Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave

ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

INTRODUCTION

7.1 This chapter of the Environmental Statement assesses the extent and importance of known archaeology and cultural heritage features in and around the application area and discusses the likelihood of further archaeological finds, potential impacts of development, and the mitigation of those impacts. The chapter has been prepared in accordance with the document, Environmental Impact Assessment: a guide to procedures (appendix 5) ODPM 2001.

7.2 The national (PPG16) and local ( Borough Local Plan (adopted January 1995) Policy 25) policy guidelines on archaeology recommend that important archaeological sites should be protected and wherever possible preserved in situ. However, for features of lesser importance preservation by record is an acceptable alternative. Planning authorities may expect applicants to undertake an archaeological evaluation of their land, and if important archaeological sites are identified a condition may be attached to the planning permission which requires preservation in situ or outlines a scheme of further archaeological investigation that must be undertaken.

SITE LOCATION, LAND USE AND TOPOGRAPHY

7.3 This archaeological contribution concerns itself with the appraisal of an area of land situated to the west of the built settlement of Barton Seagrave, being a Parish to the south-east of the town of Kettering. It occupies gently sloping farmland which rises from 55m AOD on the floodplain of the River Ise that forms the western boundary, through to 75m AOD where the proposed development borders Polwell Lane. The prominent western aspect of the site affords views over the built settlement of Kettering.

7.4 The majority of the eastern boundary is formed by the back gardens of the Drury Estate built in the 1960’s. A few buildings along Polwell Lane are earlier, two 7-1 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave possibly of early 19th century date1. The southern boundary is formed by a steep, tree-covered bank of a disused railway line whilst the western boundary follows the bank of the River Ise beyond which lie pasture meadows and Wicksteed Park. The northern boundary is formed by an allotment garden and an arable field.

7.5 Within the centre of the site are the remains of a redundant farmhouse with its associated outbuildings. Known as Dales Lodge, this farm is of probable late 18th or early 19th century date. To the north of the farm buildings all the fields are under an arable farming regime; to the south they are predominantly pasture. Toward the disused railway at the south-western extent of the site the fields become progressively wetter and overgrown, with reeds and sedge grasses being present. A further field that borders the River Ise was totally overgrown with thistles and rosebay willow herb at the time of the site visit.

7.6 Aside from the redundant farm buildings associated with Dales Lodge, the field visit did not identify any significant visible elements of historical or archaeological interest.

GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY

7.7 The underlying geology of the region consists of Upper Lias sedimentary formations of the Lower Jurassic period with outcrops of Great and Inferior Oolite. Above this geology has formed a variable soil sequence. Bordering the River Ise are soils of the Fladbury 1 Association (813b), being stoneless river alluviums affected by groundwater. These border soils of the Oxpasture Association (572h), being fine loamy and clay soils best suited for pasture. These cover the majority of the application area. Further to the east these merge with soils of the Banbury Association (544) which are well drained deep soils over ironstone and are suited to arable activities.

1 These are depicted on the 1842 Tithe Award Survey, bordering the lane that runs down to Dales Lodge. 7-2 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave METHODOLOGY

7.8 In order to assess the probability of the survival of archaeological remains or historical features across the site a desk-based assessment has been undertaken to collect all readily available data on archaeology and the landscape history of the study area and its surrounds. This information – the baseline assessment - is to be considered in the context of 'background information' on the physical environment, particularly geological and geomorphological conditions and the past and present land use. The report is also written in the light of the results from a recent site walkover survey.

7.9 A range of measures that might be taken to mitigate the impact of the proposed development on known archaeology identified in the desk-top, and the potential archaeology which may exist elsewhere across the site, is put forward under the Conclusion section.

CONSULTATION

7.10 In the preparation of this chapter consultation has taken place with the County Council Sites and Monuments Record Office (), the Local Studies Library (Northampton) and the Public Records Office (Kew). Ongoing consultation is taking place with English Heritage (Dr. G. Coppack - Inspector of Ancient Monuments), Ann Bond (Historic Buildings Inspector, English Heritage), Kettering Borough Council and the Northamptonshire County Council Archaeological Office.

7.11 An on-site meeting was held with Dr. G. Coppack of English Heritage on the 13th February 2007 to discuss settings issues relating to the Scheduled Monument, Wicksteed Park and the Listed Buildings of Barton Seagrave. Following the site visit it was stated that there were no identified settings issues relating to the proposals.

7.12 Discussions have also been held with Ann Bond, Historic Buildings Inspector, relating to the setting of St Botolph’s Church (Listed Grade I) and other Listed 7-3 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Buildings in the vicinity. This resulted in further site visits to appraise key views to and from the various Listed Buildings in relation to the development proposals.

BACKGROUND RESEARCH

Sites and Monuments Record (SMR)

7.13 The Northamptonshire Sites and Monuments Record Office (Northampton) made available information during the baseline assessment. The Council Sites and Monuments Record Officer assisted with the collection of known records for the area. Computer printouts of relevant archaeological information were obtained from this source.

7.14 The Sites and Monuments Record is not a complete listing of the actual archaeology which may exist across a site, nor is it seen as such by the Council Archaeological Officers, but it is a useful basis on which to begin an assessment.

Documentary and Cartographic Research (see Appendix 7.4)

7.15 Relevant documentary and cartographic records held by the Council Sites and Monuments Record were consulted during the baseline assessment, and are reported upon below.

7.16 In addition Local Records Offices and Local Studies Libraries were visited. The aim of the research was to provide a summary of the landscape history of the application area. Documents held by the PRO (Kew) were also consulted. References studied during the assessment can be found in the bibliography at the end of the chapter.

7-4 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Aerial Photographic Data (see Appendix 7.5)

7.17 Relevant aerial photographs held by the Council covering the application area and its surrounds were analysed. These included vertical and oblique shots.

Historic Landscape Character

7.18 The landscape of Northampton as we see it today is the result of both natural and man-made actions which have taken place over many years. Activities such as settlement, farming and recreation have all left behind physical traces that help to give individual parts of the County their own special character. In order to have a better understanding of the historic dimension of today’s landscape, Northampton County Council has undertaken an Historic Landscape Characterisation Project.

