, UK 243 LochinverCrescent, Dundee, Tayside, UK Citation: Nicoll, M. & Kemp, P. 1983. Partial primary moult in first-spring/summer Common Sandpipers Actitis hypoleucos. Wader Study Group Bull. 37: 37-38. This note is intended to draw the attention of wader catch- and the old inner feathersare often retained (Pearson 1974). ers to the needfor carefulexamination of the primariesof Similarly, in Zimbabwe, first-year Common Sandpipers CommonSandpipers Actiris hypoleucos,and other waders, replacethe outerfive to sevenprimaries between December for partial primarywing moult. This is thoughtto be a diag- andApril (Tree 1974). It thusseems normal for first-spring/ nosticfeature of wadersin their first spring and summer summerCommon Sandpipers wintering in eastand southern (Tree 1974). Africa to show a contrast between new outer and old inner While membersof the Tay Ringing Group were mist- primaries.There is no informationfor birdswintering further nettingin Angus,Scotland, during early May 1980,a Com- north.However, there may be differencesin moult strategy mon Sandpiperdied accidentally.This bird was examined betweenwintering areas,since 3 of 23 juvenile Common and measured, noted as an adult, and then stored frozen un- Sandpiperscaught during autumn in Morocco had well- til it was skinned,'sexed', andthe gut contentsremoved for advancedprimary moult (Pienkowski et al. 1976). These analysis.Only duringskinning did we noticethat the outer birdswere moultingnormally, and so may have completed primarieswere fresh and unworn in comparisonto the faded a full primary moult during their first winter (M.W. Pien- and abradedinner primaries.The moult on both wingswas kowski, pers.comm.). -
Some Aspects of Feeding Ecology of the Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius Mongolus in Three Different Zones in the Kadalundy Estuary, Kerala, South India
Feeding ecology of Lesser Sand Plover in Kerala, S India – K.M. Aarif Some Aspects of Feeding Ecology of the Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus in Three Different Zones in the Kadalundy Estuary, Kerala, South India K.M. AARIF Department of Zoology, Mananthavady Campus, Kannur University, Waynad District, Kerala, South INDIA. Email: [email protected] Received 24 October 2009; accepted 12 December 2009 Abstract: The study on feeding ecology of the Lesser Sand Plover (LSP) at Kadalundy estuary from July 2007 to December 2008, revealed that there were 13 species of crustaceans and 16 species of polychaete worms identified in the study area of which all identified small crab species(4 species) and polychaete worms (4 species) were consumed by LSPs. The highest number of crustacean species was found in mangroves (11 species). In contrast the highest species number of polychaete worms (13 species) was seen in the mudflats while no polychaete worm was identified in the sandy beds. Of the Crustaceans, Sesarma quadrata and Ocypoda sp. occurred in all the habitats. Sampling polychaete worms undertaken once a month showed that the number peaked at 39 in December 2008 in mudflats. Using direct observations once a week, the number of feeding birds was at its highest in December and January. Pearson correlation test showed significant relationship between the number of polychaete worms and feeding LSPs both at mudflats and mangroves ( p<0.05) and the Scheffe univariate test (ANOVA) showed significant differences between the three habitat zones ( p<0.01). The highest number of average total pecks at prey was seen at mudflats (82.1 in the morning and 128.0 in the afternoon). -
Mapping Farmland Wader Distributions and Population Change to Identify Wader Priority Areas for Conservation and Management Action
Mapping farmland wader distributions and population change to identify wader priority areas for conservation and management action Scott Newey1*, Debbie Fielding1, and Mark Wilson2 1. The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH 2. The British Trust for Ornithology Scotland, Stirling, FK9 4NF * [email protected] Introduction Many birds have declined across Scotland and the UK as a whole (Balmer et al. 2013, Eaton et al. 2015, Foster et al. 2013, Harris et al. 2017). These include five species of farmland wader; oystercatcher, lapwing, curlew, redshank and snipe. All of these have all been listed as either red or amber species on the UK list of birds of conservation concern (Harris et al. 2017, Eaton et al. 2015). Between 1995 and 2016 both lapwing and curlew declined by more than 40% in the UK (Harris et al. 2017). The UK harbours an estimated 19-27% of the curlew’s global breeding population, and the curlew is arguably the most pressing bird conservation challenge in the UK (Brown et al. 2015). However, the causes of wader declines likely include habitat loss, alteration and homogenisation (associated strongly with agricultural intensification), and predation by generalist predators (Brown et al. 2015, van der Wal & Palmer 2008, Ainsworth et al. 2016). There has been a concerted effort to reverse wader declines through habitat management, wader sensitive farming practices and predator control, all of which are likely to benefit waders at the local scale. However, the extent and severity of wader population declines means that large scale, landscape level, collaborative actions are needed if these trends are to be halted or reversed across much of these species’ current (and former) ranges. -
