DOCSLIB.ORG

Contributions of Morphometrics to Medical Entomology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contributions of Morphometrics to Medical Entomology ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆CHAPTER 25 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆ Contributions of Morphometrics to Medical Entomology J.-P. Dujardin1 and D.E. Slice2 1Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD, Montpellier, France 2 Institute for Anthropology, University of Vienna,Vienna,Austria “J’ai besoin de savoir que tout n’est pas confondu. (I need to know that everything is not confounded)” —Jean Tardieu, in La Part de l’Ombre 25.1 INTRODUCTION 25.1.1 From Dimensions to Biology In the absence of artifactual variation, a distance between two Morphometrics quantitatively describes the morphological anatomical landmarks or their relative position to other such variation of objects.When applied to biological forms, it is points (see Figs. 25.1 and 25.2), depend on the morphological a particular field of biometrics. In medical entomology, development of the organism under study; their variation with where a major interest is the biology of insects in their geography is arguably an effect of both environmental influ- natural environment, morphometrics might be considered ence and adaptive changes; and their changes from one species as a tool for quantifying the phenotypic variation of an to another reflect the process of natural evolution.When prop- organism. Morphometrics focuses on variation, its parame- erly analyzed, metric-trait variation allows one to read some terization, and relation to extrinsic factors. As long as biological and evolutionary information embedded in the phenotypic variation has environmental and/or genetic morphology [79,81,91]. One of the earliest morphometric causes, morphometrics can help detect local adaptations and studies is illustrative. After a severe storm in February 1898, genetic divergence among populations. Morphometric among the moribund sparrows taken to the laboratory by characters are related to growth and development, and they Bumpus, some survived, others died. Examining a few meas- are usually continuous.Traditionally, they were estimates of urements of their skeleton, Bumpus showed that “the birds distances between anatomical points called landmarks. More which perished, perished not through accident, but because recently, they have come to be the coordinates of these they were physically disqualified,’’ and “the birds which sur- landmarks in a given system of orthogonal axes. We will vived, survived because they possessed certain physical charac- present here some concepts and statistical analyses related to ters’’ [64].Thus, a simple set of measurements was able to illus- the use of these data, insisting on their biological relevance, trate the Darwinian concept of selection for the most fit. with some examples of applications in medical entomology. Morphometrics has this ability to make visible to us many Both traditional and geometric approaches will be present- aspects of the biology of an organism, such as its physiology,its ed. Special attention is given to applications involving pathology, and its phenotypic or genetic evolution. Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), the vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America (see chapter in this book) 25.1.2 Tradition and Modernity and Phlebotominae, the vectors of leishmaniasis. Finally, The virtues of traditional morphometrics are today improved some information will be given about morphometric by the introduction of geometric techniques [83]. software. Morphometrics is often presented as “traditional,’’ making Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases: Modern Methodologies, by M.Tibayrenc Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 435 436 ◆ ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES: MODERN METHODOLOGIES individuals or populations. Shape can also be studied by other direct techniques exploring outlines, textures, surface pat- terning, or even internal configuration of a form:These tech- niques will not be discussed in this chapter. In spite of these advantages and the attractiveness of modern morphometrics, it has yet to gain popularity in medical entomology, where traditions may be hard to move. 25.2 CAUSES OF METRIC VARIATION? Fig. 25.1. Distances between anatomical landmarks (left) are advan- Morphometric variation is under the influence of physio- tageously replaced by coordinates of these landmarks in a given sys- logical (or pathological) status, adaptive changes, and genet- tem of orthogonal axes (right). ic differences. Whereas different molecular markers applied to an insect will be differently affected by the environ- ment—and some could be completely neutral—the metric use of limited sets of measurements, or “modern’’ (or “geo- characters are generally supposed to be of both environ- metric’’), making use of total geometric information (see mental and genetic origin.The drawback is that there is no Figs. 25.1 and 25.2). This difference, which derives mainly magic science to make the correct partition between these from the kind of metric data (distances versus coordinates), ultimate causes of metric variation:The genetic make-up of has generated a “revolution’’ [3,83]. Improvements or novel- a population or/and its environment.The cause of morpho- ties exist indeed at