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Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants in Dharchula Himalayas of Pithoragarh District, Uttaranchal

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Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants in Dharchula Himalayas of Pithoragarh District, Uttaranchal Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 4(2), April 2005, pp. 199-207 ,Traditionally used medicinal plants in Dharchula Himalayas of Pithoragarh district, Uttaranchal . S S GarbyaJ, KK Aggarwal* & C R Babu' School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmiri Gate, Delhi 110006 'Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007 Received 17 August 2004; revised 19 October 2004 An attempt has been made to evaluate the traditionally used medicinal plants found in Dharchula areas of Kumaon Himalayas in Pithoragarh district, Uttaranchal, North India. The reported plant species are also highly valued in the Indian, Tibetan and Chinese Systems of Medicine. Based on interactions with the locals and traders and considering the potentials of some species for developing new drugs, the value of the species of medicinal importance occurring in the area has been worked out. The value is high enough for taking appropriate measures to conserve these valuable species and use them sustainable for the economic upliftment of the region. Keywords: Dharchula, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Sustainable use, Economics, Economic upliftment, Ethnomedicine, Endangered plants, Medicinal Plants trade 7 IPC Int. C1 : A61K35178;A61PI/04; A61PlI06; A61PlIlO;A61PI1l4; A61Pl1104; A61PIll08; A61P13/04;A61Pl5/04; A61PI5/08; A61P17/00; A61P19/02; A61P27102; A61P3/06; A61P33110 A study was conducted to document the medicinal forskohlii Briq., Cordyceps sinensis Sacco (FigA), plants used traditionally in Dharchula areas of Conaria nepalensis Wall., Corydalis govaniana Kumaon Himalayas in Pithoragarh district, Wall., Dactylorhiza hatagirea Soo. (Fig. 5,6), Uttaranchal (Fig. la,b). Study areas comprised of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall., Duchesnia indica Focke., three valleys i.e. Darma, Chaundas and Byas covering Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb., Fagopyrum esculentum about 261 sq km. There are 50 inhabited villages in Moench, F. tataricum Gaertn., Fraxinus micrantha the area having a total population of 14664 (Table 1). Lingelscheim, Geranium wallichianum D. Don, Forest department has banned collection of some Gerardinia heterophylla, Hippophae salicifolia D. plant species (Table 2). Area is known for varieties of Don, H. tibetana Schldl., Hyoscyamus niger Linn., species of medicinal importance which are not only Impatiens scabrida DC., I. Glandulifera Royle, non used traditionally but also highly valued in Indian, Arn., I. Balsamina Linn., Iris kumaonensis Wall., Tibetan and Chinese Systems of Medicine. Species Juglans regia Linn., Lilium oxypetalum Baker., Malva that are traded most in the region and their value sylvestris Linn., Malva verticillata Linn., Mazus according to 2003 sale prices are given in Table 3. surculosus,Nardostachys jatamansi DC., Paris Naturally occurring plant species, which are used by polyphylla Sm.(Fig.7,8), Parnassia nubicola Wall. ex locals for treatment of general ailments, have been Royle, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. (Fig. 9,10), enlisted (Table 4). Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Pinus wallichiana A..B. During the study, over 70 plant species were Jackson, Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Polygonum documented for their traditional uses. These were amplexicaule D. Don, P. recumbens,P. rumicifolium Abies spectabilis Spach, Acer caesium Wall ex Royle ex Bab., P. viviparum Linn., Potentilla Brandis, Aconitum balfourii Stapf., A. ferox WaII ex sundaica Kuntze, Prunus cornuta Steud., Pyrus Ser., A. heterophyllum Wall ex Royle, Ainsliaea pashia Buch.-Ham.ex D. Don, P. pyrifolia Nakai, aptera DC, Angelica glauca Edgew., Allium Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn., Rosa sericea Lindl., stracheyii, A rnebia benthamii Johnston Berberis Roscoea alpina, Rubia cordifolia Linn., Rubus chitria Lindl., Bergenia ciliata Sternb. (Fig. 2,3), foliolosus, R. barbatus Edgew., Rumex nepalensis Carum carvi Linn., Cirsium wallichii, Coleus Spreng., Saussurea gossypiphora D. Don, S. lappa C.B.Clarke, Selinum vaginatum C.B.Clarke, Senecio *Corresponding author chrysanthemoides DC., Silene kumaonensis Williams, 200 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL. 4, No.2, APRIL 2005 o Non-forest ~ Water-bodies g District boundary g State boundary Fig. 1a - Forest cover Map of Uttaranchal (Source: Forest Survey of India, Dehradun) Cbamoli TIBET District Bagesbwar District • Dense forest Study area (in km' ) D Open forest Water bndies - 8.02 Scrub Non Forest area - 2035.44 (inclusive of area under snew) D Non·forest S<:mb area • 11.53 Open Forest area - 39.36 Dease Forest area - 127.40 ~ Water~ies Fig. 1b - Forest cover Map of Pithoragarh district, Uttaranchal (Source: Forest Survey of India, Dehradun) GARBYAL et al : TRADITIONALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF PITHORAGARH DISTRICT 201 Fig. 2 - Bergenia ciliata Sternb. plant Fig. 3 - Bergenia ciliata Sternb roots Fig. 4 - Cordyceps sinensis Sacco Plant Fig. 5 - Oactylorhiza hatagirea Soo. plant Fig. 6 - Oactylorhiza hatagirea Soo. tubers 202 INDIAN J TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, VOL. 4, No.2, APRIL 2005 Fig. 8 - Paris polyphylla Sm. tubers Fig. 7 - Paris polyphylla Sm. Plant Fig. 10 - Picrorhiza kurroa roots Fig. 9 - Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. plant GARBYAL et at: TRADITIONALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF PITHORAGARH DISTRICT 203 Table I-Details of the study area S. Name of Village Revenue Area Area under Area under Area under Population o. (in ha) Civil Forests Panchayat Forests Reserve Forests (Figure within bracket as (in ha) (in ha) (in ha) per Census of India-200 1) 1. Sipu 206.40 169.01 456.60 143 (70) 2. Khimling 79.73 A NA 1 3. Marchcha 133.55 94.84 143 (90) 4. Tidang 417.25 370.91 94.00 92(115) 5. Go 398.22 286.61 235.60 268 (124) 6. Dangtu 292.19 238.28 24.80 139(66) 7. Filam 105.63 19.88 19.40 118 (37) 8. Dugtu 333.07 247.87 84.00 312 (170) 9. Bon 280.86 191.50 13.20 309 (152) 10. Baling 219.75 20.00 185.20 178 (83) 11. Chal 135.98 110.36 111.60 104 (117) 12. Nagling 221.37 170.43 202.80 269 (82) 13.Sela 177.66 148.99 217.20 146 (104) 14. Kuti 252.24 120.00 60.58 264 (III) 15. Nabi 242.01 149.26 106.00 217 (95) 16. Gunji 195.87 118.99 186.00 374 (96) 17. Rongkong 235.54 4000 8.00 177 (163) 18. Naplcheu 102.39 11.32 102.80 186 (58) 19. Garbyang 572.25 12.00 74.80 357 (210) 20. Budi 246.46 40.00 98.80 250 (285) 21. Bungbung 215.30 155.69 15.60 490 (390) 22. Gala 118.58 40.00 24.00 130 23. Jipti 160.67 29.95 10080 332 (392) 24. Sirkha 301.50 231.04 136.25 351 (310) 25. Sirdang 292.19 181.59 112.40 787 (667) 78.40(Kurila) 26.40(Lankari) 26. Himkhola 172.00 72.00 219 (240) 27. Pangu 133.55 14000 496 (183) 28. Sosa 329.43 260.80 349 (30 I) 42.00 (Jaikot) (Jaikot- 723) 29. Tantagaon Rongto 111.29 20.00 NA 150 (126) 30. Chalma Chilason 76.49 2.89 92.00 312 (333) 31. Baungling 171.14 40.00 117 (117) 32. Umchya 125.01 NA 292 (394) 33. Dar 309.19 19.33 994.40 517 (544) 34. Watan 178.07 1.56 58.80 72 (75) 35. Suwa 335.50 45.47 156.80 546 (648) 36. Khela 468.24 121.20 1612 (1957) 37.Syankuri 938.50 412.00 1164 (1384) 38. Tankul 124.24 NA NA 174 (289) 39. PangIa 127.48 16.00 21.60 721 (1010) 40. Sobla 209.23 NA NA 2804.00 199 (155) 41. Neu 376.37 NA NA 200 (231) 42. Khet 200.33 22.67 101.20 467 (644) 43.Jamku 214.90 40.45 71.20 447 (730) 44. Rung NA 51.58 25.10 473 (473) 45. Bidang NA 20.00 46. Dakar NA 8.00 47. Rungling 166.25 1135.10 48. Samari 2006 49. Sumdum 370.00 50. Jyungtigad 1862.00 Total 10887.62 3652.72 5734.39 5801.10 14664 Source:Divisional Forest Officer, Pithoragarh Forest Division, Uttaranchal Forest Department. 204 INDIAN J TRADITIONALKNOWLEDGE, VOL 4, No.2, APRIL 2005 Solanum nigrum Linn., Sorbus cuspidate Hedl., found in relatively good populations, though few of Swertia ciliata Burth., Taraxacum officinale Weber them have become rare in few localities that are easily ex Wiggers, Taxus baccata Linn., Thalictrum accessible. Some are endemic to the area e.g. Silene foliolosum DC., Thymus serpyllum Linn., Urtica kumaonensis Williams. dioica Linn., Urtica parviflora Roxb., Valeriana Richard Strachey was the first person to have jatamansi Jones, Viola pilosa Blume, Viburnum undertaken scientific survey of the area in around grandiflorum wall. ex DC.. All these species are 1846 and subsequently in 1848 with J. E. Winterbottom. They collected over 2000 species Table 2-List of species whose collection is banned by the Forest between the years 1846-49. Based on these Department in Pithoragarh district collections and observations made during botanical S. No. Local name Botanical name expedition to North-Eastern Kumaon in 1883, J. F. I. Akhrot chal (root bark) Juglans regia Duthie catalogued 2672 flowering plants, 201 ferns 2. Atees Aconitum heterophyllum and allies, 120 mosses and 50 lichens, i.e. a total 3043 3. Bach Acorus calamus 4. Ban kakri Podophyllum hexandrum species in Kumaon in 1906'-2. Kumaon then included 5. Banapsa Viola serpens Garhwal of today. A. E. Osmaston in his Forest Flora 6. Chirayta Swertia chirata for Kumaon in 1927 has described 816 species of 7. Dhoopjad Juniperus recurva trees, shrubs and climbers:'.K. L. arya in his Working 8. Kenjadi Dioscorea species Plan of Pithoragarh Forest Di vision (1991-92 to 2000- 9. Dolu Rheum emodi 10. Gandrayani Angelica glauca 01) has listed 509 species of trees, shrubs, climbers, II. Ginjaru Slifinia glabra bamboos, parasites, grasses, lichens, exotics and 4 12. Guchhi Morchella esculenta legumes occurring in Pithoragarh Forest Division . 13. Jatamansi Nardostachys grandiflora Apart from these any other flora written for Kumaon 14.
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