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Establishing The Link: The ROK & USA Alaskan Bar-tailed Godwit, Geum Estuary, ROK, April 2006, Jan van de Kam / Birds Korea Nial Moores, Birds Korea, November 19th 2012 An introduction prepared for the US Embassy, Seoul, and USA-based conservation organisations Number of Shared Species l 149+ species out of total 189 listed in USA-Japan migratory bird protection convention * (1972) recorded in the Republic of Korea (ROK) l 119 of these 149 are regularly-occurring in the ROK l Probably ~19 species actually migrate regularly between ROK and Alaska l These 19 species provide the best focus for discussion and future collaborative conservation work * CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOR THE PROTECTION OF MIGRATORY BIRDS AND BIRDS IN DANGER OF EXTINCTION, AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT (1972) East Asian-Australasian Flyway: Bird Migration Linking Nations Alaska: supports breeding loons, ducks and shorebirds Heart of the Flyway: the Yellow Sea. Yellow Sea Supports staging shorebirds during migration and wintering loons and Dunlin Australia and New Zealand: during boreal winter support many shorebird species Figure used by Birds Korea with permission; from van de Kam et al. (2008) USA-ROK Shared Bird Species Some freshwater ducks –however, majority of c.19 main shared migratory bird species are Seabirds and Shorebirds In ROK ecologically dependent on: 1.Inshore and Marine waters 2.Intertidal wetlands Inshore and Marine Species GInavciildaeude and Alcidae -species include: Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata YRelledow-btillhedroa Loonted G avLoonia ada mGsaii via Stellata Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon, Gangwon, T. -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution 53 (2017) 135–145
Infection, Genetics and Evolution 53 (2017) 135–145 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Infection, Genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meegid Research paper Purifying selection and concerted evolution of RNA-sensing toll-like receptors in migratory waders Nynke Raven a, Simeon Lisovski a, Marcel Klaassen a,NathanLob,ThomasMadsena, Simon Y.W. Ho b, Beata Ujvari a,⁎ a Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia b School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia article info abstract Article history: Migratory birds encounter a broad range of pathogens during their journeys, making them ideal models for study- Received 10 December 2016 ingimmunegeneevolution.Despitethepotentialvalueof these species to immunoecology and disease epidemi- Received in revised form 15 May 2017 ology, previous studies have typically focused on their adaptive immune gene repertoires. In this study, we Accepted 17 May 2017 examined the evolution of innate immune genes in three long-distance migratory waders (order Charadriiformes). Available online 18 May 2017 We analysed two parts of the extracellular domains of two Toll-like receptors (TLR3 and TLR7) involved in virus recognition in the Sanderling (Calidris alba), Red-necked Stint (Calidris ruficollis), and Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria Keywords: Migratory birds interpres). Our analysis was extended to 50 avian species for which whole-genome sequences were available, in- Toll-like receptor cluding two additional waders. We found that the inferred relationships among avian TLR3 and TLR7 do not match Concerted evolution the whole-genome phylogeny of birds. Further analyses showed that although both loci are predominantly under Avian influenza virus purifying selection, the evolution of the extracellular domain of avian TLR3 has also been driven by episodic diver- Purifying selection sifying selection. -
Conservation Advice Charadrius Mongolus Lesser Sand Plover