various levels, the most important one metric variation cannot be found in the metric variation being the direct description of shape itself.After some math- itself, it has to be searched by other methods and may ematical processing, the geometric figures represented by the become the object of an inquiry, itself. It is, however, possi- landmarks are compared as different point sets between ble to obtain from the data some helpful insight. As a first step to remove heterogeneous environmental influences and focus more on genetic differences, one could rear a complete generation of various samples under the same laboratory conditions [16,19]. It is however important to take into account possible genetic drift effects (number of founders) or even microenvironmental influences within laboratory conditions.A more speculative approach to tentatively parti- tion causes of metric variation is the separate analysis of size and shape, based on the idea that shape would have less envi- ronmental variance [32]. If the main interest is to focus on environmentally induced changes, the study of fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral characters is an elegant, but challeng- ing, approach (see Fig. 25.12). Adapted methodology (the study of bilateral structures) and accurate statistical tech- niques exist to reveal these environmentally induced changes [74], which are now applied to geometric morphometrics [55,66,89]. Fig. 25.2. Screenshot of a landmark collection session under the 25.2.1 Physiological Causes COO program (http://www.mpl.ird.fr/morphometrics). Top left The main cause of metric differences related to physiology is window figures a small database gathering relevant informations. obviously differential growth, when this growth heterogene- Yellow dots on the insect are the landmarks of the wing, labeled in ity is of environmental origin. Depending on more or less the order of collection. The bug is an undissected, dry pinned favorable environmental conditions, and on aging in verte- Rhodnius prolixus. It is a South and Central American species of the brates, individuals may be more or less developed. For con- subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). After Tr iatoma specific individuals, traditional morphometrics proposes a set infestans (see Fig. 25.12), it is the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.The collection of landmarks is of statistical methods to remove this effect of age or growth performed on a digital picture, using the “mouse-clic’’ with a dedi- from their metric variation. Scaling for size is interesting cated program (here COO,see http://www.mpl.ird.fr/morphomet- when one wants to remove the effects of physiological dif- rics; a more versatile and frequently used program is TPSdig, see ferences and concentrate on other causes of intraspecific vari- http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/). ation. In that case, the size estimator—the one that’s effect CHAPTER 25 CONTRIBUTIONS OF MORPHOMETRICS TO MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY ◆ 437 will be removed from the metric variation—should be con- regarded as an analytical process increasing our capacity to structed from the dimensions of the anatomical structure interpret metric variation. under study, not from an external indicator (weight, etc.).An external indicator of size is acceptable when the objective is 25.2.4 Genetic Causes to study the meaning of size variation itself. A complete Interspecific metric differences most probably have a genetic review of these methods for traditional morphometrics may origin.The nature of these genetic differences is not within be found in Ref. [54]. the scope of this introduction, but their effects on metric traits deserve some discussion here.Although there is no spe- 25.2.2 Pathological Causes cial metric feature marking the difference between species, Some mutation or toxin may affect the morphogenesis of this topic is influenced by common ideas found in the liter- some individuals. Morphometrics is not always required to ature, not completely true and not completely false. detect such changes, as they generally produce obvious, vis- ible deformations. Many times, pathological causes produce 25.2.4.1 The amount of differences The level of inter- extreme individuals (“outliers’’).They may be removed from specific differences is generally (much) higher than the cor- the dataset or included provided more robust statistical tech- responding intraspecific variation, even across geographic niques
Load more

Recommended publications
  • When Hiking Through Latin America, Be Alert to Chagas' Disease
