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Receptionen Av Anne Charlotte Lefflers Författarskap I Den Tyska Tidskriften Deutsche Rundschau 1884-1894

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Receptionen Av Anne Charlotte Lefflers Författarskap I Den Tyska Tidskriften Deutsche Rundschau 1884-1894 Receptionen av Anne Charlotte Lefflers författarskap i den tyska tidskriften Deutsche Rundschau 1884-1894 En undersökning av förutsättningarna för en ny effektiv litteraturhistorieskrivning The Reception of Anne Charlotte Leffler’s Authorship in the German Review Deutsche Rundschau 1884-1894 A Study of the Prerequisite of a New Effective Literary History Marcus Holm Kandidatuppsats Termin: HT 2013 Kurs: LV1310, 15 hp Nivå: Kandidat Handledare: Gunilla Hermansson Abstract Bachelor Thesis in Comparative Literature Title: The Reception of Anne Charlotte Leffler’s Authorship in the German Review Deutsche Rundschau 1884-1894: A Study of the Prerequisite of a New Effective Literary History. Author: Marcus Holm Year: Autumn 2013 Department: The Faculty of Arts at the University of Gothenburg Supervisor: Gunilla Hermansson Examiner: Christer Ekholm Keywords: Anne Charlotte Leffler; Deutsche Rundschau; reception; Germany; counter history This essay examines the possibilities of writing a counter history about Anne Charlotte Leffler that does not have - like most of the previous studies and literary histories upon Leffler - the Swedish boundaries or the Swedish language as its model. That is to say that this essay, in opposition to most of the hitherto writings on Anne Charlotte Leffler, values the international reception as high as the Swedish reception. It does so by undertaking a case study based on the German review Deutsche Rundschau, which published six short stories by and three articles about Anne Charlotte Leffler between 1884 and 1894. The short stories and the articles in Deutsche Rundschau are compared with two other documents of reception that contribute to the understanding of the German reception of Leffler. The examination shows that the focus on the international reception can contribute to illuminate aspects of Anne Charlotte Lefflers authorship that previously have been disregarded. One of the most important results is that it seems like Anne Charlotte Leffler was first and foremost an author of short stories and novels in Germany, while her dramatic writings were standing in the background. Another result is that Anne Charlotte Leffler had specific obstacles at the German scene just because she was a woman with the emancipation of women on her agenda. At the end it is shown that it is possible and even important to write a counter history about Anne Charlotte Leffler that has her successes and failures at the international scene in focus. Innehållsförteckning Inledning.................................................................................................................. 4 Syfte och frågeställning................................................................................................ 4 Teori ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Material och metod........................................................................................................ 9 Deutsche Rundschau................................................................................................. 11 Tidigare forskning.......................................................................................................... 14 Internationell reception i tidigare forskning................................................... 17 Biografierna om den tyska receptionen och Deutsche Rundschau......... 19 Sammanfattning av den internationella receptionen.................................. 21 Undersökning......................................................................................................... 23 Anne Charlotte Leffler och Hamburger Thalia Theater.................................. 23 Anne Charlotte Leffler och Deutsche Rundschau.............................................. 26 1884 – Introduktionen av Anne Charlotte Leffler.......................................... 26 1893 – Omvärderingen av Anne Charlotte Leffler......................................... 28 1894 – Deutsche Rundschaus sista publicering............................................. 35 Urvalet i Deutsche Rundschau.................................................................................. 36 Eine Vorläuferin Ibsens – ett annat perspektiv................................................. 37 Diskussion............................................................................................................... 40 Upplagor i perspektiv............................................................................................... 40 Villkoren för den tyska receptionen och en möjlig mothistoria............... 