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College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Master Gardener Training Plant ID Tools and Tricks Lynda Garvin Sandoval County Agriculture Agent About the College: The College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences is an engine for economic and community development in New Mexico, improving the lives of New Mexicans through academic, research, and extension programs. Why is it useful? • Curiosity • What is native • Watch for invasive species. • Monitor the diversity and health of plants • Create birding, pollinator, wildlife habitats • You may simply want to know the names of the living things in your surroundings. All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu As a Master Gardener? Pests, diseases, and weeds require correct plant identification. emeraldashborer.info Clients wanting plant ID (Emerald Ash Borer not found on Honey Locust) Vegetable rotations Seed saving Pollinator plants Honey Locust Illinoiswildflowers.info All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Taxonomy The science of systematically naming and organizing living organisms into groups using similar patterns or traits. Vintage plant prints All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Developed by Carl Linnaeus (1707 –1778) Swedish Medical Doctor & Botanist – the system we still use today All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Family Characteristics Plants, like people, share family patterns. All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Taxonomy of Living Things The basic categories are: Kingdom (Plantae, Animalia, Fungi…) Division (Phylum for animals) Class Order Family Genus Species All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Binomial Nomenclature Names • Every plant gets one scientific name • The scientific name is a combination of the Genus and Species • Names are in Latin. • Italicized or underlined. Helianthus annus All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Taxonomic Classification of NM Locust Family: Fabaceae Genus: Robinia Species: neomexicana Robinia neomexicana New Mexico Locust All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Is a rose always a rose? Rose of Sharon Malvaceae Family Hibiscus syriacus Rock Rose Cistaceae Family Cistus albidus All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Common Names Advantages Disadvantages – Often descriptive – Not standardized – Easy to pronounce – Applied to various – Easy to remember taxonomic levels – Familiar to people – May not exist for some plants All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Glechoma hederaceae Common names: Ground Ivy Creeping Charlie Alehoof Tunhoof Catsfoot Field balm Run-away-robin All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu What do you need? • Carry a hand lens • ID books • Camera • Note pad pen • Plastic bags (Know where you can and cannot collect plants) All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Where to start? Get out there and look at plants, especially when they are in flower! • Plant parts • How they grow – upright, vining, prostrate… • Where they grow Wildplantguide.com All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Demonstration Gardens • The plants are already identified • Get a buddy • Visit though the seasons to know their form when not flowering All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Lets Get To It! • Looking for those family resemblances • The following information is based on Botany in a Day and their website: www.wildflowers-and- weeds.com All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Plant Form Fern & Moss Herb or Grass Tree Shrub Under 12ft All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Which group is it? Gymnosperm Angiosperm Naked Seeds – egg cells exposed to open air Flowering Plants – eggs protected in an ovary • Conifers 90% of all plants • Cycads • Ginkgo All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Angiosperm - Is it a … Dicot Monocot Parallel veins Branching veins All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Monocot Families • Orchidaceae - orchids • Poaceae – true grasses & grains • Agavoideae – agave • Amaryllidaceae – lilies, onions, garlic, daffodils, narcissus… All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu General Tips for Trees Gymnosperms ID Pin • Needles - # in cluster & length e • Leaf shape • Cone shape & size or Juniper fruiting body • Bark – smooth, chunky, shingled • Habitat & elevation Cypres s (Ponderosa Pine bark smells like butterscotch) All About Discovery! Pinus™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu ponderosa Piñon Pine – Pinus edulus • 2 needles, 2” long • Cone shape • Habitat - foothills • Form All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Flowering Trees - Angiosperms • Leaf Shape • Leaf buds & scars • Branching alternate or opposite • Habitat • Conspicuous flowers • Inconspicuous flowers All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Branching pattern will narrow your choices Karl VonBerg Mywoodlot.com All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Branching Pattern Opposite M.A.D • Maple – Acer spp. – Boxelder – Acer negundo • Ash – Fraxinus spp. • Dogwood – Cornus sp. Rocky Mtn Maple – Acer glabrum • Horse Chestnut • Buckeye Green Ash – Faxinus pennsylvanica All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Branching Pattern Alternate – everything else • Oaks – Quercus spp. • Fruit & Nut trees • Willow – Salix spp. • Desert Willow – Chilopsis linearis • Rio Grande Cottonwood – Populus wislizenii • NM Olive/Privet - Gamble Oak – Quercus gambelii Forestiera neomexicana All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Learning Plants by Family • Related plants have similar characteristics • Learn the family characteristics of the following families • Cover more than 54,000 species worldwide All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Sunflower Family- Asteraceae Most have composite 2nd Largest flowers Family Many have 920 genera milky sap 18,000 species Many with fluffy seed pappus All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu • Ray FloretsComposite – outer florets, Flowers• Disk Florets in center - look like petals - have only have both stamens and pistils (female) rays of the pistils (male and sun Female) Botany in a Day All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Common Plants Gillardia pulchella Dipsacus spp Machaeranthera canescens Achillea millefolium All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Chicory Subfamily Chicoriodideae • Strap shaped petals (parallel edges) • Milky sap • Fluffy pappus Lettuce – Lactuca spp. Dandelion – Taraxicum officinale Chicory – Chicorium intybus Salsify & Goatsbeard - Tragopogon spp. All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Rose Family- Rosaceae Rose subfamily Risiodaea 5 sepals & petals, many 100 genera stamens 3,000 Alternate species branching Fruit 5 pointed star bottom – true rose All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Also • Strawberry – Fragaria spp • Blackberry & Raspberry - Rubus spp • Apache Plume – Fallugia paradoxa All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Family- Rosaceae Subfamily: Amygdaloidaea Fleshy fruit 5 Apples pointed star (Inferior ovary) Malus spp. 5 petals Numerous stamens Serrated leaves All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Is there a pattern here? • Pear - Pyrus spp • Serviceberry - Amelanchier • Hawthorn - Crateagus • Pyrocantha All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu What about Blueberries? It’s important to look at as many parts of the plant as possible and the growing conditions. What differences do you Blueberry - Vaccinioideae see? Apple - Rosaceae All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Family- Roseceae Almond subfamily: Amygdaloidaea 5 petals/sepals Plums many stamens Prunus Fleshy fruit with a seam spp. Almond-like pit All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Also Includes • Apricots – Prunus armenicac • Choke Cherry – Prunus virginiana • Peaches – Prunus persica • Nectarines - Prunus persica var. nucipersica • Almonds – Prunus dulcis Prunus dulcis Prunus virginiana All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Mint Family- Lamiaceae Square Stem 3,500 Fused lower species petals Many Aromatic All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Many kitchen herbs • Mint – Mentha spp. • Basil – Ocimum basilicum • Rosemary – Rosmarinus officinalis • Oregano - Origanum vulgare • Sage – Salvia officinalis • Marjoram – Origanum marjorana • Thyme – Thymus valgaris All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Many ornamental plants • Lavender – Lavendula spp. • Chaste Tree – Vitex agnus-castus • Coleus – Coleus spp. • Beebalm/Bergamot – Monarda spp. • Sage - Salvia officianlis All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Also have square stems Mint family • Pink Vervain – Glandualria bipinnatifida, Verbenacea Family, petals fused • Stinging Nettle – Urtica gracilenta, Urticaceae Family All About Discovery! ™ New Mexico State University aces.nmsu.edu Pea Family- Fabaceae Flower banner,
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