    When Hiking Through Latin America, Be Alert to Chagas’ Disease Geographical distribution of main vectors, including risk areas in the southern United States of America INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION 2012 EDITION FOR MEDICAL ASSISTANCE For updates go to www.iamat.org TO TRAVELLERS IAMAT [email protected] www.iamat.org @IAMAT_Travel IAMATHealth When Hiking Through Latin America, Be Alert To Chagas’ Disease COURTESY ENDS IN DEATH segment upwards, releases a stylet with fine teeth from the proboscis and Valle de los Naranjos, Venezuela. It is late afternoon, the sun is sinking perforates the skin. A second stylet, smooth and hollow, taps a blood behind the mountains, bringing the first shadows of evening. Down in the vessel. This feeding process lasts at least twenty minutes during which the valley a campesino is still tilling the soil, and the stillness of the vinchuca ingests many times its own weight in blood. approaching night is broken only by a light plane, a crop duster, which During the feeding, defecation occurs contaminating the bite wound periodically flies overhead and disappears further down the valley. with feces which contain parasites that the vinchuca ingested during a Bertoldo, the pilot, is on his final dusting run of the day when suddenly previous bite on an infected human or animal. The irritation of the bite the engine dies. The world flashes before his eyes as he fights to clear the causes the sleeping victim to rub the site with his or her fingers, thus last row of palms. The old duster rears up, just clipping the last trees as it facilitating the introduction of the organisms into the bloodstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Ecology of Lutzomyia Longipalpis and Lutzomyia Migonei
    Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ISSN: 0103-846X [email protected] Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Brasil Albuquerque Silva, Rafaella; Kassio Moura Santos, Fabricio; Caranha de Sousa, Lindemberg; Ferreira Rangel, Elizabeth; Leal Bevilaqua, Claudia Maria Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, vol. 23, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2014, pp. 320-327 Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Jaboticabal, Brasil Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=397841493005 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Original Article Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol., Jaboticabal, v. 23, n. 3, p. 320-327, jul.-set. 2014 ISSN 0103-846X (Print) / ISSN 1984-2961 (Electronic) Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612014068 Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis Ecologia de Lutzomyia longipalpis e Lutzomyia migonei em uma área endêmica para Leishmaniose Visceral Rafaella Albuquerque Silva1,2; Fabricio Kassio Moura Santos1; Lindemberg Caranha de Sousa1; Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel3; Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua2* 1Núcleo de Controle de Vetores, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil 2Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil 3Laboratório de Transmissores das Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil Received March 26, 2014 Accepted May 22, 2014 Abstract The main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Lutzomyia Longipalpis (Diptera
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/261297; this version posted February 7, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Prediction of the secundary structure at the tRNASer (UCN) of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) Richard Hoyos-Lopez _____________________ Grupo de Investigación en Resistencia Bacteriana y Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia. Abstract. Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in America and Colombia. Taxonomically belongs to the subgenus Lutzomyia, which includes other vector species that exhibit high morphological similarity to the female species difficult to identify vectors in leishmaniasis foci and suggesting the search for molecular markers that facilitate this task, further researchs with mitochondrial genes, chromosome banding, reproductive isolation and pheromones evidence the existence of species complex. The aim of this study was to predict the secondary structure of mitochondrial transfer RNA serine (tRNASer) for UCN codon of Lutzomyia longipalpis as molecular marker for identify of this species. Sequences recorded in Genbank of L. longipalpis sequences were aligned with tRNA's from previously described species and then tRNASer secondary structure was inferred by software tRNAscan-SE 1.21. The length of tRNASer was 67 base pairs (bp). Two haplotypes were detected in the five sequences analyzed. The L. longipalpis tRNASer showed 7 intrachain pairing in the acceptor arm, 3 in the DHU arm, 4 in the anticodon arm and 5 in the TψC.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 675: 1–25A new (2017) species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.675.12024 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) João Aristeu da Rosa1, Hernany Henrique Garcia Justino2, Juliana Damieli Nascimento3, Vagner José Mendonça4, Claudia Solano Rocha1, Danila Blanco de Carvalho1, Rossana Falcone1, Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira5, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi5, Jader de Oliveira1 1 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil 2 Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Paulínia, SP, Brasil 3 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil 4 Departa- mento de Parasitologia e Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brasil 5 Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil Corresponding author: João Aristeu da Rosa ([email protected]) Academic editor: G. Zhang | Received 31 January 2017 | Accepted 30 March 2017 | Published 18 May 2017 http://zoobank.org/73FB6D53-47AC-4FF7-A345-3C19BFF86868 Citation: Rosa JA, Justino HHG, Nascimento JD, Mendonça VJ, Rocha CS, Carvalho DB, Falcone R, Azeredo- Oliveira MTV, Alevi KCC, Oliveira J (2017) A new species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). ZooKeys 675: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12024 Abstract A colony was formed from eggs of a Rhodnius sp. female collected in Taquarussu, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and its specimens were used to describe R.