DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,619,829 Motschan 45 Date of Patent: Oct

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,619,829 Motschan 45 Date of Patent: Oct United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,619,829 Motschan 45 Date of Patent: Oct. 28, 1986 4,386,072 5/1983 Horrobin et al. ................... 424/127 54 UTILIZATION OF ASINGLEVITAMINORA COMBINATION OF WARIOUS VTAMNS 4,387,093 6/1983 Lysaght .......... ... 424/1.31 4,439,454 3/1984 Riva .................................... 424/329 76 Inventor: Georges Motschan, Schönbeinstrasse 21, 4056 Basel, Switzerland OTHER PUBLICATIONS 21 Appl. No.: 631,555 Chem. Abst., 72, 99038q, (1970)-Guglielmi et al. Chem. Abst, 74,73981h, (1971)-Fukui. 22, PCT Filed: Nov. 16, 1983 Chem Abst, 76,21283d, (1972)-Alter et al. 86 PCT No.: PCT/CH83/00127 Chem. Abst, 76, 70679(w), (1972)-Kurmaeva et al. Chem. Abst., 81, 131090z, (1974)-Nash. S371 Date: Jul. 13, 1984 Chem. Abst., 90, 70869x, (1979)-Miskinite et al. S 102(e) Date: Jul. 13, 1984 Chem. Abst., 90, 145621w, (1979)-Wilkins et al. "The Healing Factor'-Irwine Stone-1972-pp. 87 PCT Pub. No.: WO84/01899 108-112. PCT Pub. Date: May 24, 1984 Primary Examiner-Douglas W. Robinson 30 Foreign Application Priority Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ostrolenk, Faber, Gerb & Nov. 16, 1982 CH Switzerland ......................... 6682/82 Soffen 51) Int. Cl.' .................... A61K 31/525; A61K 33/42 57 ABSTRACT 52) U.S.C. ................................... 424/128; 514/251; The invention refers to a new utilization of a unique 514/825; 514/904; 514/905 vitamin or a combination of various vitamins in the 58 Field of Search ............... 514/276, 251, 825, 904, long-term treatment and/or prevention of rheumatic 514/905; 424/128 diseases. 56) References Cited During a long-term treatment and/or prevention of U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS rheumatic diseases, a unique vitamin or a combination 1,261,995 4/1918 Ampt ................................... 424/355 of various vitamins is administered to a patient. 2,816,854 12/1957 Gross ..... ... 424/143 4,206,222 6/1980 Valetas ................................ 424/279 9 Claims, No Drawings 4,619,829 1 2 It is of the utmost importance that an application in UTILIZATION OF A SINGLE VITAMEN OR A conformity with the invention is a long-term therapy, in COMBINATION OF WARIOUS VITAMNS conformity with the invention. The expression "long term therapy” ordinarily depends on the degree of the The present invention refers to a new utilization of a disease to be treated, the general state of health of the single or a combination of various vitamins in the long patient, his body weight and his age. The expert will term therapy and/or prophylaxis of rheumatic diseases easily find out how long the treatment has to last until and a method for a long-term therapy and/or prophy improvement or complete healing is achieved. If need laxis of rheumatic diseases. be, the daily administration of the active substance or of Rheumatic diseases are widespread illnesses. In the 10 the combination of active substances can be interrupted USA alone about 30 million people suffer from arthritis, for a specific period of time, for instance 1 week or 1 vide TIME MAGAZINE nr. 33, page 41, of Aug. 16, month or longer and can subsequently be resumed at the 1982. In the "Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases', vol. same, an increased or a decreased rate. Depending on 32, nr. 1 (1982), page 1, published by the Arthritis Foun the specificity of the patient's individuality, it has been dation, 3400 Peachtree Road, N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30326, 15 found, priority has to be given to a long-term therapy of well-known therapies of rheumatoid arthritis are de not less than 5 months, especially not less than 6 scribed. months, preferably 1 year, and better still not less than The active substances collectively denominated Vita 2 years. In some cases, it appears to be of the utmost mins are known, vide for example "Chemie Lexikon' advantage for the patient if the long-term treatment by Prof. Dr. Hermann Römpp, Franckh'sche Verlag 20 lasts for life. shandlung, Stuttgart. Special preference is to be given to the long-term, It is described in the literature that neither short-term regular, continuous, uninterrupted and daily applica administration of vitamins nor high-level doses and/or tion, in conformity