22 May 2018 SUBJECT: Proposed Amendments to Section 8.3 Off-Street Parking and Loading of the Apex UDO

TO: Town of Apex Planning Board FROM: Jenna Shouse, Transportation Planning Intern DATE: 22 May 2018 SUBJECT: Proposed Amendments to Section 8.3 Off-Street Parking and Loading of the Apex UDO

Please find attached proposed amendments to Section 8.3 Parking and Loading of the Town of Apex Unified Development Ordinance (UDO). The purposes of these amendments are to: (1) update the off-street parking and loading requirements to present-day standards; (2) provide clarity and completeness for situations where the UDO is silent or unclear; and (3) prepare for trends in design, technologies, and multi-modal travel. The proposed amendments have been designed to reduce excessive parking, promote the use of alternative modes of transportation, and contribute to vibrant streetscapes. A parking supply that exceeds demand can have significant implications on the natural and built environment, resulting in increased stormwater runoff, heat island effect, loss of habitat, and an unpleasant environment for members of the community. Too little parking can impact economic development, traffic movement, and aesthetics. In addition, parking requirements can affect housing affordability and site design. The proposed amendments address: reduced parking minimums, tiered parking maximums, modern design standards, bicycle parking requirements, parking structure requirements with electric vehicle spaces, shared parking, and on-street parking. Summary of Process While there have been some modifications to Section 8.3 of the UDO since it was first adopted in 2000, there has not been a comprehensive review and update. This effort involved a comprehensive update using Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) parking demand studies, peer city ordinances, site plan analysis, and current parking literature. Each of the requirements has been designed within the context of Apex, focused on existing and future transportation needs. This update has been an ongoing, collaborative process since May 2017. Timeline of Review

 Senior Planners and Planning Manager (December 2017)  Planning Director (February and March 2018)  Police, Traffic Engineer, Parks Planner, and Planning Staff review (March and April 2018)  Development Community (April 2018)  Planning Committee (May 2018)  Planning Board and Town Council (July 2018) Organization of Proposed Amendments Document The Proposed Amendments document, attached, is organized into tables by section of the Apex UDO. Each table has a column for row number, UDO section, existing requirement (if applicable), proposed requirement, reasoning, support, and source. The reasoning and support sections are included to present a case for each of the proposed amendments. A full citation for each source can be found at the end of the document. TO: Town of Apex Planning Board

FROM: Jenna Shouse, Transportation Planning Intern

DATE: 22 May 2018

SUBJECT: Electric Vehicle Parking

The purpose of this memo is to present background information on electric vehicle (EV) charging to inform how EV parking requirements may be addressed in the Apex UDO. Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly common and it is important that the off-street parking requirements reflect existing and future transportation needs.

EV Demand and Supply

As of December 2016, there were 7,075 electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in North Carolina.1 In 2015, North Carolina ranked 12th highest state for the number of EV charging stations.2 In 2016, the US sold over 159,000 electric vehicles, a 38 percent increase over 2015.3

There are currently three known EV charging stations in Apex available for public use. These stations are located in downtown Apex in the public parking lot off Saunders Street.4

EV Charging Station Specifications

There are three types of EV charging stations: Level 1, Level 2, and DC Fast Charging.

 Level 1 charging is plugging in to a standard electrical outlet.  Level 2 charging is 240 volt AC charging, requiring a 40 amp circuit. Level 2 charging equipment is compatible with all electric vehicles and plug-in electric hybrid vehicles. Level 2 chargers have a cord that plugs directly into the vehicle in the same connector location used for Level 1 equipment. Level 2 charging works up to six times faster than Level 1 charging.5  DC Fast Charging stations are designed to charge electric vehicles quickly with an electric output ranging between 50 kW - 120 kW. There are multiple DC Fast Charger connector types including: CHAdeMO, Combined Charging System (CCS), and Tesla Supercharger (Tesla offers an optional CHAdeMO adapter). Currently, there are no plug-in hybrids sold in the US with a DC Fast Charging port.6

The most common connector is the Level 2 J1772 EV plug. All vehicles can use this connector standard in Canada and the US.7

1 “Autos Drive North Carolina Forward,” Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, 2016. 2 “North Carolina Plug-In Electric Vehicle Taskforce: 2015 Annual Report,” www.pluginnc.com, 2015. 3 “Electric Vehicles in North Carolina,” Plug In America, 2017. 4 “Electric Vehicle Charging Stations,” Town of Apex. 5 “Levels of Charging.” EV Town Bloomington – Normal, Illinois, 2015. 6 McDonald, Zach, “A Simple Guide to DC Fast Charging,” FleetCarma, 2016. 7 “Electric Vehicle Charging Guide,” ChargeHub, 2017.

EV Charging Type Power (kW) Connector Approximate Charging Time Level 1 1 Standard wall outlet 8 to 15 hours Level 2 3 to 20, typically 6 Typical EV plug 3 to 8 hours DC Fast Charging Typically 50, occasionally CHAdeMo, CCS, Tesla 20 minutes to 1 hour 20 Supercharger Source: ChargeHub EV Equipment and Installation Costs

There are wide ranges of equipment and installation costs associated with EV charging spaces. The following cost estimates were provided by evChargesolutions.com.

Cost of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment:  Level 2: $2,000  DC Fast Charging (50kW): $25,000 - $35,000 Installation costs:  Level 2: $3,000 - $4,000  DC Fast Charging: $30,000 A large portion of the installation costs for DC Fast Charging spaces is the labor, permitting, and installation of a 480-volt transformer, accounting for roughly two thirds of the final cost.8 EV Parking Requirements found in referenced UDOs and Parking Structure Guidelines

In the research completed for the Parking UDO update, EV parking requirements were found in multiple UDOs and in parking structure guidelines. The Town of Davidson, North Carolina requires one EV charging station in all parking lots greater than 50 spaces. In lots greater than 100 spaces, two EV charging stations are required. In a parking deck, one EV charging station per 100 spaces is required.9

The City of Mountlake Terrace, Washington (population 21,182) requires new and expanded developments that are 10,000 square feet or larger to install electric vehicle charging stations in 1% - 3% of all parking spaces. Multifamily residential developments that are 10,000 square feet or larger are required to install electric charging stations in 10% of all parking spaces.10

Parksmart Certification Program (LEED equivalent for parking structures) requires parking structures to have two or more DC Fast Chargers to receive the maximum number of points for EV charging stations. To receive the minimum number of points for EV charging stations, at least 0.5% of all parking spaces must be equipped for Level 1 charging.11

8 McDonald, Zach, “A Simple Guide to DC Fast Charging,” FleetCarma, 2016. 9 “Davidson Planning Ordinance,” Town of Davidson, 2017. 10 “Ready Set Charge California: A Guide to EV-Ready Communities,” Association of Bay Area Governments, 2011. 11 “Parksmart Planning Worksheet,” Green Business Certification, 2018.

Works Cited

“Accessibility for Public Charging Stations.” North Carolina Plug-In Electric Vehicle Taskforce. 2013. http://www.ncdoi.com/OSFM/Engineering_and_Codes/Documents/Code_Enforcement_Resour ces/Handouts-Specific%20Topics/PEV%20Planning%20Toolbox,%20ADARev_.pdf

“Autos Drive North Carolina Forward.” Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. 2016. https://autoalliance.org/in-your-state/NC/

“Davidson Planning Ordinance,” Town of Davidson, 2017. https://www.ci.davidson.nc.us/DocumentCenter/View/8080

“Electric Vehicle Charging Guide.” ChargeHub. 2017. https://chargehub.com/en/electric-car-charging-guide.html

“Electric Vehicle Charging Stations.” Town of Apex. https://www.apexnc.org/265/Electric-Vehicle-Charging-Stations

“Electric Vehicles in North Carolina.” Plug In America. 2017. https://pluginamerica.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/04/North_Carolina_Electric_Vehicle_Facts heet_May_20171.pdf

“Levels of Charging.” EV Town Bloomington – Normal, Illinois. 2015. http://www.evtown.org/about-ev-town/ev-charging/charging-levels.html

McDonald, Zach, “A Simple Guide to DC Fast Charging,” FleetCarma. 2016. https://www.fleetcarma.com/dc-fast-charging-guide/

North Carolina Plug-In Electric Vehicle Taskforce: 2015 Annual Report.” www.pluginnc.com. 2015, www.pluginnc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/5-2015_Transporation_Report_v5.pdf

“Parksmart Planning Worksheet,” Green Business Certification, 2018. http://parksmart.gbci.org/certification

“Ready Set Charge California: A Guide to EV-Ready Communities,” Association of Bay Area Governments, 2011. http://www.prospectsv.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Ready-Set- Charge-California-EV-Communities-Guide.pdf

STAFF REPORT Amendments to the Unified Development Ordinance July 9, 2018 Planning Board Meeting

Proposed amendments to the Unified Development Ordinance:

Requested by staff and the Planning Committee:

1. Amendments to Sec. 8.2.2 General Landscaping Design Standards, Sec. 8.3 Off-Street Parking and Loading, Sec. 8.4 Community Amenities and Pedestrian Flow, Sec. 8.5 Operational Compatibility Standards, Sec. 8.6 Exterior Lighting, and Sec. 12.2 Terms Defined. The purpose of these amendments is to update the off-street parking and loading requirements to present-day standards; provide clarity and completeness for situations where the UDO is silent or unclear; and to prepare for trends in design, technologies, and multi-modal travel.