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Triatoma Huehuetenanguensis Sp. N., a Potential Chagas Disease Vector (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 820:Description 51–70 (2019) of Triatoma huehuetenanguensis sp. n., a potential Chagas disease vector 51 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.820.27258 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Description of Triatoma huehuetenanguensis sp. n., a potential Chagas disease vector (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) Raquel Asunción Lima-Cordón1, María Carlota Monroy2, Lori Stevens1, Antonieta Rodas2, Gabriela Anaité Rodas2, Patricia L. Dorn3, Silvia A. Justi1,4,5 1 Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 2 The Applied Entomology and Parasitology Laboratory at Biology School, Pharmacy Faculty, San Carlos University of Guatemala, Guatemala 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 4 Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Maryland, USA 5 Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA Corresponding author: Raquel Asunción Lima-Cordón ([email protected]) Academic editor: G. Zhang | Received 6 June 2018 | Accepted 4 November 2018 | Published 28 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/14B0ECA0-1261-409D-B0AA-3009682C4471 Citation: Lima-Cordón RA, Monroy MC, Stevens L, Rodas A, Rodas GA, Dorn PL, Justi SA (2019) Description of Triatoma huehuetenanguensis sp. n., a potential Chagas disease vector (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). ZooKeys 820: 51–70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.820.27258 Abstract A new species of the genus Triatoma Laporte, 1832 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) is described based on speci- mens collected in the department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Triatoma huehuetenanguensis sp. n. is closely related to T. dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), with the following main morphological differences: lighter color; smaller overall size, including head length; and width and length of the pronotum.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Diversification of Panstrongylus Geniculatus (Reduviidae
    Spatial diversification of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Colombia Investigadora principal Valentina Caicedo Garzón Investigadores asociados Juan David Ramírez González Camilo Salazar Clavijo Fabian Camilo Salgado Roa Melissa Sánchez Herrera Carolina Hernández Castro Luisa María Arias Giraldo Lineth García Gustavo Vallejo Omar Cantillo Catalina Tovar Joao Aristeu da Rosa Hernán Carrasco Spatial diversification of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Colombia Estudiante: Valentina Caicedo Garzón Directores de tesis: Juan David Ramírez González Camilo Salazar Clavijo Asesores análisis de datos: Fabian Camilo Salgado Roa Melissa Sánchez Herrera Asesor metodológico: Carolina Hernández Castro Luisa María Arias Giraldo Proveedores muestras: Lineth García Gustavo Vallejo Omar Cantillo Catalina Tovar Joao Aristeu da Rosa Hernán Carrasco Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Universidad del Rosario Bogotá D.C., 2019 Keywords – Panstrongylus geniculatus, dispersal, genetic diversification, Triatominae, Chagas Disease Abstract Background Triatomines are responsible for the most common mode of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Although, Triatoma and Rhodnius are the vector genera most studied, other triatomines such as Panstrongylus can also contribute to T. cruzi transmission creating new epidemiological scenarios that involve domiciliation. Panstrongylus has at least twelve reported species but there is limited information about their intraspecific diversity and patterns of diversification. Here, we began to fill this gap, studying intraspecific variation in Colombian populations of P. geniculatus. Methodology/Principal finding We examined the pattern of diversification as well as the genetic diversity of P. geniculatus in Colombia using mitochondrial and ribosomal data. We calculated genetic summary statistics within and among P. geniculatus populations. We also estimated genetic divergence of this species from other species in the genus (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol.VII - Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A. Malo TROPICAL INSECT CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Edi A. Malo Departamento de Entomología Tropical, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, C.P. 30700. México. Keywords: Insects, Semiochemicals, Pheromones, Kairomones, Monitoring, Mass Trapping, Mating Disrupting. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Semiochemicals 2.1. Use of Semiochemicals 3. Pheromones 3.1. Lepidoptera Pheromones 3.2. Coleoptera Pheromones 3.3. Diptera Pheromones 3.4. Pheromones of Insects of Medical Importance 4. Kairomones 4.1. Coleoptera Kairomones 4.2. Diptera Kairomones 5. Synthesis 6. Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary In this chapter we describe the current state of tropical insect chemical ecology in Latin America with the aim of stimulating the use of this important tool for future generations of technicians and professionals workers in insect pest management. Sex pheromones of tropical insectsUNESCO that have been identified to– date EOLSS are mainly used for detection and population monitoring. Another strategy termed mating disruption, has been used in the control of the tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella, and the Guatemalan potato moth, Tecia solanivora. Research into other semiochemicals such as kairomones in tropical insects SAMPLErevealed evidence of their presence CHAPTERS in coleopterans. However, additional studies are necessary in order to confirm these laboratory results. In fruit flies, the isolation of potential attractants (kairomone) from Spondias mombin for Anastrepha obliqua was reported recently. The use of semiochemicals to control insect pests is advantageous in that it is safe for humans and the environment. The extensive use of these kinds of technologies could be very important in reducing the use of pesticides with the consequent reduction in the level of contamination caused by these products around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Vectors of Chagas Disease, and Implications for Human Health1
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 0019 Autor(en)/Author(s): Jurberg Jose, Galvao Cleber Artikel/Article: Biology, ecology, and systematics of Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease, and implications for human health 1095-1116 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Biology, ecology, and systematics of Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease, and implications for human health1 J. JURBERG & C. GALVÃO Abstract: The members of the subfamily Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) are vectors of Try- panosoma cruzi (CHAGAS 1909), the causative agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis. As important vectors, triatomine bugs have attracted ongoing attention, and, thus, various aspects of their systematics, biology, ecology, biogeography, and evolution have been studied for decades. In the present paper the authors summarize the current knowledge on the biology, ecology, and systematics of these vectors and discuss the implications for human health. Key words: Chagas disease, Hemiptera, Triatominae, Trypanosoma cruzi, vectors. Historical background (DARWIN 1871; LENT & WYGODZINSKY 1979). The first triatomine bug species was de- scribed scientifically by Carl DE GEER American trypanosomiasis or Chagas (1773), (Fig. 1), but according to LENT & disease was discovered in 1909 under curi- WYGODZINSKY (1979), the first report on as- ous circumstances. In 1907, the Brazilian pects and habits dated back to 1590, by physician Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano das Reginaldo de Lizárraga. While travelling to Chagas (1879-1934) was sent by Oswaldo inspect convents in Peru and Chile, this Cruz to Lassance, a small village in the state priest noticed the presence of large of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to conduct an anti- hematophagous insects that attacked at malaria campaign in the region where a rail- night.
    [Show full text]
  • Ontogenetic Morphometrics in Psammolestes Arthuri
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(1): 369-373 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Ontogenetic morphometrics in Psammolestes JEZS 2016; 4(1): 369-373 © 2016 JEZS arthuri (Pinto 1926) (Reduviidae, Triatominae) Received: 22-11-2015 from Venezuela Accepted: 24-11-2015 Lisseth Goncalves Departamento de Biología, Lisseth Goncalves, Jonathan Liria, Ana Soto-Vivas Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología, Abstract Universidad de Carabobo, Psammolestes arthuri is a secondary Chagas disease vector associated with bird nests in the peridomicile. Valencia, Venezuela. We studied the head architecture to describe the size changes and conformation variation in the P. arthuri Jonathan Liria instars. Were collected and reared 256 specimens associated with Campylohynochus nucalys nests in Universidad Regional Guarico state, Venezuela. We photographed and digitized ten landmarks coordinate (x, y) on the dorsal Amazónica IKIAM, km 7 vía head surface; then the configurations were aligned by Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Canonical Muyuna, Napo, Ecuador. Variates Analysis (CVA) was implemented with proportions of re-classified groups (=instars) and MANOVA. Statistical analysis of variance found significant differences in centroid size (Kruskal- Ana Soto-Vivas Wallis). We found gradual differences between the 1st instar to 5th and a size reduction in the adults; the Centro de Estudios CVA showed significant separation, and a posteriori re-classification was 50-78% correctly assigned. Enfermedades Endémicas y The main differences could be associated with two factors: one related to the sampling protocol, and Salud Ambiental, Servicio another to the insect morphology and development. Autónomo Instituto de Altos Estudios “Doctor Arnoldo Keywords: Instars, conformation, Rhodniini, centroid size, Venezuela Gabaldón”, Maracay, Venezuela.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Panstrongylus from French Guiana (Heteroptera; Reduviidae; Triatominae) Jean-Michel Bérenger, Denis Blanchet*
