Free Will Vs. Determinism Our Topic Today Is, for the Second Day in a Row, Freedom of the Will
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Autonomy and Republicanism: Immanuel Kant's Philosophy of Freedom Author(S): Heiner Bielefeldt Source: Political Theory, Vol
Autonomy and Republicanism: Immanuel Kant's Philosophy of Freedom Author(s): Heiner Bielefeldt Source: Political Theory, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Aug., 1997), pp. 524-558 Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/191892 Accessed: 25-05-2018 14:18 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/191892?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Sage Publications, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Political Theory This content downloaded from 81.157.207.121 on Fri, 25 May 2018 14:18:33 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms AUTONOMY AND REPUBLICANISM Immanuel Kant's Philosophy of Freedom HEINER BIELEFELDT University of Bielefeld INTRODUCTION: THE PARADOX OF LIBERALISM Since its origins in early modernity, liberalism has always been a hotly debated issue. A charge frequently brought forward is that liberalism mirrors a lack of ethical substance in modern society, a society which seemingly loses its inner normative cohesiveness and hence can be held together only by a set of abstract procedural rules. -
Existentialism Principles As Seen in the Character of Satoru Nakata in Haruki Murakami’S Kafka on the Shore
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI EXISTENTIALISM PRINCIPLES AS SEEN IN THE CHARACTER OF SATORU NAKATA IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S KAFKA ON THE SHORE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By Bayu Kusuma Student Number: 144214095 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI EXISTENTIALISM PRINCIPLES AS SEEN IN THE CHARACTER OF SATORU NAKATA IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S KAFKA ON THE SHORE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By Bayu Kusuma Student Number: 144214095 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2018 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis Yogyakarta, December 5, 2018 Bayu Kusuma v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata -
Truth and Transcendence Turning the Tables on the Liar Paradox
11 Truth and Transcendence Turning the Tables on the Liar Paradox GILA SHER 11.1. AMethodological Turnaround Confrontingthe liar paradox is commonly viewed as a prerequisite for developing a theory of truth. As soon as the truth theorist accepts one of the most minimal principles of truth, the equivalence principle, which in one of its forms is often formulated(schematically) by (E) <P> is true iff(if and only if) P, where "P" stands for any sentence and" <P>" stands for a name of that sentence, the liar paradox arises. And it is only after the truth theorist incorporates some device Oike a Tarskian hierarchy or a K.ripkeangrounding process) forblocking the paradox that he is entitled to continue developing his theory. In this chapter I would like to turn the tables on this traditional conception of the relation between the liar paradox and the theory of truth. I would like to show that the theorist of truth need not worry about the liar paradox in developing her theory, that if she focuses deeply enough on the "material" adequacy of her theory (i.e., whether it adequately accounts for the nature of truth) as distinct from its "formal" adequacy (i.e., whether it is a consistent theory), the liar challenge is unlikely to arise for her theory at all. 1 In approaching the liar challenge in this way, we are treating the theory of truth like most other theories. Consider a physical, psychological, geometrical, or moral theory. Normally, the theorist in any of these fields is aware that his theory must sati�fy certain norms of formal adequacy. -
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Arthur Schopenhauer
03/05/2017 Arthur Schopenhauer (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Arthur Schopenhauer First published Mon May 12, 2003; substantive revision Sat Nov 19, 2011 Among 19th century philosophers, Arthur Schopenhauer was among the first to contend that at its core, the universe is not a rational place. Inspired by Plato and Kant, both of whom regarded the world as being more amenable to reason, Schopenhauer developed their philosophies into an instinctrecognizing and ultimately ascetic outlook, emphasizing that in the face of a world filled with endless strife, we ought to minimize our natural desires for the sake of achieving a more tranquil frame of mind and a disposition towards universal beneficence. Often considered to be a thoroughgoing pessimist, Schopenhauer in fact advocated ways — via artistic, moral and ascetic forms of awareness — to overcome a frustrationfilled and fundamentally painful human condition. Since his death in 1860, his philosophy has had a special attraction for those who wonder about life's meaning, along with those engaged in music, literature, and the visual arts. 1. Life: 1788–1860 2. The Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason 3. Schopenhauer's Critique of Kant 4. The World as Will 5. Transcending the Human Conditions of Conflict 5.1 Aesthetic Perception as a Mode of Transcendence 5.2 Moral Awareness as a Mode of Transcendence 5.3 Asceticism and the Denial of the WilltoLive 6. Schopenhauer's Later Works 7. Critical Reflections 8. Schopenhauer's Influence Bibliography Academic Tools Other Internet Resources Related Entries 1. Life: 1788–1860 Exactly a month younger than the English Romantic poet, Lord Byron (1788–1824), who was born on January 22, 1788, Arthur Schopenhauer came into the world on February 22, 1788 in Danzig [Gdansk, Poland] — a city that had a long history in international trade as a member of the Hanseatic League. -
The Passive Personality Principle