8.2.2 General Landscaping Design Standards

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B) Plant Materials

2) Existing Plant Materials

c) Incentives. The following incentives are provided to encourage the preservation of existing vegetation:

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(ii) A 5 to 20 percent reduction in the number of parking spaces required on the site shall be allowed to the extent that the reduction will preserve existing healthy trees. The amount of reduction will be determined by the Planning Director after taking all unique site conditions into account.

8.3.1 Applicability

B) Downtown Exempted

However, within the central business district, there shall be no minimum motor vehicle or bicycle parking requirements in existing platted areas that are, or previously have been, in commercial use.

8.3.2 Off-Street Parking Requirements

A) Off-Street Parking Schedule “A”

Unless otherwise expressly stated in this Code, off-street motor vehicle and bicycle parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with Table 8.3-1.

Table 8.3-1: Off-Street Parking Schedule “A” Minimum Number of Minimum Number of Use Motor Vehicle Spaces Required Bicycle Spaces Required Residential Uses Single-family dwelling 2 per dwelling unit None Townhouse 2 per dwelling unit plus .25 per unit for guest parking None Townhouse, detached 2 per dwelling unit plus .25 per unit for guest parking None Multi-family or apartment 1.5 per dwelling unit with 1-2 bedrooms 6 spaces or 1 space per 30 1.8 per dwelling unit with 3+ bedrooms dwelling units, whichever is greater Cluster Box Unit (CBU) Mailboxes 1 accessible space None (Required space must be signed as “Mailbox Use Only”) Mail Kiosk 2 spaces (1 must be accessible) None (Required spaces must be signed as “Mailbox Use Only”) Congregate Care 1 per dwelling unit None Assisted Living .5 per dwelling unit or bed None All other uses 2 per dwelling unit None Public and Civic Uses Ambulatory healthcare facility 1 per 300 square feet 2 spaces with emergency department Assembly hall, nonprofit 1 per 100 square feet of assembly area 4 spaces Church or place of worship 1 per 4 seats in principal assembly area 4 spaces Day care 1 per 6-person capacity 2 spaces Government services center 1 per 300 square feet, excluding vehicle storage areas 4 spaces Hospital 1 per 2 beds plus 1 per employee 4 spaces or spaces for 1% of employees at planned capacity, whichever is greater School, public or private: 2 per classroom, or 1 per 3 seats in auditorium or principal 1 space for every 40 students Elementary or Junior place of assembly, whichever is greater above 2nd grade and employees at planned capacity This requirement does not apply to schools that do not have a “No Transport Zone” School, public or private: Senior 10 per classroom, or 1 per 3 seats in auditorium or principal 1 space for every 40 students and place of assembly, whichever is greater employees at planned capacity This requirement does not apply to schools that do not have a “No Transport Zone” Veterinary clinic or hospital Schedule B 2 spaces Vocational school Schedule C 2 spaces All other uses Schedule C Schedule C Utilities All uses Schedule C None Recreational Uses Arena, auditorium, or stadium Schedule C 8 spaces Park, active or passive Schedule C 4 spaces or 1 space per 25 motor vehicle spaces, whichever is greater

Minimum Number of Minimum Number of Use Motor Vehicle Spaces Required Bicycle Spaces Required Recreation facility, private Subdivisions with 100 or more dwelling units shall provide: 6 spaces or 1 space per 30 (single-family dwellings or  1 per 300 square feet of clubhouse with interior dwelling units, whichever is townhomes) gathering space greater  1 per 100 square feet of surface area of the pool (water area)  2 per sports amenity (e.g., court, field, playground, park, etc.) Subdivisions with less than 100 dwelling units shall provide:  1 per 300 square feet of clubhouse with interior gathering space  1 per 200 square feet of surface area of the pool (water area)  2 per sports amenity (e.g., court, field, playground, park, etc.) Recreation facility, private No requirement 6 spaces or 1 space per 30 (multi-family or apartment) dwelling units, whichever is greater Shooting range, indoor 1 space per target + 1 space for every 300 square feet of 2 spaces office area Shooting range, outdoor 1 space per target + 1 space for every 300 square feet of 2 spaces office area All other uses Schedule C 2 spaces Commercial Uses Adult establishment 1 per 60 square feet 2 spaces Automotive paint or body shop Schedule B 2 spaces Automotive parts 1 per 200 square feet Automotive service station 5 spaces per each grease rack, wash rack, or service bay 2 spaces Bars and Nightclubs 1 per 50 square feet of floor space devoted to public use 2 spaces Beach bingo 1 per 50 square feet of floor space devoted to public use 2 spaces Bed and breakfast 1 per guest room 2 spaces Barber and beauty shops 3 per chair 2 spaces Book stores 1 per 200 square feet Broadcasting stations 1 per 200 square feet of office or administrative area 2 spaces (radio and television) Building supplies, retail Schedule B 2 spaces Building supplies, wholesale Schedule B 2 spaces Car wash or auto detailing 1 space per 2 onsite employees with a 1 space minimum 2 spaces Contractor’s offices and storage Schedule B 2 spaces yards Convenience store 1 per 200 300 square feet 2 spaces Convenience store with gas sales 1 per 200 300 square feet of convenience store/food sales 2 spaces area, plus 1 per service bay, plus vehicle stacking spaces Day care 1 per 6-person capacity Dispatching office 1 per 300 square feet Dry cleaners and laundry service 1 per 300 square feet Farmers market Schedule B 2 spaces Financial institution 1 per 150 250 square feet 2 spaces Financial institution, with drive- 1 per 150 250 square feet, plus vehicle stacking spaces 2 spaces through service Floral shop 1 per 200 square feet Funeral home 1 per 5 seats in chapel, plus 1 per each hearse, ambulance, 2 spaces or related vehicle Game rooms 1 per 100 square feet 2 spaces Gas and fuel, retail 1 per 200 square feet 1 per employee 2 spaces Gas and fuel, wholesale 2 per 3 employees 2 spaces

Minimum Number of Minimum Number of Use Motor Vehicle Spaces Required Bicycle Spaces Required Glass sales 1 per 200 square feet Greenhouse or nursery, retail 1 per 800 square feet of lot area used for open air sales or 2 spaces display plus additional spaces for retail sales (computed per Schedule B) Greenhouse or nursery, 2 per 3 employees 2 spaces wholesale Grocery, general 1 per 200 250 square feet 6 spaces or 1 space per 10,000 square feet, whichever is greater Grocery, specialty 1 per 200 250 square feet 6 spaces or 1 space per 10,000 square feet, whichever is greater Health/fitness centers and spas 1 per 200 square feet 2 spaces Horse boarding and riding stables 1 per 3 stalls 2 spaces Hotel or motel 3 spaces plus 1 space per guest room 2 spaces Insurance offices 1 per 300 square feet Kennel, indoor 1 per 300 square feet Kennel, outdoor Schedule B 2 spaces Laundromat 1 per 3 washing machines 2 spaces Laundry plants 1 per 300 square feet Medical office or dental clinic or 1 per 200 square feet of gross floor space 2 spaces or 1 space per 20,000 offices square feet, whichever is greater Medical or dental laboratory 1 per 200 square feet 2 spaces Monument sales, retail Schedule B 2 spaces Newsstand or gift shop 1 per 200 square feet Office, business or professional 1 per 300 square feet 4 spaces or 1 space per 8,000 square feet, whichever is greater Office: Coworking Space Schedule C 4 spaces or 1 space per 8,000 square feet, whichever is greater Office: Call Center Schedule C 4 spaces or 1 space per 8,000 square feet, whichever is greater Parking garage, commercial None 2 spaces Parking lot, commercial None 2 spaces Pawn shop 1 per 300 square feet Personal services 1 per 300 square feet Pet services 1 per 300 square feet Pharmacy 1 per 200 400 square feet 2 spaces Pilot plants Schedule C 2 spaces Printing and copying services 1 per 300 square feet Publishing office 1 per 300 square feet Radio, television and recording 2 per 3 employees plus 1 per 4 seats in studio with greatest 2 spaces studios seating capacity Real estate sales 1 per 300 square feet Repair and maintenance, general Schedule B 2 spaces Repair services, limited Schedule B 2 spaces Restaurant, drive-through 1 per 50 square feet of floor space devoted to public use, 2 spaces or 1 space per 50 motor plus vehicle stacking spaces vehicle parking spaces, whichever is greater Restaurant, general 1 per 50 square feet of floor space devoted to public use 2 spaces or 1 space per 50 motor vehicle parking spaces, whichever is greater Research facilities Schedule B 2 spaces Retail sales, bulky goods Schedule B 2 spaces Retail sales, general 1 per 300 square feet 4 spaces or 1 space per 10,000 square feet, whichever is greater Self-service storage 1 per 2 employees 2 spaces Studios for arts 1 per working artist 2 spaces Tailor shops 1 per 200 square feet