7.19 Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) aims to identify, describe and map the main historic influences which have formed and defined the present day landscape. The principal products of an HLC exercise are typically a series of GIS-based data sets and a supporting report. It is important to emphasise that the HLC methodology mainly records those historic patterns that are still visible and mapped within the present day environment. It is also a broad-brush mapping exercise which brings together sets of information normally at a high level of generalisation, and therefore only provides an understanding of the essential characteristics of the landscape. The Northamptonshire HLC project has been consulted as part of this assessment.

POLICY BACKGROUND

Legislation

7.20 Legislation provides for the protection of the most important and well preserved archaeological sites and monuments (through being added to the schedule list of archaeological monuments, and thus their preservation in situ). Historic

7-5 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave buildings can be protected through being added to a list of buildings of particular architectural or historical interest.

7.21 No Scheduled Monuments (SMs) or Listed Buildings have been identified within the proposed application area during the preparation of this desk-based assessment. A Scheduled Monument does, however, exist to the immediate north, being Barton Seagrave moats, fishponds and shrunken Medieval village remains (SM 13630). Several listed buildings also exist to the north, within the Conservation Area of Barton Seagrave.

7.22 The Secretary of State is required to compile a list of buildings of architectural and historical importance, for the guidance of local authorities in their planning functions. The aim of the listing is to allow control of alteration, extension or demolition of the building on the list. Listed buildings are given one of three levels of grading: Grade I, Grade II* and Grade II. Buildings of exceptional importance are designated Grade I and II*, the remainder (about 95% of listed buildings) are designated Grade II. There are 12 Listed Buildings within the Barton Seagrave area2, of which none have direct sight-lines to the development. Of these 12 buildings, two are Listed Grade I, being the Church of St Botolph and the Orangery at Barton Seagrave Hall, and a further two are Listed Grade II*, being Barton Seagrave Hall and the Rectory on St Botolph’s Road (see Appendix 7.3). All the remaining buildings are Listed Grade II.

Planning Guidance and Archaeology

PPG16

7.23 Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (DoE 1990), ‘Archaeology and Planning’, gives local planning authorities guidance on the appropriate ways of dealing with archaeology in the planning process. The guidance is that local authority development plans should include policies for the protection, enhancement and preservation of sites of archaeological interest and their settings.

2 Sourced from English Heritage’s Images of web site: www.imagesofengland.org.uk 7-6 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave 7.24 Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 also gives backing to local planning authorities, at the stage of application for planning permission, to request additional archaeological information from prospective developers about their site before determination of any planning application; this chapter forms part of that additional information.

7.25 The main thrust of the guidance in Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 is that, where development is proposed, important archaeological sites should be protected and, wherever possible, preserved in situ. For features of lesser archaeological importance, it is accepted that preservation 'by record' through excavation/investigation is a suitable alternative.

PPG 15

7.26 Planning Policy Guidance Note 15 ‘Planning & the Historic Environment’ lays out government policies for the identification and protection of historic buildings, conservation areas, and other elements of the historic environment for which there are no specific statutory controls, namely historic parks and gardens and historic battlefields, under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. It explains the role of the planning system in their protection. It complements guidance on archaeology and planning given in PPG 16.

7.27 The frequently close link between controls over ‘listed’ buildings and conservation areas and development control decisions means that development and conservation generally need to be considered together. Part 1 of the PPG deals with those aspects of conservation policy which interact most directly with the planning system. These include matters of economic prosperity, visual impact, building alterations, traffic and affect on the character of conservation areas. Part 2 addresses the identification and recording of the historic environment including listing procedures and upkeep and repairs.

7.28 Wicksteed Park, to the immediate west of the application area, is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II – Number PG4793). The nearest Conservation Area is at 7-7 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Barton Seagrave, but lies beyond the modern Castle Way housing estate to the north, around the historic core of the settlement. Conservation Areas are designated because they are considered as areas of special architectural or historic interest that are desirable to preserve or enhance. No Listed Buildings exist within the confines of the application area although 12 exist within the Barton Seagrave area, of which none have direct sight-lines to the proposed development (see below and Appendix 7.3).

Northamptonshire County Council Structure Plan (1996 to 2016)

7.29 Policy AR6 of the Northamptonshire County Structure Plan details the Council’s approach to archaeology. It is in line with the content of PPG16 and the policies detailed above. Its’ specifics are as follows:

Policy AR6 Provision will be made to conserve, and were appropriate enhance, the following environmental assets:

● Nationally important archaeological sites and monuments, whether scheduled or not, or their settings ● The character, appearance or setting of conservation areas ● The architectural or historic interest of listed buildings, or their settings ● The site or setting of registered parks and gardens ● The site or setting of registered battlefields; and ● Hedgerows protected under the Hedgerow Regulations

Proposals affecting these environmental assets will be required to demonstrate that they will be conserved and, where appropriate, enhanced.

Where development affects areas of archaeological potential, the developer will be requested to provide an archaeological assessment as part of any planning application. The baseline assessment that accompanies this chapter provides part of the information provision that would be expected under the parameters of this statement. 7-8 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave

Where known sites of county or local archaeological significance will be affected by development, planning permission may be granted where provision is made for preservation of remains in situ. In cases where this is neither feasible nor merited, planning permission may be granted subject to satisfactory provision being made for excavation and recording. Measures to address the impact of the proposed development on known and potential archaeology are put forward under the Conclusion section.

Kettering Borough Local Plan (adopted 30th January 1995)3

7.30 Policy 25 of the Local Plan deals with aspects of archaeology. It states that in cases of development, further information will be required by the County Council to define the extent, nature, condition and importance of any suspected archaeological remains. The baseline assessment that accompanies this chapter fulfils part of the information provision expected under the parameters of the policy.

