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Canadian Journal of Archaeology Journal Canadien D'archéologie Canadian Journal of Archaeology Journal Canadien d’Archéologie SPECIAL ISSUE: UNSETTLING ARCHAEOLOGY Guest Edited by Lisa Hodgetts and Laura Kelvin Volume 44, 2020 • Issue 1 Canadian Journal of Archaeology / Journal Canadien d’Archéologie Editor-in-Chief/Rédacteur en chef Associate Editor/Rédacteur adjoint John Creese Frédéric Dussault Department of Sociology and Anthropology [[email protected]] North Dakota State University Copy Editor/Réviseure Dept. 2350, PO Box 6050, Aleksa Alaica Fargo, ND, USA 58108-6050 Department of Anthropology, Ph: (701) 231-7434 University of Toronto [[email protected]] [[email protected]] Editorial Assistant/Adjointe à la rédaction Book Review Editor/Rédactrice des comptes rendus Cheryl Takahashi Katherine Patton Takahashi Design Anthropology Building, University of Toronto 4358 Island Hwy. S. 19 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2 Courtenay, BC V9N 9R9 Ph: (416) 946-3589 Ph: (250) 650-3766; [[email protected]] [[email protected]] EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD / COMITÉ CONSULTATIF DE RÉDACTION • Arctic—Peter Dawson, Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary • Subarctic—Scott Hamilton, Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University • Pacific Northwest—Alan McMillan, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University • Prairie Region—Jack Brink, Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton • Ontario—Neal Ferris, Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario • Quebec—André Costopoulos, Department of Anthropology, McGill University • Atlantic—Michael Deal, Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland • Historical Archaeology—Catherine Losier, Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland • First Nations Issues—Eldon Yellowhorn, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University • Archaeological Heritage Management—Paul Thibaudeau, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Carleton University CANADIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS / LE CONSEIL DE DIRECTION DE L’ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE D’ARCHÉOLOGIE President/Présidente Past-President/Président sortant Lisa Hodgetts Michael Deal Department of Anthropology Department of Archaeology Western University Memorial University London, ON N6A 3K7 St. John’s, NL A2C 5S7 [[email protected]] [[email protected]] Vice-President/Vice-présidente Secretary-Treasurer/Secrétaire-trésorière Sara Beanlands Joanne Braaten Boreas Heritage Consulting Inc. Canadian Archaeological Association 46 Arlington Ave. Aspen Woods Postal Outlet Halifax, NS B3N 2A1 Box 15075, Calgary, AB T3H 0N8 [[email protected]] [[email protected]] ISSN 0705–2006 Printed in Canada © Canadian Archaeological Association 2020 Cover image: Maggie and Billie Jararuse and their daughter Billie-Jean Tuglavina (at left) stand on the remains of their family home in Hebron. Image courtesy of Michelle Davies. Canadian Journal of Archaeology Journal Canadien d’Archéologie Volume 44(1) • 2020 SPECIAL ISSUE: UNSETTLING ARCHAEOLOGY Guest Edited by Lisa Hodgetts and Laura Kelvin ARTICLES Unsettling Archaeology Laura Kelvin and Lisa Hodgetts ..................................................................1 Broadening #MeToo: Tracking Dynamics in Canadian Archaeology Through a Survey on Experiences Within the Discipline Lisa Hodgetts, Kisha Supernant, Natasha Lyons, and John R. Welch .............. 20 Community-Sourced Archaeology and Relinquishing the Inception of Research Joshua Dent ............................................................................................48 Unsettled Archaeology with a Resettled Community: Practicing Memory, Identity, and Archaeology in Hebron Michelle Tari Davies ................................................................................66 Strength-Based Approaches to Involving Inuit Youth in Archaeological Research Laura Kelvin, Emma Gilheany, Nicholas Flowers, Denver Edmunds, Mackenzie Frieda, Claire Igloliorte, Halle Lucy, and John Piercy .....................83 Unsettling the Archaeology Field School: Development of a Community Engaged Model at the University of Northern British Columbia Farid Rahemtulla...................................................................................105 Do My Braids Look Different? Indigenous Identity in Archaeology Danii Desmarais ....................................................................................133 Unsettling Archaeology Laura Kelvin† and Lisa Hodgetts‡ Abstract. In this introduction to the spe- may come slowly. It will involve long-term cial issue, we examine some of the ways that commitment to an ongoing cycle of learning, settler colonialism permeates archaeology in feeling (particularly when we feel uncomfor- Canada and argue for unsettling approaches table), questioning, and most importantly, to archaeology. Archaeology is a product of acting. and remains a tool for settler colonialism, often oppressing both people of the past and Résumé. Dans cette introduction à ce people in the present, especially Indigenous numéro spécial, nous examinons certaines People, Black People, People of Colour, and des façons dont la colonie de peuplement LGBTQ2S+ community members. We call for imprègne l’archéologie au Canada et unsettling research paradigms, which aim to nous en appelons à une déstabilisation disrupt the settler colonial foundations that des approches typique dans le milieu de continue to permeate archaeological work l’archéologie. L’archéologie est un produit and ensure that it benefits only a select few. et demeure un outil du colonialisme de Unsettling approaches target not only the peuplement opprimant à la fois les gens du work we do as archaeologists, but also the passé et les gens du présent, en particulier les structures our work operates through, inclu- peuples autochtones, les Noirs, les gens de ding universities, museums, different levels couleur et les membres de la communauté of government, and heritage policy and legis- LGBTQ2S+. Nous réclamons des paradigmes lation governing private sector archaeology. de recherche déstabilisants qui visent à They require us to acknowledge and confront perturber les fondations de la colonie de our relationships to settler colonialism and peuplement, une fondation qui continue the ways we participate in it, in all aspects d’imprégner le travail archéologique, et à of our lives. Unsettling paradigms play out faire en sorte que celui-ci ne profite qu’à differently within each project and for each quelques privilégiés. Ces approches déstabi- participant, depending on individuals’ lisantes ne visent pas seulement le travail que unique relationships to settler colonialism, nous faisons en tant qu’archéologues, mais their own experiences, and the context. As aussi les structures par lesquelles notre travail illustrated in the papers in this special issue, fonctionne, notamment les universités, les they encompass themes of truth, listening, musées, les différents niveaux de gouverne- learning, feeling, relinquishing control, and ment, ainsi que la politique du patrimoine et building strong futures. To move towards an la législation régissant l’archéologie du sec- archaeology that is anti-colonial, anti-racist, teur privé. Elles nous obligent à reconnaître and anti-mysogynist, we must address the deeply embedded colonialism, racism, and † misogyny in Canadian settler colonial struc- Department of Anthropology, 432 Fletcher Argue Building, 15 Chancellor Circle, tures and society. We must start by addressing University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Article them within ourselves and the institutions [[email protected]] that govern and support our work. Because ‡ Department of Anthropology, Social Science the unequal power relations within archaeo- Centre, The University of Western Ontario, logy are so entrenched and pervasive, change London, ON N6A 5C2 [[email protected]] Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal Canadien d’Archéologie 44:1–19 (2020) 2 • KELVIN & HODGETTS et à confronter nos relations avec la colonie publicly voiced their opposition to the de peuplement et les façons dont nous y par- construction of the Coastal GasLink ticipons, dans tous les aspects de notre vie. pipeline through their unceded ter- Les paradigmes déstabilisants varient au sein ritory after they were left out of the de chaque projet et pour chaque participant, en fonction des relations uniques des indivi- consultation processes. The federal dus avec la colonie de peuplement, de leurs government’s initial failure to work propres expériences et du contexte. Comme with the Wet’suwet’en hereditary chiefs l’illustrent les articles de ce numéro spécial, to address their concerns, and their elles englobent les thèmes de la vérité, de approach to signing a Memorandum of l’écoute, de l’apprentissage, des sentiments, Understanding with the Wet’suwet’en de l’abandon du contrôle et de la construc- shows a lack of understanding of the tion d’un avenir solide. Pour évoluer vers problems created by imposed colonial une archéologie anticoloniale, antiraciste forms of governance—an understanding et anti-misogyne, nous devons répondre au colonialisme, au racisme et à la misogynie qui that is required for reconciliation. The sont profondément ancrés dans les structures federal government’s support for the coloniales et dans la société canadienne. pipeline and use of the RCMP to push Nous devons commencer par les aborder the pipeline to realization show that their en nous-mêmes et au sein des
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