Positive Neuropsychology Evidence-Based Perspectives on Promoting Cognitive Health

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Positive Neuropsychology Evidence-Based Perspectives on Promoting Cognitive Health springer.com Psychology : Neuropsychology Randolph, John J. (Ed.) Positive Neuropsychology Evidence-Based Perspectives on Promoting Cognitive Health Provides evidence-based conceptual shift in neuropsychology that appeals to clinical and academic neuropsychologists interested in promoting cognitive health Taps into excitement surrounding positive psychology within the neuropsychology field Synthesizes existing research related to cognitive health in a single resource for clinical and academic neuropsychologists Clarifies how to incorporate Positive Neuropsychology principles into clinical practice or research endeavors Psychology and many of its subfields have seen a significant shift over the past 10-12 years Springer toward a focus on hope, positive attributes, and character strengths through the positive 2013, XIV, 178 p. psychology movement. This book provides a blueprint for a burgeoning subfield in 1st neuropsychology—positive neuropsychology. It proposes an alternative, evidence-based edition perspective on neuropsychology that incorporates positive psychology principles and a focus on promotion of cognitive health. It synthesizes existing research and provides novel perspectives on promotion of cognitive health in clinical, nonclinical, and academic settings. This work is a Printed book resource and reference for neuropsychologists, allied professionals, and students who see the Hardcover critical role neuropsychologists can play in maintaining, promoting, and being mindful of cognitive health. TARGETED MARKET SEGMENTS Neuropsychologists, health psychologists, Printed book geriatricians, rehabilitation specialists, clinical psychologists Hardcover ISBN 978-1-4614-6604-8 $ 79,99 Order online at springer.com/booksellers Springer Nature Customer Service Center LLC Available 233 Spring Street Discount group New York, NY 10013 Professional Books (2) USA Product category T: +1-800-SPRINGER NATURE (777-4643) or 212-460-1500 Professional book [email protected] Other renditions Softcover ISBN 978-1-4899-9770-8 Softcover ISBN 978-1-4614-6606-2 Prices and other details are subject to change without notice. All errors and omissions excepted. Americas: Tax will be added where applicable. Canadian residents please add PST, QST or GST. Please add $5.00 for shipping one book and $ 1.00 for each additional book. Outside the US and Canada add $ 10.00 for first book, $5.00 for each additional book. If an order cannot be fulfilled within 90 days, payment will be refunded upon request. Prices are payable in US currency or its equivalent. ISBN 978-1-4614-6604-8 / BIC: JMM / SPRINGER NATURE: SCY12030 Part of .
Recommended publications
  • Positive Psychology and Spirituality
    Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry Positive Psychology and Spirituality Introduction Review Article historical revelations from theorists who devoted their lives to the Volume 6 Issue 7 - 2016 studySince of humanPsychology behavior became made a healingthe science profession, of mental multitudes illness very of up with valid and reliable ways to measure indistinct concepts such Substance Abuse Treatment, USA aseffective anger, as schizophrenia, well as transferable. and depression, The field of while psychology simultaneously has come earning recognition for the development of both experimental *Corresponding author: Leslie Dawn Culpepper, and longitudinal methods necessary ingaining insight as to the causal pathways that result in undesirable consequences for the Substance Abuse Treatment | PSY497 A01, USA, Email: client/patient. Most importantly, psychology researchers have Received: March 15, 2016 | Published: December 22, 2016 developed both pharmacological and psychological interventions that are known for making fourteen previously untreatable mental disorders highly treatable disorders and even curable disorders in some cases. The timeline of psychology graciously marks these self-worth. Unfortunately, Juanita does not have the tools she theoretical revelations as these theorists devoted their lives to needs to obtain sobriety because her mother failed to reinforce the study of human behavior. Each of these theorists had their her worthiness or instill even a hint of a strong self-image. Instead own beliefs concerning the behavior of our species, including the of being critical of her inadequacies, her mother should have why, when, how, and under what circumstances gives rise to a helped Juanita identify her strengths as a way to build her self- particular behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Happiness: the Roots of Positive Psychology, Insight, and Clinical Applications from 2005 to 2015 Russell Fulmer
