ROALD AMUNDSEN the Viewing Area in the Extra-High Bow Is Enclosed with Toughened Glass
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Ice Shelf Advance and Retreat Rates Along the Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica K
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 106, NO. C4, PAGES 7097–7106, APRIL 15, 2001 Ice shelf advance and retreat rates along the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica K. T. Kim,1 K. C. Jezek,2 and H. G. Sohn3 Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Abstract. We mapped ice shelf margins along the Queen Maud Land coast, Antarctica, in a study of ice shelf margin variability over time. Our objective was to determine the behavior of ice shelves at similar latitudes but different longitudes relative to ice shelves that are dramatically retreating along the Antarctic Peninsula, possibly in response to changing global climate. We measured coastline positions from 1963 satellite reconnaissance photography and 1997 RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar image data for comparison with coastlines inferred by other researchers who used Landsat data from the mid-1970s. We show that these ice shelves lost ϳ6.8% of their total area between 1963 and 1997. Most of the areal reduction occurred between 1963 and the mid-1970s. Since then, ice margin positions have stabilized or even readvanced. We conclude that these ice shelves are in a near-equilibrium state with the coastal environment. 1. Introduction summer 0Њ isotherm [Tolstikov, 1966, p. 76; King and Turner, 1997, p. 141]. Following Mercer’s hypothesis, we might expect Ice shelves are vast slabs of glacier ice floating on the coastal these ice shelves to be relatively stable at the present time. ocean surrounding Antarctica. They are a continuation of the Following the approach of other investigators [Rott et al., ice sheet and form, in part, as glacier ice flowing from the 1996; Ferrigno et al., 1998; Skvarca et al., 1999], we compare the interior ice sheet spreads across the ocean surface and away position of ice shelf margins and grounding lines derived from from the coast. -
Educator's Guide
SOUTH POLE Amundsen’s Route Scott’s Route Roald Amundsen EDUCATOR’S GUIDE amnh.org/education/race Robert Falcon Scott INSIDE: • Suggestions to Help You Come Prepared • Essential Questions for Student Inquiry • Strategies for Teaching in the Exhibition • Map of the Exhibition • Online Resources for the Classroom • Correlation to Standards • Glossary ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Who would be fi rst to set foot at the South Pole, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen or British Naval offi cer Robert Falcon Scott? Tracing their heroic journeys, this exhibition portrays the harsh environment and scientifi c importance of the last continent to be explored. Use the Essential Questions below to connect the exhibition’s themes to your curriculum. What do explorers need to survive during What is Antarctica? Antarctica is Earth’s southernmost continent. About the size of the polar expeditions? United States and Mexico combined, it’s almost entirely covered Exploring Antarc- by a thick ice sheet that gives it the highest average elevation of tica involved great any continent. This ice sheet contains 90% of the world’s land ice, danger and un- which represents 70% of its fresh water. Antarctica is the coldest imaginable physical place on Earth, and an encircling polar ocean current keeps it hardship. Hazards that way. Winds blowing out of the continent’s core can reach included snow over 320 kilometers per hour (200 mph), making it the windiest. blindness, malnu- Since most of Antarctica receives no precipitation at all, it’s also trition, frostbite, the driest place on Earth. Its landforms include high plateaus and crevasses, and active volcanoes. -
Annual Report 2019
ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Hurtigruten Group AS c/o Hurtigruten AS, Storgata 70, P.O. Box 6144 Langnes, 9291 Tromsø, Norway Booking: +47 810 30 000, Switchboard: +47 970 57 030 Business register number: NO 914 148 324 VAT Hurtigruten Group AS – Group Directors’ Report 2019 Hurtigruten – Leading premium expedition travel company The Hurtigruten Group, through its brand Hurtigruten, is the leading expedition travel company focusing on sustainable expedition cruising. With a fleet of 16 custom-built expedition cruise vessels including the world’s two first hybrid-powered expedition cruise ships delivered in 2019, Hurtigruten is the world’s largest expedition cruise company. It offers a unique gateway to experiences in the Alaska, South America, Arctic, Antarctica, along the Norwegian coast and to other unique destinations to travellers from all over the world. Hurtigruten’s operation builds on a rich and proud Norwegian Expedition Cruises heritage offering the first voyages to Svalbard as early as 1896 and having offered cruises along the Norwegian coast for 126 years. Today, Hurtigruten combines a deeply-rooted desire to offer genuine experiences with world leading experts and the best local food and beverages while leaving a smaller footprint as it shapes the future of the growing adventure travel and expedition cruise market. Along the Norwegian coast, Hurtigruten offers the classic Hurtigruten round trip between Bergen and Kirkenes, often referred to as “The world’s most beautiful voyage”. During the 11-day voyage, guests enjoy the spectacular scenery and highlights such as the Northern Lights or the Midnight Sun. Including Bergen and Kirkenes, the ships call at 34 ports, allowing guests to experience local sights, culture and a large number of active and immersive excursions. -