Minimum Number of Minimum Number of Use Motor Vehicle Spaces Required Bicycle Spaces Required Tattoo parlor and body piercing 1 per 300 square feet Theaters 1 per 5 seats 4 spaces Towing service Schedule B 2 spaces Towing storage Schedule B 2 spaces Truck terminals Schedule B 2 spaces Upholstery shop 1 per 200 square feet Vehicle inspection center 1 per service bay plus 1 per 2 employees 2 spaces Vehicle sales and rental, heavy 2 spaces plus 1 per 800 square feet of floor area over 1600 2 spaces square feet Vehicle sales and rental, light 2 spaces plus 1 per 800 square feet of floor area over 1600 2 spaces square feet Veterinary clinic or hospital Schedule B Vocational school Schedule C Wholesaling, general Schedule B 2 spaces All other uses 1 per 300 2 spaces Industrial Uses All uses Schedule B 2 spaces Agricultural Uses All uses Schedule C None

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E) Maximum Number of Spaces Allowed

The minimum parking requirements shall not be exceeded by more than 25% for uses that require up to 100 spaces or 15% for uses that require more than 100 spaces. The maximum number of spaces shall only be exceeded according to the standards below.

1) Parking Analysis Requirements

A parking analysis shall be submitted for review and approval by the Planning Director. Such analysis shall include estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), or other acceptable estimates as approved by the Planning Director, and should include other reliable data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same as or comparable with the proposed use. Comparability will be determined by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location. Any additional parking that is proposed to be redeveloped in the future with a use other than parking shall be labeled in the parking analysis. The study shall document the source of data used to develop the recommendations.

2) Tree Planting

If approval is granted by the Planning Director to exceed the maximum parking requirement, then at least one (1) large tree type shall be planted for every 10 parking spaces above the maximum requirement. These trees shall be located completely within tree islands. See Design and Development Manual for information on large type trees. See Sec. 8.2.6.D.1 Landscape Islands.

8.3.3 Rules for Computing Requirements

C) Area Measurements

Unless otherwise specifically noted, all square footage-based parking and loading standards must be computed on the basis of gross floor area excluding any indoor storage/warehousing space that is accessory to the primary use. Square footage of accessory indoor storage/warehousing space shall be labeled separately on the site plan. Parking requirements for all indoor storage/warehousing space shall meet the requirements in Table 8.3-2.

8.3.4 Location

A) General

Except as otherwise expressly provided in this section, required off-street parking spaces shall be located on the same lot as the principal use. For multi-family or apartment uses where there is more than one building on the site, parking must be distributed to serve all buildings.

B) On-Street Parking

Striped, on-street parking located along a property’s street frontage may be utilized to meet all or a portion of the parking requirements for that property. The location of on-street parking spaces must comply with the Town of Apex Code of Ordinances - Sec 20. - Article VIII. - Parking. This requirement to stripe such spaces is not applicable within the MORR district.

B) C) Setbacks

C) D) Guest Parking

D) E) Residential Driveway Standards

F) Bicycle Parking Location and Design Requirements

1) A development with more than one use on a single parcel shall not be required to provide more than 26 bicycle spaces. This exception shall not apply to a mixed-use development containing a multi-family or apartment use.

2) Bicycle parking must be publicly accessible and conveniently located to a public entrance of the building with lighting (See Table 8.6-2).

3) Bicycle parking shall be designed to provide space for ingress and egress and shall not impede pedestrian and vehicle circulation.

4) Where there is more than one building, use, or amenity on the site, or parking is shared with an adjacent site, bicycle parking must be distributed to serve all buildings, uses, and amenities.

5) Bicycle parking for schools shall be placed in areas proximate to student arrival/departure pathways.

6) See the Town’s Bicycle Parking Engineering Specifications for more design details.

8.3.6 Parking Lot Design Standards

B) Site Layout

1) In order to develop a more pedestrian-oriented streetfront and to maximize the street exposure of the primary structure, a minimum of 50% of off-street parking spaces shall be located in the side yard and/or rear yard as defined in Sec. 12.2 Terms Defined. See subsection 2 below for location requirements within the Small Town Character District. The following shall be exempt from this requirement:

…

2) No more than one double-loaded bay of parking shall be positioned between the building and the primary street for all developments within the Small Town Character District, excluding developments within the Central Business District. If more than one street abuts the property, the designation of the primary street shall be based on the functional class as determined by the Planning Director. When parking is provided behind the building, there shall be a public building entrance on the rear of the building.

2) 3) Any parking areas containing…

3) 4) Parking lots…

4) 5) Driveways to parking areas…

5) 6) All nonresidential development…

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D) Surfacing and Maintenance

All off-street parking areas shall be paved and kept in a dust-free condition at all times. Permeable pavement, if used, shall comply with the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality’s Minimum Design Criteria in the NCDEQ Stormwater Design Manual. Exceptions shall apply in the CB Conservation Buffer zoning district or for Athletic Fields only under the category of Entertainment, Outdoor where allowed in other zoning districts where parking areas shall be gravel or paved and kept in a dust- Article 8 / General Development Standards Sec. 8.3 / OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING Sec. 8.3.6 / Parking Lot Design Standards February 20, 2018 Article 8 - Page 50 free condition at all times. Gravel parking shall at a minimum meet the following specifications:

8.3.7 Use of Off-Street Parking Areas

A) Vehicle Stacking Areas

The vehicle stacking standards of this subsection shall apply unless otherwise expressly approved by the Planning Director. See Sec. 8.5.5 Operational/Physical Compatibility.

1) Minimum Number of Spaces

The minimum stacking spaces from Table 8.3-5 may be provided, cumulatively, by using multiple drive-through lanes. Each lane is not required to provide the minimum number of spaces. Off-Street stacking spaces shall be provided as follows:

Table 8.3-5: Minimum Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces Activity Type Minimum Stacking Spaces Measured From Bank teller lane 4 Teller or Window Dry Cleaner 2 Window Restaurant drive-through 6 Order Box Restaurant drive-through 4 Order Box to Pick-Up Window Car wash stall, automatic 6 Entrance Car wash stall, self-service 3 Entrance Gasoline pump island 2 Pump Island All other uses 2 Window

8.3.9 Off-Street Parking Alternatives

B) Off-Site Parking

1) Ineligible Activities

Off-site parking may not be used to satisfy the off-street parking standards for residential uses (except for guest parking), restaurants, convenience stores, or other convenience-oriented uses. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities may not be located off-site.

2) Location

No off-site parking pace may be located more than 400 600 feet from the primary entrance of the use served (measured along the shortest legal pedestrian route) unless remote parking shuttle bus service is provided. Off-site parking spaces may not be separated from the use served by a street right-of-way with a width of more than 80 feet, unless a grade-separated pedestrian walkway is provided, or other traffic control or remote parking shuttle bus service is provided.

