Reception of the Zhuangzi Text
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Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: the Emergence of the Yunnanese
Between Winds and Clouds Bin Yang Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese Introduction As the state began sending soldiers and their families, predominantly Han Chinese, to Yunnan, 1 the Ming military presence there became part of a project of colonization. Soldiers were joined by land-hungry farmers, exiled officials, and profit-driven merchants so that, by the end of the Ming period, the Han Chinese had become the largest ethnic population in Yunnan. Dramatically changing local demography, and consequently economic and cultural patterns, this massive and diverse influx laid the foundations for the social makeup of contemporary Yunnan. The interaction of the large numbers of Han immigrants with the indigenous peoples created a 2 new hybrid society, some members of which began to identify themselves as Yunnanese (yunnanren) for the first time. Previously, there had been no such concept of unity, since the indigenous peoples differentiated themselves by ethnicity or clan and tribal affiliations. This chapter will explore the process that led to this new identity and its reciprocal impact on the concept of Chineseness. Using primary sources, I will first introduce the indigenous peoples and their social customs 3 during the Yuan and early Ming period before the massive influx of Chinese immigrants. Second, I will review the migration waves during the Ming Dynasty and examine interactions between Han Chinese and the indigenous population. The giant and far-reaching impact of Han migrations on local society, or the process of sinicization, that has drawn a lot of scholarly attention, will be further examined here; the influence of the indigenous culture on Chinese migrants—a process that has won little attention—will also be scrutinized. -
A New Examination of Confucius' Rectification of Names
Journal of chinese humanities � (���6) �47-�7� brill.com/joch A New Examination of Confucius’ Rectification of Names Cao Feng (曹峰) Professor of Philosophy, Renmin University, China [email protected] Translated by Brook Hefright Abstract Confucius’ explanation of the “rectification of names” is not necessarily related to the theories of “social status” and “names and actuality.” The reason scholars have inter- preted the rectification of names in the Analects in so many different ways is, to a large degree, due to assumptions about Confucius’ thinking by his successors, and based on the views on rectification of names among later generations. In the course of the devel- opment of thinking about names, scholars have augmented Confucius’ own explana- tion, gradually fleshing it out from an empty shell into a substantial edifice. The original meaning may have been very simple: Confucius did not wish to establish a standard system of names. Rather, he was simply the first person in history to realize the impor- tance of language in politics. As a politician, Confucius noticed and foresaw the influ- ence that the indeterminacy, ambiguity, and arbitrariness of names could have on politics. He discerned the political consequences when language could not accurately express meaning or when there was no way for people to accurately perceive it. He also recognized how names, as a way of clarifying right and wrong and establishing norms, could have a great effect on a society’s politics. Although Confucius noted that disunity in speech could lead to disunity in politics, he did not propose a solution. -
Feng Youlan's Interpretation of Western Philosophy
ASIANetwork Exchange | Fall 2014 | volume 22 | 1 Feng Youlan’s Interpretation of Western Philosophy: A Critical Examination from the Perspective of Metaphysical Methodology Derong Chen Abstract: This paper concentrates on Feng’s interpretation of Western philosophy from the perspective of metaphysical methodology and aims to display a limited observation of Feng’s interpretation of Western philosophy through the window of metaphysical methodology. Based on a brief review of the recent studies of Feng Youlan and Western philoso- phy, this paper analyzes the progress and insufficient aspects in current studies on this issue and particularly clarifies what are the metaphysics and metaphysical methods in the context of Feng Youlan’s philosophy. In clarifying Feng’s interpreta- tion of Western philosophy from the perspective of methodology, this paper further critically analyzes Feng’s positive metaphysical methods and negative metaphysical methods, and assumes that Feng’s negative metaphysical methods essentially is a kind of attitude towards metaphysics but neither a kind of metaphysics nor a kind of metaphysical methods. Instead of characterizing metaphysical methods as positive and negative as Feng did, this paper suggests an alternative division of metaphysical methods: direct and indirect methods of dealing with metaphysical issues. Keywords Feng Youlan; metaphysics; metaphysical methods; Western philosophy; negative metaphysics In the twentieth century, Feng Youlan was one of the Chinese intellectuals most deeply Derong Chen is a Sessional involved in the dialogue and interaction between Chinese and Western philosophies. In Lecturer II at the University of addition to studying Western philosophy at Columbia University, he systematically con- Toronto Mississauga. ducted research on Western philosophy, specifically the philosophy of life. -