Supplementary File For: Blix A.S. 2016. on Roald Amundsen's Scientific Achievements. Polar Research 35. Correspondence: AAB Bu
Supplementary file for: Blix A.S. 2016. On Roald Amundsen’s scientific achievements. Polar Research 35. Correspondence: AAB Building, Institute of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Selected publications from the Gjøa expedition not cited in the text Geelmuyden H. 1932. Astronomy. The scientific results of the Norwegian Arctic expedition in the Gjøa 1903-1906. Geofysiske Publikasjoner 6(2), 23-27. Graarud A. 1932. Meteorology. The scientific results of the Norwegian Arctic expedition in the Gjøa 1903-1906. Geofysiske Publikasjoner 6(3), 31-131. Graarud A. & Russeltvedt N. 1926. Die Erdmagnetischen Beobachtungen der Gjöa-Expedition 1903- 1906. (Geomagnetic observations of the Gjøa expedition, 1903-06.) The scientific results of the Norwegian Arctic expedition in the Gjøa 1903-1906. Geofysiske Publikasjoner 3(8), 3-14. Holtedahl O. 1912. On some Ordovician fossils from Boothia Felix and King William Land, collected during the Norwegian expedition of the Gjøa, Captain Amundsen, through the North- west Passage. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter 1, Matematisk–Naturvidenskabelig Klasse 9. Kristiania (Oslo): Jacob Dybwad. Lind J. 1910. Fungi (Micromycetes) collected in Arctic North America (King William Land, King Point and Herschell Isl.) by the Gjöa expedition under Captain Roald Amundsen 1904-1906. Videnskabs-Selskabets Skrifter 1. Mathematisk–Naturvidenskabelig Klasse 9. Christiania (Oslo): Jacob Dybwad. Lynge B. 1921. Lichens from the Gjøa expedition. Videnskabs-Selskabets Skrifter 1. Mathematisk– Naturvidenskabelig Klasse 15. Christiania (Oslo): Jacob Dybwad. Ostenfeld C.H. 1910. Vascular plants collected in Arctic North America (King William Land, King Point and Herschell Isl.) by the Gjöa expedition under Captain Roald Amundsen 1904-1906. -
MS ROALD AMUNDSEN Voyage Handbook
MS ROALD AMUNDSEN voyage handbook MS ROALD AMUNDSEN VOYAGE HANDBOOK 20192020 1 Dear Adventurer 2 Dear adventurer, Europe 4 Congratulations on booking make your voyage even more an extraordinary cruise on enjoyable. Norway 6 board our extraordinary new vessel, MS Roald Amundsen. This handbook includes in- formation on your chosen Svalbard 8 The ship’s namesake, Norwe- destination, as well as other gian explorer Roald Amund- destinations this ship visits Greenland 12 sen’s success as an explorer is during the 2019-2020 sailing often explained by his thor- season. We hope you will nd The Northwest Passage 16 ough preparations before this information inspiring. departure. He once said “vic- Contents tory awaits him who has every- We promise you an amazing Alaska 18 thing in order.” Being true to adventure! Amund sen’s heritage of good South America 20 planning, we encourage you to Welcome aboard for the ad- read this handbook. venture of a lifetime! Antarctica 24 It will provide you with good Your Hurtigruten Team Protecting the Antarctic advice, historical context, Environment from Invasive 28 practical information, and in- Species spiring information that will Environmental Commitment 30 Important Information 32 Frequently Asked Questions 33 Practical Information 34 Before and After Your Voyage Life on Board 38 MS Roald Amundsen Pack Like an Explorer 44 Our Team on Board 46 Landing by Small Boats 48 Important Phone Numbers 49 Maritime Expressions 49 MS Roald Amundsen 50 Deck Plan 2 3 COVER FRONT PHOTO: © HURTIGRUTEN © GREGORY SMITH HURTIGRUTEN SMITH GREGORY © COVER BACK PHOTO: © ESPEN MILLS HURTIGRUTEN CLIMATE Europe lies mainly lands and new trading routes. -
INAUGURAL SEASON 2020-2021 Antarctica | Greenland & Iceland
EXPEDITION CRUISES INAUGURAL SEASON 2020-2021 Antarctica | Svalbard | Greenland & Iceland | Norway & Russia | Northwest Passage | North, Central & South America | Europe new Alaska & Canada Content 2020-21 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– We take you far beyond the ordinary 6-7 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Our Expedition Fleet 8-9 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– The future is green 10-11 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Antarctica 12-15 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Greenland & Iceland 16-19 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Russia 19 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Svalbard 20-23 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Norway 24-25 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Northwest Passage 26-27 