DOCSLIB.ORG

Data Validation for the 2006 Census of Agriculture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Data Validation for the 2006 Census of Agriculture Papers presented at the ICES-III, June 18-21, 2007, Montreal, Quebec, Canada DATA VALIDATION FOR THE 2006 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE Charlie Arcaro Statistics Canada, R.H. Coats Building 17th floor, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6 ABSTRACT corporate, operator and geographical information for existing farms on the Farm Register (FR). The Census of Agriculture (CEAG) is held every five years and collects information on farming practices, commodities and finances. This census is usually 2. CEAG PROCESS conducted at the same time as the Census of Population and is used in redesigning the major As with most surveys, the 2006 CEAG process begins Agricultural surveys and in updating the Farm with the collection of data. Most of the forms were Register. Data Validation is a major part of the data either dropped-off by the enumerator and mailed back quality assurance evaluation and is the most expensive by the respondent or completed via the Internet. Once component of the CEAG process. The validation the forms come back their data were scanned and process is done at both the macro and micro levels to checked for character recognition (ICR) errors. There ensure quality at the major geographical and small area was also extensive follow-up of non-responding farms levels as well as ensuring good sampling frames for the as well micro-level data editing and assignment of major survey collections. As users increasingly headquarter geography to each farm. Data imputation scrutinize CEAG data at finer geographical levels, it is proceeds these steps followed by data validation. Once looked at even more closely in the Validation Process. validation is complete the results are sent for There is also a need to maximize the efficiency for certification and finally to output and dissemination. validation resources during this long process. This paper provides an outline for the 2006 Data Validation process and presents some new methods that addressed the issues of resource management and improved data Table 2.1 2006 CEAG Process quality for lower levels of geography. Keywords Data Validation, Referential Sources, Collection Imputation; Census of Agriculture Data Scanning 1. INTRODUCTION The Census of Agriculture (CEAG) provides a five- Editing, Matching, yearly snapshot of Canadian Agriculture and collects a Follow up wide variety of farm commodity, financial and operator information. The 2006 CEAG was collected in conjunction with as the 2006 Canadian Census of Imputation Population to lower survey under-coverage and to locate missing CEAG farms. Between 2001 and 2006, the number of census farms and farm operators in Data Validation Canada continued their long-term decline. The 2006 CEAG counted 229,373 farms, which was down 17,550 (7.1%) from 2001. It also accounted for 327,060 farm - a decline of 19,140 (5.5%) from 2001. Output & Dissemination The CEAG is also used in redesigning many of the major Agricultural surveys at Statistics Canada. Most of these surveys use CEAG data in constructing their sampling frames as well as use auxiliary information as part of their estimation process. CEAG data is the main source of new farms as well as updates to 709 Papers presented at the ICES-III, June 18-21, 2007, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3. DATA VALIDATION 3.2 Validation Tools 3.1 Introduction A series of Data Validation tools is used to create a list of reports which are then analyzed by the respective Data Validation involves analyzing and correcting validation teams. These tools are located on the CEAG CEAG data by using a series of both aggregate and Central Processing System (CPS) which also keeps record level tables. These tables allow us to compare track of all validation reports generated. These reports the number of farms, totals and structural changes from provide information at both the farm and aggregate the last CEAG. We also compare to recent surveys record level including comparisons against the (Reference Sources) and see if there are any major previous CEAG and other Referential Sources. It’s discrepancies between them. Farms that contribute important to note that any tables reproduced in this significantly to the provincial totals are also scrutinized paper are either fictitious or from the 2004 CEAG Test. as well as the impacts of imputation and validation on our final data. 3.2.1 Comparison Tables As shown in table 2.1, Data Validation is performed after the imputation stage of the CEAG process but just Comparison Tables provide numbers that measure before the final output & dissemination. Data agricultural activity within a specific province and Validation is also the costliest part of the CEAG post- breaks them down to finer levels of geography. The collection process and involves analyzing and possibly tables provide data for the 2006 CEAG and 2001 changing data that looks “questionable”. This analysis CEAG as well as percentage of change for each is not only done for the current CEAG but also variable. Comparison tables are used to explain and compares record and aggregate level data with other justify any dramatic changes that make the data collections such as previous CEAGs and other “questionable”. In general, we assume that the agricultural surveys. For the 2006 CEAG, the numbers won’t change dramatically from one CEAG validation process was done for each province to the next, however can expect some commodities to separately beginning in September 2006 with the alter significantly and the Comparison Tables allow us Atlantic provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, to track and evaluate these differences. Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland) and ending in February 2007 with the province of Alberta. A series of macro and micro-level tools are used to 3.2.2 Impact of Processing Tables analyze the data. Aggregate data is analyzed at various geographic levels; from the province level down to the Impact of Processing (IP) Tables allow Data Validators Census Consolidated Subdivision (CCS), of which to assess the impact of changes made to CEAG data by there are approximately 2135 across Canada. This the imputation and validation processes. These tables lower level of data evaluation allows us to determine are only available at the provincial level and allow the quality of small area data, which is an important validators to locate any potential problems with both part of the validation process. Data at the finer the automated and manual imputation systems. IP geographical levels are expected to come under greater Tables also allow validators to monitor the impact of scrutiny from data users than ever before their own work on the final data to be released. There are two tables produced in an IP report: Senior validators prepare extensive plans for all variables to be analyzed based upon their field knowledge and their expectations before the Validation 1. Certification/Summary Report. This report lists all Process begins. These validators are responsible for a the report variables and provides data similar to number of variables on each questionnaire and are Comparison Tables as well as the effects of imputation usually the subject matter experts in that field. Their and validation on the 2006 CEAG data. tasks also include the supervision of junior validators and helping them with their tasks. 2. Detail Report. This report provides a detailed For the 2006 CEAG, efforts were made to make more breakdown of the changes in value for each variable in efficient use of financial and human resources. The the summary report. This not only measures the results from the new strategies developed in effects of imputation and validation on the 2006 determining farms to be validated will be given at the CEAG data but also which of these changes were end of this paper. positive and which were negative. 710 Papers presented at the ICES-III, June 18-21, 2007, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3.2.3 Top Contributor Tables Each report has two parts – a summary list of all operations, with a few variables, and an expanded Top Contributor (TC) Tables are used to display record section that provides more information. Match level farms that have the largest values for the main Reports allow access to farm records in order to variable being considered. The tables also contain the identify those operations that account for significant farms’ impacts upon the provincial estimate and their differences for specific variables. pre-imputed values. The values are usually displayed in descending order however the option is available to see records that have the smallest non-zero 3.2.5 Distribution Tables contributors in ascending order (bottom contributors). TC tables are only available at the provincial level. Distribution Tables (DT) present data for specific variables sorted into meaningful classes (e.g., Similar to the IP tables, Top Contributor Tables are distributions by farm type). Depending on the table presented in two forms: they can provide frequency counts, percent changes and other valuable information. Most DT tables 1. Summary Report, which contains one record per compare current and past census data. These reports row in order by rank. are the Data Validation tool of choice for the analysis of tick-box variables but nevertheless are useful for 2. Detailed Report, which is the same as a Summary some numeric variables as well. Report with the addition of administrative data. There are three main DT variations: By default, the top 100 farms for a given variable are investigated in the validation process with the added 1. Operator Tables. These tables cover all operators at functionality to investigate Bottom Contributors. detailed levels of geography. These tables include Bottom Contributors generally affect greenhouse information such as number of operators resident on variables and mushrooms as these variables are their operations, age and sex distributions, hours per required in square feet or square meters.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geographical Links Between Paid and Unpaid Work for Transnational Care Workers in Toronto’S Suburbs
    FINDING HOME: GEOGRAPHICAL LINKS BETWEEN PAID AND UNPAID WORK FOR TRANSNATIONAL CARE WORKERS IN TORONTO’S SUBURBS SILVIA D’ADDARIO A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN GEOGRAPHY YORK UNIVERSITY, TORONTO, ONTARIO SEPTEMBER, 2012 © SILVIA D’ADDARIO, 2012 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92812-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-92812-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 23 April 2010 English
    United Nations ECE/CES/GE.41/2010/6 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 23 April 2010 English Original: French Economic Commission for Europe Conference of European Statisticians Group of Experts on Population and Housing Censuses Thirteenth Meeting Geneva, 7–9 July 2010 Provisional agenda item 3 Plans for census quality evaluation Quality Assurance Programme of the 2011 Canadian Census of Population Note by Statistics Canada Summary This article outlines the quality assurance programme of the 2011 Canadian Census of Population and gives an overview of the main changes introduced for the 2011 Census. Conducted every five years, the Canadian Census of Population is a major undertaking whose planning and implementation spans a period of over eight years. The census is unique because it is the only source of detailed socio-economic and demographic data on small geographical areas including neighbourhoods and communities. In order to ensure that the population and dwelling counts and the data on the characteristics of the population and dwellings are of sufficiently high quality, a diversified quality assurance programme has been developed over the last few censuses. During these censuses, changes and additions were made to the quality assurance programme in the light of operational, technological and methodological changes as well as a changing reality. GE.10-22128 (E) 110510 140510 ECE/CES/GE.41/2010/6 1. At its meeting in Washington, D.C. (United States) on 19 and 20 October 2006, the Bureau of the Conference of European Statisticians (CES) adopted the renewed terms of reference of the Steering Group on Population and Housing Censuses and the plan of future CES activities in the field of population and housing censuses.
