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A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 130: 33–39 (2019) reflexipetalum, a new from Xizang, 33 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate research

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum (, , ), a new species from Xizang, China

Ji-Dong Ya1, Yong-Jie Guo1, Cheng Liu1, Jie Cai1, Gui-Jun Dong3, Hong Jiang2, De-Zhu Li1

1 Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China 2 Yunnan Laboratory for Conservation of Rare/Endan- gered & Endemic Forest , National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Lan’an Road 2 Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China 3 The Administration of Nature Reserve, Forestry Bureau of Linzhi Prefecture, Linzhi, 860000, Xizang, China

Corresponding author: Hong Jiang ([email protected])

Academic editor: Wen-Bin Yu | Received 27 February 2019 | Accepted 15 April 2019 | Published 29 August 2019

Citation: Ya J-D, Guo Y-J, Liu C, Cai J, Dong G-J, Jiang H, Li D-Z (2019) Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxideae), a new species from Xizang, China. In: Cai J, Yu W-B, Zhang T, Li D-Z (Eds) Revealing of the diversity in China’s biodiversity hotspots. PhytoKeys 130: 33–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.130.34153

Abstract Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum, a new species from Motuo County, Southeast Xizang, China, is described and illustrated here. This new species belongs toBulbophyllum sect. Umbellata Bentham & J. D. Hooker, and it is morphologically similar to B. umbellatum Lindley, B. guttulatum (J. D. Hooker) N. P. Bal- akrishnan and B. salweenensis X.H. Jin, but is distinguished from them by having reflexed , base of dorsal with 1 dentate on each side, lip with significantly revolute margin, adaxially with dark brown spots or patches and one longitudinal groove.

Keywords , Bulbophyllum, Section Umbellata, Xizang Province, China

Copyright Ji-Dong Ya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 34 Ji-Dong Ya et al. / PhytoKeys 130: 33–39 (2019)

Introduction

Bulbophyllum Thouarm (Orchidaceae) is one of the three largest genera in the orchid family, comprising about 2200 species widely distributed in tropical , and America (Lang and Tsi 1987, Pridgeon et al. 2014). There are about 105 species in China (Chen and Vermeulen 2009), with several new species described in recent years (Zhou and Jin 2015, Liu et al. 2016, Zhai et al. 2017). Motuo is an important area in the eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, but the species diversity in this region is poorly known, and some new taxa are discovered and described in recent years (Lai and Jin 2012, Huang et al. 2013, Raskoti et al. 2017). More conservation efforts are needed in this region to counteract the increasing anthropogenic disturbance and destruction. During our field survey in Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region, a new Bulbo- phyllum species of sect. Umbellata Bentham & J. D. Hooker was found in the subtropi- cal broad-leaved forest and described below.

Materials and methods

Type specimens were collected in Motuo County, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, during a field expedition in 2016. Photographs were taken in field. Shapes, colors and other details given in the description were based on living materials (five individuals). The and pollinia morphological photographs were taken using an Olympus SZX16. Voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Acad- emy of Sciences (KUN). The conservation status of the new species was evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2012).

Taxonomy Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum J.D.Ya, Y.J.Guo & C.Liu, sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77201398-1 Figure 1, 2

Diagnosis. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum is similar to B. salweenensis X.H. Jin, B. umbellatum Lindley and B. guttulatum (J. D. Hooker) N. P. Balakrishnan in terms of morphological structure and shape of the flowers. The new species can be distinguished from B. salweenensis by the absence of sheaths on the pseudobulbs and , scape longer than and petals apex mucronate. It can be distinguished from B. umbellatum with smaller and flattened void or ovoid-conic pseudobulbs, shorter leaf blade, petals apex caudate. In addition, the new species can be distinguished from B. guttulatum with leaf blade oblong and apex emarginated, shorter pedicel and , lip papillae with a single longitudinal ridge. Type. CHINA. Xizang Autonomous Region: Motuo, subtropical, evergreen broad- leaved forest, 1378 m, 17 Mar 2016, J.-D. Ya, Y.-J. Guo, Q.-R. Zhang 18HT1419 (holotype: KUN!). Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum, a new species from Xizang, China 35