Introduction: Five Trends in Confucian Studies
1 INTRODUCTION: FIVE TRENDS IN CONFUCIAN STUDIES John Zijiang Ding For over a decade, Confucian studies have gone through several evolutions and developments. From 2010 to today, this area has delivered a number of the fine scholars. This special issue of JET will examine the works of those Confucian scholars who have advanced significantly in the last few years in certain genres, and also share our thoughts on where certain tendencies are heading in the near future. For this purpose, we will analyze and compare five current trends in Confucian studies: global-contextualism, Asian-modernism, Asian-Americanism,multi-comparativism, and classical-textualism. We will offer an overview of these five trends revealing how each of them comprise a significant movement in Confucian studies. In addressing each, we will provide certain theoretical critiques and the responses to those critiques. The main thrust of this issue is to examine the similarities and differences among (between) those scholarly inquiries as well as to justify those research programs which are debatable, controversial and even confusing. I. Confucian Studies Based on Global-Contextualism Generally, contextualism means that any system of claims, values, and activities cannot be understood outside of the real cultural context in which they occur. For many scholars, to understand the philosophical background of contextualism is very helpful in exploring the real meanings of these crucial concepts in Confucianism. A modern practice of classical Confucianism requires a contextualist interpretation of the world. As virtue, consequent or normative ethics, Confucianism should be contextualized, globalized, and developed as the modern way of thinking emphasizing rationality and practice over traditional considerations. -
Postmodernism and Classical Chinese Philosophy
Cultural and Religious Studies, March 2016, Vol. 4, No. 3, 194-203 doi: 10.17265/2328-2177/2016.03.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Postmodernism and Classical Chinese Philosophy Yong-Kang Wei University of Texas (RGV), Texas, USA While over two thousand years apart, Western postmodernism and ancient Chinese philosophy share some extraordinary similarities, especially epistemology wise. For example, they both recognize the role of language in constructing, and limiting, knowledge and reality. This is because thinkers of different cultures and geographical regions, and of different historical periods, can possibly come up with similar philosophical conclusions when addressing what is commonly known as the “human condition”. The paper will discuss, in general terms, some of the philosophical similarities between postmodernism and classical Chinese philosophy; it will also take a close look at three concepts in Chinese philosophy that register strong affinity with Western postmodernism: namely, change, dialectic, and relativism. Keywords: postmodernism, modernism, classical Chinese philosophy Introduction Postmodernism, as a philosophical concept, was first introduced in China by Fredric R. Jameson in 1985, when he was lecturing on “postmodernism” and “cultural theory” at Peking University (Wang, 2008). So readers may immediately sense a chronological incongruity between postmodernism and classical Chinese philosophy. However, it is quite possible, I would argue, that thinkers of different cultures and geographical regions, and of different historical periods, can come up with similar conclusions when addressing what is commonly known as the “human condition”. For example, Confucius’ “己所不欲,勿施于人” (Don’t do things to others that you don’t want done to yourself) is echoed, almost identically, in the Christian Bible, and Protagoras’ (490-420 B.C.) paradox rings very similar to the “two-argument” theory (两可论) of Deng Xi1 (邓 析, 545-501 B.C.), a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period. -
MEMORIES, MATERS and the MYSTIQUE