    Article 45 A History of Happiness: The roots of Positive Psychology, Insight, and Clinical Applications from 2005 to 2015 Russell Fulmer Fulmer, Russell, PhD, LPC, is an Assistant Professor at Emporia State University in Emporia, Kansas. Dr. Fulmer is a Licensed Professional Counselor whose interests include ethics, interdisciplinary approaches to counseling, and the impact of regulation on counseling. Abstract Positive psychology has burgeoned in the past decade. Research in the field has addressed everything from post-traumatic growth to prosocial behavior. Providing insight into human strengths and offering clinical interventions of use with a range of client issues, positive psychology has much to offer counselors. This article examines the past ten years of positive psychology research and condenses an abundance of literature into summaries about six of the most discussed areas and counselor applicable topics. Introduction As counselors continue to look for pragmatic techniques to add to their repertoire, the field of positive psychology offers an array of interventions that are relatively simple to comprehend, with research backing (Snyder, Lopez, & Pedrotti, 2010). Positive psychology is the study of subjective well-being (Compton & Hoffman, 2012). What started as inquiry into happiness has evolved into an analysis of human flourishing (Seligman, 2012). For years, notions and speculations about what contributed to subjective well-being abounded, albeit with little to no basis in empirical study. This was of minor relevance to behavioral scientists, as most of their focus was on mental illness. Even into the late 1990s, the ratio of negative to positive studies in psychology was seventeen to one (Achor, 2010). Positive psychology does not ignore harsh reality as much as encourage an investigation into the entire spectrum of human experience, including those factors that contribute to fulfillment, not just distress.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Positive Psychology, Positive Prevention, and Positive Therapy
    1 Positive Psychology, Positive Prevention, and Positive Therapy Martin E. P. Seligman Positive Psychology mindedness, high talent, and wisdom. At the group level it is about the civic virtues and the Psychology after World War II became a science institutions that move individuals toward better largely devoted to healing. It concentrated on citizenship: responsibility, nurturance, altruism, repairing damage using a disease model of hu- civility, moderation, tolerance, and work ethic man functioning. This almost exclusive atten- (Gillham & Seligman, 1999; Seligman & Csik- tion to pathology neglected the idea of a fulfilled szentmihalyi, 2000). individual and a thriving community, and it ne- The notion of a positive psychology move- glected the possibility that building strength is ment began at a moment in time a few months the most potent weapon in the arsenal of ther- after I had been elected president of the Amer- apy. The aim of positive psychology is to cata- ican Psychological Association. It took place in lyze a change in psychology from a preoccu- my garden while I was weeding with my 5- pation only with repairing the worst things in year-old daughter, Nikki. I have to confess that life to also building the best qualities in life. To even though I write books about children, I’m redress the previous imbalance, we must bring really not all that good with them. I am goal- the building of strength to the forefront in the oriented and time-urgent, and when I am weed- treatment and prevention of mental illness. ing in the garden, I am actually trying to get The field of positive psychology at the sub- the weeding done.
    [Show full text]
  • Positive Computing a New Trend in Business and Information Systems Engineering?
    Bus Inf Syst Eng 57(6):405–408 (2015) DOI 10.1007/s12599-015-0406-0 CATCHWORD Positive Computing A New Trend in Business and Information Systems Engineering? Jan M. Pawlowski • Sabrina C. Eimler • Marc Jansen • Julia Stoffregen • Stefan Geisler • Oliver Koch • Gordon Mu¨ller • Uwe Handmann Received: 2 September 2015 / Accepted: 11 September 2015 / Published online: 13 October 2015 Ó Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2015 Keywords Positive computing Á Well-being Á Affective (ICT) usage and diffusion which – in many cases – start computing Á Positive technologies Á Positive psychology with the assumption that certain barriers need to be over- come to successfully adopt technologies. The idea of positive computing might change this negative paradigm 1 The Idea of Positive Computing towards one of positive usage, perception, and adoption of technologies. Can information systems be developed to support the This new paradigm is rooted in positive psychology, a unfolding of human potentials and create positive impacts research trend aiming at emphasizing potentials instead of for all stakeholders in the future? Can we change the deficits of patients and at focusing on exploring conditions development paradigms from overcoming barriers and that promote people’s well-being and flourishing (Seligman improving (weak) acceptance towards a positive perception and Csikszentmihalyi 2000). Similar approaches are posi- and impact for all stakeholders? These are the key ques- tive technologies (Botella et al. 2012) or positive design tions of Positive Computing and related research for the (Faust 2009). The concept of positive computing also Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE) relates to current societal trends such as the development community in the next years.
