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Copyrighted Material Index Numeral Additional-copyright-info, 254 3D audio, 59 Additional-identification-info, 314, 315 3D video, 70–80, 366–375 Additional view 3D video, 366–368 3D video displays, 71, 72 Adoption process of MPEG standards, 6, 7 active shutter glasses, 71 ADTS, 340 depth range, 72, 73 Alignment audio frames and PES packets glass-free, 71, 72 LATM, 346 polarized glasses, 71 lossless audio, 346 3D video support, 366–375 Alignment JPEG 2000 access units and PES 3GPP text stream, 66–68 packets, 376 4:1:1 video, 18 Alignment PES packets and transport packets, 4:2:0 video, 18 195, 196 4:2:2 video, 18 Alignment-type, 318 4:4:4 video, 18 Alignment-type assignments, 318 90kHz-flag, 359, 360 ALS audio, 69 ALS audio support, 346–348 A Amendments, see MPEG-2 system amendments AAC (audio) Analogue video, 16, 17 MPEG-2, 55–58 Ancillary stream usage, 259 MPEG-4, 56–58 Applicable-temporal-ID, 374, 375 AAC (audio) support, see MPEG-2 AAC support Application standardization bodies, 6, 403–405 and MPEG-4 AAC support Applications, 10, 168, 169, 403–412 Access procedure ARIB, 6, 404 scrambled transport stream, 222–224 Arrangement-type, 368 transport stream, 203 ASC-flag, 347, 349 Access unit delimiter NAL units, 355–360 ASC-size, 347, 349 Access Unit re-assembly, 361–366, 370–374 Aspect-ratio-information, 319, 320 Adaptation field, 193,COPYRIGHTED 194, 329–331 ATM MATERIAL cells and the size of transport packets, 197, Adaptation-field-control, 193, 194, 329 198 Adaptation-field-extension-flag, 330 ATSC, 6, 404 Adaptation-field-extension-length, 331 AU-cell-data-length, 380, 381 Adaptation-field-length, 330 Audio-bound, 155, 157, 322 Adaptive HTTP streaming, 401, 410, 411 Audio coding, 47–59 Additional-copy-info, 254, 304 Audio frames, 50–53 Fundamentals and Evolution of MPEG-2 Systems: Paving the MPEG Road, First Edition. Jan van der Meer. 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 428 Index Audio Lossless Coding, see ALS and SLS and CA module, 223–225 DST CA-PID, 221–223, 314, 315 AudioProfileLevelIndication, 347, 349 CA-system-ID, 220–223, 314, 315 Audio sampling, 47 CAT, 205, 220, 221 AudioSpecificConfig(), 347, 349 CAT update requirement, 221 Audio stream descriptor, 338, 339 CCITT, 10 Audio-type, 316, 318, 319 CD, 10, 161, 168, 169 Audio-type assignments, 319 CD-i, 168, 169 Authorization to access content, 218 CD-ROM, 10, 161, 168, 169 Auto-stereoscopic display 71, 72 Cell-fragment-indication, 380, 381 Auxiliary video descriptor, 368–370 Channel coding broadcast, 199 Auxiliary video stream, 368–370 Chroma-format, 337, 338 Aux-video-coded-stream-type, 368, 370 Chrominance sampling frequency, 120 AVC-24-hour-picture-flag, 358, 359 Clock-accuracy-exponent, 311, 312 AVC-compatible-flag, 358, 359, 374, 375 Clock-accuracy-integer, 311, 312 AVC flexibility, 354 Clock References see SCR and PCR AVC-still-present, 358, 359 Closed-gop-flag, 337, 338 AVC support, 354–360 Coded Picture Buffer, see CPB AVC timing, 359 Code stream 0/1 (JPEG 2000 video), 376, 377 AVC timing and HRD descriptor, 359, 360 Coding of audio, see Audio coding AVC video descriptor, 358, 359 Coding of video, see Video coding AVC video support, 297, 298, 354–360 Coding-parameter-indicator, 325, 326 Average-bitrate (MVC, SVC), 366, 367, 374 Color-specification, 377, 378 A/V synchronization, 108–112, 129, 130 Colour sub-carrier accuracy, 124, 125 Common interface, 225 B Common scrambling algorithm, 223–225 Bandwidth extension data usage in MPEG-2 Compact Disc, see CD AAC, 341 Compatibility MPEG-1 and program streams, 193 Base-video-flag, 368, 369 Compliancy of decoders and streams, 113, Base view 3D video, 366–368 116–118 BDA, 6, 404, 405 Compliancy verification, 117, 118 Bitrate, see Definitions Compression factor Blu-ray Disc Association, see BDA audio, 13, 14 Blu-ray disc shipments, 409 lossless audio, 69 Blu-ray player shipments, 408 video, 13, 19, 20, 44 Bound-valid-flag, 312 AVC, 20 B-pictures, 25–29 HEVC, 44 Broadcast and transport packets, 199, 200 MPEG-1, 20 Buffer management, 130, 131 MPEG-2, 20 Buffer adaptations for real-time interface, 396 Conditional access descriptor, 220–225, 314, 315 Bytes-to-read, 325, 326 Conditional access section, 328 Byte stream (AVC) overhead, 355–360 Conditional access systems, 221–223 Byte stream format for NAL unit streams, Conditional Access Table, see CAT 355–360 Consolidation of MPEG-2 system amendments, Byte stream (Systems), 83, 84 182 Byte trajectory through buffers, 102, 103 Constant end-to-end delay, 87, 88 Constrained-parameter-flag, 337, 338 C Constrained parameter (MPEG-1) video stream, CABAC, 42 165 CA descriptor, 220–225, 314, 315 Constrained system parameter stream, see CSPS Index 429 Constraint-set0-flag, 358, 359, 374, 375 D Constraint-set1-flag, 358, 359, 374, 375 Data-alignment-indicator, 