IZ pue psodord eq1lo pudrm eq1eururolap ol alenbepe q pepuord sl uo!"EroJq eql 're^er\oH .sr.€l tou lsr truepue IDuoIaeJ ',{cgo4 rp}$ sI ss 1411y3 tuelsrsuoc ?€srtflqnd Jo luauqsrlq?tsJ-eJoqt sJJprsqoJosp ralduq: s suonepdod ggq ro; uorlenrroyu {eppr 1ou ftqecol eqJ pasmJslp eq IFr Dar? mense'I eql Jo esoql pa|Ielep eql emsua ol ploqql!$ uaaq a,req ,{eu t"ql pue uor€ar aql ;o sercadscrurapua pup CU61 eql uo '?rog ulep qrns'dl4tdg Jql u1paluasard loo s ?rou u \otrl luaudole,rap pasodord eql yo pedur eq; eql ot ,(pood pue er?d pelelooo 6urdd"u pelslao Jo urulrad pq1 614199lcelor4 re^ld 1IH eqt Jo suollros esoql lueussesse ue sspr,rord relduqe srql 'sans$ Jo esaqlJo toqlro queuodord passeJppe,{lelznbapu lou a,r.uq aqa '(9661'7n n agytg) urJurlsny urelsaly uJaqlnosw uorlu^rJsnoJ?JoU JoJ s?aJ" lu?uodur '(9 reser d'I lueurqte v dINUA) "se lsortr eerql eql Jo euo sE s{u?J adeser uollB rssuo, uolearasuoJ ur ,qunr:s JJeqt uo slssqdua reFcrupd qr!^ mansel pasodord aqJ lJylqq rrl,t\rl _- I?Jruulog ErolJ rdou! Alood to aJer Jo snlc$ uoledesuoJ eql reprsuoJr eql rn DeJ?,(uu go lseq€q eql eru se8uu.rcqde.GoaE 'ggq rreqt ;o a8pa a$ l? sxel pue scnuopue 'slErrt :ol pnu Jo sraqunu oqJ JPuornqulqp uraqnos Jo uJaquouraql lu uxsl I8 eJeDerD ,ql urqlh\ Suummo 'l (/ d lseuqteuv dI{ug) .sot$ds u,soul oslv 'elqere[Iln ro peueleeJqleq ol peJeprsuotsxPl llrood ss IIe,{ se salrads erer fraD.ze8 Jo Surdderu pelretap. u,uou1 ,(Food St puB (ddq) erold or"U parplceq se pellaze8 ueoq o^eq pq1 ser:ads ua,ras 3qpn1cu1 'srnuapua :ajo \ puo6sr ueEuo,nrl urerpJou 6gZ oql 'Ja 'lrlJlsrq aII ldg 43ql ur slueuodordlceford eq1,{q pesserppe Jo III supluor ?oJ?aql oaJolI prnl"log eq ol sanssrr(04 o,ra1erog u.noul ,tFood pue elBu ulrul eql q punoJ srPl ar[ Jo p{qt ? pue erou '(I par?peq o1 preEer qtl1\ 1ueEq.?DV dll1ag) rupcsu,r pasrdorar s