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Alaska & Canada 28-29 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– North & Central America 30 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– South America 31 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Europe 32 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Extend your stay 32-33 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Terms and conditions 34-37 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2 “Ever since Hurtigruten started sailing polar waters back in 1893, we have been on a constant look out for new worlds to explore.” © HURTIGRUTEN Hurtigruten is an exploration company in the truest sense of the word; our mission is to bring adventurers to remote natural beauty around the world. Our experience in the feld is unparalleled, and we draw on our unique -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2020 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2020 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 7 April 2021 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 starting in the Pacific Ocean to reach the Atlantic Oceam, but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 319 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2020 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (marked ‘cp’). -
Annual Report 2018
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Hurtigruten Group AS c/o Hurtigruten AS, Fredrik Langes gate 14, P.O. Box 6144 Langnes, 9291 Tromsø, Norway Booking: +47 810 30 000, Switchboard: +47 970 57 030 Business register number: NO 914 148 324 VAT Hurtigruten Group AS – Group Directors’ Report 2018 Hurtigruten - world leader in exploration travel The Hurtigruten Group, through its brand Hurtigruten, is the world leader in expedition travel. With a fleet of 14 custom-built expedition cruise vessels – and the world’s two first hybrid-powered expedition cruise ships under construction – Hurtigruten is the world’s largest expedition cruise company. It offers a unique gateway to experiences in the Arctic, Antarctica, along the Norwegian coast and to other unique destinations to travellers from all over the world. Hurtigruten’s operation builds on a rich and proud Norwegian Expedition Cruises heritage, having connected the many coastal communities in Norway for 125 years, offering the first voyages to Svalbard as early as 1896. Today, Hurtigruten combines a deeply-rooted desire to offer genuine experiences while leaving a smaller footprint as it shapes the future of the growing adventure travel and expedition cruise market. Along the Norwegian coast, Hurtigruten offers the classic Hurtigruten round trip between Bergen and Kirkenes, often referred to as “The world’s most beautiful voyage”. During the 11-day voyage, guests enjoy the spectacular scenery and highlights such as the Northern Lights or the Midnight Sun. Including Bergen and Kirkenes, the ships call at 34 ports, allowing guests to experience local sights, culture and a rapidly growing number of active excursions. -
Searching for HMS Terror
ARTICLE KNOWLEDGE GAINED IN THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN Searching for HMS Terror “We know where the target is not located” is the only guaranteed result of any search expedition. This statement does not make for exciting headlines, however, the value of knowledge gained during the search itself and its many benefits to a variety of end-users, cannot be easily dismissed. The 2015 Franklin Expedition search coordinated by Parks Canada was the continuing multi-year, multi-partner effort that saw the discovery of HMS Erebus in September of 2014. In this article we will discuss the knowledge gained and multiple uses of the data collected toward our conclusion of verifying where HMS Terror is not located. In 1845, Captain Sir John Franklin led an ill-fated expedition to find the final elusive link in the Northwest Passage through what is now the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Supplied for three years, HMS Erebus (Figure 1) and HMS Terror sailed from England outfitted with innovative auxiliary steam engines, coal-fired heating systems, and all manner of internal and external hull reinforcement to better withstand the ice -- including bows sheathed in iron hull plating. Given the experience of Franklin, his hand-picked crew, and the well- equipped ships he commanded, few anticipated the tragedy and ensuing searches that continue to this day. Many motivating factors have contributed to the launch of the searches for the ‘Lost Expedition’. Initially it was a rescue mission, and then a recovery mission, when all hope for any survivors was lost. Modern day searches coordinated and funded by the Government of Canada are motivated not only by the important history the lost expedition represents, but the added substantiation to Canada’s sovereignty claim to the Arctic. -
Sail from Dover DAY 9 | Romsdalsmuseet, One of Finnsnes / Senja Norway’S Largest Folk Museums