with the invention, of an active so-called massive doses result in improvement in cases substance or a combination of active substances in con of rheumatoid arthritis; vide "Arthritis and Allied Con 25 formity with the invention, in order to achieve healing ditions. A Textbook of Rheumatology'. Editor: Joseph and/or stoppage and/or prevention (prophylaxis) of a Lee Hollander, M.D., Seventh Edition. Published (in rheumatic disease, especially of a polyarthritis in gen Europe) by Henry Kimpton, London, 1966, especially eral and of a primary chronical polyarthritis. chapter 37, "Diet and Vitamins in Rheumatoid Arthri Preferably the vitamin or vitamins belong to the tis', by Ronald Lamont-Havers, M.D. 30 vitamin-B-complex; regarding this term's definition the Completely surprisingly, it now was found that rheu above mentioned "Chemie Lexikon' for example serves matic diseases can very successfully be treated by ad as reference. ministration of at least one vitamin over a long period of The application of the vitamin or a combination of time, be it prophylactically, for improvement and/or vitamins can be, in conformity with the invention, con recovering. 35 bined and supplemented with a mineral and/or trace The present invention refers to a new application of a element and/or at least an additive, especially carriers, single or a combination of various vitamins in the long antioxidants, bacteriostats. term therapy and/or prophylaxis of rheumatic diseases, Following hereunder the specific newly applicable especially such of inflammatory and degenerative na compounds, in conformity with the invention, are de ture, which involve joints, muscles, tendines and other 40 scribed, their synonyms, their biological preliminary parts of the locomotive system. Examples of such dis stages (if any) and their chemical denominations: eases are the inflammations of joints, chronical polyar thritis, a primary chronical polyarthritis and a general VITAMINA arthritis, especially a chronical and/or acute arthritis. Synonyms: The word “Polyarthritis' has hereafter to be inter 45 Retinol preted as a collective expression for all possible forms of Axerophtol appearances of this disease(s) and its aetiology(ies), be it Antixerophtalmic vitamin rheumatoid arthritis, primary chronical polyarthritis, Antiinfectuous vitamin osteoarthritis or any of the more than 100 other forms Skin protecting vitamin and variations, symptoms and syndromes of this disease. 50 Growth vitamin Hereafter the supreme and collective expression polyar Biological preliminary stages: thritis will be used. a-6-y-Carotin The long-term therapy can be applied in any way; the Cryptoxanthin (3-Hydroxy-3-carotin) systemic, injection and the topical administrations are Echineon (4-oxo-f3-carotin) preferred. Above all, however, the most preferable is 55 Citroxanthin (Mutatochrome; (3-carotinoxide) the oral administration. The active substances acting as Myxoxanthin antirheumatic agents are administered orally and/or by Torularhodin injection in a dosage of about 0.25-2 mg/kg body Aphanin weight per day, preferably 0.5-1 mg/kg/per day, al Chemical Denominations: though higher or lower doses can be applied too and 60 easily determined by an expert, for example a physician. CH3 - In vitamin combinations, the quantities of the specific CH3 H vitamins can be varied. The dose can be administered as H C. C CH3CH3 CSa S1S a single-dose or be dispensed over several part-doses. Cs-CsC C s1 Hr. HeH CH3 CH3 For the preferred oral administration the customary 65 2 H CH3 2 modes are to be taken into consideration, such as cap CH3 sules, lacquered tablets or tablets. The manufacture of such modes of administration can be the customary one. all-trans-3-carotin 4,619,829 3 4. -continued 21 2'/ 5 Sa | N NH2 N 3-pyridine carboxamide all-trans-vitamin A1 = all-trans-3,7-dimethyi-9-(2,6,6'- trimethyl-1'-cyclohexen-l'-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol 10 VITAMIN B6 Synonyms: CH CH CH3 CH3 3 H 3 Pyridoxine CNH C H C H CHCH2OH Adermin isSa C1 SSn c1 SS.c1 S.c1 Anti-acrodynic-factor CH3 15 Anti-dermatitis-factor Rat Pellagra Preventive Factor all-trans-vitamin A2 = 3',4'-Dehydrovitamin A1 Chemical Denominations: CH2OH VITAMIN B1 20 Synonyms: Ho-1 CH2OH Thiamine CH3-S Aneurine N Antineuritic vitamin 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)-pyridine Anti-Beriberi-vitamin 25 Pyridoxole Beriberi Preventive Substance CHO Torulin Chemical Denomination HO 21 CH2OH 30 CH3-S N 2- -- N CH2-N CH3 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyridine CH-ls NH2 Tason Pyridoxal N S CH2NH2 3-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidyl-5-methyl)-4-methyl-5-6- 35 hydroxy-ethylthiazole Ho-21 CH2OH CH3 S. N VITAMIN B2 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-aminomethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyridine Synonyms: 40 Pyridoxamine Riboflavin The group of the 3 active substances Pyridoxole, Pyri Lactoflavin doxal, Pyridoxamine, all of which have vitamin-B6 ef Chemical Denomination: fects, are gathered under the denomination Pyridoxine. 