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Fulgencio Batista (1901- 1973): Cuba a Través Del Personaje

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Fulgencio Batista (1901- 1973): Cuba a Través Del Personaje TESE DE DOUTORAMENTO FULGENCIO BATISTA (1901- 1973): CUBA A TRAVÉS DEL PERSONAJE Andrea Alcántara Janeiro ESCOLA DE DOUTORAMENTO INTERNACIONAL PROGRAMA DE DOUTORAMENTO EN HISTORIA CONTEMPORÁNEA SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA 2019 2 DECLARACIÓN DO AUTOR/A DA TESE Fulgencio Batista (1901-1973): Cuba a través del personaje D./Dna. Andrea Alcántara Janeiro Presento a miña tese, seguindo o procedemento axeitado ao Regulamento, e declaro que: 1) A tese abarca os resultados da elaboración do meu traballo. 2) De selo caso, na tese faise referencia ás colaboracións que tivo este traballo. 3) A tese é a versión definitiva presentada para a súa defensa e coincide coa versión enviada en formato electrónico. 4) Confirmo que a tese non incorre en ningún tipo de plaxio doutros autores nin de traballos presentados por min para a obtención doutros títulos. En Santiago de Compostela, 30 de septiembre de 2019 Asdo. A. Alcántara Janeiro 4 AUTORIZACIÓN DO DIRECTOR / TITOR DA TESE Fulgencio Batista (1901-1973): Cuba a través del personaje D./Dna. Mª del Pilar Cagiao Vila INFORMA/N: Que a presente tese, correspóndese co traballo realizado por Dna. Andrea Alcántara Janeiro, baixo a miña dirección, e autorizo a súa presentación, considerando que reúne os requisitos esixidos no Regulamento de Estudos de Doutoramento da USC, e que como director desta non incorre nas causas de abstención establecidas na Lei 40/2015. En Santiago de Compostela, 30 de septiembre de 2019 Asdo. Mª del Pilar Cagiao Vila La fuerza del poder consiste entonces, pensé, en cazar el azar; re- tenerlo atrapado. Augusto Roa Bastos, Yo el Supremo. 8 AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, como no puede ser de otra forma, quisiera mostrar mi más profundo agradecimiento a la directora de esta tesis, Dña. Pilar Cagiao Vila. Gracias a sus indicaciones, correcciones, confianza y buen ánimo ha sido posible sacar adelante este trabajo. Recuerdo las primeras clases del Historia de América durante mi último curso de la carrera y el impacto que produjo en mí entrar en contacto con una parte de la historia completamente distinta a todo lo que hasta entonces habíamos visto en la facultad. Gracias a Pilar, ese curso descubrí que estudiar para los exámenes de Historia de América y preparar la asignatura, lejos de ser una obligación, se había convertido en la más agradable de las tareas. Cursando el máster de Historia Contemporánea fue donde me decidí por Cuba y por Batista, sin poder imaginar de ninguna manera que algún día ese mismo interés me llevaría a presentar hoy una tesis doctoral. Pilar dirigió también mi Trabajo de Fin de Máster y no dudó en brindarme su apoyo para convertir aquel primer acercamiento a Batista y a los años republicanos de Cuba en una tesis. Desde entonces, Pilar me ha mostrado su confianza en otras ocasiones, contando conmigo para formar parte del grupo de investigación HistAmérica, animándome a asistir a congresos y, sobre todo, brindándome la posibilidad de viajar a Cuba, Nottingham y Miami, algo con lo que no podía ni soñar aquel primer día de clase en el año 2011. Me alegra poder decir que de esta relación académica ha surgido otra de amistad. En definitiva, gracias, Pilar, por creer en mí, incluso cuando ni yo misma era capaz de hacerlo. Quisiera dedicar el mismo agradecimiento el profesor Eduardo Rey Tristán, quien me ha ayudado siempre en esta empresa. Su atención y colaboración han sido una constante todo este tiempo, empezando por aquellos papeles del AGA (Archivo General de la Administración) y AMAE (Archivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores) (aportados por su alumno Miguel Muñoz, a quien extiendo este agradecimiento), que me sugirió consultar para mi Trabajo de Fin de Máster hace ya varios años. Su plena implicación me ha permitido participar en congresos, publicar y realizar las estancias necesarias para llevar a cabo esta investigación. Gracias, Eduardo, por aquellas clases del máster sobre movimientos revolucionarios en América Latina que contribuyeron a acercarme a la temática que hoy ocupa esta tesis; por tu interés en mi progresión; por tu ayuda y plena disposición, tu amistad y tu trato tan amable. Igualmente, me gustaría dar las gracias más inmensas del mundo a Patricia Calvo, la cual ha estado ahí cada vez que una duda de cualquier índole (véase metodológica, formal, de estilo, temática, administrativa y un largo etcétera) sobre esta tesis acechaba mi mente. Poder recurrir a ella, ya no como compañera, sino como amiga, ha significado mucho a lo largo de este proceso. Ella ya lo sabe. Mi agradecimiento a mi "compi" Javier Colodrón, con quien viajé a La Habana 2014, lugar en el que vivimos toda clase de anécdotas para el recuerdo. Aquella estancia, y toda este camino que iniciamos juntos, no hubiese sido lo mismo sin su compañía. Igualmente, gracias a todos los compañeros de HistAmérica, Guille, Eudald, José Manuel, Philip, Ruxandra, Valeria, Lisandro, Xurxo y Jonathan, por