    [Show full text]
  • Census Coverage Studies in Canada: a History with Emphasis on the 2011 Census
    Section on Survey Research Methods – JSM 2010 Census Coverage Studies in Canada: A History with Emphasis on the 2011 Census David Dolson Statistics Canada, 100 Tunney’s Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0T6 Abstract For Canada’s 2011 Census of Population, Statistics Canada will again use the Reverse Record Check methodology for estimating undercoverage. Estimates are based upon classification of a sample of persons who “should” be enumerated as being in-scope enumerated, in-scope missed or out-of-scope. Overcoverage will be estimated using the Census Overcoverage Study, first implemented in 2006. This methodology is based upon matching the census database to itself using administrative records to aid in confirming the validity of matching pairs of enumerations. This paper will trace the history of census coverage studies in Canada, primarily focusing on the period since 1961 when the Reverse Record Check was first implemented. Emphasis will be placed on plans for 2011, outlining the methodology of each study and highlighting important changes from the 2006 coverage studies. Keywords: Reverse Record Check, Record Linkage 1. Introduction The first census in Canada including a formal coverage measurement program was that in 1961; undercoverage was estimated using the Reverse Record Check (RRC) methodology. This paper will first give a description of coverage measurement fundamentals and concepts as applied in Canada. The next section will review the methodology of the 1961 RRC and trace major developments in the coverage studies program over the following 45 years. The last section will provide a detailed description of plans for 2011 including the Dwelling Classification Survey, the RRC and the Census Overcoverage Study.
    [Show full text]
  • In Recent Decades, Canada's Population Has Rapidly Become
    2010 PAA Conference, Texas The increasing ethnocultural diversity among the Canadian-born population: results from DemoSim, a population projection model using micro-simulation AUTHORS : André Lebel, Éric Caron Malenfant and Laurent Martel (Statistics Canada) In recent decades, the ethnocultural diversity of the Canadian population has increased under the effect of sustained immigration levels from non-European countries. The proportion of persons belonging to visible minority groups 1, of non-Christian religions or of mother tongue neither English nor French has risen, especially in large urban centres such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Ethnocultural diversity first increased rapidly among the foreign- born population of Canada and it is now increasing rapidly among the second generation of Canadians, that is persons born in Canada with at least one parent born outside the country, as well as in the third (or more) generation, that is people born in Canada with both parents born in Canada. Based upon projections using a unique micro-simulation model, this paper focuses on these changes, distinguishing different generations of Canadians and showing the complex ethno cultural mosaic of the Canadian population by 2031. The paper will be divided in two parts. The first part will give a general overview of Statistics Canada’s population projection micro-simulation model. The second part will consist of a detailed analysis of the ethnocultural diversity among the Canadian-born population. The rapid changes in the ethnocultural diversity of the Canadian population have various public policy implications. In 2004, Statistics Canada was originally commissioned by a federal department responsible for multiculturalism policies to project the evolution of visible minority groups, major linguistic groups, immigrants and religious denomination groups up to 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Census Snapshot of Canada – Families
    Census Snapshot of Canada – Families Pre-Reading 1 Work in a group and discuss the following questions. 1. How do you define “family”? 2. Describe trends you think are happening in Canada or worldwide in the structure of families. 3. What factors do you think contribute to these trends? 4. Every five years, Statistics Canada collects information about Canada’s population (through the census) and makes the information public. What are the benefits and potential uses of this information? 2 Read the statements below about Canadian families. Decide whether or not you think they are true. Then read the following article and check your answers. 1. Most families include couples that are married. TF 2. The number of common-law couples is increasing. TF 3. About half of all families are headed by a single parent. TF 4. Single-parent (also called lone-parent) families headed by women are among the poorest in Canada. TF 5. The number of single parent families headed by men is increasing. TF 6. A large percentage of people in Canada live alone. TF 7. The number of young adults living at home is increasing. TF 8. In Canada, there are more couples with children than without children. TF 9. Same-sex marriage is legal in Canada. TF 10. The number of same-sex couples is decreasing. TF Reading CENSUS SNAPSHOT OF CANADA – FAMILIES Data from the 2006 Census indicate that the large majority (84%) of the population still live in census families composed of a married or common-law couple with or without children, or a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling.