C) Shared Parking

Table 8.3-8: Shared Parking Demand by Land Use and Time of Day Weekday Weekend Nighttime Land Use Daytime Evening Daytime Evening (12am-6am) (6am-5pm) (5pm-12am) (6am-5pm) (5pm-12am) Residential 60% 100% 80% 100% 100% Office/ 100% 10% 10% 5% 5% warehouse/ industrial Retail 60% 90% 100% 70% 5% Restaurant 70% 100% 100% 70% 10% Hotel/motel 75% 100% 75% 100% 100% Entertainment 40% 100% 80% 100% 10% Church or 10% 30% 100% 30% 5% place of worship Bank 100% 5% 100% 5% 5% Health/fitness 70% 100% 80% 60% 5% centers and spas Medical/dental 100% 50% 100% 5% 5% office To use this table:

1) Determine the minimum parking requirements in accordance with Table 8.3-1: Off-Street Parking Schedule “A” for each land use as if it is a separate use. 2) Multiply each amount by the corresponding percentages for each of the five time periods. 3) Calculate the total for each time period. 4) Select the column with the highest total and use this number as the required minimum number of parking spaces

D) Motor Vehicle Parking Reductions

1) Tree Preservation

See Sec. 8.2.2.B.2.C.ii for parking reductions when existing, healthy trees are preserved.

2) Tree Planting

The minimum parking requirement may be reduced by two (2) spaces for each large type tree planted and located completely within an island. The number of planted trees must be above and beyond the vehicle use area shading requirement. The minimum parking requirement may not be reduced by more than 10% through tree planting. See Design and Development Manual for information on large type trees. See Sec. 8.2.6.D.1 Landscape Islands.

3) Pedestrian Access

Nonresidential uses located where residents of residential and mixed-use areas within ½ mile of the subject property can walk to and from the nonresidential use on a continuous pedestrian facility may reduce their minimum parking requirement by 10%. This reduction shall be granted if the average residential density within a ½ mile radius of the subject property is at least 6 (six) units per acre.

4) Mixed-Use

All mixed-use developments that are at least 2 (two) stories tall may reduce their minimum parking requirement by 10%. As it pertains to this parking reduction, mixed-use is defined as a combination of residential and nonresidential uses within the same building.

D) E) Other Eligible Alternatives

8.3.10 Parking Structures

A) Design Requirements

1) Parking Structures shall provide:

a) Light-colored interior walls and ceilings with the exception of public art; and

b) Adequate and uniform interior lighting without glare to surrounding.

2) Building façades shall comply with Sec. 9.2.4 Harmony of Design.

B) Electric Vehicle Charging Spaces

All parking structures shall provide 2 (two) Level 2 electric vehicle charging spaces.

8.4.3 Community Amenities

All development subject to Sec. 8.4 shall contribute the establishment or enhancement of the community and public spaces by providing at least two community amenities, including but not limited to a patio seating area, water feature, clock tower, pedestrian plaza with benches, planters, public art, decorative bicycle parking, or focal feature. Any such areas shall have direct access to the public sidewalk network and such features shall not be constructed of materials that are inferior to the principal materials of the building and the landscape. These amenities may be built so as to terminate a vista, where possible, in order to provide a prominent visual orientation for the development.

8.5.5 Operational/Physical Compatibility

The following conditions may be imposed upon the approval of any development to ensure that it is compatible with existing uses, including but not limited to, restrictions on:

…

J) Ventilation and control of odors and fumes; and

K) Dust-control paving.; and

L) Location and intensity of drive-through uses that require stacking spaces.

8.6 Exterior Lighting

Table 8.6-2: Other Exterior Lighting Standards (initial foot-candles) Location Horizontal Illuminance Uniformity Ratio Avg (Average/minimum) *Vital locations (entry/exit doors, service areas, 5.0 4/1 ATMs, bicycle parking, etc.) Sidewalks 1.0 4/1 Vehicular use area other than parking (service 1.0 4/1 areas, drives and approach ways, private access roads, etc.) Storage yards 4.0 4/1 Loading/unloading docks and platforms 15.0 4/1 Auto sales yard/enclosed outdoor display 10.0 8/1 General recreational areas (fields**, 10.0 4/1 playgrounds, courts**, pools) *Average initial levels for vital locations shall be generally based on an area 10 feet by 10 feet or the limits of the specific area. ** See 8.6.4.I-J for specific exceptions to this standard.

12.2 Terms Defined

Call Center

An office set up to handle a large number of telephone calls, especially for taking orders and providing customer service.

Coworking Space

A type of office where individuals work in the same building, share facilities and equipment, but do not work for the same business.

Level 2 Charging

240 volt AC charging, requiring a 40 amp circuit. Level 2 chargers have a cord that plugs directly into the vehicle in the same connector location used for Level 1 equipment.

Proposed Amendments to Section 8.3: Off-Street Parking and Loading of the Apex UDO

8.3.1 Applicability Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.3.1 Within the central business district, there shall There shall be no minimum bicycle parking Bicycle parking in downtown Apex is provided by the Town and there is There are no minimum vehicle parking requirements in downtown Apex. Apex UDO B) Downtown be no minimum parking requirements in requirement within the central business district not space for additional private bicycle parking. Exempted existing platted areas that are, or previously have been, in commercial use

8.3.2 Off-Street Parking Requirements Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.3.2 No requirement The minimum parking requirements shall not be Multiple towns within North Carolina have established parking (1) “Minimum parking requirements in zoning ordinances would not be Mukhija and Shoup 2007 E) Maximum Number exceeded by more than 25% for uses that require up maximums including Cary, Davidson, and Graham. A parking supply that needed if they did not increase the parking supply beyond what the market of Spaces Allowed to 100 spaces or 15% for uses that require more than exceeds demand results in increased stormwater runoff, heat island would provide” (297). 100 spaces unless a parking analysis is submitted and effect, loss of habitat, and an unpleasant environment for members of (2) “Removing or reducing off-street parking requirements does not restrict approved by the Planning Director. the community. A parking space is essentially car storage. Once an area parking or reduce the market incentive for developers to provide an of land is paved for car storage, it can no longer be used for a purpose adequate supply” (299). Trees and Stormwater Pilot with a higher utility unless parking requirements for the property are Project PowerPoint reduced in the future, either by a change of use or by changed zoning The Trees and Stormwater Pilot Project is recommending that the Town set Presentation requirements. In order to prevent an excess of parking in Apex, parking minimums and maximums and that additional spaces only be developers must justify their decision to build a supply of parking that allowed if permeable paving is used. exceeds the minimum requirement by more than 25 percent.

2 8.3.2 No requirement A parking analysis shall include estimates of parking The parking analysis requirements in the Greenville, SC Code of City of Greenville requirement for the ‘Schedule B’ parking and loading study City of Greenville, South E.1) Maximum demand based on recommendations of the Institute Ordinances presents a clear way to justify a proposed parking supply. Carolina Code of Ordinances Number of Parking of Transportation Engineers (ITE), or other 2017 Spaces Allowed – acceptable estimates as approved by the Planning Sec. 19-6.1.3 - Schedule B Parking analysis Director, and should include other reliable data requirements collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same as or comparable with the proposed use. Comparability will be determined by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location. Any additional parking that is proposed to be redeveloped in the future shall be labeled in the parking analysis. The study shall document the source of data used to develop the recommendations. 3 8.3.2 No requirement If approval is granted by the Planning Director to This requirement is designed to increase the number of trees planted in Council member Jensen proposed an increased tree planting requirement Apex Planning Committee E.2) Exceed Parking exceed the maximum parking requirement, then at surface parking lots when the maximum parking requirement is for developers who exceed the maximum parking requirement. Maximums - Tree least one (1) large tree type shall be planted for every exceeded. Planting 10 parking spaces above the maximum requirement. These trees shall be located completely within an island. See Design and Development Manual for information on large type trees.

8.3.3 Rules for Computing Requirements Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.3.3 All square footage-based parking and loading With regard to the parking standards in this section, The intention of this requirement is to prevent excessive parking of City of Greenville requirement City of Greenville Code of C) Area standards must be computed on the basis of square footage refers to the gross floor area of a warehouse space. Currently, many developers are separating the square Ordinance Section 19-6.1. Measurements gross floor area. building, excluding warehouse and storage space footage of their development based on the type of use. This requirement which is accessory to the primary use. Square would ensure that all developers present the square footage of each footage of warehouse and storage space shall be land use on site plan applications in a uniform manner and it prevents an labeled separately on the site plan. Parking over-supply of off-street parking. requirements for all warehouse and storage space shall meet the requirements in Table 8.3-2. With

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8.3.3 Rules for Computing Requirements Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source regard to the loading standards in this Section, square footage refers to the total gross floor area of a building.

