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Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Rent from the Ph,Lippine Small Pelagic Fisheries

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Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Rent from the Ph,Lippine Small Pelagic Fisheries Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources ISSN 0115.3684 Vol. X, No.3 May 1987 Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Rent from the Ph,lippine Small Pelagic Fisheries P. Dalzell P. Corpuz R. Ganaden and D. Pauly Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Small Pelagics International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management Arcadia Bldg.. 860 Quezon Avenue Management Project Quezon City 3rd Floor, Bloomingdale Bldg. Philippines Salcedo St., Legaspi Village Makati, Metro Manila Philippines -- - -- - --- -- Estimation of Maximum Sustainabre Yield and Maximum Economic Rent from the Philippine Small Pelagic Fisheries P. DALZELL1 P. CORPUZ1 R. GANADEN2 and D. PAUL Y1 Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Technical Paper Series Vol. X NO.3 May 1987 1 ICLARM 2 BFAR MC P.O. Box 1501 Division of Fisheries Research Makati, Metro Manila Ben-Lor Bldg., Quezon Avenue Philippines Quezon City Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Rent from the Philippine Small Pelagic Fisheries P. DALZELL P. CORPUZ R. GANADEN D. PAULY 1987 Published jointly by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Arcadia Bldg., 860 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Phili~pines and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines Printed in Manila, Philippines Dalzell, P., P. Corpuz, R. Ganaden and D. Pauly. 1987. Estimation of maximum sustainable yield and maximum economic rent from the Philippine small pelagic fisheries. BFAR Technical Paper Series. Vol. X, NO.3. 23 p. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Quezon City, Philippines and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines. ISSN 0115-3684 ICLARM Contribution No. 413 Contribution NO.5 of the Small Pelagics Management Program ------- Contents Acknowledgements iv Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Catch Data 2 Available records of catch and landings data 2 Nominal commercial catch and under-reporting 2 Nominal municipal catch 3 Municipal small pelagic catch, 1948-1975 4 Fishing Effort 4 Choice of an index of fishing effort 4 Commercial fleet horsepower and gross tonnage 4 Commercial fleet gross tonnage, 1948-1961 6 Standardization of commercial fleet horsepower 7 Adjustment of commercial catch, 1948-1964 11 Carrier fleet horsepower 11 Municipal fleet horsepower 13 Municipal fishermen horsepower equivalent 15 Proportion of municipal fleet horsepower applied to small pelagics 17 Adjustment of municipal fleet horsepower to commercial equivalent 17 Surplus Production and Economic Models 19 Yield curve for Philippine small pelagics 19 Cost of fishing and economic rent 20 Discussion 21 References 22 III Acknowledgements We thank our colleagues in BFAR, ICLARMand other institutionsfor their helpfuldiscussions concerning sources of data. We thank in particular Ms.Josefina Perez and Ms. Lourdes Bautista for their help in rationalizing the methods used to collect census data during 1970,1977 and 1980. Special thanks are also due to Ms. Norma (Omar) Parial who typed the manuscript and coped stoicallywiththe numerous revisions of the many tables. IV --- Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield and Maximum Economic Rent from the Philippine Small Pelagic Fisheries P. DALZELL P. CORPUZ International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management MC P.O. Box 1501 Makati, Metro Manila . Philippines R. GANADEN Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Arcadia Building Quezon Avenue, Quezon City D. PAULY International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management MC P.O. Box 1501 Makati, Metro Manila Philippines Abstract A method is presented whereby the fishing power of commercial fishin;} fleets and municipal fishing vessels can be standardized with respect to landed catches of small pelagic fishes in the Philippines. Fishing power was expressed as adjusted fleet horsepower (hp) and averaged over two years to account for the average life span of small pelagic fishes. The corresponding plot of landed catch vs fishing power was used to obtain a countrywide estimate of annual maximum sustainable yield for Philippine small pelagic fishes of 544,000 tonnes at an optimal fishing pressure of 256,000 hp. The yield curve indicates that presently, the Philippine smail pelagic fisheries are heavily overfished and that since 1973, small pelagic landings have shown a declining trend. The maximum annual yield above costs was estimatedto be about 500,000 t at a fishing effort of 155,000 hp or 35% of the present effort level. At current fish values. the maximum economic rent from the Philippine small pelagic fisheries would be about US$250 million. Introduction The catch of small pelagic fishes from Philippine waters is currently estimated to be about 500,000 tonnes/year (Dalzell and Ganaden 1987a). This catch is composed principally of roundscads (Decapterus spp.), sardines (Sardinella spp.), anchovies (Stolephorus and Engraulis