Figure 1. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A habitat B plant C inflorescenceD front view of flower E lateral view of flower F dorsal view of flower G adaxial and petals H abaxial sepals and petals I lateral view of column and lip J bract K front view of column L dorsal view of labellum M front view of labellum N dorsal view of pollinarium O front view of pollinarium P lateral view of pollinarium Q abaxial anther cap R adaxial anther cap (Photographed by J.-D. Ya).

Description. Epiphytic herbs. Rhizome creeping and rooting, 3–4 mm in diam. Roots arising from the nodes, 0.5–1.5 mm in diam. Pseudobulbs often 1–2 cm apart on rhizome, flattened ovoid or ovoid-conic, ca. 10–16 × 8–15 mm, with a terminal leaf. Leaf blade oblong, 50–65 × 15–20 mm, leathery, apex obtuse and emarginate, base nar- rowing into a petiole; petiole 10–20 mm. Scape arising from the base of pseudobulb, 13–20 cm long, longer than leaf; umbellate, often 3–4-flowered; peduncle ca. 1.5 mm in diam, with 3 tubular sheaths; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, concave, ca. 6.3 × 2.0 mm; peduncle and ovary ca. 10–15 mm long. Flowers greenish yellow, sepals and petals with dark brown spots; lip greenish yellow, adaxially with dark brown spots or patches. Dorsal sepal ovate, concave, apex obtuse, base with 1 dentate on each side, ca. 8.10 × 4.95 mm, 5-veined; lateral sepals falcate-lanceolate, base adnate to column foot, twisted inward near base, ca. 10.30 × 5.26 mm, 5-veined; Petals reflexed, broadly ovate- triangular, ca. 3.23 × 2.52 mm, 1-veined, margin entire, apex mucronate; lip deflexed, triangular-lingulate, ca. 4.02 × 2.94 mm, base subcordate with papillae on the edge, margin revolute, apex obtuse, adaxially with a longitudinal ridge from base to apex, abaxially with a longitudinal groove; column ca. 3.25 mm, with deltoid, rounded wings along lower margins, stelidia deltoid, ca. 1 mm, foot ca. 6.86 mm, apex attached to lip; anther cap subglobose with many longitudinal lamellae when dry. pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, 0.72–0.93 mm, yellow, ovate, waxy, attached to sticky substance. Fl. February–March. 36 Ji-Dong Ya et al. / PhytoKeys 130: 33–39 (2019)

Figure 2. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum sp. nov. A plant B C front view of flowerD lateral view of flowerE adaxial sepals and petals F front view of labellum G dorsal view of labellum H lateral view of column and lip I front view of column J bract K lateral view of pollinarium L front view of pollinarium M dorsal view of pollinarium N abaxial anther cap O adaxial anther cap (Drawn by Rong-Mei Zhang).

Etymology. The specific epithet “reflexipetalum” refers to reflexed petals of this new species. Vernacular name. Fan Ban Juan Ban Lan (Chinese pronunciation); 反瓣卷瓣兰 (Chinese name). Distribution and habitat. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum is currently known only from the type locality of Motuo, Southeast Xizang, China. It is a predominantly epi- phytic species that grows on tree trunks, under broadleaf evergreen forest at the eleva- tion between 1300 m and 1400 m. Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum, a new species from Xizang, China 37

Conservation status. During our 2-weeks field survey, only 2 populations were found. As this new species may also grow in the broadleaf evergreen forest of vicinity region, we regard its status as Data Deficient IUCN( 2012).