45 OHOHOH PANTOTHENIC ACID Synonyms: Filtrate factor (H----CH-OHH. H. H. N N Bios IIa CH3 Y c=o 50 Bios III Chick-anti-dermatitis-factor CH3 e NH Anti-gray (hair)-factor N c1 Chemical Denominations: O 6,7-dimethyl-9-(D-1'-ribityl)-isoalloxazin 55 SH: HOCH2-C-CHOH-CO-NH-CH2-CH2-COOH NICOTINAMIDE CH3 Synonyms: Nicotinamide 60 D(+)-ay-dihydroxy-6, (3-dimethylbutyryl-3'-alanin Nicotylamide Niacinamide SH: Vitamin PP HOCH2-C-CHOH-CO-NH-CH2-CH2-CH2OH CH3 Pellagra Preventive Factor 65 PP Factor Pantothenyl alcohol (Panthenol) Pellagra preventive factor Salts: Pantothenic calcium (Calcium-D-Pantothenate) Chemical Denomination: 4,619,829 5 6 BIOTIN N N Synonyms: NH-1 raS COOH Vitamin H V Bios II 5 N N 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Towards a Healthier Britain
    To w ar d s a Healthier Britain 2010 Analysis by Dr. Pamela Mason & Dr. Carrie Ruxton Contents Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 REFERENCES 23 Given the array of nutritious, affordable foods in the shops and the wealth of health information provided by experts, few would expect significant numbers of British adults and INTRODUCTION 2 ANNEX 1: 25 children to be at risk of nutrient deficiency. Yet, this is exactly the case, according to the WHY MEETING DIETARY TARGETS IS Opinions of the European Food Safety Government’s own dietary surveys. ESSENTIAL FOR HEALTH 3 Authority on the function of vitamins and A quarter of women have inadequate intakes of iron, more evidenced by the limited progress in fruit, vegetable and minerals in the body 25 than 50% lack the antioxidant, selenium, and nearly one in oily fish targets. Vitamin and mineral supplements are ARE WE GETTING ENOUGH OF THE ten men are low in magnesium. Intakes of iron, magnesium, proven to contribute significantly to recommended intakes KEY NUTRIENTS? 6 ANNEX 2: 26 zinc, iodine and selenium are woefully low in adolescent and to boost nutritional status. In the cases of vitamin D girls. One in five pre-school children have abnormally low and long-chain omega-3s, where food sources are limited, Women 6 Table 1: Average daily vitamin and mineral iron stores, and significant groups of elderly people are supplements have a vital role in helping people to meet intakes from food sources by age in women iron deficient. Blood levels of vitamin D are too low to recommended levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispensing of Vitamin Products by Retail Pharmacies in South Africa: Implications for Dietitians
    South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016; 29(4):133–138 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2016.1219468 SAJCN ISSN 1607-0658 EISSN 2221-1268 Open Access article distributed under the terms of the © 2016 The Author(s) Creative Commons License [CC BY-NC 3.0] http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 RESEARCH Dispensing of vitamin products by retail pharmacies in South Africa: Implications for dietitians Ilse Trutera* and Liana Steenkampb a Department of Pharmacy, Drug Utilisation Research Unit (DURU), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa b HIV & AIDS Research Unit, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the dispensing patterns of vitamins (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) group A11) over a one-year period in a group of community pharmacies in South Africa. Design and setting: A retrospective drug utilisation study was conducted on community pharmacy electronic dispensing records in South Africa recorded in 2013. Outcome measures: All products for ATC subgroup A11 were extracted and analysed. Results: A total of 164 233 vitamin products were dispensed to 84 805 patients (62.64% female patients). Males received on average 2.09 (SD = 2.63) vitamin products per year, compared to 1.84 (SD = 2.13) products for females. Ergocalciferol (A11CC01) was the most often dispensed (37.48% of all vitamin products), followed by plain Vitamin B-complex products (A11EA00) accounting for 32.77%. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) is only available on prescription (50 000 IU tablets or 50 000 IU/ml oily drops) in South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • NICE Evidence Review of Vitamin D for COVID-19