8.3.4 Location Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.3.4 Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Striped, on-street parking located along the On-street parking creates a physical barrier between moving vehicle “Eagle Rock, City of Los Angeles, CA: On-street parking is counted toward Willson 2013 B) On-Street Parking section, required off-street parking spaces shall property’s street frontage may be utilized to meet all traffic and pedestrians, which improves pedestrian safety. When parking meeting the off-street parking requirement. Helpful for restaurants in built be located on the same lot as the principal use. or a portion of the parking requirements for that is allowed on the street, these parking spaces no longer need to be areas but could incentivize any desired land use. Usually predicated on an property. paved in an off-street surface lot in order to meet the minimum parking occupancy study” (60). requirement, reducing the footprint of surface parking lots. The location of on-street parking spaces must comply with the Town of Apex Code of Ordinances - Sec 20. - Further research needs to be conducted on which types of streets should Article VIII. - Parking. accommodate on-street parking. New street types with on-street parking specifications may be a product of Advance Apex. The requirement to stripe such spaces is not applicable within the MORR district. 2 8.3.2 Existing design requirements can be found in 1. A development with more than one use on a single Bicycle parking must be designed in a way that is user friendly and does City of Greensboro minimum bicycle parking requirement cap: 25 spaces City of Greensboro Land F) Bicycle Parking the Town’s Bicycle Parking Engineering parcel shall not be required to provide more than 26 not conflict with other modes of transportation. The proposed City of Raleigh minimum bicycle parking requirement cap: 30 spaces Development Ordinance Design and Location Specifications bicycle spaces. This exception shall not apply to a requirements are designed to ensure that the location and conditions of City of Durham minimum bicycle parking requirement cap: 100 spaces Article 11 Requirements mixed-use development containing a multi-family or bicycle parking are adequate and predictable throughout the Town. The apartment use. layout and design requirements of bicycle parking should be held to a City of Raleigh Short-Term Bicycle Parking requirement City of Durham UDO Section 2. Bicycle parking must be publicly accessible and high standard. 10.3 conveniently located to a public entrance of the 2007 Town of Apex Proposed Bicycle Parking Ordinance building with lighting (See Table 8.6-2). City of Raleigh UDO Section 3. Bicycle parking shall be designed to provide space City of Greenville bicycle parking requirement 7.1.8. for ingress and egress and shall not impede pedestrian and vehicle circulation. 4. Where there is more than one building, use, or City of Wilson UDO City of Greenville Code of amenity on the site, or parking is shared with an Ordinances Section 19-6.1.6. adjacent site, bicycle parking must be distributed to Town of Apex standard specification for an inverted U bike rack is $180 per serve all buildings, uses, and amenities. unit City of Wilson UDO Section 5. Bicycle parking for schools shall be placed in areas 9.7 proximate to student arrival/departure pathways. 2007 Town of Apex Proposed Bicycle Parking Ordinance 6. See the Town’s Bicycle Parking Engineering Town of Apex Parks & Rec Specifications for more design details. specs Jennifer Delcourt, SRTS Coordinator for Wake County Town of Apex 2007

8.3.6 Parking Lot Design Standards Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.3.6 In order to develop a more pedestrian-oriented No more than one double-loaded bay of parking shall Off-street parking between the street and the building creates a barrier (1) “The location and placement of parking greatly affects urban design. Mukhija and Shoup 2007 B) Site Layout streetfront and to maximize street exposure of be positioned between the building and the primary for pedestrians and cyclists. When parking is placed behind the building, Parking lots located between the sidewalk and building make walking more the primary structure, a minimum of 50% of street for all developments within the Small Town this creates a more pedestrian-oriented street and maximizes the street onerous. To avoid this, planners can use conventional zoning regulations to off-street parking spaces shall be located in the Character District, excluding developments within exposure of the primary structure. Currently, the Town has a sidewalk require that parking be positioned below, behind, or beside buildings, rather side yard and/or rear yard as defined in Sec. the central business district. If more than one street policy in the UDO that requires developers to install pedestrian facilities than in front, and that buildings be oriented to the sidewalk” (299). 12.2 Terms Defined. The following shall be abuts the property, the designation of the primary along all streets. While there is an existing requirement that a minimum (2) “…placing parking lots behind buildings so that they only gap between exempt from this request: street shall be based on the functional class as of fifty percent of off-street parking spaces be located in the side yard shops is the access to parking. An even more desirable approach would close  Off-street parking lots with a total of determined by the Planning Director. Any exceptions and/or rear yard for parking lots with a total of 36 or more parking all gaps between the shops and provide access to the parking lot from a side 35 parking spaces or less; and must be approved by the Planning Director. spaces, this ordinance has not been implemented in a way that enhances street or rear alley” (299).  Light industrial or Tech/Flex… the streetscape for pedestrians. The proposed off-street parking layout “No more than 20 percent of the total parking spaces (up to a maximum of City of Greenville Code of When parking is provided behind the building, there requirement, combined with the existing sidewalk requirements, 100 spaces) may be located in the front yard adjacent to the primary street. Ordinances shall be a public building entrance on the rear of the landscaping requirements, and an on-street parking requirement can If more than one street abuts the property, the designation of the primary building. create an inviting and vibrant streetscape.

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8.3.6 Parking Lot Design Standards Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source street shall be determined by the administrator” (Section 19-6.5 – Design standards for nonresidential development) Davidson Planning Ordinance Davidson, NC Parking Requirement: “Parking lots shall be placed behind buildings. Parallel parking is allowed on one side of the access drive to the rear parking area. Off-street parking is not permitted in front of the primary building façade, except where specified in an adopted street section or detailed as a public plaza or square. Any property located at a street intersection shall not have parking, loading, or service areas at the corner. 2 8.3.6 Permeable pavement is currently permitted Off-street parking may be constructed with The off-street parking and loading section does not explicitly mention Town of Davidson, NC requirement Town of Davidson Planning D) Surfacing and but is not included in the off-street parking and permeable pavement to meet the minimum parking permeable pavement as an option for off-street parking spaces. The NC Ordinance Maintenance – loading section. requirements. Department of Environmental Quality has released a new permeable NCDEQ Minimum Design Criteria 8.4.1 (M) Permeable Pavement pavement chapter in its Stormwater Design Manual. It can be used in All permeable pavement shall comply with the North Apex to receive full Built Upon Area (BUA) credit if designed per the Mike Deaton NCDEQ Carolina Department of Environmental Quality’s Minimum Design Criteria (MDC). Minimum Design Criteria in Section C-5 of the NCDEQ Stormwater Design Manual. Including this text on permeable pavement in the UDO may encourage developers to use this option to receive BUA credits.

8.3.7 Use of Off-Street Parking Areas Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 Table 8.3-5: Minimum No requirement 2 This use is currently not listed in Table 8.3-5: Minimum Required Vehicle Apex UDO Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces Stacking Spaces – Dry Cleaner 2 Table 8.3-5: Minimum No requirement 2 Required Vehicle Stacking Spaces – All Other Uses 3 8.3.7 No requirement The minimum stacking spaces from Table 8.3.5 may Clarification on the stacking spaces requirement when more than one 1) Minimum Number be provided, cumulatively, by using multiple drive- drive-through lane is planned. of Spaces through lanes. Each lane is not required to provide the minimum number of spaces. 4 8.3.7 No requirement See Section 8.5.5 Operational/Physical Compatibility To be used for intense drive-through uses such as Starbucks and Chick- Reference to 8.5.5 Add text: Location and intensity of drive-through fil-a uses that require stacking spaces

8.3.9 Off-Street Parking Alternatives Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.3.9 Off-site parking may not be used to satisfy the Remove restaurants from the list of ineligible activities The only other uses that are ineligible from using off-site parking to meet City of Greenville has the same ineligible activities except restaurants City of Greenville Code of B) Off-Site Parking off-street parking standards for residential uses their minimum parking requirements are convenience-oriented uses. Ordinance 19-6.1. (except for guest parking), restaurants, Restaurants do not fall into that category. convenience stores, or other convenience- oriented uses. 2 8.3.9 No off-site parking space may be located more Change off-site parking space location requirement The shared parking section in the UDO allows for the shared parking Consistent with shared parking location requirement Apex UDO B) Off-Site Parking than 400 ft from the primary entrance of the from 400 ft to 600 ft from the primary entrance spaces to be 600 feet away from the primary building entrance. Off-site use served (measured along the shortest legal parking and shared parking are similar in nature and this change will Off-site parking must be a ¼ mile or less, measured along the pedestrian Town of Davidson, NC pedestrian route) unless remote parking improve consistency between these requirements. access route, from the primary structure requiring the parking (Davidson, Planning Ordinance shuttle bus service is provided. NC). 8.3.2 (E) 3 8.3.9 Found in Section 8.2.2(B)(2)(C)(ii) Reference Section 8.2.2(B)(2)(C)(ii) – A 5 to 20 percent This text should be referenced in the off-street parking section of the Town of Apex existing ordinance Town of Apex UDO D) 1) Tree reduction in the number of parking spaces required on UDO to improve developer awareness of the policies on parking preservation the site shall be allowed to the extent that the requirement reductions. reduction will preserve existing healthy trees. The amount of reduction will be determined by the The inserted text is meant to clarify the administrative process of receiving a parking reduction for tree preservation.