Discussion

Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum belongs to sect. Umbellata based on the umbellate inflorescence (Chen and Vermeulen 2009). Morphologically, this new species is similar to B. salweenensis, B. umbellatum and B. guttulatum in terms of vegetative morphology and shape of the flowers (Figure 3), but is easily recognized by its reflexed petals, the dentate of dorsal sepal and the revolute margin of lip (Table 1). Beyond that, B. reflexipetalum can be distinguished from B. salweenensis by the absence of sheaths on the pseudobulbs and rhizome (vs. pseudobulbs and rhizome with sheaths), scape longer than leaf and petals apex mucronate (vs. the scape shorter than leaf); it differs from B. umbellatum with smaller and flattened void or ovoid- conic pseudobulbs, shorter leaf blade, petals apex caudate (vs. obtuse-rounded petals)

Table 1. Morphological comparison of Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum and its closely related species.

Bulbophyllum Characters B. salweenensis B. umbellatum B. guttulatum reflexipetalum flattened ovoid or ovoid- ovoid-conic or narrowly ovoid or ovoid-conic, ovoid-conic, with sheaths conic, without sheaths ovoid, without sheaths without sheaths Pseudobulbs 10–16 × 8–15 mm 10–40 × 4–6 mm 20–25 × 7–10 mm 13–35 × 10–20 mm

narrowly oblong, apex elliptic-oblong, apex oblong, apex emarginate, oblong, apex emarginate, Leaf blade emarginate, 4–16 × rounded, 7–14 × ca. 5–6.5 × 1.5–2 cm 8–19× 1.3–2.8 cm 0.5–2.5 cm 3 cm. 13–20 cm, longer than Scape 4–9 cm, shorter than leaf 10–15 cm 8–12 cm leaf Pedicel and 10–15 mm ca. 10 mm ca. 20 mm ca. 25 mm ovary

greenish yellow with greenish yellow with dark greenish yellow or Flowers yellow with red spots dark brown spots purplish red spots brown with purplish apex

Ovate, apex obtuse, base ovate, concave, apex broadly ovate, apex Dorsal sepal ovate, acuminate, entire. with 1 dentate acute mucronulate Reflexed, broadly ovate- lanceolate, denticulate, broadly ovate-triangular, ovate, ca. 7 × 5 mm, Petals triangular, ca.3.23 × 2.52 ca. 5 × 2 mm, apex ca. 4.5 × 4 mm, apex obtuse-rounded mm, apex mucronate caudate mucronate

greenish yellow, whitish purple at base, adaxially with dark white white with purple spots pink at apex, keel pink. brown spots or patches

triangular-lingulate, apex lingulate, apex obtuse, lingulate, apex obtuse, subovate, apex obtuse, ca. 4.02×2.94 emarginated, 5 × 3.4 mm Lip mm ca. 8×3 mm; ca. 8×3 mm; adaxially papillae with a longitudinal ridge, adaxially papillae with a adaxially papillae with a adaxially with 3 margin revolute, abaxial longitudinal ridge longitudinal ridge longitudinal ridges with a longitudinal groove; 38 Ji-Dong Ya et al. / PhytoKeys 130: 33–39 (2019)

Figure 3. A Bulbophyllum reflexipetalum B B.umbellatum C B.salweenensis 1 front view of flower2 lateral view of flower3 lateral view of column and lip 4 dorsal sepal 5 6 front view of column 7 dorsal or lateral view of labellum (Photographed by J.-D. Ya & H. Jiang).

; and it differs from B. guttulatum with leaf blade oblong and apex emarginated (vs. leaf blade elliptic-oblong and apex rounded), shorter pedicel and ovary, lip papillae with a single longitudinal ridge (lip with three ridges in B. guttulatum) (Chen and Vermeulen 2009, Zhou and Jin 2015).

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Xiaohua Jin, Chao Hu for their valuable discussion and suggestions. We convey our special thanks to Qiaorong Zhang, Huajie He, Shaofa Qin, Fengqiong Zhang and Changhong Li for their kind assistance in the field. This study was finan- cially supported by National Science & Technology Infrastructure and the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017-LSFGBOWS-02).

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