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g raldsqJ there is no indication that any such mapping was on these taxa nor theh security on conservation carried out. Although the conservationstatus of the reserves.This omissionis of someconcem to CALM DRF is briefly mentioned,there is no referenceto given the large number of species involved and the tleir security on existing or proposed conservation very restricted distribution of many. All have a reservesald there are iasufficientdata relating to the geographicrange of less than 160 km with twenty six numbers of populations and iadividuals that exist. For o{ these beiag very geographically restricted with a example,the approximatenumber of plants klown for range of less than 50 km. In addition to the ,E Asterolssia drummondii, Banksia tricuspis and Hakea "wlnembleta\an and seven DRF species there are a megalospermaare provided (ERMP Section4.2.1.5), further 56 regionally endemic taxa (Grifiin et al, L990) but numbers for each populatioa and the distribution which occur wifhin thc project area aad also require of populationsboth within and outside the project suwey and an assessmentof their conservationstatus. area are not presented. Details on the numbersof plants, their distribution anong populations and the The ERMP guidelinesalso require the issue of distribution of these within the project area and the relic populationsto be addressed(ERMP Attacbment proposed conservationreserye at Irsueur are not 1, p 3). Thesepopulations are often of specialinterest presentedfor tle remaining DRF species,namely because of genetic divergence from mahstream Acacia forrestiana, Eucalypns lateitica, Eucalpus populations and can be a valuable genetic resource subereaand Thelymifia stellota. (Hopper and Coates 190). The 48 \uherabletaxa" referred to in the ERMP are stated as including The proponentsmake a number of statementsin SpeCreS'at thelimits of theirlange or in areasoutside their the ERMP in relation to the conservatioustatus of normalranges or habitats"(ERMP Section4.2.1.5, p 4-2A); DRF which require clarfication or are inaccurate. that is, the list includes species which have relic ThesestatemeDts are that: populations in the Irsueur area. AJthough some speciesin this categoryhave beeu listed there are Other suitable sites for Acacia forrestiana eist matryothers, includ.i-ng more commoDspecies, some (ERMP Section 4.2.1.5,p 4.17); however,they fail disjunct, which are at the limit of their range. Typical to mention where these sites are located or their examplesare Jarta\ (Eucalyptusmarginata), Swamp conservationstatus. Ba*sia (Batksia littoralis) al:.d.Br:d\ Batksia (Banksia grundis) (Grrffn et al. 1990). Populations of such Banksia tricuspis is stated as *occuringmosrly in rhe species,however, have not been consideredin the cair.lnerRange area' (ERMP Section4.2.1.5, p 4.19). ERMP. Lilewise, the impacts on populations of plant Current data available to CALM irdicate that this specieswhich are consideredto be relictual havenot speciesis endemicto the Gairdner Raage,i.e. it been assessed.Such speciesrepresent a valuable doesnot occurelsewhere. genetic resource. They include local eademicssuch as *sevenlhundred individuals' (ERMP Section4.2.1.5, p Dan+inia sanguinea, Hakea megalosperma, Hakea 4.2n) of Eucalyptus lateitica atd Eucaly)tus neurophylla,species with disjunct distributions (Hakea suberea exist. Less thar 200 individuals of each marginata, Isopogon sphaerocephalus) and others species are known by CALM. These individuals (hopogon lineais). are distributed among 13 arad 12 populations resoectivelv. 33 IMPACT OF'THE PROJECT ON 4. Thelynitra stellarl, has been the target of uumerous PI-ANT SPECIES surveysby the Western Australian Native Orchid From available hformation, the irnpact of reducing Study and ConservatiouGroup and botanistsfrom population numbers on the risk of extinction for CALM. The results of such surveysindicate that it almost all rare, poorly known and regionally endemic is a very rare species and not poorly known as taxa is unknown, Data on cryptogams in the Lesueur stated in the ERMP (Section4.2.1.5, p 4.20). lt area have not no "poorly known" was the nost appropriate statusfor been collected,so statementon potentialimpacts on thesegroups can be made. this species then it would not fulfil the survey requiremeotsfor declarationas a rare speciesas 331 DeclaredRare Flora outlined in CALM's Policy Statement No. 9 (Hoppere, a/. 1990). Available CALM survey data (Table 3.1) enable a The proponents list and recognisethe importance quantitativeassessment ofthe impactof the project on of 48 'wherable taxa"which occur in the proposed the numbers of the sevenspecies of DRF affected in conservation reserve at Lesuew (ERMP Table 4.7); the proposed conservationreserve at Lesueur, however, the distdbution and conservation status of thesespecies has not beendetermined. Therefore, no Within 16simpact zone (Table 3.1,Figure 1.L) all assessmenthas been made of the inpact of the project species exceptAcacia fonestiana would be affected. EZ