    National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NG187 Vitamin D for COVID-19 [A] Evidence reviews for the use of vitamin D supplementation as prevention and treatment of COVID-19 NICE guideline NG187 Evidence reviews underpinning recommendations 1.1 to 1.3 and research recommendations in the NICE guideline December 2020 Final These evidence reviews were developed by Centre for Guidelines Methods and Economics Team Error! No text of specified style in document. Disclaimer The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian. Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties. NICE guidelines cover health and care in England.
    [Show full text]
  • VI-2936-1 29-XI Sub-Chapter XI PROVITAMINS, VITAMINS AND
    29-XI Sub-Chapter XI PROVITAMINS, VITAMINS AND HORMONES GENERAL This sub-Chapter covers active substances which constitute a group of compounds of fairly complex chemical composition, essential for the proper functioning and harmonious development of the animal and vegetable organism. They have mainly a physiological action and are used in medicine or industry because of their individual characteristics. In this Sub-Chapter, the term “derivatives” refers to chemical compounds which could be obtained from a starting compound of the heading concerned and which retain the essential characteristics of the parent compound, including its basic chemical structure. 29.36 - Provitamins and vitamins, natural or reproduced by synthesis (including natural concentrates), derivatives thereof used primarily as vitamins, and intermixtures of the foregoing, whether or not in any solvent (+). - Vitamins and their derivatives, unmixed : 2936.21 - - Vitamins A and their derivatives 2936.22 - - Vitamin B1 and its derivatives 2936.23 - - Vitamin B2 and its derivatives 2936.24 - - D- or DL-Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B3 or Vitamin B5) and its derivatives 2936.25 - - Vitamin B6 and its derivatives 2936.26 - - Vitamin B12 and its derivatives 2936.27 - - Vitamin C and its derivatives 2936.28 - - Vitamin E and its derivatives 2936.29 - - Other vitamins and their derivatives 2936.90 - Other, including natural concentrates Vitamins are active agents, usually of complex chemical composition, which are obtained from outside sources and are essential for the proper functioning of human or other animal organisms. They cannot be synthesised by the human body and must therefore be obtained in final or nearly final form (provitamins) from outside sources.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Food and Nutritional Science
    International Journal of Food and Nutritional Science Research Article NHANES Data indicates that adequate vitamin intake remains a challenge for a large part of the elderly even in affluent societies Barbara Troesch1, Michael McBurney2, Peter Weber1, Manfred Eggersdorfer1* 1DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland 2DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Parsippany, NJ, United States *Corresponding author: Manfred Eggersdorfer, DSM Nutritional Products Ld. Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzer- land,Tel: +41 61 815 8196; Fax: +41 61 815 8490; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Received Date:August 19, 2015 Background and aims: Demographic changes lead to an increased number of elder- Accepted Date: January 20, 2016 ly, which has a dramatic impact on health care cost. One factor driving up this cost is Published Date: January 26, 2016 the widespread malnutrition in elderly, especially in patients, already before entering the health care system. The aim of this paper was to analyze the adequacy of vitamin intakes in older people based on data from the US National Health and Nutrition Exam- Citation: Eggersdorfer, M., et al. Ad- ination Survey (NHANES) 2003 to 2008. equate Vitamin Intake Remains a Chal- Methods: Vitamin intake for the US elderly aged >70 years was determined based on lenge for a Large Part of the Elderly information collected during NHANES 2003-2008. The proportions of elderly with in- Even In Affluent Societies. (2016) Int J takes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and the correlation with house- Food Nutr Sci 3(1): 189-194. hold incomes were calculated for each vitamin. Results: >50% US elderly do not reach the EAR for vitamin D, E and K and 35-40% Keywords: Aging/elderly; Vitamins; for vitamin C and A, while for the B-vitamins, the proportion ranges from 1-30% and Deficiencies; Vitamin intake; Nutrition- vitamin intakes correlated with household incomes.