    [Show full text]
  • Age at Migration, Language and Fertility Patterns Among Migrants to Canada
    IZA DP No. 5552 Age at Migration, Language and Fertility Patterns among Migrants to Canada Alicia Adsera Ana Ferrer March 2011 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Age at Migration, Language and Fertility Patterns among Migrants to Canada Alicia Adsera Princeton University and IZA Ana Ferrer University of Calgary Discussion Paper No. 5552 March 2011 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA Discussion Paper No.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Human Capital and the Earnings Gap Between Immigrants and ଝ Canadian-Born Workers
    Labour Economics 41 (2016) 104–119 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Labour Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/labeco Foreign human capital and the earnings gap between immigrants and ଝ Canadian-born workers Nicole Fortin a, Thomas Lemieux a, Javier Torresb,* aVancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, 6000 Iona Drive, Vancouver, BC V6T 1L4, Canada bDepartment of Economics, Universidad del Pacífico, Av Salaverry 2020, Lima11, Peru HIGHLIGHTS • More than half of young adult immigrants obtain their highest degree in Canada. • Imputation method underestimates Canadian education for young adult immigrants. • Country of highest education degree is the most important for immigrant earnings. • Actual location of study reduces wage penalties associated with countries of birth. • Portability of foreign human capital is heterogeneous across fields of study. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: We use new information on the location of study of immigrants available in the 2006 Canadian Census to Received 7 September 2015 estimate returns to Canadian and foreign human capital. We find that controlling for the source of human Received in revised form 21 May 2016 capital (Canadian versus foreign) helps account for a large share of the immigrant/native-born wage gap. We Accepted 24 May 2016 show that commonly-used imputation procedures (e.g. Friedberg, 2000) that assign domestic and foreign Available online 31 May 2016 education based on age at arrival tend to overestimate the returns to foreign education and underestimate the returns to foreign work experience. We also find that the immigrant/native-born wage gap is highly het- JEL classification: erogeneous across places of birth even after including location of study fixed effects, although this inclusion J15 markedly reduces the negative country of origin effects for countries like China, Pakistan, and India.
    [Show full text]
  • “Canadian Exceptionalism” in Immigration and Pluralism Policy
    UNDERSTANDING “CANADIAN EXCEPTIONALISM” IN IMMIGRATION AND PLURALISM POLICY By Irene Bloemraad TRANSATLANTIC COUNCIL ON MIGRATION UNDERSTANDING “CANADIAN EXCEPTIONALISM” IN IMMIGRATION AND PLURALISM POLICY Irene Bloemraad University of California, Berkeley July 2012 Acknowledgments This research was commissioned by the Transatlan- tic Council on Migration, an initiative of the Migra- tion Policy Institute (MPI), for its seventh plenary meeting, held November 2011 in Berlin. The meet- ing’s theme was “National Identity, Immigration, and Social Cohesion: (Re)building Community in an Ever-Globalizing World” and this paper was one of the reports that informed the Council’s discussions. The Council, an MPI initiative undertaken in co- operation with its policy partner the Bertelsmann Stiftung, is a unique deliberative body that examines vital policy issues and informs migration policymak- ing processes in North America and Europe. The Council’s work is generously supported by the following foundations and governments: Carnegie Corporation of New York, Open Society Founda- tions, Bertelsmann Stiftung, the Barrow Cadbury Trust (UK Policy Partner), the Luso-American Development Foundation, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, and the governments of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. For more on the Transatlantic Council on Migration, please visit: www.migrationpolicy.org/transatlantic. © 2012 Migration Policy Institute. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or trans- mitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechani- cal, including photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Migration Policy Institute. A full-text PDF of this document is avail- able for free download from www.migrationpolicy.org. Information for reproducing excerpts from this report can be found at www.migrationpolicy.org/about/copy.php.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf/82-003-S2002005-Eng.Pdf (Accessed 2010 Feb
    CMAJ Research Age- and sex-related prevalence of diabetes mellitus among immigrants to Ontario, Canada Maria Isabella Creatore MSc, Rahim Moineddin PhD, Gillian Booth MD MSc, Doug H. Manuel MD, Marie DesMeules MSc, Sarah McDermott MSc, Richard H. Glazier MD MPH Previously published at www.cmaj.ca Abstract viduals immigrate to Canada annually, the largest percent- ages from Asia, Africa and the Middle East.4 Background: The majority of immigrants to Canada origi- Beyond conventional risk factors for diabetes such as age nate from the developing world, where the most rapid and obesity, risk does not appear to be evenly distributed increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus is occurring. We across ethnic groups. Apart from evidence that prevalence of undertook a population-based study involving immigrants diabetes is higher among persons of non-European ethnicity5–14 to Ontario, Canada, to evaluate the distribution of risk for (who comprise the vast majority of immigrants to Canada), diabetes in this population. little is known about the epidemiology of diabetes among Methods: We used linked administrative health and immi- immigrants to Western countries. In ethnically and culturally gration records to calculate age-specific and age-adjusted heterogeneous countries like Canada, programs for preven- prevalence rates among men and women aged 20 years or tion and control of diabetes could benefit from a greater older in 2005. We compared rates among 1 122 771 immi- understanding of the distribution of risk among different eth- grants to Ontario by country and region of birth to rates among long-term residents of the province. We used logis- nic groups and newcomers from various regions of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Population-Based Measures of Urban Inuit Health Determinants, Health Status, and Health Care Access