    [Show full text]
  • Positive Psychology
    7 WAYS TO APPLY POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Learn practical, proven strategies to live a happier, more engaged and more meaningful life. We all want to live happier, more engaging and more meaningful lives. The science of positive psychology contributes new Introduction insights and proven strategies to increase wellbeing in individuals, workplaces and communities. After years classifying and repairing the worst of human experience, positive psychology emerged to help us flourish and learn from the best. This rich and varied field now spans many areas, building on philosophies and practices from Aristotle to Maslow. This eBook introduces you to some of the most practical and research-backed ways to apply positive psychology to increase happiness, wellbeing and effectiveness—in your life, at work, at home and with the people you care for, help and lead. You will learn: • How to maximise the power of positivity to create sustainable pathways to happiness and success. • Seven positive psychology practices - “[Positive Psychology is] the from optimism to mindfullness. scientific study of positive • Tips to apply these practices at work, at human functioning and home and when helping people. flourishing on multiple levels.” We look forward to inspiring you and others to live a Martin Seligman &Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi happier, more engaged and fulfilling life! The Langley Group team © 2015 Langley Group. All rights reserved 2 Positive psychology 7 POSITIVE PRACTICES Positive emotion 1 Generating positive emotions helps broaden and build our resources and moves us toward greater wellbeing. Spearheaded by Martin Seligman and Mindset Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in 1998, positive 2 psychology focuses on exploring and Adopting a positive attitude and Growth Mindset enhances learning and opens our expanding what makes life worthwhile, mind to new ways to raise happiness levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Study Positive Emotions in the Context of Eating Disorders?
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267751058 Why Study Positive Emotions in the Context of Eating Disorders? Article in Current Psychiatry Reports · January 2015 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-014-0537-x CITATIONS READS 11 422 4 authors: Kate Tchanturia Marcela Alejandra Marin Dapelo King's College London King's College London 181 PUBLICATIONS 6,367 CITATIONS 8 PUBLICATIONS 74 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Amy Harrison David Hambrook University College London South London and Maudsley NHS Foundatio… 23 PUBLICATIONS 1,020 CITATIONS 12 PUBLICATIONS 532 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Social Skills in Anorexia Nervosa View project All content following this page was uploaded by Kate Tchanturia on 04 November 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Curr Psychiatry Rep (2015) 16:537 DOI 10.1007/s11920-014-0537-x EATING DISORDERS (C GRILO, SECTION EDITOR) Why Study Positive Emotions in the Context of Eating Disorders? Kate Tchanturia & Marcela A. Marin Dapelo & Amy Harrison & David Hambrook # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Experimental research, supported by systematic and its translation into new developments in treatment and reviews, establishes that people with eating disorders have prevention. Recent findings using experimental paradigms to emotional difficulties in terms of recognising, regulating and study the expression of emotions along with neuroimaging expressing their emotions.