Policy 25 – Environment: Archaeological and Historic Sites Planning permission for development: i adversely affecting a scheduled ancient monument, a designated area of archaeological significance or a site of county-wide importance, will not be granted: and ii affecting archaeological sites of county-wide importance where the quality of remains is uncertain will not be granted until preliminary investigations have established the extent and nature of the site.

In the context of (i) and (ii) above, conditions will be imposed on planning permissions to ensure that provision is made for archaeological investigation, recording and preservation in situ of remains, in advance of or, where necessary, during development

3 The Council has started work on replacing the adopted Local Plan with the Local Development Framework (LDF). The LDF will replace the existing system of Local Plans and Structure Plans in the new development plan system introduced by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act in September 2004. 7-9 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave 7.31 The baseline assessment has identified a number of archaeological sites within and bordering the application area. A scheduled monument also lies to the north of the site (SM County Number 13630).

7.32 Policy 22 of the Local Plan deals with the Borough Council’s treatment of Conservation Areas. It states that planning permission for new buildings will be permitted only where the siting, layout, design and materials used preserve or enhance the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. A Conservation Area exists at Barton Seagrave, but lies beyond the modern Castle Way housing estate to the north, around the historic core of the settlement.

7.33 Policy 24 of the Local Plan deals with the Council’s treatment of Listed Buildings. It states that the Local Planning Authority will grant planning permission for development affecting the setting of a Listed Building only where the proposal is in character with the building and where the development enhances the setting of the building.

7.34 There are 12 Listed Buildings within the Barton Seagrave area, of which none have direct sight-lines to the development. Of these, two are Listed Grade I and a further two are Listed Grade II* (see Appendix 7.3). All the remaining buildings are Listed Grade II. As part of this assessment, an appraisal of key views to and from the Grade I and II* buildings has been undertaken (see below).

7.35 Policy 26 of the Local Plan deals with the Borough Council’s treatment of Historic Parks and Gardens. It states:

Planning permission will not be granted for development which would adversely affect the site or the setting of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest.

7.36 Wicksteed Park, to the immediate west of the application area, is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II – Number PG4793). It is an early 20th century public 7-10 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave amusement park laid out for Charles Wicksteed and opened in 1921. It has formal elements set within an informal leisure park that is dominated by a large lake. The intention of the park was to provide a model village for the working classes, offering generous gardens and a large open public space for recreation. The land which Wicksteed Park occupies was, until 1913, part of the Barton Seagrave Hall estate that was laid out in the late 18th century with advice from Humphry Repton4.

7.37 In a recent planning application for a proposed log flume ride within the grounds of the park (reference KE/04/0090) the Planning Sub B Committee of the Borough Council stated that ‘there is no undue impact on the historic quality of these grounds given that the immediate setting is not of great historic or landscape merit.’

Local Development Framework

7.38 The Council has started work on replacing the adopted local plan. The new document is called the Local Development Framework (LDF) which is to coordinate the production of plans needed to deliver sustainable development in to 2021. The LDF will include policies setting out standards that will be required for new development and Area Action Plans (AAP’s) setting out a framework for development of particular areas expected to undergo significant change in the future.

7.39 Work is ongoing with regard to the formulation of the LDF. As part of the consultation process, a number of Issue Papers have been prepared with the aim of promoting discussion to ensure that new development takes place in the right place. Issue Paper 1 – Locating Development – states that c. 1,000 new homes need to be provided in rural areas. The present application suggests this could be partially provided for by development off Polwell Lane, Barton Seagrave. The following chapter provides a detailed cultural heritage impact assessment in response to the proposals.

4 A Red Book dated 1794 details his suggestions for the site. British Library MSS RP100.

7-11 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Regional Spatial Strategy for the (RSS8)

7.40 The Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS8) provides a broad development strategy for the East Midlands up to 2021. The Core Strategy section establishes the context for development plans and local development frameworks within the region through a series of policies.

7.41 RSS8 says that the protection and enhancement of the region’s environment is vital to achieving sustainable development (para. 4.3.2). Policy 27 – Protecting and Enhancing the Region’s Natural and Cultural Assets – states the following:

Sustainable development should ensure the protection, appropriate management and enhancement of the region’s natural and cultural assets (and their settings). In the development and implementation of strategies and programmes in the region, local authorities and other bodies should apply the following principles: ● the promotion of the highest level of protection for the region’s nationally and internationally designated natural and cultural assets; ● damage to natural or cultural assets (and their settings) should be avoided wherever and as far as possible, recognising that such assets are usually irreplaceable; ● unavoidable damage must be clearly justified by a need for development in that location which outweighs the damage that would result and should be reduced to a minimum through mitigation measures; ● unavoidable damage which cannot be mitigated should be compensated for, preferably in a relevant local context and where possible in ways which also contribute to social and economic objectives; ● overall there should be no net loss of natural and cultural assets, and opportunities should be sought to achieve a net gain across the region; and ● protection of the region’s best and most versatile land.

7.42 Policy 31 also deals with cultural heritage issues and states the following:

7-12 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Policy 31 Regional Priorities for the Historic Environment

Development Plans, future local Development Frameworks, and other strategies should seek to understand, conserve and enhance the historic environment of the East Midlands, in recognition of it’s own intrinsic value, and its contribution to the region’s quality of life.

Across the region and particularly in areas where growth or regeneration is a priority, Development Plans, local Development Frameworks and economic development strategies should pay particular attention to promoting the sensitive change of the historic environment, retaining local distinctiveness, by:

● identifying and assessing the significance of specific historic and cultural assets (including their settings); ● using characterisation to understand their contribution to the landscape or townscape in areas of change; ● encouraging the refurbishment and re-use of disused or under-used buildings of some historic or architectural merit and incorporating them sensitively into the regeneration scheme; ● promoting the use of local building materials; and ● recognising the opportunities for enhancing existing tourism attractions and for developing the potential of other areas and sites of historic interest.

7.43 The content of these policies has been taken into consideration in the formulation of the development proposals. The application area has been identified as an area for potential growth. The impact of the proposals on the archaeological and historic environment has been assessed at an early stage in the formulation of the development plans.