'selcads rnrao ol punoJ ueaq a ?q Bxpl 1q?1e cruapua 'srrurapue ',{€,rlq€rH puor8er eql lO spueprn eql ,(1puode.r 3o D(oluoa eql u1 ecuecr3rdrs uorle rasuot JO lSeA\pu? SJe^rUurnd-rl pu? oJooIAI aql uee,/iuoq ?arB prmds serceds eql Jeqrrnu e8rel z uo lcedut ;o Jo eql 'u?8uo,tq uJeqlou eql ol crEepue oro't sareads luuogrdrs p e pq plnoa{ peford aqt leql elurTpu 'to lupld tpql peururetep (OSA1) ra urJJrg sJllsq?]s aseql 'sJruepue puofeJ eql Suorue uxul 692 uaroul ,(1rood sfo,r-ms raqUq {q pelerlwlsqns 3o JI 'er3q^{eqepu" ?eJ?mense'I eql o' JrrrepunqP pq" lortnqrJlsrp asr.rardl:qt qsa|qets:r 'uotyd nlsnsy o1 de,rms raqgng ermber feql pue an8ra sr suorppdod pue un4dloutf,1od'1yu umqolotlduog'oln1nqods nr 'u,tou1 'na,t6.to 's\pru Jo sqoqurol lcuxe eqt ,{pood ere s1ue1desaql olnlnlJno nalog oluosJato{ DruoosJad 'elqnsod fueu t"ql uorlnuc e,tr q8noqllp q peford 'Dputat DJaqto4al'snayods sryoaostqa' uo1(rolotueoq Jo '(ZL6t 'y'g) 'ge eqr fq palreJp scnuepua puoder ;o suorlelndod ;y srud{1otng *.35IrC urylotgta u \ou{ Jo srequmu aql ;o srs,{pue ,{reuurle:d y otuul,{1ntod{1y apnlcur (sercads CdO eql Supnpxa) 'pelord potrsJJP eq !1r\l"ql ?xBl rlEapue dllEuodeu srpropuoIBuoISau z€"€ qqt f,q per.€dur eq 11r\ 1eqt ouoz eql q*{ seprrrnor 'e^resar srql pasodord aq1 ;o >1co1qurets€e eql u.rql!t\ '€eJ?rnenseT e{l ur ?rou 3r"r aql uo 'Zt) '(7 suorleJndod e^vq (obqg sp{ql o4 xpuaddy pefo:d aqt ;o pudur eql ;o ?utpuulsrepunalunbepe '066I 'p 'lueulmDer p aSpyqmg) mense'I roJ pesodord e,uaser u? dole^ep ol Jprluessaaq pFon oorte^r:suoJ aql q scrur3puJ [€qo€JJ TIT cql Jo 3uq1ug sropey IsJuuJ Jeqlo puu sJrueu,(p uorppdod uo serpnls ql!$ paulquoc 'qreordd? .o/,sl $oqe srq; '(9661saleo3 puu .reddog14961 alnog) pasqcerd urqlra\ elemcc" Sueq se pelerdralut eq pFoqs ,i(rolloJ q luerue8zuzru orlaueS a,rqce ssalun ecuenbasuoc 'o6y1sr qrrqr\ sorlsrlplslredur egt'snqa saqceordde e se ,{1a4q sr norlorntro uoqepdod go .{lrpqeqo:d 'pelelo$ o^! eql uee,rleq ersereJJJp lusc red aSere.nu peJrnqtre uV pue flerus oruoJeqsuorlepdod 'slsp €qJ ,(ems pleg pelrelap Sursn 000 09:I tB ueq,{ ssel rc t%08pur.or:. o1 do.rp deu alou n ob1g Surdduu elurncce qlp\ p3reduoJ qouorddu Surddeu ;o Surpeerqlno;o qe el Iswrou leql u \oqs amq (9961 000 000 I:I oql Smsn suopulndod u,nou4 uo