MEMORIES, MATERS and the MYSTIQUE Submitted by VALARIE ROBINSON T.I.T.C. Bed. (LIB), BVA (HONS) STUDENT NO. 14314179 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the MASTER OF VISUAL ART- by RESEARCH SUPERVISORS: NEIL FETTLING STEPHEN TURPIE School of Visual Arts and Design Faculty of Humanities and Social Science La Trobe University Bundoora, Victoria, 3086 Australia APRIL 2011 - 1 - ABSTRACT What was the contribution of the women who pioneered Mildura? The contribution and the endowment made by female pioneers to Mildura, is rarely recorded or acknowledged in historical documents and newspapers locally. Through reading about pioneer women in Australia, novels written between the 1880’s and 1920 and the role of women in history and prehistory, I researched why women, not just the pioneers, have become almost invisible in written records. The laws of the land and the customs of the Christian Church perpetuated the myth that women were the weaker sex and doomed them to life in the background supporting the hero, the masculine1. Male dominated perspective of feminine crafts such as embroidery and the fibre arts contributed to their exclusion from the mainstream of art and their rejection by art historians.2 With the rise of feminism in the 1890’s and more radically and profoundly in the 1970’s, the acceptance of the value of both women and women’s work, became possible.3 Art made a century ago by males and females confirmed the evidence of biased historical documentation in books and newspapers. However contemporary artists now use a variety of media without specific boundaries to express their concepts, emotions, criticisms on life. -
Christian Scholar Xu Guangqi and the Spread of Catholicism in Shanghai
Asian Culture and History; Vol. 7, No. 1; 2015 ISSN 1916-9655 E-ISSN 1916-9663 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Christian Scholar Xu Guangqi and the Spread of Catholicism in Shanghai Shi Xijuan1 1 Doctoral Programme, Graduate School of Humanities, Kyushu University, Japan Correspondence: Shi Xijuan, Doctoral Programme, Graduate School of Humanities, Kyushu University, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 28, 2014 Accepted: November 6, 2014 Online Published: November 13, 2014 doi:10.5539/ach.v7n1p199 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v7n1p199 Abstract Xu Guangqi, one of the first and most notable Christian scholars in the Ming Dynasty, cast a profound influence on the spread of Catholicism in Shanghai. After his conversion, Xu Guangqi successfully proselytized all of his family members by kinship and affinity, a fact that was foundational to the development of Jesuit missionary work in Shanghai. His social relationships with pupils, friends, and officials also significantly facilitated the proliferation of Catholicism in Shanghai. This paper expands the current body of literature on Chinese–Christian scholar Xu Guangqi and his role in the spread of Catholicism in Shanghai during the late Ming and early Qing. Though there are several extant studies on this topic, most of them focus on Xu’s personal achievements and neglect the areas that this paper picks up: the role of Xu’s family and social status in his proliferate evangelism, and the longevity his influence had even beyond his own time. Through this approach, this paper aims to attain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of Xu Guangqi’s influence on the dissemination and perdurance of Catholicism in Shanghai. -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
The Jesuit Translation and Interpretation of the Yijing (Classic of Changes) in Historical and Cultural Perspective
International Forum of Teaching and Studies Vol. 16 No. 2 2020 The Jesuit Translation and Interpretation of the Yijing (Classic of Changes) in Historical and Cultural Perspective Yang Ping Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, China [Abstract] This article examines the Jesuit translation and interpretation of the Yijing (I Ching, or Classic of Changes) from the historical and cultural perspective. The Jesuits dissected Chinese characters for religious interpretation, equated the trigrams and hexagrams with Christian conceptions, and linked Chinese cultural heroes with biblical figures in order to establish compatibility between the Yijing and the Bible. Although the Jesuit hermeneutical strategy described as “Figurism” failed in the end, this interpretive approach was part of a long tradition of Yijing exegesis, textual transmission, and cultural transformations, which sheds new light on questions of cross-cultural exchanges and understanding. [Keywords] The Yijing, Jesuits, translation, interpretation, Figurism Introduction The Yijing (I Ching, or Classic of Changes, 易經) began as a divination manual about three thousand years ago in ancient China, but it evolved to become “the first of the [Chinese] classics.” With its philosophical sophistication, psychological potential, and encyclopedic comprehensiveness, it has had unrivalled prestige in China since ancient times. As Steve Moore puts it: “If the importance of books is measured by the numbers of their readers, the amount of commentary written on them, the quantity of editions and translations…then surely two would appear far ahead of the rest of the field. One, of course, is the Christian Bible. The other, though it may surprise readers brought up in Western traditions of literature and learning (and especially those who regard it as little more than a fortune-telling book), is the I Ching, or “Book of Changes” (Hacker et al., 2002, p. -
Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice
Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice PUBLICATIONS COORDINATION: Dinah Berland EDITING & PRODUCTION COORDINATION: Corinne Lightweaver EDITORIAL CONSULTATION: Jo Hill COVER DESIGN: Jackie Gallagher-Lange PRODUCTION & PRINTING: Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZERS: Erma Hermens, Art History Institute of the University of Leiden Marja Peek, Central Research Laboratory for Objects of Art and Science, Amsterdam © 1995 by The J. Paul Getty Trust All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-89236-322-3 The Getty Conservation Institute is committed to the preservation of cultural heritage worldwide. The Institute seeks to advance scientiRc knowledge and professional practice and to raise public awareness of conservation. Through research, training, documentation, exchange of information, and ReId projects, the Institute addresses issues related to the conservation of museum objects and archival collections, archaeological monuments and sites, and historic bUildings and cities. The Institute is an operating program of the J. Paul Getty Trust. COVER ILLUSTRATION Gherardo Cibo, "Colchico," folio 17r of Herbarium, ca. 1570. Courtesy of the British Library. FRONTISPIECE Detail from Jan Baptiste Collaert, Color Olivi, 1566-1628. After Johannes Stradanus. Courtesy of the Rijksmuseum-Stichting, Amsterdam. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Historical painting techniques, materials, and studio practice : preprints of a symposium [held at] University of Leiden, the Netherlands, 26-29 June 1995/ edited by Arie Wallert, Erma Hermens, and Marja Peek. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-89236-322-3 (pbk.) 1. Painting-Techniques-Congresses. 2. Artists' materials- -Congresses. 3. Polychromy-Congresses. I. Wallert, Arie, 1950- II. Hermens, Erma, 1958- . III. Peek, Marja, 1961- ND1500.H57 1995 751' .09-dc20 95-9805 CIP Second printing 1996 iv Contents vii Foreword viii Preface 1 Leslie A. -
Herbert Allen Giles (1845-1935) and Pu Songling’S Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
Herbert Allen Giles (1845-1935) and Pu Songling’s Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio John Minford Culture & Translation Series Lecture Three Hang Seng Management College 27 February 2016 It must however always be borne in mind that translators are but traitors at the best, and that translations may be moonlight and water while the originals are sunlight and wine. — Herbert Giles, 16 October 1883 Dear Land of Flowers, forgive me! — that I took These snatches from thy glittering wealth of song, And twisted to the uses of a book Strains that to alien harps can ne’er belong. Thy gems shine purer in their native bed Concealed, beyond the pry of vulgar eyes; Until, through labyrinths of language led, The patient student grasps the glowing prize. Yet many, in their race toward other goals, May joy to feel, albeit at second-hand, Some far faint heart-throb of poetic souls Whose breath makes incense in the Flowery Land. — Herbert Giles, October 1898, Cambridge Chronology Born 1845, son of John Allen Giles (1808-1884), unconventional Anglican priest Educated at Charterhouse School 1867: Entered China Consular Service, stationed in Peking trained as Student Interpreter. Served in numerous posts in the Treaty Ports (Tientsin, Ningpo, Hankow, Swatow, Amoy), including Taiwan — the China Coast In Amoy involved in setting up the Freemasons Lodge 1892-1893: retired to Britain 1897: became Professor of Chinese (successor to Thomas Wade) at Cambridge until 1928 His children: Bertram, Valentine, Lancelot, Edith, Mable, and Lionel Giles. Publications A Chinese-English dictionary (1892); a Biographical Dictionary (1898); a Glossary of Reference (1878); complete translation of Zhuangzi 莊子 — Chuang-Tzu, Mystic, Moralist and Social Reformer (1889) Anthologies of Verse and Prose (1923) Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 聊齋志異, 1880, revised 1908, 1916, 1925. -
From Taoism to Einstein Ki
FROM TAOISM TO EINSTEIN KI (ãC)and RI (óù) in Chinese and Japanese Thought. A Survey Olof G. Lidin (/Special page/ To Arild, Bjørk, Elvira and Zelda) CONTENTS Acknowledgements and Thanks 1 Prologue 2-7 Contents I. Survey of the Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy INTRODUCTION 8-11 1. The Neo-Confucian Doctrine 11-13 2. Investigation of and Knowledge of ri 14-25 3. The Origin and Development of the ri Thought 25-33 4. The Original ki thought 33-45 5. How do ri and ki relate to each other? 45-50 5.1 Yi T’oe-gye and the Four versus the Seven 50-52 6. Confucius and Mencius 52-55 7. The Development of Neo- Confucian Thought in China 55-57 7. 1 The Five Great Masters 57-58 7. 2 Shao Yung 58-59 7. 3 Chang Tsai 59-63 7. 4 Chou Tun-i 63-67 7. 5 Ch’eng Hao and Ch’eng I 67-69 8. Chu Hsi 69-74 9. Wang Yang-ming 74-77 10. Heaven and the Way 77-82 11. Goodness or Benevolence (jen) 82-85 12. Human Nature and kokoro 85-90 13. Taoism and Buddhism 90-92 14. Learning and Quiet Sitting 92-96 15. Neo-Confucian Thought in Statecraft 96-99 16. Neo-Confucian Historical (ki) Realism 99-101 17. Later Chinese and Japanese ri-ki Thought 101-105 II. Survey of Confucian Intellectuals in Tokugawa Japan INTRODUCTION 105-111 1. Fujiwara Seika 111-114 2. Matsunaga Sekigo 114-115 3. Hayashi Razan 115-122 3.1 Fabian Fukan 122-124 4.