    [Show full text]
  • AR 40-25 Nutrition Standards and Education
    Army Regulation 40–25 BUMEDINST 10110.6 AFI 44-141 Medical Services Nutrition Standards and Education Headquarters Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force Washington, DC 15 June 2001 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 40–25/BUMEDINST 10110.6/AFI 44–141 Nutrition Standards and Education This revision-- o Renames the recommended nutrient standards, changing the term from Military Recommended Dietary Allowances to Military Dietary Reference Intakes (para 2- 1). o Updates the Military Dietary Reference Intakes and nutrient standards for operational and restricted rations to incorporate the Food and Nutrition Board’s Recommended Dietary Allowances, tenth revised edition, 1989; the Food and Nutrition Board’s Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride, 1997; the Food and Nutrition Board’s Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline, 2000; and the Food and Nutrition Board’s Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids, 2000 (tables 2-1 and 2-2). o Expands information on survival rations to provide information on the Food Packet, Survival, General Purpose, Improved; the Food Packet, Survival, Abandon Ship; and the Food Packet, Survival, Aircraft/Life Raft (para 2-2e). o Updates information on energy expenditures under various environmental conditions, such as cold, hot, or high altitude environments, to include data from recent studies (para 2-3). o Deletes the majority of the previous nutrient discussion. This information is now included in USARIEM Technical Note 00/10: Military Dietary Reference Intakes: Rationale for Tabled Values. o Establishes that the services are responsible for meeting the guidelines of AR 40-25/BUMEDINST 10110.6/AFI 44-141 in their food service programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2021 EPHMRA ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES 2021
    EPHMRA ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES 2021 Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2021 "The Anatomical Classification of Pharmaceutical Products has been developed and maintained by the European Pharmaceutical Marketing Research Association (EphMRA) and is therefore the intellectual property of this Association. EphMRA's Classification Committee prepares the guidelines for this classification system and takes care for new entries, changes and improvements in consultation with the product's manufacturer. The contents of the Anatomical Classification of Pharmaceutical Products remain the copyright to EphMRA. Permission for use need not be sought and no fee is required. We would appreciate, however, the acknowledgement of EphMRA Copyright in publications etc. Users of this classification system should keep in mind that Pharmaceutical markets can be segmented according to numerous criteria." © EphMRA 2021 Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2021 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 1 B BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS 28 C CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 36 D DERMATOLOGICALS 51 G GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES 58 H SYSTEMIC HORMONAL PREPARATIONS (EXCLUDING SEX HORMONES) 68 J GENERAL ANTI-INFECTIVES SYSTEMIC 72 K HOSPITAL SOLUTIONS 88 L ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS 96 M MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM 106 N NERVOUS SYSTEM 111 P PARASITOLOGY 122 R RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 124 S SENSORY ORGANS 136 T DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS 143 V VARIOUS 145 Anatomical Classification Guidelines V2021 INTRODUCTION The Anatomical Classification was initiated in 1971 by EphMRA. It has been developed jointly by Intellus/PBIRG and EphMRA. It is a subjective method of grouping certain pharmaceutical products and does not represent any particular market, as would be the case with any other classification system.