The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law CUA Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions Faculty Scholarship 1993 The Passive Personality Principle Geoffrey R. Watson The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Geoffrey R. Watson, The Passive Personality Principle, 28 TEX. INT’L L. J. 1 (1993). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions by an authorized administrator of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES The Passive Personality Principle GEOFFREY R. WATSONt SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION ..................................... 2 Ii. THE EVOLUTION OF PASSIVE PERSONALITY JURISDICTION IN UNITED STATES PRACTICE ............................ 4 III. PASSIVE PERSONALITY JURISDICTION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW . 14 A. Intrusion on Sovereignty .......................... 15 B. Fairness to the Defendant ......................... 22 C. Evidentiary and Logistical Objections to Passive Personality Jurisdiction ................................... 25 IV. PASSIVE PERSONALITY JURISDICTION IN UNITED STATES LAW... 30 A. Passive PersonalityJurisdiction and the Constitution ...... 30 B. Implementation of Passive PersonalityJurisdiction ........ 34 V. RETHINKING THE JURISPRUDENCE OF JURISDICTION: A SYSTEMIC APPROACH ....................................... 38 VI. CONCLUSION ..................................... 45 t Assistant Professor of Law, University of Puget Sound School of Law, B.A., Yale University, 1982; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1986; Attorney-Adviser, Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. Dept. of State, 1987-91. TEXAS INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 28:1 I. INTRODUCTION The relationship between state and citizen is a central problem of international law. -
Changes to the Standard to Implement the Safer Choice Label (Pdf)
Changes to the Standard to Implement the Safer Choice Label 2/10/15 Implementation of a New Label for the DfE Safer Product Labeling Program and Supporting Modifications to the DfE Standard for Safer Products, now to be known as the “Safer Choice Standard,” including the Designation of a Fragrance-Free Label This document explains several important changes to EPA’s Safer Product Labeling Program (SPLP), as well as a number of conforming changes to the program’s Standard for Safer Products, including: a new label1 and name for the EPA SPLP; an associated fragrance-free label; and related changes to the standard that qualifies products for the label. With this document EPA is finalizing the new label for immediate use. While effective immediately, the Agency is requesting comment on the other changes described in this document, including a new, optional fragrance-free certification. Redesigned Label The EPA Design for the Environment (DfE) Safer Product Labeling Program has redesigned its label to better communicate the program’s human health and environmental protection goals, increase consumer and institutional/industrial purchaser understanding and recognition of products bearing the label, and encourage innovation and the development of safer chemicals and chemical-based products. The label’s new name “Safer Choice,” with the accompanying wording (or “tagline”) “Meets U.S. EPA Safer Product Standards” (which is part of the label), and design were developed over many months based on input and feedback from a diverse set of stakeholders and the general public. This input and feedback included more than 1700 comments on EPA’s website, six consumer focus group sessions in three geographic markets, and a national online survey. -
Existentialism
TOPIC FOR- SEM- III ( PHIL-CC 10) CONTEMPORARY WESTERN PHILOSOPHY BY- DR. VIJETA SINGH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR P.G. DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY PATNA UNIVERSITY Existentialism Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. It is the view that humans define their own meaning in life, and try to make rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe. This philosophical theory propounds that people are free agents who have control over their choices and actions. Existentialists believe that society should not restrict an individual's life or actions and that these restrictions inhibit free will and the development of that person's potential. History 1 Existentialism originated with the 19th Century philosopher Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, but they did not use the term (existentialism) in their work. In the 1940s and 1950s, French existentialists such as Jean- Paul Sartre , Albert Camus and Simone de Beauvoir wrote scholarly and fictional works that popularized existential themes, such as dread, boredom, alienation, the absurd, freedom, commitment and nothingness. The first existentialist philosopher who adopted the term as a self-description was Sartre. Existentialism as a distinct philosophical and literary movement belongs to the 19th and 20th centuries, but elements of existentialism can be found in the thought (and life) of Socrates, in the Bible, and in the work of many pre-modern philosophers and writers. Noted Existentialists: Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) Nationality Denmark Friedrich Nietzsche(1844-1900) Nationality Germany Paul Tillich(1886-1965) Nati…United States, Germany Martin Heidegger ( 1889-1976) Nati…Germany Simone de Beauvior(1908-1986) Nati…France Albert Camus (1913-1960) Nati….France Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980) Nati….France 2 What does it mean to exist ? To have reason. -
SPINOZA's ETHICS: FREEDOM and DETERMINISM by Alfredo Lucero
SPINOZA’S ETHICS: FREEDOM AND DETERMINISM by Alfredo Lucero-Montaño 1. What remains alive of a philosopher's thought are the realities that concern him, the problems that he addresses, as well as the questions that he poses. The breath and depth of a philosopher's thought is what continues to excite and incite today. However, his answers are limited to his time and circumstances, and these are subject to the historical evolution of thought, yet his principal commitments are based on the problems and questions with which he is concerned. And this is what resounds of a philosopher's thought, which we can theoretically and practically adopt and adapt. Spinoza is immersed in a time of reforms, and he is a revolutionary and a reformer himself. The reforming trend in modern philosophy is expressed in an eminent way by Descartes' philosophy. Descartes, the great restorer of science and metaphysics, had left unfinished the task of a new foundation of ethics. Spinoza was thus faced with this enterprise. But he couldn't carry it out without the conviction of the importance of the ethical problems or that ethics is involved in a fundamental aspect of existence: the moral destiny of man. Spinoza's Ethics[1] is based on a theory of man or, more precisely, on an ontology of man. Ethics is, for him, ontology. He does not approach the problems of morality — the nature of good and evil, why and wherefore of human life — if it is not on the basis of a conception of man's being-in-itself, to wit, that the moral existence of man can only be explained by its own condition. -
Does Choice Mean Freedom and Well-Being?