pedun uosdrups) Dqtuopoq.tsryd{1otng p pue (peqqlqndun 'ggq Jo selermlsa sereduor t'€ elqpl ;o serceds sa1uoJprr" ue^\nae.l ue^) sldsnzw Dr$!trrg ;o suelsds 'qcreasar uales aql Jo esBJ eql ut alqulre^? $ slcedur Surleunse Surl"ur eql ;o srs,{puu arudzug ygarec ur qceo-rdde srq ;o r(cumccu eg1 uo qceqc 1qesn V Suumbar relluw ? sr suorlepdod alqprl alnlqsuoJ p1no,r\ menss-1 l? elreser uollvlresuor pesodord 'peunuJatap sel\ lJafo.l6 ralrS eql ut slueld Sursruwsr aW lou ro reqlaq4\ IIIH er Jo euoz lcedur eq1 uIqI&\ dlqrssod sroyereql pue mense'I le ealaseJ uorl?aressor pesodord aqt 'auoz Dsdur eql ur rr.lao ouogsaao! Jo lJolq uJalseJ aqt urqt!\\ srruapuJ 1uuo6:: esaqt opoJv lo suollepdod ou prrc op ats o41u44aqa 'uoltlpps 'mense-I So Jo eruerm.ro alqrssod eql uI ls uorppdod euo 1eq1lueuea.ds sr ereql dleapcedser 'selraseJ oaJeser uorFlrosrroc pesodord oqt Surpnlcut lsq?1q%Ufi pue ob09en pedur ro3senp s.l I.M uoll"^resuo, pasodo:d pue Surlsxe IIB ur psuruJelep anqN nutadsolo&au Da4DHpuu ocyyalol srydQotng sutl orrrermr3o rleql pue peFnor ss^\ mogepdod JoJ pJrJtunorue osIB JJB auoz lredur eqt ur 'u,rrou{ peddeu ,(lsleredes Jo requmu lptol rmJo qsrqA\slsnprNpul Jo roqrunu oql uI soruoroJlq 'ue?uo,nq 'palroJJu eq1 uJeq ou eql rn selJaseJ uorlualasuoe aq m.m qunpl,rpul u.{\ou)l Jo o/o9'I $oq? ':eae.to11 'Dzdur pesodord puu Suqsxe 1e ;o seuepunoq Swroqs ,{1uo 1eql 1se33nselep s,1411r73 deru aseq m0 000 I:I ? oluo pellold erel{ srrruepua JO auoz oql uqlu\ oJ? sPnPppq u \oul Jo az09 ol puo6er 111 eql Jo suoqqnqod u,rouq qy dn l?gl ells sluauodordeql eseJpql uI'l!puoratarup fllsolo.DJry fllslJedse 'seDeds ewos ro! (Z'z'9 'ue8uo,lirl 'slusuodord ureqpou eql uI adeseJ uoqceg1419) ueld sunu eql uo posuq pasodord ro 6m1sxe reqto ,{uu ueql a,r.raserposodord aql ,{q popr ord osoql qtytr ls?ruor ?l?p osaql qql uorJ paproJer uaaq JA?qstrnapoa Juuodar aro61 '(g'g alqel) msnse'I lp ouesar uorlp^ramoc pasodord 'pefo4sapoq pFo,$ eqt ol mJro t t I lpql pelpJrpm s:r.r:ds .rnnapoa ndsntyl orstluogJo %90I plJe DalaqnssrydQncnx 'ouuadsolo8aut 'oJuuatDl dgeuoder eql Jo uoqnqulslp eqt Jo $sdIBEV lo ob 8II DaloH lo obgtl 'oro srydqnng lo.,/oSZ ats ullutQaql lo obg'gV .Q'E '?eru Jnonse'I aq1 ro; pesodord elrasoJ uorleA.resuot alqu;) se,uaser pesodord ro Suqso