250, 304 Constraint-set2-flag, 358, 359, 374, 375 Data stream alignment descriptor, 250, 316–318 Constraint-set3-flag, 358, 359, 374, 375 Data structure system stream, see MPEG-1 system Constraint-set4-flag, 358, 359, 374, 375 stream data structure and Program Constraint-set5-flag, 358, 359, 374, 375 stream data structure and Transport Constraints on program stream scrambling, 225, stream data structure and Section data 226 structure Constraints on transport stream scrambling, 219 DCT, 20–24, 37, 41 Content format specific transport issues, 333, Dead time (splicing), 241 334 Dec-config-identification-length (metadata), 386, Content-ID, 383, 384 387 Content labelling descriptor, 383, 384 Decision process in MPEG, 253 Content-reference-ID-record-flag, 383, 384 Decoded Picture Buffer, see DPB Content-reference-ID-record-length, 383, 384 Decoder-config-flag (metadata), 380, 381, 386, Content-time-base-indicator, 383, 384 387 Content-time-base-value, 383, 384 Decoder-config-metadata-service-ID, 386, 387 Continuity counter, 228, 238, 329 Decoding branches STD, see ‘specific format’ discontinuity-indicator, 228, 238 support, such as AVC support and Continuity counter discontinuity, 238 MPEG-2 AAC support Control words (scrambling), 218–220 Decoding time stamp, see DTS Copy control, 254, 255, 304 Decryption, see Descrambling Copyright (bit), 254, 255, 304 Decryption keys, 218–220 Copyright descriptor, 254, 314, 315 DefaultFlexMuxBufferDescriptor(), 353, 354 Copyright identification, 254, 383, 384 Definitions Copyright-identifier, 182, 254, 314, 315 bitrate (kb/s, Mb/s), 7 CPB, 355–360 memory size (KB, MB), 7 CPB-removal-time, 355–360 De-jitter buffer, 108 CPB-size, 355–360 Delay CRC audio (de)compression, 94, 95 PES header, 229, 304, 305 compensation, 96–97, 101, 102 sections 207, 208, 228, 326 demultiplex, 100–105 CSPS differences for services, 94 MPEG-1, 161–166 end-to-end, 87, 88 buffer size constraint re-ordering, 89–91 audio, 163, 164 VBV, 31–38, 151–154, 287, 288 video, 162–166 video coding total, 94 objective, 161 video (de)compression, 28, 29, 88–93 packet rate constraint, 166 Delivery jitter, 106–108 program stream, 268–270 Delivery time, see Byte delivery time buffer size constraint Demultiplexing, 97–106 audio, 268 Demultiplex buffers, 97–106 video, 269, 270 Demultiplex delay, 100–105 objective, 268 DEN-frame-rate, 377, 378 PES packet rate constraint, 268, 269 Dependency-ID, 360–362, 365, 366 CSPS-flag, 155, 157, 322 Dependency layers, 360–366 Current-next-indicator Dependency Representation, see DR program stream map, 323, 324 Dependency representations in access unit, 361, sections, 207–211, 326 362 Cyclic Redundancy Check, see CRC Depth map, 75–78, 369, 370 430 Index Depth map support, 369, 370 Elementary-stream-access-point, 249 Descrambling, 217–226 Elementary stream bit / byte stuffing, 246 Descriptors, 203–205, 210, 309–320 Elementary-stream-ID, 324 descriptor-length, 309 Elementary-stream-ID-extension, 324 descriptor-tag, 309 Elementary-stream-info-length extensions, 309, 310, 319 program stream map, 324 general content descriptors, 315–320 sections, 204, 205 general structure, 309 Elementary-stream-map-length, 324 specific content descriptors, see ‘specific Elementary-stream-priority-indicator, 229, 330 format’ support, such as AVC support Elementary stream splicing, 209–245 and MPEG-2 AAC support Elsm header, 376, 377 system oriented descriptors, 311–315 EMM, 217–219 Descriptor-tag assignments, 310, 311 EMM-PID, 221, 223 Digital TV, 11 Encryption, see Scrambling Digital TV shipments, 408 End-to-end delay, 87, 88 Direct stream transfer audio, see DST audio End-to-end coding system, 108, 109 Discontinuity-indicator, 228, 237, 238, 330 End of program stream see MPEG program end Discontinuity in presentation, 110, 111 code Download over IP, 397–402 End of system stream start code, 140 DPB, 355–360 Entitlement control message, see ECM DPB-output-time, 355–360 Entitlement management message, see EMM DPB-removal-time, 355–360 Error correction D-pictures, 25 broadcast, 187, 188, 197–199 DR, 361, 366 Compact Disc, 187 Driving forces, 9–11, 133–136, 173–176 Error correction and packet size, 188 DSM-CC, 255, 341, 342 Error prone environments and MPEG-2 systems, DSM-CC-flag, 386, 387 187, 188 DSM-CC support, see MPEG-2 DSM-CC support Error resiliency, 130, 227–230 DSM Command and Control, see DSM-CC Error signalling, 228 DSM (Digital Storage Media) trick mode, ES-count, 374, 375 see Trick mode ESCR, 260, 304, 299–301 DST audio, 69 ES-ID, 353, 354 DST audio support, 346–348 ES-info-length, 328 DTS, 114, 115, 159, 301, 304 ES-rate, 260, 304 DTS coding requirements in AVC, 356–357 ES-reference, 374, 375 DTS-next-AU, 331 Evolution Duplicate packets, 229, 230, 279 3D video coding, 53–59 DVB, 6, 404 audio coding,
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