Listed Buildings

7.44 The Secretary of State is required to compile a list of buildings of architectural and historical importance, for the guidance of local authorities in their planning

7-13 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave functions. The aim of the listing is to allow control of alteration or demolition of the building on the list.

7.45 There are 12 Listed Buildings within the Barton Seagrave area, of which none have direct sight-lines to the development. Of these 12 buildings, two are Listed Grade I, being the Church of St Botolph and the Orangery at Barton Seagrave Hall, and a further two are Listed Grade II*, being Barton Seagrave Hall and the Rectory on St Botolph’s Road (see Appendix 7.3).

7.46 As part of this assessment, an appraisal of key views to and from the Grade I and II* buildings has been undertaken (see below).

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL FEATURES

Introduction (numbers in bold text refer to entries on Figure 7.1 and Appendix 7.1)

7.47 Any baseline assessment depends not only on an understanding of known archaeological features within the site, but also an awareness of the deficiencies in the archaeological record, the archaeological and historical context of the locality in which the proposed development is situated, and also an understanding of the site's land use history, geology, soils and topography.

7.48 It should be born in mind that the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR), upon which knowledge of the ‘known’ archaeology of an area is based, contains records of archaeological remains that have been identified in the following ways: as surviving earthworks or other standing monuments, as cropmarks on aerial photographs, as chance finds of artefacts on the ground surface and as accidental discoveries made during ground disturbance, usually associated with gardening, ploughing or construction work.

7.49 The collection of data for the SMR is therefore random and unsystematic. Much buried archaeology does not reveal itself in the ways mentioned above. Therefore the SMR is by its nature provisional and cannot be taken as a definitive list of surviving archaeological remains. 7-14 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave 7.50 The following section describes the currently known archaeological remains and historical features within the application site and its surrounds. This information is from the Sites and Monuments Record, information held by the Local Records Office and the field visit undertaken. Figure 7.1 illustrates the distribution of known sites and features.

THE APPLICATION SITE

7.51 The earliest archaeology recorded within/immediately bordering the application site is of Iron Age/Romano-British date (1,000 BC to AD 410) [01]. This consists of a probable Iron Age and early Romano-British site that lies to the north of Sherwood Drive on the Drury Estate and was found during the construction of the houses along this road. The extent of the settlement is unknown, but is likely to travel into the application area, within the fields between Sherwood Drive and the redundant Dales Lodge Farm. A number of undated cropmarks exist in this field, which could be related to the Iron Age settlement [02] (see Appendix 7.5).

7.52 The first indication of past activity at this location was in 1922 when a Roman coin was discovered. It was only when the area was developed for housing in the mid-1960’s that a range of other archaeological features were noted. These consisted of pits containing late Iron Age pottery together with quantities of Roman pottery and tile from buried soil horizons. Whilst the discoveries were found where the houses now stand, it is likely this site travels into the application area.

7.53 In this general location occasional finds of Medieval date (1066 - 1560) have also been recovered. These consist of pottery shards and other stray Medieval artefacts [03]. This evidence suggests low-level Medieval activity in the area (see Appendix 7.2).

7.54 The Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) records a number of post-Medieval sites within the application area. The most visible is Dales Lodge, a late 18th to early 19th century farm house and associated outbuildings, which was until 7-15 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave recently a working farm [04]. The farm is depicted in detail on the 1842 Tithe Award map, together with the layout of the 19th century field pattern. Some remnant field boundaries were visible during the walk-over survey. The SMR has recorded the field pattern of the area as depicted on 18th and 19th century maps, revealing the pattern of enclosure.

7.55 Also within the application area is a cropmark complex, which lies in the large arable field between Dales Lodge and the allotment gardens to the north [05]. Until investigated, this system of linears and enclosures remains undated and uncharacterised (see Appendix 7.5).

Cartographic Evidence (see Appendix 7.4)

7.56 The earliest detailed representation of the area appears on the Tithe Award map of 1842. This shows the entire application area prior to the navigation of the River Ise and the building of the Kettering to railway line. Today the application area covers six fields, but in 1842 it covered the majority of nine fields and encroached upon three others. Dales Lodge had been built by this date, and appears little different from today.

7.57 The apportionment listing that accompanies the Tithe Award reveals that at this date the land within the application area was under three separate ownerships. Dales Lodge and the fields to the north of it were all owned by the Duke of Buccleugh. Three of the fields were under an arable regime, whilst a fourth was under pasture. Dales Lodge was described as ‘house, outbuilding, yard and orchard’. To the immediate south of these buildings the land was under the ownership of the Honourable Reverend Slopford. The field bordering the River Ise was meadow (Glebe Meadow), the bordering field was pasture (Bottom Glebe Close) and the most elevated field, bordering Polwell Lane was arable (Top Glebe Close). To the south of these fields the land was owned by Lord Viscount Hood. Close to the river the plots were meadow, but both arable and pasture existed on the more elevated rises. None of the field names within the application area hint at any archaeological or historical association.

7-16 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave 7.58 Several further maps held by the County Records Office depicted the southern extent of the site, being Estate Maps of similar date to the Tithe Award. These maps were clearly copies of the Tithe Award, detailing the same information. One of these is titled ‘Plan of Estates in the Parishes of Barton Seagrave and Kettering in the County of Northampton belonging to Mary Viscountess Hood’ and depicts the southern fields of the application area, to the south of the so- called Glebe Lands under the control of the Church.

7.59 A further map obtained is an Estate Map of J Borlase Tibbits esq. which shows the projected line of the proposed Kettering to Huntingdon railway line at the southern end of the application site. This undated map is believed to be of the 1860’s and depicts the land-take required for the forthcoming railway development.

7.60 The first edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1885 is the first accurate representation of the site. It is little different from the mapping of the Tithe Award 40 years earlier, with only two buildings shown along Polwell Lane, although the railway line to the south of the site had been built. Dales Lodge appears as it is today with a farm track leading to the north-west, crossing the River Ise at a bridging point. Further farm tracks, long since removed, are shown to the north-east and south-east of the farming complex. This map is also the earliest to actually depict the Medieval moated sites to the north, beyond the present allotment gardens.