Swarthmore College Works Psychology Faculty Works Psychology 8-1-2010 Does Choice Mean Freedom And Well-Being? H. R. Markus Barry Schwartz Swarthmore College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-psychology Part of the Psychology Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation H. R. Markus and Barry Schwartz. (2010). "Does Choice Mean Freedom And Well-Being?". Journal Of Consumer Research. Volume 37, Issue 2. 344-355. DOI: 10.1086/651242 . https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-psychology/5 This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychology Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Consumer Research, Inc. Does Choice Mean Freedom and Well‐Being? Author(s): Hazel Rose Markus and Barry Schwartz Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 37, No. 2 (August 2010), pp. 344-355 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/651242 . Accessed: 23/01/2012 20:55 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. -
Human Visual Motion Perception Shows Hallmarks of Bayesian Structural Inference Sichao Yang1,2,6*, Johannes Bill3,4,6*, Jan Drugowitsch3,5,7 & Samuel J
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Human visual motion perception shows hallmarks of Bayesian structural inference Sichao Yang1,2,6*, Johannes Bill3,4,6*, Jan Drugowitsch3,5,7 & Samuel J. Gershman4,5,7 Motion relations in visual scenes carry an abundance of behaviorally relevant information, but little is known about how humans identify the structure underlying a scene’s motion in the frst place. We studied the computations governing human motion structure identifcation in two psychophysics experiments and found that perception of motion relations showed hallmarks of Bayesian structural inference. At the heart of our research lies a tractable task design that enabled us to reveal the signatures of probabilistic reasoning about latent structure. We found that a choice model based on the task’s Bayesian ideal observer accurately matched many facets of human structural inference, including task performance, perceptual error patterns, single-trial responses, participant-specifc diferences, and subjective decision confdence—especially, when motion scenes were ambiguous and when object motion was hierarchically nested within other moving reference frames. Our work can guide future neuroscience experiments to reveal the neural mechanisms underlying higher-level visual motion perception. Motion relations in visual scenes are a rich source of information for our brains to make sense of our environ- ment. We group coherently fying birds together to form a fock, predict the future trajectory of cars from the trafc fow, and infer our own velocity from a high-dimensional stream of retinal input by decomposing self- motion and object motion in the scene. We refer to these relations between velocities as motion structure. -
Nietzsche's Naturalism As a Critique of Morality and Freedom
NIETZSCHE’S NATURALISM AS A CRITIQUE OF MORALITY AND FREEDOM A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Nathan W. Radcliffe December, 2012 Thesis written by Nathan W. Radcliffe B.S., University of Akron, 1998 M.A., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by Gene Pendleton____________________________________, Advisor David Odell‐Scott___________________________________, Chair, Department of Philosophy Raymond Craig_____________________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTERS I. NIETZSCHE’S NATURALISM AND ITS INFLUENCES....................................................... 8 1.1 Nietzsche’s Speculative‐Methodological Naturalism............................................ 8 1.2 Nietzsche’s Opposition to Materialism ............................................................... 15 1.3 The German Materialist Influence on Nietzsche................................................. 19 1.4 The Influence of Lange on Nietzsche .................................................................. 22 1.5 Nietzsche’s Break with Kant and Its Aftermath................................................... 25 1.6 Influences on Nietzsche’s Fatalism (Schopenhauer and Spinoza) -
The Termites' Dilemma
Originally published in EarthWatch. October-November 2002 The Termites’ Dilemma associate with a living thing: it can find Scott Turner its own food, it can digest it, it can reproduce. Identity is not so easily come by for a termite. Consider the termites that I study, the mound-building termites of southern Africa. A worker in a termite colony has no real identity. It cannot reproduce; it relies on the king and queen and a few fertile brothers and sisters for that. It cannot find food without the collective efforts of its nest-mates. It can gather food, but it cannot digest it; it relies on A termite queen surrounded by her sterile retinue special fungi they cultivate to do that. I had an epiphany a few years ago: I Even the impressive mounds these realized that there was no such thing as a termites build are, in a weird sense, termite. living structures, capturing winds to power the colony’s breathing, their My epiphany came while trying to architecture continually adjusted to meet decide whether organisms, like termites, the colony’s needs. In short, only the or mice, or cheetahs, are objects or colony, not the termites in it, can say actions? Most people, and this includes vivo ergo sum. most biologists, would be comfortable with organisms being objects, but if you think about it, that can’t be true. An organism seems objective only because it is a focal point for the work of being alive: a flow of matter and energy that we call metabolism. An organism becomes a thing only when that flow stops.