41 Vidare forskning......................................................................................................... 43 Litteraturförteckning.......................................................................................... 45 Appendix 1..................................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix 2..................................................................................................................................... 51 Appendix 3..................................................................................................................................... 52 Inledning Sie war weit über ihre Heimat Schweden hinaus bekannt und auch bei uns viel gelesen und oft besprochen, da z. B. die „Deutsche Rundschau“ seit Jahren ihre Erzählungen veröffentlichte.1 Laura (Marholm) Hansson (1854-1928) Anne Charlotte Lefflers (1849-1892) författarskap nådde långt utanför Sveriges gränser. I den bilden instämmer de flesta som har bekantat sig med hennes författarskap. Trots att de internationella framgångarna omnämns regelbundet i tidigare forskning så är de bara sparsamt undersökta. Oftast har forskningen hämtat uppgifter om de internationella framgångarna i Anne Charlotte Lefflers brev och sedan lämnat andra källor outforskade. Laura Marholm bodde i Tyskland sedan fyra år när Das Buch der Frauen: Zeitpsychologische Porträts publicerades. Hon kände den tyska kulturvärlden och det är ingen tillfällighet att hon nämnde Deutsche Rundschau som exempel. I den här uppsatsen står publiceringarna av Anne Charlotte Lefflers noveller i Deutsche Rundschau och de presentationer av hennes författarskap som redaktionen bifogade i centrum. Syfte och frågeställning Denna uppsats fokuserar receptionen av Anne Charlotte Lefflers verk i Tyskland mellan 1884 och 1898.2 Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka möjligheterna att skriva en mothistoria om Anne Charlotte Lefflers författarskap där Sverige som land eller svenskan som språk inte är modellen.3 Begreppet mothistoria får sitt sammanhang under rubriken ”Teori” men kan redan här sägas vara ett sätt att se på litteraturhistorieskrivningen som öppnar upp för nya perspektiv som i tidigare 1 Laura (Marholm) Hansson: Das Buch der Frauen: Zeitpsychologische Porträts (Paris och Leipzig, 1895) s. 41. I den svenska översättningen av I. Cohn från samma år låter motsvarande stycke som följer: ”Hon var känd långt ut öfver sitt hemlands, Sveriges, gränser och lästes och omtalades äfven mycket i Tyskland, där t.ex. ››Deutsche Rundschau‹‹ under flera år offentliggjorde hennes berättelser”. Hansson (Marholm), Laura: Kvinnor: sex tidspsykologiska porträtt (Stockholm, 1895) s. 41. 2 1898 publicerades ”Eine Vorläuferin Ibsens” i Aus fremden Zungen som också är en del av den här uppsatsen material. Deutsche Rundschau publicerade den sista novellen av Anne Charlotte Leffler, som uppsatsen titel uppger, 1884. 3 Begreppet modell (nationell modell) beskrivs närmare i avsnittet ”Teori”. 4 traditionell litteraturhistorieskrivning har blivit förbisedda. Med den utgångspunkten antas receptionen av Anne Charlotte Lefflers verk i Tyskland kunna bidra till en vidgad och fördjupad förståelse av hennes författarskap. För att belysa möjligheterna med en sådan syn på litteraturhistorien kommer uppsatsen att arbeta med en fallstudie, nämligen presentationerna av Lefflers författarskap och publiceringarna av sex av hennes noveller i Deutsche Rundschau mellan 1884 och 1894. Fallstudien kommer att kompletteras av två andra receptionsdokument som genom att jämföras med materialet i Deutsche Rundschau bidar till förståelsen av receptionen där.4 Den fråga som är ledande för uppsatsen kan formuleras på följande sätt: Hur presenterades Anne Charlotte Leffler i Tyskland genom publiceringarna av hennes noveller och de tillhörande introduktionerna till hennes författarskap i tidskriften Deutsche Rundschau? I undersökningen kommer de redaktionella valen att stå i centrum. Vilka noveller har valts ut? Hur presenteras Anne Charlotte Leffler och hennes författarskap i de texter som Deutsche Rundschau bifogat novellerna? Vad kan undersökningen av de tyska redaktionella receptionsdokumenten säga om de särskilda villkor som gällde för Leffler med avseende på den internationella receptionen? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns mellan Deutsche Rundschau och de två övriga receptionsdokumenten från Hamburger Thalia Theater respektive Aus fremden Zungen? Svaren på dessa frågor väntas ge en fingervisning om hur Anne Charlotte Leffler togs emot i Tyskland. Det ger naturligtvis inga uttömmande svar om den tyska receptionen men räcker för att pröva möjligheterna att skriva en mothistoria om Leffler där den till stora delar förbisedda internationella receptionen får en central plats. Att kartlägga den tyska receptionen av Anne Charlotte Leffler under de för uppsatsen aktuella åren är ett
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