7.61 The second edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1900 is little different from the mapping of the first edition. Indeed, the only noticeable change has been the removal of a single field boundary in one of the southern fields and the building of a further property on Polwell Lane. By the date the 1938 revised Ordnance Survey edition was surveyed, Wicksteed Park, to the west of the site, had been constructed. This had necessitated the straightening of the River Ise and the building of a large lake beyond. Increased building along Polwell Lane (called Polwell Lane at this date) had taken place, although the area was still relatively open. Since 1900 only one further field boundary had been removed, to create a larger field to the south-west of Dales Lodge. 7-17 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave 7.62 By 1958 further building had taken place along Polwell Lane, encroaching into the fields to the east of Dales Lodge. The allotment gardens to the north of the application area had also been established by this date. A further field boundary to the south of the allotments had also been removed to create a larger field. By 1975 the site had taken on the appearance that exists today, with the building of the substantial Drury Estate off Polwell Lane. This estate, constructed between 1964 and 1965, filled two former fields. Aside from this bordering development, the site remained largely unaltered.

ASSESSMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

Archaeological and historical potential

7.63 On the basis of available evidence the application area can be assumed at this stage to have a low potential on the site’s lower floodplain and a moderate potential for the recovery of archaeological remains on the site’s elevated eastern flank. The reasons for this are detailed in the following paragraphs.

7.64 The comprehensive baseline assessment has shown that aside from a series of undated and uncharacterised cropmarks and the presence of elements of a post-enclosure farming landscape (including former field boundaries and the remains of Dales Lodge farm complex), there are no recorded archaeological sites within the confines of the application area.

7.65 Immediately bordering the application area, however, is a probable late Iron Age / Romano-British site, and it may be that the identified cropmarks between the Drury Estate and Dales Lodge relate to this past activity. If this is the case then a potential Iron Age and Roman site could exist in fields to the south-east of Dales Lodge, on the elevated river terrace. The cropmarks in the field to the north of Dales Lodge are of uncertain character.

7.66 Aside from the above site, there is little evidence pre-dating the Saxon period within a kilometre of the application area. Recorded Saxon activity consists of a cemetery site which lay close to Southfield Farm, to the south of the disused 7-18 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave railway track that forms the southern boundary to the application area. It is likely that the village of Barton Seagrave was a settlement in Saxon times.

7.67 There is much within Barton Seagrave revealing its Medieval heritage. Occupying overgrown plots to the north of the application site, beyond the allotment gardens, are the earthwork remains of Barton Seagrave moats, fishponds and a shrunken medieval village. The significance of this complex has led to its inclusion on the national Schedule of Ancient Monuments (SM 13630). Presently the allotment gardens afford a reasonable stand-off from the monument’s curtilage.

7.68 The components of the scheduled area form part of a wider settlement which was deserted as the village either shrank or shifted focus further eastwards. It is believed the Medieval settlement lay to the north and east of the moated sites, and not to the south in the vicinity of the present application area.

7.69 Also bordering the site is Wicksteed Park, an early 20th century public amusement park which is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II – Number PG4793). Due to a broad band of mature trees which flank the River Ise, most of the park is screened from the current proposed development. Proposed built development will also be set back from the river’s edge with the creation of a buffer zone in the order of c. 200m.

7.70 On the basis of current evidence the application area can be assumed to have a low to moderate potential for the recovery of archaeological remains.

IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON CULTURAL HERITAGE

Proposals

7.71 The proposals off Polwell Lane, Barton Seagrave are to consist of a mixed-use residential and commercial development along the valley sides, based around an infrastructure of roads, bus ways and focal settlement features. Settlement is 7-19 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave to form an extension to the existing housing along Polwell Lane, effectively forming ‘back to back’ development. It is concentrated along the higher ground, avoiding the lower floodplain of the Rive Ise and Southfield Farm Marsh which is a site of special scientific interest (SSS1). Many of the existing tree belts on the site are to be retained, including the established belt along the river frontage which will form a screen for the development from Wicksteed Park.

Approach to assessment

7.72 This assessment adheres to identified professional standards and best practice. The assessment has been prepared in accordance with the document, Environmental Impact Assessment: a guide to procedures (appendix 5) ODPM 2001. The range of effects recommended to be considered in published EIA guidance has been reviewed. Those items that are relevant to the assessment of the impact the proposals will have on cultural heritage issues have been considered. This primarily consists of direct and indirect effects during construction and post-construction. Where significant adverse effects are identified, a description of the measures to be taken to avoid, reduce or remedy those effects is discussed under the Conclusions section.

Direct Impacts

7.73 Aside from a series of uncharacterised cropmarks and the presence of a post- enclosure farming landscape (including field boundaries and the remains of Dales Lodge farm), there are no recorded archaeological sites within the confines of the application area. Further evaluation would be required to substantiate this view (see below).

7.74 Immediately bordering the application area, however, is a probable late Iron Age / Romano-British site, and it may be that the identified cropmarks between the Drury Estate and Dales Lodge relate to this past activity. The cropmarks in the field to the north of Dales Lodge are of uncertain character. If these cropmarks do relate to buried archaeological remains they will be directly affected by the development proposals. Field evaluation would ascertain their character and 7-20 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave mitigation in the event they relate to archaeology would consist of either watching brief action and/or open-area archaeological excavation. This would preserve any archaeological remains by record. In the event that remains are encountered that are deemed to be of National significance preservation in situ by re-design may be a requirement.