contribuir también a mi crecimiento como investigadora. También quisiera agradecer su apoyo a mis colegas americanistas de la Universidad de Barcelona, Eva, Iñaki y David, por su entusiasmo y aliento. Fuera del ámbito americanista, de ninguna manera puedo pasar por alto la indispensable ayuda que han representado mis compañeros y amigos de facultad en este proceso. A Conchi, por poder compartir con ella los gozos y las sombras de ser 9 doctoranda. Sus ánimos y ayuda han sido una constante. Desde cuestiones metodológicas, hasta darme su opinión acerca de mi estilo de redacción, ha sido capaz de aconsejarme y animarme siempre, posibilitando la consecución de este trabajo. Gracias, Conchi, por tu tiempo, por la risa y por tu disposición a ayudarme siempre y en todo lo posible. A Lu, por interesarse siempre en mis avances, su dominio de los archivos eclesiásticos y dedicar una de sus pocas tardes en Lugo a examinar conmigo el Catastro de Ensenada. A Julio, por sus imprescindibles conocimientos en el ámbito militar, que tanta falta me hicieron en esta investigación. A Uxía, gracias a la cual pude organizar mi estancia en Miami de la forma más cómoda y rápida posible; a Adrián, por su interés y por resolverme todas las dudas sobre sociología que fueron surgiendo en esta investigación; y a mi Maga, por compartir conmigo algunos de los años de doctorado en Santiago, hacerme la vida tan fácil durante los mismos, y conseguir que me evadiese de esto comentando juntas frivolidades. Indudablemente, no podría pasar por alto a las personas que durante mi estancia en La Habana contribuyeron a hacer posible esta tesis. En primer lugar, gracias al Dr. Sergio Guerra, por comprometerse a ayudarme desde el principio, indicándome la serie de instituciones que allí debía visitar y por ponerme en contacto con las personas más especializadas en mi objeto de estudio. A Dr. Servando Valdés, por sus conocimientos sobre el Ejército Constitucional, por favorecer en todo lo posible mi trabajo en el Instituto de Historia de Cuba y facilitarme los documentos que necesitaba. Extiendo este agradecimiento a todo el personal del Instituto de Historia, por su amabilidad y atenciones. A Dr. Newton Briones por las charlas en su casa, en las que pude resolver muchas de mis dudas. A la Dra. Rosa García Chediak y su padre, D. Julio García, quien lamentablemente hoy ya no se encuentra entre nosotros, por su calurosa acogida, preocuparse de que mi estancia fuese lo más fructífera posible, concederme una interesantísima entrevista y abrirme las puertas de su casa. A Dr. Eduardo Torres- Cuevas, por permitirme el acceso a todo el material que necesitaba de la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí y compartir conmigo sus impresiones sobre mi investigación. A D. Guillermo Jiménez, al Dr. Jorge Ibarra y a D. Manuel Graña Eiriz, por su amigable colaboración y por su implicación. Y un especial recuerdo a la Dra. Nydia Sarabia y al Dr. Mario Mencia, quienes lamentablemente fallecieron antes de que esta tesis llegase a término. Del mismo modo, mi agradecimiento a las personas de Miami que hicieron posible esta tesis. Como no podía ser de otro modo, mi primer recuerdo es para Dania Vázquez, sin la cual nada hubiese sido posible. Su implicación y ayuda fueron totales, incluso antes de viajar a los Estados Unidos. Ella se ocupó de todo lo referente a mi estancia. Desde ponerme en contacto con las personas necesarias, hasta de buscarme planes los fines de semana. Gracias, Dania, por hacer que durante mis semanas en Miami no tuviese que preocuparme de otra cosa que no fuese trabajar, por tus visitas en los descansos, tu alegría contagiosa y ocuparte de mí como si fuese una hija. Por supuesto, dedico mi más sincero agradecimiento a la Fundación FBZ, por permitir que investigadores interesados en Batista podamos acceder a un material documental tan valioso; y a la Cuban Heritage Collection, y a todo su personal, por hacer que mi trabajo allí fuese lo más agradable de mi estancia. Reservo una especial dedicatoria a Amanda, por su absoluta eficacia, facilitarme en todo lo posible el trabajo y solucionarme cada una de mis dudas con una premura increíble; a Stefanie, por su trato amabilísimo y su eficiencia; y a mi amiga Rachel, por nuestras conversaciones y risas, con las que conseguía que por un momento me olvidase de la tesis; y por invitarme a pasar junto a su familia un domingo memorable en su Iglesia. También a Aurora, por acompañarme en 10 el día a día y descubrirme la ciudad. En cuanto a mi breve estancia en Nottingham, mi especial agradecimiento al Dr. Antoni Kapcia por sus atenciones, su ayuda y por presentarme la Hennessy Collection. Igualmente, muestro mi especial gratitud al personal de los Archivos Diocesanos de Lugo y de Mondoñedo-Ferrol, y al del Archivo Municipal del Concello de Ribadeo por su excelente trato; a Teresa García Domínguez, del Arquivo da Migración Galega, por las múltiples facilidades que me proporcionó; a Prudencio Viveiro, por aportar sus conocimientos sobre migración gallega en Cuba; a Carlos Cortés, de La Voz de Galicia, por la inestimable ayuda que me brindó, poniéndome en contacto con Dña.
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