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D2, D4, D5, D6, and D7 From
    H OH metabolites OH Article Simultaneous Synthesis of Vitamins D2,D4,D5,D6, and D7 from Commercially Available Phytosterol, β-Sitosterol, and Identification of Each Vitamin D by HSQC NMR Shiro Komba *, Eiichi Kotake-Nara and Wakako Tsuzuki Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan; ekotake@affrc.go.jp (E.K.-N.); wakako@affrc.go.jp (W.T.) * Correspondence: skomba@affrc.go.jp; Tel.: +81-29-838-7298 Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 4 June 2019; Published: 6 June 2019 Abstract: We succeeded in simultaneously synthesizing the vitamin D family, vitamins D2,D4, D5,D6, and D7, from β-sitosterol, which is sold as a commercially available reagent from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. It is officially sold as a mixture of four phytosterols {β-sitosterol (40–45%), campesterol (20–30%), stigmasterol, and brassicasterol}. Owing to this, we anticipated that, using this reagent, various vitamin D analogs could be synthesized simultaneously. We also synthesized vitamin D3 from pure cholesterol and analyzed and compared all vitamin D analogs (D2,D3,D4, D5,D6, and D7) by HSQC NMR. We succeeded in clearly demonstrating the difference in the NMR chemical shifts for each vitamin D analog. Keywords: vitamin D; simultaneous synthesis; commercial β-sitosterol; HSQC NMR 1. Introduction The vitamin D family [1] is known as vitamins D2 {ergocalciferol or (5Z,7E,22E)-(3S)-9,10-seco- 5,7,10(19),22-ergostatetraen-3-ol}, D3 {cholecalciferol or (5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)- cholestatrien-3-ol}, D4 {22,23-dihydroercalciol or (5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-ergostatrien-3-ol), D5 {(5Z,7E)-(3S)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-stigmastatrien-3-ol}, D6 {(22E)-(24R)-ethyl-22,23- didehydrocalciol or (5Z,7E,22E)-(3S)-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19),22-stigmastatetraen-3-ol}, and D7 {(5Z,7E,24R)-(3S)-9,10- seco-5,7,10(19)-ergostatrien-3-ol} and contributes to important biological functions after converting to active forms [2].
    [Show full text]
  • This Mushroom Month, Feed Your Immune System
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Eric Davis, 612-202-9407, [email protected] This Mushroom Month, Feed Your Immune System A Closer Look at Mushrooms’ Nutrients Redwood Shores, CA (Sept. 1, 2020) – September is Mushroom Month, an ideal time to celebrate mushrooms’ many uses and wholesome, earthy flavor. Mushrooms, like other fruits and vegetables, can also play a positive role in supporting a healthy immune system. “Mushrooms aren’t just delicious on your plate, they are a healthy addition for your body, particularly as we become even more mindful of feeding our immune system as we head into fall and winter,” said Bart Minor, president and CEO of The Mushroom Council. The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body against infection and maintain overall health. Nutrients Found in Mushrooms Important for Overall Wellness Studies1 conclude that there are a variety of micronutrients important for supporting a healthy immune system. Consider these three nutrients, all found in mushrooms: Selenium2 is an essential trace mineral, which means your body must get this mineral in the food you eat. Selenium helps your body make special proteins, called antioxidant enzymes. These play a role in preventing cell damage.3 For example, four crimini mushrooms can provide 38% of the recommend daily allowance (RDA) for selenium4. Vitamin D5 helps build and maintain strong bones by helping the body absorb calcium. Vitamin D is available via diet, supplements and sunlight, which is why it is also referred to as the “sunshine vitamin.” 1 https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/health-disease/immunity.