7.75 Aside from the above cropmark site, there is little evidence pre-dating the Saxon period within a kilometre of the application area. There is much, however, revealing the area’s Medieval heritage. Occupying overgrown plots to the north of the application site, beyond the allotment gardens, are the earthwork remains of Barton Seagrave moats, fishponds and a shrunken medieval village. The significance of this complex has led to its inclusion on the national Schedule of Ancient Monuments (SM 13630). Presently the allotment gardens afford a reasonable stand-off from the monument’s curtilage and it is not believed that any components of the Medieval site enter the application area. The scheduled area forms part of a wider settlement which was deserted as the village either shrank or shifted focus further eastwards. It is believed the former settlement lay to the north and east of the moated sites, and not to the south in the vicinity of the present application.

7.76 Further cropmarks are recorded in the large arable field between Dales Lodge and the allotment gardens to the north. Until investigated, this system of linears and enclosures remains undated and uncharacterised. Field evaluation would ascertain their character and mitigation in the event they relate to archaeology would consist of either watching brief action and/or open-area archaeological excavation. This would preserve any archaeological remains by record. In the event that remains are encountered that are deemed to be of National significance preservation in situ by re-design may be a requirement.

7.77 The Sites and Monuments Record records a number of post-Medieval sites within the application area. The most visible is Dales Lodge, a late 18th to early 19th century farm house and associated outbuildings, which was until recently a working farm. The farm is depicted in detail on the 1842 Tithe Award map,

7-21 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave together with the layout of the 19th century field pattern. Some remnant field boundaries were visible during the walk-over survey.

7.78 The proposals will see the significant buildings of the farm complex retained and sympathetically renovated, hence ensuring their preservation in situ. In the event that proposals come forward to remove any of the farm structures that are deemed to be of some historical importance, then appropriate recording of them in line with current guidelines will be undertaken5. Any such recording would be carried out in accordance with a written scheme which has first received the approval of the curatorial monitoring authorities.

7.79 The archaeological impact of the development proposals is considered on present evidence to be ‘low to moderate’. This impact could be adequately mitigated by a carefully targeted archaeological field evaluation followed, if appropriate, by further archaeological investigation based on the results of such an evaluation.

Indirect Impacts

7.80 Indirect effects on features of cultural heritage interest can occur as a result of significant adverse changes to the setting of a site. The issue of setting refers to sites that are visible, as only visible remains are capable of having settings. Issues of setting are less relevant when one is discussing buried archaeological sites that are not identifiable on the surface. The issue of setting is most relevant to designated features of national importance, such as Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings, although certain other aspects of the historic environment, for which there are no specific statutory controls, such as historic parks and gardens, can also be deemed to have a setting.

7.81 There is little practical advice as to the assessment of features of archaeological interest in the event that there may be an indirect effect upon their setting

5 Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHM(E) guidance specification document – (Recording Historic Buildings: a descriptive specification: 3rd Edition 1996) and as updated: Understanding Historic Buildings : A Guide to Good Recording Practice – English Heritage 2006. 7-22 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave (currently documentation is being prepared by English Heritage). The present assessment has identified that the designated sites within 2km of the application area consist of one Scheduled Monument, 12 Listed Buildings, 1 Historic Park and Garden (Wicksteed Park – Grade II) and the Conservation Area of Barton Seagrave. Of the 12 Listed Buildings, two are Listed Grade I, being the Church of St Botolph and the Orangery at Barton Seagrave Hall, and a further two are Listed Grade II*, being Barton Seagrave Hall and the Rectory on St Botolph’s Road (see Appendix 7.3). All Listed Buildings are within the village of Barton Seagrave.

7.82 The Scheduled Monument of Barton Seagrave moats, fishponds and shrunken Medieval village remains (SM 13630) lies c. 40m to the north of the application area, beyond the existing allotment gardens. Presently the allotment affords a reasonable stand-off from the monument’s curtilage. A belt of trees and scrub at the southern end of the scheduled area affords a screen from the centre of the monument to the proposed development area. It is believed the Medieval settlement associated with moats lay to the north and east, and not to the south in the vicinity of the application area. The on-site meeting with Dr G Coppack (Inspector of Ancient Monuments - English Heritage) did not identify any settings issues associated with the moated site.

7.83 There are 12 Listed Buildings in the surrounding area, of which none have direct sight-lines to the development. The majority are within the historic core of the settlement, to the north of the Castle Way Estate, and are not in any particularly exposed positions or favour views towards the site. Indeed, the importance of setting of the Listed Buildings within the village would normally be defined by views within the settlement, around the historic core. The impact of the proposed development on their settings is therefore deemed insignificant.

7.84 On the advice of Ann Bond, Historic Buildings Inspector – English Heritage, visits were made to the site to assess ‘key views’ from, and to the significant Listed Buildings (Grade I and II*) of the area. Various vantage points in and around the village were visited to see whether development of the land off Polwell Lane would create a significant adverse effect to the setting of any of the 7-23 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave important Listed Buildings of the settlement. No settings issues were identified. The Grade I and II* buildings of Barton Seagrave are all adequately shielded from the proposed development area to the extent that no impacts are perceived. Key views were appraised to a distance of 3kms around the settlement.

7.85 Wicksteed Park, to the immediate west of the application area, is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II – Number PG4793). Due to a broad band of mature trees which flank the River Ise, most of the park is screened from the current proposed development. Indeed, assessment has shown that only in winter, when the leaves from the trees have fallen, will there be some partial glimpse views of the site; at all other times it will be screened from view. The on-site meeting with Dr G Coppack (Inspector of Ancient Monuments - English Heritage) did not identify any settings issues associated with the Registered Park.

7.86 The nearest Conservation Area is at Barton Seagrave, but lies beyond the modern Castle Way housing estate to the north, around the historic core of the settlement. Conservation Areas are designated because they are considered as areas of special architectural or historic interest that are desirable to preserve or enhance. It is not considered that the present proposals will have any undue effects upon the character of the Conservation Area.

Phase Impact – direct Impact - indirect Mitigation

Construction Nationally No direct impacts on The Scheduled Monument Retention and important Nationally important of Barton Seagrave ‘moats, enhancement of the remains are envisaged. fishponds and shrunken scrub and tree belt to remains Medieval village remains’ the immediate south of (SM 13630) lies c. 40m to the scheduled area will the north of the application afford continued

7-24 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave

area, beyond the existing protection to its setting. allotment gardens. Presently the allotment affords a reasonable stand- off from the monument’s curtilage. A belt of trees and scrub at the southern end of the scheduled area will afford protection to its setting.