THREATENED SPECIES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Established under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The Minister approved this conservation advice and included this species in the Endangered category, effective from 5 May 2016 Conservation Advice Charadrius mongolus Lesser sand plover Taxonomy Conventionally accepted as Charadrius mongolus Pallas, 1776. Charadriidae. Other common names include Mongolian plover, dotterel, sand-plover or sand-dotterel; lesser dotterel or sand-dotterel; short-nosed sand plover (Marchant & Higgins 1993). Two subspecies occur in Australia, Charadrius mongolus mongolus lesser sand plover (Mongolian) and C. m. stegmanni lesser sand plover (Kamchatkan). Taxonomic uniqueness: medium (11 genera/family, 35 species/genus, 5 subspecies/species; Garnett et al., 2011). Summary of assessment Conservation status Endangered: Criterion 1 A2 (a) The highest category for which Charadrius mongolus is eligible to be listed is Endangered. Charadrius mongolus has been found to be eligible for listing under the following listing categories: Criterion 1: A2 (a): Endangered Criterion 2: Not eligible Criterion 3: Not eligible Criterion 4: Not eligible Criterion 5: Not eligible Species can be listed as threatened under state and territory legislation. For information on the listing status of this species under relevant state or territory legislation, see http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl Reason for conservation assessment by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee This advice follows assessment of new information provided to the Committee to list Charadrius mongolus. Public Consultation Notice of the proposed amendment and a consultation document was made available for public comment for 47 business days between 1 October and 4 December 2015. -
A WADER MIGRATION at TLELL, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA with THREE ILLUSTRATIONS by J
230 Vol. XXXVIII A WADER MIGRATION AT TLELL, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA WITH THREE ILLUSTRATIONS By J. A. MUNRO While at Tlell, on the east coast of Graham Island, during the period April 29 to May 30, 1935, I had an opportunity to conduct daily observations on a wader migration. The flight probably had been under way for some days prior to my arrival, and it reached the peak shortly afterward. It terminated so far as most species were concerned on May 11, after which only Sanderlings (Crocettiu a&z) were abundant. The chief feeding ground for waders was an expanse of boulder-strewn sea- bottom interspersed with areas of clear sand or of shingle, part of which was always available except at extreme high tide when the reef was completely submerged. Some of these boulders were encrusted with barnacles, others with gastropods, chiefly Littorina scutzdata. Limpets clung to their sides and the spaces between harbored various other species of molluscs. The overturning of a stone usually dis- lodged little crabs, isopods or other small animals, and a high-water mark deposit of drifted eel-grass held still others including amphipods in abundance-in short, it was a rich feeding ground not only for waders but also for gulls, bald eagles, crows and ravens. Here on the evening of April 29, with all save several small parts of the reef covered by the rising tide, a large company of waders, chiefly Black Turnstones (Arena& mdunocepkah) , but including also Aleutian Sandpipers (Arquatella ptilocds cmesi), Western Sandpipers (Ereunetes mawi), Sanderlings, Dowitchers (Limnodrom&cs griseus) and Red-backed Sandpipers (Pelidnu dpina sakkuhz) was assembled. -
British Birds |
VOL. LU JULY No. 7 1959 BRITISH BIRDS WADER MIGRATION IN NORTH AMERICA AND ITS RELATION TO TRANSATLANTIC CROSSINGS By I. C. T. NISBET IT IS NOW generally accepted that the American waders which occur each autumn in western Europe have crossed the Atlantic unaided, in many (if not most) cases without stopping on the way. Yet we are far from being able to answer all the questions which are posed by these remarkable long-distance flights. Why, for example, do some species cross the Atlantic much more frequently than others? Why are a few birds recorded each year, and not many more, or many less? What factors determine the dates on which they cross? Why are most of the occurrences in the autumn? Why, despite the great advantage given to them by the prevail ing winds, are American waders only a little more numerous in Europe than European waders in North America? To dismiss the birds as "accidental vagrants", or to relate their occurrence to weather patterns, as have been attempted in the past, may answer some of these questions, but render the others still more acute. One fruitful approach to these problems is to compare the frequency of the various species in Europe with their abundance, migratory behaviour and ecology in North America. If the likelihood of occurrence in Europe should prove to be correlated with some particular type of migration pattern in North America this would offer an important clue as to the causes of trans atlantic vagrancy. In this paper some aspects of wader migration in North America will be discussed from this viewpoint. -
Investigating Wader Breeding Productivity in the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership Area Using Collaborative Methods