Impact on lhclared RaIt Flora in fte Lcsueur area ofthe proposeil Hill River koject

Total In pro.posed Iqpact area coNervanon reserve

No.Pop No, Plants Pop Pop Plants. Acada forestiana number 9m 8m 0 0 7o total populations 80.0 89.1 0 0 % PCRI pbpulations 0 0

Astemlasia drurnmondii number 13 3v2 U- LU2 2 55 7o total oooulations u-.6 55.1 15.4 1.6 7o PCR'po'pulations 78.2 3.0

BanlcsiaUicuspis number 72 19031 65 L8940 13 20L6 70 total DoDulations $.3 97.2 18.1 10.6 7o PCR'pobulations m.0 10.5

Euca$pns lateritica number .t_:t ?ffi 8 160 2 q 7o total oooulations 61.5 61.5 15.4 155 % PCR'po'pulations 25.0 25.4

Eucalypus suberea numher 12 2q 9 L70 LM 7o total populations 75_.O 70.8 83 83 7o PCR populations 11.1 11.8

Hakea megalosperma nunber L2 t3?5 12V2 250 7o total oooulations 58.3 90.6 t

Thetymitrasteuata nunber 12 55 4 11 I 5

7o total populations JJ.J m.0 8.3 9.L % PCR populations 25.0 45.5

7oTOTAL POPUTATIONS 69.0 '4.869.2 (isE ) 18.1 % PC?.POPI,JI-ATIONS (a sE)

'PCR = Propcsed Lesueur C4lservatio! Res€we --

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Jnanse'I ltr elreseJ uollulJasuot Pasodord eql ol aJuaJaJeJql1n snlqs uollr JeseJ .{q ueEuo,${ uequou aql Jo sJr-urepuelBuofe.r 6SZ oqt Jo uopnq!^qs!(

?€ etqBr only ia the easterusection of the proposedreserve at However, studies such as that of Coates and James Lesueur (Table 3.5) and therefore may not be (1979) and Coates (1980) on Stylidium represented in the reserve should the project receive crossocephalumindicate that major genetic variation approval. All are represented elsewhere on may lie hidden within a commou species. A project conservationreserves. like the one proposedby the proponents il the ERMP has the potential to destroy local genetic races in such Perhaps of greater concern are the nine taxa species,but the actual potential impact is unknown endemic to the proposed conservationreserve and the becauseno more than a handful of Lesueur's ca 700 impact that the project will haveoD them (Grfffin et al. widespreadspecies have been studied throughout 1990, Table 5.6). Hypocalymma aff. eicifulium (E.A. their rangeby population geneticists. Grrttn 1972) has two knowa populations, one of which occurs in the zone to be impacted by the 3.4RE.ESTABLISHMENT OF project. Comparable figures for Eucalyptus aff, REGIONAL ENDEMIC PI-ANTS hsematoxylon (E.A. Griffin 2451) are seven populations with a possibility of three beiog affected The proponentsproposed to re-establishDRF and wlile Penoonia rudis, Grevillea thelemanniana ssp. other rare regionalendemics as part of the project's delta ar.d Gompholobium aff. polynorphum (F,A. rehabilitation program. Altho,,gh commendable, Griffu 2304) each have three populations of which re-introduction ard establishment of any of the one may be affected. Leucopogonplumuliflorus has six regionally endemic taxa is likely to be a difhcult task populations of which one may be affected.None of the unless ecosystem reconstruction is achievable (see two known populations of Andersonia longifolia, frve Rehabilitation, Chapter 7). Furthermore, if of Phlebocaryapilosissima ssp. terctifolia \or the o\e establishnent is achieved there is still the need to of Resrio sp. (Bnggs 7a73 and Jobasou) are known to ensure the long term survival of the new populations. occur in the impact zone. Urgent further surveyof all Genetic structuring within populations, levels of tlese endemics is a high priority to adequatelyassess genetic variability and inbreeding are all factors the inpact of the project on the conservationstatus of essentialia population survival (Soule 1987), yet with thesespecies. the exception of Banksia tricuspis, Eucalyptuslateritica ax.d Eucalpws suberea lbls in-formation is not There are twenty six very geographicallyrestricted availablefor regional endemicsor any other taxa likely taxa (maximum range 50 krn) that occur ia the project to be used in re-introductionprogr:uns. Given our area. Twenty of these taxa are not known ou existing current lack of understandingof genetic factors, conservationreserves (Table 3.6). mmpetition and demographic factors ir population survival the chancesof successfulre-establisbment of 333 Taxa at their northern or rare plant populations is unlikely, without further southernlimit extensiveresearch.