Two Listed Grade I buildings are within 1km of the site, being the Church of St Botolph and the Orangery at Barton Seagrave Hall. A further two buildings are Listed Grade II*, being Barton Seagrave Hall and the Rectory on St Botolph’s Road. All these buildings are within the village of Barton Seagrave. None have exposed views toward the proposed development.

Regionally No direct impacts on There are 8 Listed Further evaluation of the important Regionally important Buildings in the surrounding site would demonstrate remains are envisaged. area of Grade II status, of whether or not remains which none have direct archaeological remains However, if the two sight-lines to the survive within the recorded cropmark sites development. The majority application area. relate to buried are within the historic core archaeology, then they will of the settlement, to the A trial trench be affected by the north of the Castle Way programme, in proposals. It may be that Estate, and are not in any accordance with an these sites are of Regional particularly exposed agreed written scheme significance. positions or favour views of investigation, is towards the site. The proposed for the site,

7-25 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave

importance of setting of followed, if appropriate, these buildings is defined by further archaeological by views within the village, investigation based on around its historic core and the results of such an not out towards the site. evaluation. The impact of the proposed development on their Retention and settings is therefore enhancement of the tree deemed insignificant. belt flanking the Rive Ise will afford protection to Wicksteed Park, to the the setting of Wicksteed immediate west of the Park. application area, is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II – Number PG4793). Due to a broad band of mature trees which flank the River Ise, most of the park is screened from the proposed development. Assessment has shown that only in winter will there be some partial glimpse views of the site; at all other times it will be screened from view.

The Conservation Area of Barton Seagrave lies 250m to the north of the application site. It is sufficiently screened from the proposals by existing housing and vegetation that any settings issues are deemed insignificant.

7-26 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Locally There will be an impact on None The development important the historic landscape proposes the retention character of the area. of many of the sites remains existing woodland and The baseline assessment hedgerow belts. In this has shown that the manner the proposals application area retains are sympathetic to the some of its historic historic character of the landscape character and valley side, with that the field pattern today proposed development is little different from that blocks adhering to recorded on the earliest existing landscape available mapping. boundaries that have their origins in the early post-Medieval period. Unrecorded unknown None A trial trench remains programme, in accordance with an agreed written scheme of investigation, is proposed for the site, followed, if appropriate, by further archaeological investigation based on the results of such an evaluation. Such a scheme should encounter unrecorded remains, if present. In addition it is proposed that a watching brief will take place during all intrusive works that have the capacity to encounter archaeology in those areas not investigated by trial trench evaluation.

7-27 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave

Post- Construction Nationally No nationally important Potential settings issues Effective tree screening important archaeological remains relating to the Scheduled as the development have been identified as Monument of Barton becomes established remains existing within the confines Seagrave Moats. will minimise any of the application area. potential settings issues. Regionally n/a There are no Listed Tree cover becoming important Buildings within the further established along confines of the application the flanks of the River remains area, although 12 exist Ise affording increased within 1 km of it. These are protection to the setting in the settlement of Barton of Wicksteed Park. Seagrave and are not in any particularly exposed positions or favour views towards the site. The impact of the proposed development on their settings is deemed insignificant. Wicksteed Park lies to the immediate west of the application area and is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II). The broad band of mature trees which flank the River Ise screens the park from the proposed development.

Locally n/a n/a n/a important remains

7-28 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Unrecorded n/a n/a n/a remains

Cumulative Impacts

7.87 Cumulative impacts are those effects that result from incremental changes caused by other past, present or reasonably foreseeable actions together with the proposed scheme. There are two main types of cumulative effect, being ‘combined effects’ of individual impacts from one development on a particular receptor and ‘cumulative effects’, being the effects of other existing or planned developments in the area. Individually they may not be significant, but when considered together they are.

7.88 There are no perceived ‘combined’ or ‘cumulative’ effects associated with the development proposals. Assessment of the development proposals in the light of existing and proposed future developments (where known – such as the application for holiday cottages at Wicksteed Park) generally does not combine to result in a net negative cumulative impact. At most there is likely to be a minor negative impact on the historic landscape character of the area. The baseline assessment has shown that the application area and its immediate surrounds retains some of its historic landscape character and that the field pattern today is little different from that recorded on the earliest available mapping. Retention of existing woodland and hedgerow belts in any development proposal could be sympathetic to the historic character of the valley side, especially if proposed development blocks adhere to existing landscape boundaries that have their origins in the early post-Medieval period.

Suggested Mitigation

Undisturbed areas

7.89 In those parts of the application area not proposed for development or landscaping, i.e. undisturbed areas, archaeological sites that may be present 7-29 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave will naturally be preserved in situ. In these areas the management will be such that long-term preservation is achievable.

Archaeological Evaluation

7.90 In areas of intrusive development, and other areas where soil stripping is necessary, there is potential for the proposals to impact upon unknown archaeology. To mitigate this impact, archaeological remains which warrant it can be preserved 'by record' through detailed archaeological excavation. However, to reach the stage of identifying and assessing the quality of the archaeological remains it would be necessary to undertake a stage of archaeological evaluation. Any such evaluation would be conducted in accordance with the guidance of PPG16 and of the Institute of Field Archaeologists. Evaluation would be targeted to answer specific questions about presence, extent, depth, character and state of preservation.

7.91 The following method is considered appropriate to the Barton Seagrave site:

- Trial Trenching: utilising machine-dug trenches to identify any potential archaeological sites within the footprint of the intrusive development. The trial trenching would seek to assess, amongst other variables, the presence, absence, quality, date and condition of preservation of archaeological and palaeo-environmental remains which lay within areas identified as of potential archaeological significance.

7.92 Prior to the undertaking of any evaluative works on-site, a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) will be agreed with the Curatorial Planning Authorities.