    [Show full text]
  • Positive Psychology As a Theoretical Framework for Studying and Learning About Religion from the Perspective of Psychology
    Selvam, S.G. (2011). Positive psychology as a theoretical framework for studying and learning about religion from the perspective of psychology . A paper presentation at the BSA Sociology of Religion Study Group -Teaching and Studying Religion Symposium. London. Positive Psychology as a theoretical framework for studying and learning about religion from the perspective of psychology Sahaya G. Selvam1 Abstract Psychology of religion is now a well acknowledged branch of psychology that uses the theoretical framework and methodology of mainstream psychology to examine religious sentiment and behaviour - collective and individual. The paper begins by reflecting on the dilemma that the psychological study of religion faces: between a measurement paradigm and seeking an overarching theoretical framework. The second part of the paper focuses on one contemporary movement within mainstream psychology, namely, positive psychology that engages with existential questions like wellbeing and happiness, with an empirical grounding. Moreover, research and intervention within positive psychology are led by a catalogue of core virtues and character strengths that have strong religious underpinnings. The paper discusses the viable use of the theoretical and methodological framework of positive psychology in the study of religion, and considers the added value that positive psychology brings to teaching and learning about religion in secular contexts. 1. Psychology of Religion Early psychologists were concerned with the impact of religion on human behaviour and wellbeing. However, Freud’s negative conclusions about religion may have had their toll on the relationship between psychology and religion. More importantly, as psychology itself began to be influenced by the behaviourist approach, religion was largely neglected within psychological enquiry in the early half of the 20 th century.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 from Viktor Frankl's Logotherapy to the Four Defining Characteristics of Self-Transcendence (ST) Paul T. P. Wong Introductio
    1 From Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy to the Four Defining Characteristics of Self-Transcendence (ST) Paul T. P. Wong Introduction The present paper continues my earlier presentation on self-transcendence (ST) as a pathway to meaning, virtue, and happiness (Wong, 2016), in which I introduced Viktor Frankl’s (1985) two-factor theory of ST. Here, the same topic of ST is expanded by first providing the basic assumptions of logotherapy, then arguing the need for objective standards for meaning, and finally elaborating the defining characteristics of ST. To begin, here is a common-sense observation—no one can remain at the same spot for life for a variety of reasons, such as developmental and environmental changes, but most importantly because people dream of a better life and want to move to a preferred destination where they can find happiness and fulfillment. As a psychologist, I am interested in finding out (a) which destination people choose and (b) how they plan to get there successfully. In a free society that offers many opportunities for individuals, there are almost endless options regarding both (a) and (b). The reality is that not all purposes in life are equal. Some life goals are misguided, such as wanting to get rich by any means, including unethical and illegal ones, because ultimately, such choices could be self-defeating—these end values might not only fail to fill their hearts with happiness, but might also ruin their relationships and careers. The question, then, is: What kind of choices will have the greatest likelihood of resulting in a good life that not only benefits the individual but also society? My research has led me to hypothesize that the path of ST is most likely to result in such a good life.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Interactive Technologies to Promote Positive Functioning
    CYBERPSYCHOLOGY,BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING Volume 15, Number 2, 2012 ORIGINAL ARTICLES ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0139 Positive Technology: Using Interactive Technologies to Promote Positive Functioning Giuseppe Riva, Ph.D.,1,2 Rosa M. Ban˜os, Ph.D.,3,4 Cristina Botella, Ph.D.,4,5 Brenda K. Wiederhold, Ph.D., M.B.A., BCIA,6,7 and Andrea Gaggioli, Ph.D.1,2 Abstract It is generally assumed that technology assists individuals in improving the quality of their lives. However, the impact of new technologies and media on well-being and positive functioning is still somewhat controversial. In this paper, we contend that the quality of experience should become the guiding principle in the design and development of new technologies, as well as a primary metric for the evaluation of their applications. The emerging discipline of Positive Psychology provides a useful framework to address this challenge. Positive Psychology is the scientific study of optimal human functioning and flourishing. Instead of drawing on a ‘‘disease model’’ of human behavior, it focuses on factors that enable individuals and communities to thrive and build the best in life. In this paper, we propose the ‘‘Positive Technology’’ approach—the scientific and applied approach to the use of technology for improving the quality of our personal experience through its structuring, augmentation, and/or replacement—as a way of framing a suitable object of study in the field of cyberpsy- chology and human–computer interaction. Specifically, we suggest that it is possible to use technology to influence three specific features of our experience—affective quality, engagement/actualization, and connect- edness—that serve to promote adaptive behaviors and positive functioning.