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 102(6): 733-736, September 2007 733 A new species of the genus Panstrongylus from French Guiana (Heteroptera; Reduviidae; Triatominae) Jean-Michel Bérenger, Denis Blanchet* Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Département d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IMTSSA, BP 46 Le Pharo, F – 13998 Marseille- Armées, France *Service hospitalier universitaire de parasitologie et mycologie, Equipe EA 3593, C. H. de Cayenne, Cayenne Cedex, Guyane française Panstrongylus mitarakaensis n. sp. is described from French Guiana. Morphological characters are provided. This small species, less robust than other Panstrongylus species, shows a pronotum shape similar to species of the “P. lignarius complex”. However, others characters such as the postocular part of head, the obsolete tu- bercle on the anterior lobe of pronotum, and the lateral process on the antenniferous tubercle distinguish it from the species in that complex. The taxonomic key of the genus Panstrongylus is actualized. Keys words: Triatominae - Panstrongylus mitarakaensis n. sp. - French Guiana The genus Panstrongylus comprises 13 species dis- Material examined: male holotype: French Guiana, tributed from Argentina to Nicaragua (Lent & location boundary stone 1, 02°12’505"N, 54°26’315W, Wygodzinsky 1979, Jurberg et al. 2001, Marcilla et al. 20.IX.2006, Light trap, JP Champenois leg (in Depart- 2002, Galvão et al. 2003, Jurberg & Galvão 2006). The ment of Hemiptera, Museum national d’Histoire na- 14th species of the genus, which we describe in the fol- turelle, Paris, France). All measures are in mm. lowing, was collected by JP Champenois (entomologist) Panstrongylus mitarakaensis, n. sp. during an expedition to the border of French Guiana with Brazil at the top of a granite outcrop where the boundary Description of the male (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetics of Major Insect Vectors Patricia L
    15 Genetics of Major Insect Vectors Patricia L. Dorn1,*, Franc¸ois Noireau2, Elliot S. Krafsur3, Gregory C. Lanzaro4 and Anthony J. Cornel5 1Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2IRD, Montpellier, France, 3Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA, 4University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 5University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA and Mosquito Control Research Lab, Parlier, CA, USA 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Significance and Control of Vector-Borne Disease Vector-borne diseases are responsible for a substantial portion of the global disease burden causing B1.4 million deaths annually (Campbell-Lendrum et al., 2005; Figure 15.1) and 17% of the entire disease burden caused by parasitic and infectious diseases (Townson et al., 2005). Control of insect vectors is often the best, and some- times the only, way to protect the population from these destructive diseases. Vector control is a moving target with globalization and demographic changes causing changes in infection patterns (e.g., rapid spread, urbanization, appearance in nonen- demic countries); and the current unprecedented degradation of the global environment is affecting rates and patterns of vector-borne disease in still largely unknown ways. 15.1.2 Contributions of Genetic Studies of Vectors to Understanding Disease Epidemiology and Effective Disease Control Methods Studies of vector genetics have much to contribute to understanding vector-borne disease epidemiology and to designing successful control methods. Geneticists have performed phylogenetic analyses of major species; have identified new spe- cies, subspecies, cryptic species, and introduced vectors; and have determined which taxa are epidemiologically important. Cytogeneticists have shown that the evolution of chromosome structure is important in insect vector speciation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fat Body of the Hematophagous Insect, Panstrongylus Megistus
    Journal of Insect Science, (2019) 19(4): 16; 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iez078 Research The Fat Body of the Hematophagous Insect, Panstrongylus megistus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Histological Features and Participation of the β-Chain of ATP Synthase in the Lipophorin-Mediated Lipid Transfer Leonardo L. Fruttero,1,2 Jimena Leyria,1,2 Natalia R. Moyetta,1,2 Fabian O. Ramos,1,2 Beatriz P. Settembrini,3 and Lilián E. Canavoso1,2,4 1Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba CP 5000, Argentina, 2Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina,3 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, and 4Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Bill Bendena Received 13 May 2019; Editorial decision 5 July 2019 Abstract In insects, lipid transfer to the tissues is mediated by lipophorin, the major circulating lipoprotein, mainly through a nonendocytic pathway involving docking receptors. Currently, the role of such receptors in lipid metabolism remains poorly understood. In this work, we performed a histological characterization of the fat body of the Chagas’ disease vector, Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister), subjected to different nutritional conditions. In addition, we addressed the role of the β-chain of ATP synthase (β-ATPase) in the process of lipid transfer from lipophorin to the fat body. Fifth-instar nymphs in either fasting or fed condition were employed in the assays. Histological examination revealed that the fat body was composed by diverse trophocyte phenotypes.
    [Show full text]