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8.3.9 Off-Street Parking Alternatives Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source Planning Director after taking all unique site conditions into account. 4 8.3.9 No requirement The minimum parking requirement may be reduced If a developer decides that the site will not attract as much parking as Winston-Salem/Forsyth County requirement Winston-Salem/Forsyth D) 2) Tree Planting by 2 spaces for each large type tree planted and required in the off-street parking schedule, she or he may choose to County UDO located completely within an island. The number of plant additional large type trees to reduce the parking requirement. planted trees must be above and beyond the shading Town of Apex requirements. The minimum parking requirement may not be reduced by more than 10% through tree planting. See Design Development Manual for information on large type trees. 5 8.3.9 No requirement Nonresidential uses located where residents of This ordinance is intended to encourage development in dense, Metro Government of Nashville and Davidson County ordinance Code of Ordinances Section D) 3) Pedestrian residential and mixed-use areas within ½ mile of the walkable, areas and to promote mixed-use development. If a developer 17.20.040 Access subject property can walk to and from the constructs a site in an area that meets this requirement, the parking nonresidential use on a continuous pedestrian facility requirement may be reduced by 10 percent, encouraging residents who may reduce their parking requirement by 10%. This live in the area to walk or bike to the site. reduction may be granted if the average residential density within a ½ mile radius of the subject property is at least 6 units per acre. 6 8.3.9 No requirement All mixed-use developments that are at least two This ordinance is intended to encourage dense, mixed-use development. D) 4) Mixed-Use stories tall may reduce their parking requirement by 10%.

Mixed-use: A combination of residential and nonresidential uses within the same building.

8.3.10 Parking Structures Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.3.10 No requirement Parking structures shall provide: The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that all parking structures in City of Greenville requirement City of Greenville South A) Design a. Refer to Section 9.2.4 Harmony of Design for Apex have high design standards. These requirements are intended to Carolina Code of Ordinances requirements building façade requirements. prevent parking garages from standing out as unpleasant structures and Section 19-6.8 b. Light-colored interior walls and ceilings with the for them to be well lit without disrupting neighboring properties. exception of public art; and c. Adequate and uniform interior lighting without glare to surrounding properties. 2 8.3.10 No requirement All parking structures shall provide two Level 2 EV Electric Vehicles are becoming increasingly common and it is important See EV Parking memo for more information on EV parking demand and Parksmart Certification B) EV Charging Spaces charging spaces. that off-street parking requirements reflect the needs of current and supply, equipment and installation costs, and charging specifications. future automobile markets. Level 2 charging: 240 volt AC charging, requiring a 40 amp circuit. Level 2 charging equipment is Parksmart certification, the parking structure equivalent of LEED for compatible with all electric vehicles and plug-in buildings, requires all parking structures to have EV capable charging electric hybrid vehicles. Level 2 chargers have a cord spaces that support Level 2 or DC Fast Charger Stations. that plugs directly into the vehicle in the same connector location used for Level 1 equipment. Level 2 charging works up to six times faster than Level 1 charging.

8.4 Community Amenities and Pedestrian Flow Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.4.3 Community All development subject to Sec. 8.4 shall Add decorative bicycle parking to the list of Once bicycle parking becomes a requirement for all uses it will no longer Council Members Jensen and Gantt support decorative bicycle parking as a Apex Planning Committee Amenities contribute to the establishment or community amenities. be considered a community amenity. If a developer chooses to install community amenity. enhancement of the community and public decorative bicycle parking this would become a community amenity. spaces by providing at least two community Apex Public Art Committee is supportive of decorative bicycle parking. Apex Public Art Committee amenities, including but not limited to a patio seating area, water feature, clock tower,

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8.4 Community Amenities and Pedestrian Flow Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source pedestrian plaza with benches, planters, public art, or focal feature.

8.6 Exterior Lighting Row Section Existing Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Source 1 8.6.3 No requirement Add bicycle parking to the list of vital locations in the In the bicycle parking design section, it specifies that there must be Apex UDO Town of Apex UDO Section Table 8.6-2: Other Other Exterior Lighting Standards table adequate lighting. Bicycle parking lighting standards should equate to 8.6 Exterior Lighting that of other vital locations such as entry/exit doors, service areas, and Standards (initial foot- ATMs. These need to be well lit in order for people to feel comfortable candles) enough to park their bike and encourage them to continue biking to their destinations.

8.3.2 Off-Street Parking Requirements Reasoning: The following off-street parking requirement are based on a review of peer ordinances, ITE parking generation, and a literature review. Each requirement is designed to meet the parking demand without supplying an excess of parking. An updated parking schedule will allow the Town to continue to grow and remain a competitive location for high-quality development.

The following parking requirements include accessory uses. Row Use Existing Parking Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Residential Uses 1 8.3.2 A 2 per dwelling unit 1.5 per dwelling unit with 1-2 bedrooms After a review of existing and approved developments it was found that ITE found: ITE 2010 Multi-family or 1.8 per dwelling unit with 3+ bedrooms multi-family housing developments supply an average of 1.81 spaces per  Average: 1.23 vehicles per dwelling unit apartment dwelling unit. Since the market will typically provide a sufficient amount  85th percentile: 1.94 Where there is more than one building on the site, of off-street parking, this requirement is based off of these findings. parking must be distributed to serve all buildings. *Refer to Apex vs. ITE Parking 4th Edition document for more info or code 221 in Parking Generation.

City of Greenville requirement: 1.5 per dwelling unit

Average parking supply in Apex: 1.81 (Flats at 540 are pulling up the average)

Kimley Horn’s Park+ model found that apartments in Asheville would need 1.62 Kimley Horn 2016 spaces per dwelling unit Recreational Uses 2 8.3.2 A Recreational Uses, Schedule C Subdivisions with 100 or more dwelling units shall Currently, there is no specific parking requirement for amenity centers. See Amenity Center Parking Comparison document Town of Cary UDO Section Recreation facility, provide: This proposed requirement is based on a review of a number of 7.8.2 private (single-family  1 per 300 sq ft of clubhouse with interior development ordinances and an inventory of parking supply at amenity Town of Cary: dwellings or gathering space centers in Apex. Neighborhood recreation center, indoor/outdoor (private): Town of Morrisville UDO townhomes)  1 per 100 sq ft of surface area of the pool  1 per 200 sq ft (this may be reduced by one space for every single Section 5.10.3 (water area) dwelling which is located within 400 ft of direct access from the  2 per sports amenity (e.g., court, field, facility) playground, park, etc.) Town of Morrisville: Subdivisions with less than 100 dwelling units shall Community Center provide:  1 per 300 sq ft  1 per 300 sq ft of clubhouse with interior Private Recreation/Entertainment Facility, Outdoor gathering space  Basketball facility – 2 per basket  1 per 200 sq ft of surface area of the pool  Swimming pool – 1 per 140 sq ft of pool area (water area)  2 per sports amenity (e.g., court, field, City of Charlottesville: playground, park etc.) Outdoor recreation facilities (parks, playgrounds, ball courts, etc.)  1 space per 600 sq ft of usable recreational area

City of Durham:

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The following parking requirements include accessory uses. Row Use Existing Parking Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Pool, Outdoor  10 per pool Recreation center  1 per 300 sq ft floor area Outdoor recreation  1 per 500 sq ft of enclosed floor area + 1 per 1,000 sq ft of outdoor use area

City of Richmond Private park, recreational area or country club  1 per 5 members

Town of Matthews Swimming pool: single neighborhood, below Junior Olympic size, no outside memberships  1 per 75 square feet water surface area

Commercial Uses 3 8.3.2 A Convenience 1 per 200 sq ft 1 per 300 sq ft ITE Found: ITE 2010 store (3.33 per 1000 sq ft)  Average: 1 per ~320 sq ft GFA  85th percentile: 1 per ~260 4 8.3.2 A Convenience 1 per 200 sq ft of convenience store/food 1 per 300 sq ft After review of 7 convenience stores with gas stations, it was found that Inventory Found: Google Maps store with gas sales sales area, plus 1 per service bay, plus (3.33 per 1000 sq ft) the current requirement parking exceeds demand. ITE findings suggest  Average: 1 per 735 sq ft Nearmap vehicle stacking spaces that the Apex requirement is too low. The proposed requirement is a  85th percentile: 1 per ~470 sq ft Remove ‘plus 1 service bay’ conservative estimate based on my findings.  100th percentile: 1 per 335 sq ft

*Refer to Convenience Store with Gas Station Parking Inventory file for more info

ITE Found:  1 per ~120 sq ft GFA  85th percentile: 1 per 95

This is higher than the current UDO requirement, seemed very high so I completed an inventory using Google Maps (aerial and street views) and Nearmap, 7 total sites in Apex.