There are 81 specieswithin the proposedconservation The following are a number of issues, some reserve at Lesueur which exist at the northern and relevart to poiats made in the ERMP, relating to the southernlimit of their distribution.Of these,45 may re-introductionof rare plant speciesto the Lesueur be affected by the project as they occur wirhin the areawhich will needto be addressed. project irnpact zone or ia the eastern section of the proposedreserve (Burbidge el al- 1990,Appendix 1). 1. Althongh seed from many Westorn Australian Ten are not found elsewhere on the proposed plant species can be readily collected and conservation reserve and six of these, including germinated there are some native species, speciessuch as,4c acia drummondii, Thelymitracinita pafiicularly in certain groups (e.g. Epacridaceae, amdBsumea preissii, are at the northern limit of a Restionaceae,Rutaceae) where this is not possible continuous distribution. The renaining four, or has so far proved to be very difficult. Eucalpfirs 6ilis , Goodenia Iasciculata, Polypomphoty mulffida ard Utriculaia menziesii are 2. The ERMP provides no hard data on the disjunct northem outliers of otherwise more southern propagation of DRF or any other regional plant for rehabilitation distributions. Populations of species with such endemic species targeted prograrus. distdbutions are signficant because they may be of relictual origin, and therefore are of evolutionary The proponentsstate that potted plarts of rare signihcance and important in the conservationof the specieswill be usedto re-establishsuch species on geneticresources of eachspecies. rehabfitation sites and that such re-establishment will not occur in the eady stages of rehabilitation 3.34Widespread species (ERMP Section5.12.3). Bankia tricuspiswould be best suited to introduction in the early stagesof the Populations of many widespread species will be rehabilitation progran, especially if it is to be destroyedshould the project proceed.Depletion of introduced as seed or seedlings. This approach such populations need not necessarilybe of concern. o/oAZ 9I unuDlptroplow anlplNs obgr EI outlss1so11d' dss nutls s1so11d o{toto qa7q4 obll L ouolaro, DrPuDttQ oy'r|l 68 sapnuruDxDlpuotrl o/ogl 7Z (fO5f "SItC'Vg) su4od'1y uprmtuq 'Vg) %0(, 09 (OSWugFC ottulot'W DlpuDtre obSa Jop)rq ouoJrtfrzg ob6r IT uo1fildmuot1ct1srymg

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sabads eqt roJ u \oDl suorreFdod elq?ddsu Jo .roqunu plol * G) obg (e) ObLI qn as D4nu&aql (T) ol)gZ (6) obtE outadsolo&autna4og (zr) obg QI) obLl naaqns srydQocng (fl) %sr (6) 06II Dryyatotsntdtpxng (zL) obSl (a) obL9 sldsnla olstluog (n) ob'r (9) O6EE llpuoraurup DlsDpDtsv G) oho , (s) %0 ouogsatot otmty

00009:r 000m0 r:r e|E S Euldd8l^l paJo.rtr.ra,r.rg pg pesodord eql ,{q pel&tga BloU a.re1parupeq;o suopelndod .lqudduu 1uet rad Table 3.6

Very geographicallyreshict€d taxa (maximum range 50 lim) that occur wiftin the Hill River hoj€ct al!a, Tteir total number of bown mappable populadons (St 1:1 000000 scale)and the percentageof there poputations on currelt consa|aadonrjeservcg. Species Total number Voon mappablepop. conservationreserves

Acaciarctona 8 t2 Banksiatricuspis 12 0 Duwinia helichrysoidcs 9 0 Dauiesiasp. (M-D. Crisp621!}) 5 m Daviesiaepipltylhm 4 0 Daiesia q. (loID. Crisp5a29) 8 0 Drys dn sclercphylla 35 2. Eucafuus afr.homatuylon 0 Eucowtus latedtica 13 7 Eucallyttussuberca L1 0 Gerasnw. aff.Ecdeiocolea EA. GrifEn2157 7 2a Gompholfriwn atr,po Worphun (E3.. Griffrn u{X) J 0 Grcvilleaa$ob ofr! o ssp,wifoflna o 0 Grevilleathelernanniana sspo delto 0 H akzaainace a var. longitlora 8 72 Hakeaneurophylla 10 0 Hypocalywna atr.eictfolium 0 Leucopogonphunuliflorus 6 0 Potentoniaatgrea 0 Penooniarudis .' 0 Phlebocaryspilosissima *sp. terctifolia 5 0 Stylidiwnazonioifus 6 16 Tetrothecarcmota 2 0 Thysanousatr. spatteus J 0 Tltysanotusvemalis 4 0 XanthNia tomentosa 15 0

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