    [Show full text]
  • CHOLECALCIFEROL: Updates a PERFECT SYNTHESIS Davide Gatti Department of Medicine, University of Verona
    VITAMIN D CHOLECALCIFEROL: UpDates A PERFECT SYNTHESIS Davide Gatti Department of Medicine, University of Verona Vitamin D activation is realized by means of mushrooms (especially in the gills following complex mechanisms included within the physi- exposure to sunlight) as well as in marine mol- ological regulation of mineral metabolism. This lusks and yeasts, in which it is not distinguish- review focuses on metabolic systems that lead able from D3 in normal doses [2-5]. In mice, it to vitamin D synthesis. Evolution has made it has a much lower capacity (roughly half) than necessary to satisfy the needs of increasing- cholecalciferol in healing rickets [4], although ly complex organisms, which are moreover its active metabolites have shown antiprolifer- located in areas with in areas with ever less ative and differentiation effects at the cellular calcium availability. Although the mechanism level (in vitro) similar to those produced by cal- is not yet completely clear, the outline that has citriol [1-25(OH)2 vitamin D3] [3]. emerged – in spite of its complexity – helps us Interesting data are also available for vitamin understand the key role that nature has always D5. It is also of vegetable origin and has been attributed to this particular vitamin. identified (again through chromatographic studies) in some plants, in which, however, its VITAMIN D: ONE OR MANY? physiological role is still completely unknown. Secosteroids are a subclass of tetracyclic ste- The interest of researchers in vitamin D5 is con- roids in which one of the rings has been “bro- nected to the anti-neoplastic capacity of its hy- ken” (the prefix “seco-” derives from the Latin droxylated metabolite in the 1 alpha position secare, to cut).
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,183,227 B1 (75
    US008183227B1 (12) UnitedO States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,183,227 B1 Perrin et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 22, 2012 (54) COMPOSITIONS, KITS AND METHODS FOR 5,223,285 A 6/1993 DeMichele NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTATION 35. A } 3. Alter. 1 - 4 W COSa (a. (75) Inventors: Epps,E. ySR) Guillaume S. A Riay erry, Hoboken, 5,374,560 A 12/1994 Allen et al. 5,407,957 A 4/1995 Kyle et al. (73) Assignee: Chemo S. A. France, Sevres (FR) 5,422,127 A SE R et al. 5.438,017 A 8, 1995 Allen (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,444,054 A 8, 1995 Garleb 5,457,055 A 10, 1995 Allen et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5.492.938 A 2/1996 Kyle et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,494,678 A 2/1996 Paradissis et al. 5,514,382 A 5/1996 Sultenfuss (21) Appl. No.: 13/292.735 5,545,411 A 8/1996 Chancellor 5,550,146 A 8, 1996 Acosta et al. (22) Filed: Nov. 9, 2011 3. A BE SEE, Related U.S. Application Dat 5,569,458 A 10/1996 Greenberg e .S. Application Data 5,571.441 A 11/1996 Andon 5,574,065 A 11/1996 Trimbo (60) Provisional application No. 61/505.341, filed on Jul. 7, 5,585,134 A 12/1996 Cummings et al. 2011. 5,589,468 A 12/1996 Lin et al. (51) Int. Cl. (Continued ) (52) self sis.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin D Toxicity and Homoeopathy
    Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Homoeopathy) Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy Vitamin D Intoxication and Homoeopathy © Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy) Homoeo Cure & Research Institute NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttarakhand) INDIA Pin- 244713 Ph. 05947- 260327, 9897618594 E. mail- [email protected] www.treatmenthomeopathy.com www.cureme.org.in Contents Introduction ............................................................................................... 2 Definition .................................................................................................. 2 Types ....................................................................................................... 2 Sources ..................................................................................................... 3 Sun exposure ............................................................................................ 3 Food ...................................................................................................... 4 Supplements ............................................................................................ 5 Serum levels of vitamin D ............................................................................... 5 Biochemistry ............................................................................................... 5 Hydroxylation 1 ......................................................................................... 5 Hydroxylation 2 ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]