*Refer to Apex vs. ITE Parking 4th Edition document for more info or code 853 in Parking Generation. 5 8.3.2 A 1 per 150 sq ft 1 per 250 sq ft ITE found an average of 4 vehicles per 1000 square feet of gross floor Greenville, SC: 1 per 500 sq ft City of Greenville, SC Code of Financial Institution Plus vehicle stacking spaces area. ITE has been collecting data since the 1980’s. Since then the Ordinances and Financial 1 per 150 sq ft, plus vehicle stacking spaces demand for parking at financial institutions has significantly decreased, Charlottesville, VA: 1 per 300 sq ft Institution, with drive- despite the availability of alternative modes of transportation, due to City of Charlottesville, VA through online banking. ITE Found: Code of Ordinances  Average: 1 per 250 sq ft GFA  85th percentile: 1 per ~180 sq ft (but there is one major outlier) (the other samples are clustered) ITE 2010

*Refer to Apex vs. ITE Parking 4th Edition document for more info or code 912 in Parking Generation. 6 8.3.2 A 1 per 200 sq ft 1 per employee Apex UDO – Retail sales, general Town of Apex UDO

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The following parking requirements include accessory uses. Row Use Existing Parking Requirement Proposed Requirement Reasoning Support Gas and fuel, retail Parking can be shared 7 8.3.2 A 1 per 200 sq ft 1 per 250 sq ft ITE found: ITE 2010 Grocery (general and  Average: 1 per 265 sq ft GFA specialty)  85th percentile: 1 per ~200 sq ft GFA

*Refer to Apex vs. ITE Parking 4th Edition document for more info or code 850 in Parking Generation.

City of Richmond requirement is 1 per 300 sq ft City of Richmond, VA Code of Ordinances 8 8.3.2 A 1 per 300 sq ft Schedule C Developers are being asked to supply a higher parking ratio for Developers who attended the Development Community on April 17 at Town Office: Coworking coworking spaces. Putting this type of office in ‘Schedule C’ will provide Hall. Space Definition: A type of office where individuals work in flexibility to developers and avoids penalizing traditional office uses that the same building, share facilities and equipment, do not need additional parking. but do not work for the same business.

9 8.3.2 A 1 per 300 sq ft (Office, not call center Schedule C Call centers were excluded from general office use due to the large City of Raleigh requirement Raleigh UDO Section 7.1.2 Office: Call Center specifically) quantity of workers in a single call center. Definition: An office set up to handle a large number Google’s definition of telephone calls, especially for taking orders and providing customer service

10 8.3.2 A 1 per 200 sq ft 1 per 400 sq ft ITE found: ITE 2010 Pharmacy  Average: 2.18 vehicles per 1000 sq ft GFA  Average: 1 per ~460 sq ft  85th percentile: 1 per 340 sq ft

*Refer to Apex vs. ITE Parking 4th Edition document for more info or code 881 in Parking Generation.

11 8.3.2 A Some specific retail uses are at 1 per 200 sq 1 per 300 sq ft Town of Morrisville UDO Town of Morrisville UDO All other uses ft Section 5.10.3.A Retail is at 1 per 300 sq ft

Eliminate all commercial uses that are currently 1 per 300 and all commercial uses proposed to change to 1 per 300 sq ft (Automotive parts, bookstores, floral shop, glass sales, tailor shops, and newsstand or gift shop)

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8.3.2 Off-Street Bicycle Parking Requirements Reasoning: Bicycle parking requirements have become standard in peer development ordinances. Vehicle parking spaces are required for every use, discouraging customers and employees from choosing an alternative mode of transportation. The availability of bicycle parking allows customers and employees to cycle to their destination and provides a safe place to store their bike. According to the Apex Engineering Specifications, each bicycle rack accommodates two bicycle parking spaces.

There are no existing minimum bicycle parking requirements Row Use Proposed Requirement Support Source Residential Uses 1 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 6 spaces or 1 per 30 dwelling units, whichever is greater Town of Morrisville’s requirement is 1 per 50 dwelling units, minimum 2 spaces Town of Morrisville UDO Multi-family or Section 5.10.3.A apartment Town of Matthews requires a minimum of 2 or one space per 20 dwelling units City of Matthews UDO Section 155.607.7 Public and Civic Uses 2 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 4 spaces Assembly hall, nonprofit 3 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 4 spaces APBP recommends assembly uses (Church, theaters, stadiums, parks, etc.) provide bicycle parking for 2% of the maximum expected daily attendance APBP 2010 Church or place of worship 4 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 4 spaces Government service 5 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 4 spaces or spaces for 1% of employees at planned capacity, whichever is greater WakeMed Cary: City of Raleigh UDO Section Hospital  Total employees: 1,170 7.1.2  Proposed requirement: 12 spaces WakeMed Apex Healthplex:  Total employees: 77  Proposed requirement: 4 spaces

VP of Construction at WakeMed: “With healthcare facilities, the only targeted user as a bicycle rider would be employees, I’m not sure a stipulated amount of SF would be a good test of employee density as it really correlates directly with the building use and zoning. We currently do not have a policy that requires bicycle parking at any sites.” 6 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 1 space for every 40 students above 2nd grade and employees at planned capacity Town of Cary requirement Town of Cary Land School, public or WCPSS does not have a bicycle parking standard. Development Ordinance private: Elementary This requirement does not apply to schools that do not have a “No Transport Zone” Olive Chapel Elementary School has 36 bicycle parking spaces Town of Morrisville UDO  Estimated Number of Students: 1,023 – assume that half of the students are above 2nd grade (512)  12.8 spaces Section 5.10.3.A  Number of Employees: 86  2.2 spaces  Proposed requirement: 15 spaces Startclass.com

7 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 1 space for every 40 students and employees at planned capacity Town of Cary requirement Town of Cary Land School, public or WCPSS does not have a bicycle parking standard. Development Ordinance private: Junior or This requirement does not apply to schools that do not have a “No Transport Zone” Senior APBP 2010

Town of Morrisville UDO Section 5.10.3.A Recreational Uses 8 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 6 spaces or 1 space per 30 dwelling units, whichever is greater 3 bicycle parking spaces or 1 space per 50 auto spaces is a common requirement in the Town of Cary’s UDO Town of Cary 2017 Recreation facility, private

9 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 8 spaces Arena, auditorium, or stadium

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There are no existing minimum bicycle parking requirements Row Use Proposed Requirement Support Source 10 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 4 spaces or 1 space per 25 auto spaces, whichever is greater Example: Pleasant Park Park, active or passive Bicycle spaces approved: 36 Proposed requirement: 48 spaces  4 spaces per sport: Multipurpose fields (4) ballfields (4) basketball courts (4), tennis courts (4), sand volleyball (4) cross country course (4), site amenity with splashpad and playgrounds (8)  4 spaces at every restroom facility: 2 shelters with restrooms (8) 2 athletic facility buildings with restrooms (8)