    Canadian Journal of Public Health (2018) 109:662–670 https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0111-0 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Our health counts: population-based measures of urban Inuit health determinants, health status, and health care access Janet Smylie1,2,3 & Michelle Firestone1,3 & Michael W. Spiller4 & Tungasuvvingat Inuit5 Received: 22 January 2018 /Accepted: 3 July 2018 /Published online: 9 October 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Objective Health determinants and outcomes are not well described for the growing population of Inuit living in southern urban areas of Canada despite known and striking health disparities for Inuit living in the north. The objective of this study was to work in partnership with Tungasuvvingat Inuit (TI) to develop population prevalence estimates for key indicators of health, including health determinants, health status outcomes, and health services access for Inuit in Ottawa, Canada. Methods We employed community-based respondent driven sampling (RDS) and a comprehensive health assessment survey to collect primary data regarding health determinants, status, and service access. We then linked with datasets held by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), including hospitalization, emergency room, and health screening records. Adjusted population-based prevalence estimates and rates were calculated using custom RDS software. Results We recruited 341 Inuit adults living in Ottawa. The number of Inuit living, working or accessing health and social services in the City of Ottawa was estimated to be 3361 (95% CI 2309–4959). This population experiences high rates of poverty, unemployment, household crowding, and food insecurity. Prevalence of hypertension (25%; 95% CI 18.1–33.9), chronic ob- structive pulmonary disease (6.7%; 95% CI 3.1–10.6), cancer (6.8%; 95% CI 2.7–11.9), and rates of emergency room access were elevated for Inuit in Ottawa compared to the general population.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Health Care in Canada
    Research Ecology of health care in Canada Moira Stewart PhD Bridget Ryan MSc PhD Abstract Objective To provide a population-based, Canada-wide picture of health care needs and health care use, and present it in a highly accessible manner, allowing provincial comparisons and comparisons with other international jurisdictions. Design A comparison of the rates of health care use among jurisdictions, using Canadian-population survey data and health administrative data. Setting Provincial jurisdictions across Canada. Main outcome measures Canadian and provincial rates of ill health (presence of chronic conditions) and health care use (contacts with family physicians, contacts with other specialist physicians, contacts with nurses, and hospitalizations) as monthly rates per 1000 population standardized by age and sex. Results The monthly rate per 1000 population of having at least 1 chronic condition ranged from 524 in Quebec to 638 in Nova Scotia; contacts with family physicians ranged from 158 in EDITor’s kEY POINTS Quebec to 295 in British Columbia; contacts with other physician • This study provides a Canadian synthesis of health care use at a population level comparing specialists ranged from 53 in Saskatchewan to 79 in Ontario; and provincial jurisdictions. Data were primarily contacts with nurses ranged from 23 in British Columbia to 41 in self-reported, identically measured across Quebec. Hospital stays ranged from 8 to 11 per 1000 people, and provinces, and adjusted by age and sex. rates were similar among the provinces. • The key differences among the provinces were Conclusion Recognizing the differences among jurisdictions as follows: use of family physicians was highest is critical to informing health care policy across the country.
    [Show full text]
  • A Geographical Analysis of Census Data Isabel Ritchie
    Ryerson University Digital Commons @ Ryerson Geography Publications and Research Geography 10-1-2011 Toronto’s Little ndiI a in Residential Context: A Geographical Analysis of Census Data Isabel Ritchie Harald Bauder [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.ryerson.ca/geography Part of the Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations Commons, Human Geography Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Ritchie, Isabel and Bauder, Harald, "Toronto’s Little ndI ia in Residential Context: A Geographical Analysis of Census Data" (2011). Geography Publications and Research. Paper 35. http://digitalcommons.ryerson.ca/geography/35 This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Geography at Digital Commons @ Ryerson. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ryerson. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Toronto’s Little India in Residential Context A Geographical Analysis of Census Data Isabel Ritchie & Harald Bauder Toronto’s Little India in Residential Context Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]