spp.) and mackerels (Rastrelligerspp.) with thoebalance made up by big-eye scads ICLARM Contribution No. 413 1 2 (Selarspp.), round herrings (Dussummieria spp.) and fusiliers (Caesio and Pterocaesio spp.). The landings of small pelagic fishes have remained at about 500,000 tonnes/year from 1970 onwards whilst nominal fishing effort in terms of numbers of commercial and municipalfishing vessels has increased. These observations suggest that the Philippinesmall pelagic fish stocks are currently overfished. More precise indications of overfishingare provided by the relation$hipbetween catch and fishing effort. Conventional theory rests on the fact that catch per unit of effort declines as fishing effort increases; the rate of increase of catch with increasing effortdeclines and the relationship between the two can be described by a parabolic function as was demonstrated by Schaefer (1954).Alater modificationofthe modelby Fox(1970)suggestedthatan asymmetricalcurve may give a better fitto catch and effortdata. The original Schaefer model was conceivedforsingle-speciesstocks butvariationsofthe model have also been used for multispecies stocks (Brownet al. 1974; Gulland 1976; Marten and Polovina 1982; Ralston and Polovina 1982; Munro 1983; Dalzell 1984: Munroand Williams 1985).The rationalebehindthis has beenthata multispeciesassemblageshowedvariationin fishing pressure in a mqnner similar to a single-species stock. Inthe Philippines, stock production models were fitted to catch and nominal fishing effortdata for demersal and pelagic fishes in different areas of the country (SCSP 1976r 1977, 1978). No attempt was made, however, to account for the differences in fishing power of different fishingvessels. Inthis paper, we describe methods bywhicha timeseries of catchand fishingeffortdata between 1948 and 1985 was reconstructed from existing records. The results are discussed with respect to management and the economics of the fisheries. Catch Data Available records of catch and landings data A considerable number of steps were required to reconstruct the time series of both catch and effort data for Philipppine small pelagic fisheries between 1948-1985. As an aid to understanding the steps involved, a flow chart of the various data sources and adjustments is given in Fig. 1. Records of landed catches in the Philippines have been collected and published by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and its predecessors from 1948 onwards. Recording of catch data is termed the National Catch Enumeration Scheme (NCES). The methods and extent of the data collection between 1948 and 1985 have been summarized by Ramos (1987). The terms "catches" and "landings" are used here synonymously since most marine fish caught in the Philippines are landed for sale at recognized landing centers throughout the country. A small fraction of the catch goes to the fishermen themselves for food. The reporting of catch data by the NCES is made on the basis of vessel gross tonnage. Catches landed from vessels of three gross tons or greater are termed "commercial catches" whilst those from vessels less than 3 GT are termed "municipal". Municipal catch, as far as small pelagics are concerned, refers essentially to small-scale artisanal fishing and passive gears .There is, however, much overlap in terms of species caught. Nominalcommercial catch and under-reporting The composition of the small pelagic fish landings by family group is given in Table 1. Statistics on commercial fish landings in the Philippines extend from 1948 to the present. According to Ramos (1987) the data collection for commercial landings was improved substantially between 1961 and 1965. The commercia/landings prior to 1965 were under- reported and this is discussed and adjustments are made further below. --- --- 3 Commercial Municipal l-. l-. I' I' Annu" c.ch by Annuai fin'! ho~~ {h.pJ Annual flHi number h..p.n. g.t. ~ 86 'ereton.. 0' smallpetegicl in Census d... 'rom 1968. commen:;,a! vesseb W'S,..)tInu" lleet gross tOnnage .so fleet g.t.. '964- arti., vessels_1980. municip81catch 1976-1979 1970.1977 and 1980 of sm~1 pel.agia. tg.rJ. 1978~198S for five , 985 for Ii" principal 19&4 used to t'stima-t8.nn~ $In"1 useld to estima.e annual 1964.1985 commercial smal' pelagic commercill small pelagic petag~ Ulcn 1968.1975 n"unicip81 rltet numtH!-r. fishing vesseh "eet h.p. .I'd number I of munic,pll fish...men ';"';nl """1 ~ ! I I ! EStimate of M'nual tiNt h.p. Estimate of annual fleet Estimate of carrier nett I ..p, ~,""'I of different cilttogories '964.'985 1.1. 1948-1963 h 1964-1985 I of fishermen .stl~ted /" I ~ , Estim.. of .annual"Nt h..p. ~ V..see Md fishermen h~. for small pet~ic fishingyeuel'. Oivi$ion 0' carr fIeft 8dded 1000thH 1948-1965 h. p. b~tw"n other species I I and small pell9;c fishin9 I Municip,alh.p.~jU1ted on b~, ! ~ of per Cf'nt conttibul:on !)y "".sl Annu.1 carcn/II.p. for ra..,. t pelagic1: 10 mW1ic~I:.1 tOI311 catch prineip.1 commercia. small Division 01 small pell9tc carrier tI~M h.p. on b.si, pelagic fishinO \leipls I of catch contribution, ~ from pune sei"efs. rit't9 ; Enim.tion of !nnu.( ::nd'tlh.p. Adjustment of .nnwl fleet h.D. of "lII'tte,. at\d trawlffs ~ by mun'eipal fiShery different veuels to purse S8j",.
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