    [Show full text]
  • Positive Psychotherapy Seligman, M
    Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Seligman, M. E. P., & Yellin, A. (1987). What is a dream? strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Behavior Research and Therapy, 25, 1–24. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association and Oxford University Press. Positive Psychotherapy Seligman, M. E. P. (1970). On the generality of the laws of learning. Psychological Review, 77, 406–418. Martin E. P. Seligman, Tayyab Rashid, and Acacia C. Parks Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania Seligman, M. E. P. (1971). Phobias and preparedness. Be- havior Therapy, 2, 307–320. Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On depression, development, and death. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. Positive psychotherapy (PPT) contrasts with standard interventions for depression by increasing positive emotion, engagement, and meaning rather than directly targeting Seligman, M. E. P. (1991). Learned optimism. New York: depressive symptoms. The authors have tested the effects of Knopf. these interventions in a variety of settings. In informal student and clinical settings, people not uncommonly Seligman, M. E. P. (1993). What you can change and what reported them to be “life-changing.” Delivered on the you can’t: The complete guide to successful self-improve- Web, positive psychology exercises relieved depressive ment. New York: Knopf. symptoms for at least 6 months compared with placebo interventions, the effects of which lasted less than a week. Seligman, M. E. P. (1996). Science as an ally of practice. In severe depression, the effects of these Web exercises American Psychologist, 51, 1072–1079. were particularly striking. This address reports two preliminary studies: In the first, PPT delivered to groups significantly decreased levels of mild-to-moderate Seligman, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Meaning and Positive Psychology
    International Journal of Existential Volume 5, Issue 1 July 2014 Psychology & Psychotherapy Meaning and Positive Psychology Christopher Peterson and Nansook Park University of Michigan Abstract Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life worth living. Meaning is always included by positive psychologists as an element of the good life, but actually figures importantly in all topics of substantive concern to positive psychology. Research is described that links meaning to life satisfaction, character strengths, and physical health. In conclusion, this paper addresses why positive psychology is more often identified as the study of happiness than the study of meaning and how this situation might be remedied. Meaning and Positive Psychology The meaning of life differs from man to man, from day to day and from hour to hour. What matters, therefore, is not the meaning of life in general but rather the specific meaning of a person's life at a given moment. —Viktor E. Frankl (1959, p. 110) Positive psychology is the scientific study of what goes right in life (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). It is a new perspective within psychology that rests on certain assumptions (Peterson & Park, 2003). First, what is good about life is as genuine and relevant as what is bad, thus deserving equal attention from psychologists. Second, life entails more than avoiding or undoing problems. Someone without symptoms or disorders may or may not be living well. Positive psychology urges attention to what is taking place on the other side of the zero point of being problem-free. Third, explanations of the good life must do more than take accounts of problems and stand them on their head.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Positive Psychology 1
    01-Snyder-4997.qxd 6/13/2006 5:07 PM Page 3 Welcome to Positive Psychology 1 The gross national product does not allow for the health of our children,...their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages; the intelligence of our public debate or the integrity of our public officials. It measures neither wit nor courage; neither our wisdom nor our teaching; neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country; it measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile. —Robert F. Kennedy, 1968 he final lines in this 1968 address delivered by Robert F. Kennedy at T the University of Kansas point to the contents of this book: the things in life that make it worthwhile. In this regard, however, imagine that some- one offered to help you understand human beings but in doing so would teach you only about their weaknesses and pathologies. As far-fetched as this sounds, a similar “What is wrong with people?” question guided the thinking of most applied psychologists (clinical, counseling, school, etc.) during the 20th century. Given the many forms of human fallibility, this question produced an avalanche of insights into the human “dark side.” As the 21st century unfolds, however, we are beginning to ask another question: “What is right about people?” This question is at the heart of the burgeoning initiative in positive psychology, which is the scientific and applied approach to uncovering people’s strengths and promoting their positive functioning. (See the article “Building Human Strength,”in which positive psychology pioneer Martin Seligman gives his views about the need for this new field.) 3 01-Snyder-4997.qxd 6/13/2006 5:07 PM Page 4 4 LOOKING AT PSYCHOLOGY FROM A POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE Building Human Strength: Psychology’s Forgotten Mission MARTIN E.
    [Show full text]