Archaeological Excavation and Watching Brief Action

7.93 If the evaluation of those parts of the application area to be affected by intrusive development revealed significant archaeological remains these may be subject to open-area excavation in order to preserve the archaeology through the creation of a material archive and written records. The material/written archive 7-30 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave from any trial trenching or full archaeological excavation would be deposited in the relevant council archive and, if appropriate, the results would be more widely disseminated in published form. Elsewhere across the site it may be appropriate to carry out an archaeological watching brief action.

7.94 In the event that remains are encountered that are deemed to be of National significance preservation in situ by re-design may be a requirement.

CONCLUSION

Concluding Statement

7.95 A wide range of sources were consulted for this study, including the local Sites and Monuments Record, published articles and books and manuscript documents. In addition the site was visited on several occasions for visual appraisals.

7.96 The baseline assessment has shown that aside from a series of uncharacterised cropmarks and the presence of a post-enclosure farming landscape (including field boundaries and the remains of Dales Lodge farm), there are no recorded archaeological sites within the confines of the application area. Immediately bordering the application area, however, is a probable late Iron Age / Romano- British site, and it may be that the identified cropmarks between the Drury Estate and Dales Lodge relate to this past activity. The cropmarks in the field to the north of Dales Lodge are of uncertain character.

7.97 Aside from the above site, there is little evidence pre-dating the Saxon period within a kilometre of the application area. There is much, however, revealing the area’s Medieval heritage. Occupying overgrown plots to the north of the application site, beyond the allotment gardens, are the earthwork remains of Barton Seagrave moats, fishponds and a shrunken medieval village. The significance of this complex has led to its inclusion on the national Schedule of Ancient Monuments (SM 13630). Presently the allotment gardens afford a reasonable stand-off from the monument’s curtilage 7-31 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave 7.98 Also bordering the site is Wicksteed Park, an early 20th century public amusement park which is included in English Heritage's National Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest (Grade II – Number PG4793). Due to a broad band of mature trees which flank the River Ise, most of the park is screened from the current proposed development.

7.99 Taking currently available evidence into consideration the proposals can be assumed, at this stage, to present a 'low to moderate’ direct impact on the archaeological and cultural heritage resource. Further evaluation will be required to substantiate this view. The extent of indirect effects on heritage features as a result of the proposed development is also anticipated to be low.

7-32 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave REFERENCES

Ballinger J and Foard, G 1999 Extensive Urban Survey: Kettering. Northamptonshire County Council.

Bridges J 1791 A History of Northamptonshire, Volume II

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Foard, G n.d. An Archaeological Resource Assessment of Anglo-Saxon Northamptonshire (400 – 1066). Northamptonshire County Council.

Foard, G n.d. An Archaeological Resource Assessment of Medieval Northamptonshire. Northamptonshire County Council.

Listed Buildings of Special Architectural Interest: Greenback H15, Catalogue 1976.

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Notes in Journal of the Northampton Museum and Arts Gallery, December 1969, p. 37-41.

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Repton H 1794 Red Book for Barton Seagrave, British Library, exported MSS, RP100

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Sharman, T and Carlyle, S 2002 Addendum to Archaeological Watching Brief at Barton Seagrave Moats, Kettering. NCC Archaeological Report.

Tonks, E 1991 The Ironstone Quarries of the Midlands – History, operation and the railways: The Kettering Area.

Victoria History of The Counties of England: Northamptonshire. Volumes I (1906) and III (1930).

Webster, M 1998 Archaeological Evaluation at No 2 Polwell Lane, Barton Seagrave, Kettering. NCC Archaeological Report.

Whellan, F 1874 History, Topography and Directory of Northamptonshire – 2nd edn.

Wymer J J 1968 Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain as represented by the Thames Valley.

7-33 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology Land West of Polwell Lane – A Sustainable Urban Extension to Barton Seagrave Maps and Plans Consulted

Private Enclosure Map of Barton Seagrave, Kettering – 1840

Tithe Award Map. Barton Seagrave 1842

Plan of Estates in the Parishes of Barton Seagrave and Kettering in the County of Northampton belonging to J Borlase Tibbits esq. u.d.

The Estates of Lord Viscount Hood at Barton Seagrave and Kettering 1842

Plan of Estates in the Parishes of Barton Seagrave and Kettering in the County of Northampton belonging to Mary Viscountess Hood. u.d.

Untitled Map of Land-Take for the Kettering to Huntingdon Railway, Barton Seagrave – probably mid 19th century.

Plan of an Estate in the Parishes of Cranford St Andrew, Cranford St John, , Great and Little Addington and Barton Seagrave in the County of Northampton, The Property of Sir John Blencowe Robinson, Baronet, 1875

Ordnance Survey First Edition Mapping 1880. 6” to 1 mile. Ordnance Survey First Edition Mapping 1885. 1:2,500. Ordnance Survey Second Edition Mapping 1900. 1:2,500. Ordnance Survey Third Edition Mapping 1926. 25” to 1 mile. Ordnance Survey Revised Edition Mapping 1938. 1:10,560. Ordnance Survey Revised Edition Mapping 1950. 2.5 inch series. Ordnance Survey Revised Edition Mapping 1958. 1:10,560 Ordnance Survey Revised Edition Mapping 1975. 1:10,000.

Images of England Website: imagesofengland.co.uk

Aerial Photographs Consulted

NCC Photo Number Grid Reference Source Negative

8876/006 SP 885 767 RCHME 14.07.94 1001/17 8876/007 SP 885 767 RCHME 14.07.94 1001/18 8876/008 SP 885 767 RCHME 14.07.94 1001/19 8876/009 SP 885 766 RCHME 20.06.96 16678/11 8876/010 SP 885 766 RCHME 20.06.96 16678/12

All Ordnance Survey Maps in this document are from the Landmark Information Group and are reproduced under Licence: Phoenix Consulting Licence: AL 100030371.

7-34 Environmental Statement Chapter 7: Heritage and Archaeology