Town of Cary: 3 racks, or 1 rack per 50 auto spaces Cary’s requirement applied to Pleasant Park  36 spaces (18 racks)  Bicycle spaces approved: 36 Site plan states the proposed parking was based on a requirement of 1 rack per 50 spaces Commercial Uses 11 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 6 spaces or 1 space per 10,000 sq ft, whichever is greater Lower requirement than APBP recommendation Minimum: APBP 2010 Grocery (general and specialty) 12 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 2 spaces or 1 space per 20,000 sq ft, whichever is greater Medical or dental office or clinic 13 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 4 spaces or 1 space per 8,000 sq ft, whichever is greater Raleigh’s requirement – 1 space per 5,000 sq ft of GFA, minimum 4 APBP 2010 Office, business, or City of Raleigh UDO Section professional (Including Example: Olive Chapel Business Park (56,400 sq ft of office and 18,600 sq ft of medical) 7.1.2 coworking spaces and  Bicycle parking requirement: 9 spaces call centers) 14 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 2 spaces or 1 space per 50 vehicle parking spaces, whichever is greater Town of Morrisville requirement Town of Morrisville UDO Restaurant, drive- Section 5.10.3.A through or general 15 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 4 spaces or 1 space per 10,000 square feet, whichever is greater Retail sales, general 16 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking - 4 spaces Theater 17 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 2 spaces All other uses Industrial Uses 18 8.3.2 Bicycle Parking – 2 spaces APBP 2010 All uses

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8.3.9 Off-Street Parking Alternatives C) Shared Parking Table 8.3-8: Shared Parking Demand by Land Use and Time of Day Weekday Weekend Nighttime Land Use Daytime Evening Daytime Evening (12am-6am) (6am-5pm) (5pm-12am) (6am-5pm) (5pm-12am) Residential 60% 100% 80% 100% 100% Office/ 100% 10% 10% 5% 5% warehouse/ industrial Retail 60% 90% 100% 70% 5% Restaurant 70% 100% 100% 70% 10% Hotel/motel 75% 100% 75% 100% 100% Entertainment 40% 100% 80% 100% 10% Church or place of 10% 30% 100% 30% 5% worship Bank 100% 5% 100% 5% 5% Health center 70% 100% 80% 60% 5% Medical/dental 100% 50% 100% 5% 5% office Sources: City of Greenville, SC Shared Parking Demand Table, ULI Shared Parking Tables (Smith 2005), and Victoria Transport Policy Institute

To use this table:

Table 8.3-8 Example of Shared Parking Calculation Land Use Minimum Weekday Weekend Nighttime Parking Daytime Evening Daytime Evening (12am-6am) Requirement (6am-5pm) (5pm-12am) (6am-5pm) (5pm-12am) for Land Use 10,000 1 per 300 33 3 3 2 2 square feet square feet office 5,000 square 1 per 300 10 15 17 12 1 feet retail square feet Total Required Separately 43 18 20 14 3 Required Shared Parking 43

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Works Cited

"2015 Annual Report." www.pluginnc.com, North Carolina Plug-In Electric Vehicle Taskforce, 2015, www.pluginnc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/5-2015_Transporation_Report_v5.pdf

"Autos Drive North Carolina Forward." Auto Alliance Driving Innovation, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, 31 Dec. 2016, https://autoalliance.org/in-your-state/NC/

Bicycle Parking Guidelines, 2nd Edition. Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals (APBP), 2010.

Bushell, Max, Poole, Bryan, UNC Highway Safety Research Center, “Costs for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Infrastructure Improvements: A Resource for Researchers, Engineers, Planners, and the General Public,” October 2013.

http://www.pedbikeinfo.org/cms/downloads/Countermeasure%20Costs_Report_Nov2013.pdf

City of Charlottesville, Virginia. (2017). Code of Ordinances, https://library.municode.com/va/charlottesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH34ZO_ARTIXGEAPRE_DIV2OREPA_S34-984OREPAREPEUS

City of Columbia, South Carolina (2017). Code of Ordinances, https://library.municode.com/sc/columbia/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH17PLLADEZO_ARTIIIZO_DIV10OREPALOFA_S17-341OREPARE

City of Durham, North Carolina. (2006) Unified Development Ordinance, http://www.codepublishing.com/NC/Durham/#!/10.3.html

City of Greensboro, North Carolina. (2010). Land Development Ordinance, https://www.greensboro-nc.gov/home/showdocument?id=27048

City of Greenville, South Carolina. (2017). Code of Ordinances, https://library.municode.com/sc/greenville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH19LAMA_ART19-6DEDEST_S19-6.1OREPALO

City of Raleigh, North Carolina. (2013). Unified Development Ordinance, https://www.raleighnc.gov/content/extra/Books/PlanDev/UnifiedDevelopmentOrdinance/#187/z

City of Richmond, Virginia (2017). Code of Ordinances, https://library.municode.com/va/richmond/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CH30ZO_ARTVIIOREPALORE_DIV2OREPARE_S30-710.1NUSPREPAUS

Corey, Richard W. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure - Green Building Standards (CALGreen) Code Suggested Code Changes for Nonresidential Buildings Technical and Cost Analysis. California Environmental Protection Agency: Air Resources Board, 2015.

"Electric Vehicles in North Carolina." Plug In America, May 2017, https://pluginamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/North_Carolina_Electric_Vehicle_Factsheet_May_20171.pdf.

Electric Vehicle Infrastructure - A Guide for Local Governments in Washington State. 2010.

"Levels of Charging." EV Town Bloomington - Normal, Illinois, EV Town, 2015, www.evtown.org/about-ev-town/ev-charging/charging-levels.html. Accessed 12 Jan. 2018.

Marvelli, Mia. Guide to the 2016 California Green Building Standards Code Nonreisdential (CALGreen). International Code Council, 2017.

Metro Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. (2015). Code of Ordinances.

https://library.municode.com/tn/metro_government_of_nashville_and_davidson_county/codes/code_of_ordinances/219301?nodeId=CD_ORD_TIT17ZO_CH17.20PALOAC_ARTIIPALORE_17.20.030PAREES

Mukhija, V., & Shoup, D. (2007, November 26). Quantity versus Quality in Off-Street Parking Requirements. Journal of the American Planning Association, 72(3).

Parking Generation – Replacing Flawed Standards with the Custom Realities of Park +. Kimley Horn White Paper Series, 2016.

Parking Generation. 3rd ed., Washington, D.C., Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2004.

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Parking Generation. 3rd ed., Washington, D.C., Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2010.

Parksmart Planning Worksheet. Lighting Energy Efficiency in Parking Awards.

Town of Cary. (2017). Land Development Ordinance http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/North%20Carolina/cary_nc/appendixalanddevelopmentordinance*?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:cary_nc$anc=JD_LandDevelopmentOrdinance

Town of Davidson. (2017) Planning Ordinance, http://www.ci.davidson.nc.us/DocumentCenter/View/8063

Town of Matthews. (2014). Unified Development Ordinance. https://matthews.municipalcms.com/files/documents/UDOChapter607Off-StreetParkingandLoadingRequirementsindividualsection1318115317101317AM.pdf

Town of Morrisville. (2014). Morrisville Unified Development Ordinance, https://user-cjghrlw.cld.bz/Morrisville-UDO-June-2017-version/356

https://user-cjghrlw.cld.bz/Morrisville-UDO-June-2017-version/356

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12 July 5, 2018

TOWN OF APEX PUBLIC NOTIFICATION POST OFFICE BOX 250 OF PUBLIC HEARING APEX, NORTH CAROLINA 27502 PHONE 919-249-3426 AMENDMENTS TO THE UNIFIED DEVELOPMENT ORDINANCE (UDO)

Notice is hereby given of a public hearing before the Town Council of the Town of Apex for the purpose of soliciting comments relative to the following amendment(s) to the Unified Development Ordinance:

Requested by staff: 1. Amendments to Secs. 8.2.2 General Landscaping Design Standards, Sec. 8.3 Off-Street Parking and Loading, Sec. 8.4 Community Amenities and Pedestrian Flow, Sec. 8.5 Operational Compatibility Standards, Sec. 8.6 Exterior Lighting, and Sec. 12.2 Terms Defined in order to update the off-street parking and loading requirements to present-day standards; provide clarity and completeness for situations where the UDO is silent or unclear; and to prepare for trends in design, technologies, and multi-modal travel.

Public Hearing Location: Apex Town Hall 73 Hunter Street, Apex, North Carolina Council Chambers, 2nd Floor

Town Council Public Hearing Date and Time: July 17, 2018 7:00 PM

The UDO can be accessed online at: http://www.apexnc.org/233/Unified-Development-Ordinance

Dianne F. Khin, AICP Planning Director

Published Dates: June 22 – July 17, 2018