Return address Hurtigruten Ltd, Unit 1a, Commonwealth Buildings, Woolwich Church Street, SE18 5NS <T><F><S> <COMPANY> <ADDR1> <ADDR2> <ADDR3> <ADDR4> <ADDR5> <ADDR6> <ADDR7> Cust. ref.:<ACCOUNT_ID> <TOWN> <COUNTY> <Job ref>/<Cell>/<Seq. No> <ZIP> <SSC>/<Bag ID>/<Bag no.>/<MS brake> Notifi cation: We use your information in accordance with our Privacy Policy, updated June 2019. Please see www.hurtigruten.co.uk/practical-information/statement-of-privacy/ New expedition cruises 2021 | 2022 SAIL from save up to 20%* DOVER British Isles | Norway’s Northern Lights | Norway’s Arctic sunshine & Fjords | southern Scandinavia MS MAUD welcome For 127 years, Hurtigruten have been With our unique Science Center pioneers in expedition cruising, from as the beating heart of the ship, the rugged coastline of Norway and our expedition team serve as hosts, the Arctic islands, to the remote lecturers, instructors, companions continent of Antarctica. Our mission and guides as they bring to life is to deliver authentic adventures for breath-taking destinations. the naturally curious. Your health and safety is our I am thrilled to present our series top priority, and we constantly of NEW expedition cruises update our protocols and safety from Dover for 2021/22. Start guidelines, in consultation with your holiday without the stress of the Norwegian Government and a crowded airport, as we embark with local health authorities. from the beautiful cruise terminal Please book with confidence, in Dover, to discover hand-picked and for the latest information, gems on expertly-planned itineraries visit our website. visiting the British Isles, southern We can’t wait to welcome you Scandinavia and the stunning onboard MS Maud. -
Roald Amundsen - First Man to Reach Both North and South Poles
Roald Amundsen - first man to reach both North and South Poles Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) was born to a shipowning family near Fredrikstad, Norway on July 16, 1872. From an early age, he was fascinated with polar exploration. He joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897, serving as first mate on the ship Belgica. When the ship was beset in the ice off the Antarctic Peninsula, its crew became the first to spend a winter in the Antarctic. First person to transit the Northwest Passage In 1903, he led a seven-man crew on the small steel-hull sealing vessel Gjoa in an attempt to traverse the fabled Northwest Passage. They entered Baffin Bay and headed west. The vessel spent two winters off King William Island (at a location now called Gjoa Haven). After a third winter trapped in the ice, Amundsen was able to navigate a passage into the Beaufort Sea after which he cleared into the Bering Strait, thus having successfully navigated the Northwest Passage. Continuing to the south of Victoria Island, the ship cleared the Canadian Arctic Archipelago on 17 August 1905, but had to stop for the winter before going on to Nome on the Alaska District's Pacific coast.before arriving in Nome, Alaska in 1906. It was at this time that Amundsen received news that Norway had formally become independent of Sweden and had a new king. Amundsen sent the new King Haakon VII news that it "was a great achievement for Norway". He said he hoped to do more and signed it "Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen. -
9A6ce1ed32f80f94.Pdf
Hurtigruten Group The leading global expedition cruise operator experiences around the world to travelers who wish to explore and travel in a sustainable way. Hurtigruten Group will continue to be a frontrunner in adventure tourism and expedition cruising, a niche with substantial global growth potential. Hurtigruten Group is to reinforce its global position, differentiated from the rest of the cruise industry by authentic, sustainable and active experiences on both land and sea. Hurtigruten Group has three main business segments, Hurtigruten Norway branded as Hurtigruten in Scandinavia and Hurtigruten Norwegian Coastal Express in other markets, Hurtigruten Expeditions branded as Hurtigruten Expeditions in all markets Hurtigruten Destinations with the Hurtigruten Svalbard brand. Over the last years, the brands, Hurtigruten Expeditions, Hurtigruten Norwegian Coastal Express, and Hurtigruten Svalbard been able to fortify its position as the leading expedition cruise company focusing on sustainable expedition cruising for the global traveler. With a fleet of 16 custom- -powered expedition cruise ships delivered in 2019, Hurtigruten Group to generate profitable sustainable growth in all 3 business segments. This will be achieved through increasing capacity through construction of new vessels, operational initiatives to realize its substantial potential, expand and renew its customer base, and strengthen the product range. Hurtigruten Group believes its product offerings in Hurtigruten Expeditions, Hurtigruten Norway and Hurtigruten Destinations differs significantly from the offering of other Expedition cruise and adventure travel operators. The customer offering has been purposefully designed to reach a wide range of customer segments. Hurtigruten Group offers its guests the opportunity to get closer to nature in beautiful and remote areas in order to experience local wildlife, culture and activities with a minimal footprint.