BTO RESEARCH REPORT 715 Investigating wader breeding productivity in the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership Area using collaborative methods David Jarrett, John Calladine, Jos Milner, Chris Wernham & Mark Wilson ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was funded by the Cairngorms National Park Authority. We are grateful for the efforts of staff at the following estates who carried out fieldwork for the project: Balmoral Estate, Glenavon Estate, Glenlivet Estate, Invercauld Estate, Mar Estate, Mar Lodge Estate and Rhiedorrach Estate. Members of the Tomintoul and Glenlivet Wildlife Group also contributed to fieldwork and data collation. Investigating wader breeding productivity in the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership Area using collaborative methods A report to the East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership David Jarrett¹, John Calladine¹, Jos Milner², Chris Wernham¹ & Mark Wilson¹ BTO Research Report 715 1BTO Scotland, University of Stirling Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF 2East Cairngorms Moorland Partnership, Cairngorms National Park Authority, Albert Memorial Hall, Station Square, Ballater, AB35 5QB © British Trust for Ornithology 2019 BTO Scotland, University of Stirling Innovation Park, Stirling, FK9 4NF BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU Tel: +44 (0)1842 750050 Email: [email protected] Registered Charity Number 216652 (England & Wales), SC039193 (Scotland). ISBN 978–1–912642–01–4 Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................................................5 -
An Australian Sight Record of the White-Rumped Sandpiper by FRED
Dec. SMITH: Australian Record of White-rumped 317 1976 ] Sandpiper Corvus coronoides, Australian Raven. Common. Two nests in 1973 and four in 1974. Birds observed outside the period December 1, 1972 to February 1, 1975. Cracticus torquatus, Grey Butcher-bird. Podargus strigoides, Tawny Frogmouth. Dacelo gigas, Laughing Kookaburra. Seisura inquieta, Restless Flycatcher. Colluricincla harmonica, Grey Shrike-thrush. An Australian Sight Record of the White-rumped Sandpiper By FRED. T. H. SMITH, Kew, Victoria. SUMMARY An account of the first sighting for Australia of the White rumped Sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis, is given with a photograph. The bird was seen at Lake Murdeduke, Victoria, many times by various observers over a period of approximately eleven weeks. FINDING THE WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER While watching waders along the shoreline of the west side of Lake Murdeduke, a large, salty to brackish, open lake with no above-surface vegetation, about 125 km west of Melbourne, Vic toria, on November 25, 1973, with R. T . Sympson, and R. J. Swindley the latter sighted a small sandpiper that was a stranger to us all. It was feeding on a short-grassed flat near the shore and moved to the muddy edge near the waterline on being dis turbed by us. It then commenced to feed near two Red-necked Stints, Calidris ruficollis, and some Red-capped Dotterels, Chara drius alexandrinus. It was dusky in general appearance, particularly on the upper parts but somewhat paler below, with medium-length bill and dark legs. It was a little, but noticeably, larger than the Red necked Stints and its bill and legs were longer than theirs. -
1 Shorebird Population Monitoring Within Gulf St Vincent: July 2015 to June 2016 Annual Report
1 Shorebird Population Monitoring within Gulf St Vincent: July 2015 to June 2016 Annual Report. BirdLife Australia BirdLife Australia (Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union) was founded in 1901 and works to conserve native birds and biological diversity in Australasia and Antarctica, through the study and management of birds and their habitats, and the education and involvement of the community. BirdLife Australia produces a range of publications, including Emu, a quarterly scientific journal; Wingspan, a quarterly magazine for all members; Conservation Statements; BirdLife Australia Monographs; the BirdLife Australia Report series; and the Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. It also maintains a comprehensive ornithological library and several scientific databases covering bird distribution and biology. Membership of BirdLife Australia is open to anyone interested in birds and their habitats, and concerned about the future of our avifauna. For further information about membership, subscriptions and database access, contact: BirdLife Australia Suite 2-05, 60 Leicester Street Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Tel: (Australia): (03) 9347 0757 Fax: (03) 9347 9323 (Overseas): +613 9347 0757 Fax: +613 9347 9323 E-mail: [email protected] © BirdLife Australia This report is copyright. Apart from any fair dealings for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission. Enquires to BirdLife Australia. Recommended citation: Purnell, C., Peter, J., Clemens, R. 2017. Shorebird Population Monitoring within Gulf St Vincent: July 2015 to June 2016 Annual Report.