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Army Packet Radio Network Protocol Study FTD-RL29 742 ARMY PACKET RAHDIO NETWORK PROTOCOL STUDY(U) SRI / I INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA D E RUBIN NOY 77 I SRI-TR-2325-i43-i DRHCi5-73-C-8i87 p UCLASSIFIED F/G 07/2. 1 L '44 .25I MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TFST CHART NAT ONAL BUREAU Cf STINDRES 1% l A I " S2 5 0 0 S _S S S ARMY PACKET RADIO NETWORK PROTOCOL STUDY CA Technical Report 2325-143-1 e November1977 By: Darryl E. Rubin Prepared for: U,S. Army Electronics Command Fort Monmouth, New Jersey 07703 Attn: Mi. Charles Graff, DRDCO-COM-RF-4 Contract DAHC 1 5-73-C-01 87 SRI Project 2325 * 0. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of author and should not be Interpreted as necessarily representing th Cofficial policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Army or the .LJ United States Government. -. *m 333 Ravenswood Ave. * Menlo Park, California 94025 0 (415) 326-6200 eCable: STANRES, Menlo Park * TWX: 910-373-1246 83 06 '03 . 4qUNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1 REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3 RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER [" 2~~1325-143-1 / )r -. : i'/ - 4. TITLE Subtitle) 5-.and TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Army Packet Radio Network Protocol Study Technical Report 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7 AUTHOR(s) A 8 CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s) Darrvl E. Rubin DAHCI5-73C-0187 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT. TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS SRI International Program Code N. P62708E 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, California 94025 12. REPORT DATE 13. NO. OF PAGES 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS November 1977 U. S. Army Electronics Command 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report) Fort Monmouth, New Jersey 07703 Attn: Mr. Charles Graff, DRDCO-COM-RF-4 14 MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS (if diff. from Controlling Office) 15a. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this report) 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, if different from report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) Packet radio network, TIDS, TACFIRE, experimental Bay Area PRNET, TCP, communication protocols, Army Message Protocol (AMP), host interface unit. 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) This report presents the results of an Army Packet Radio Network (PRNET) Communication Protocol Study. Tactical Information Distribution System (TIDS) data communication requirements are analyzed and discussed, and a set of PRNET communication protocols that satisfies those requirements is defined. A general strategy for attaching a PRNET to TACFIRE is presented, and an application-level protocol is specified to make the replacement of the VHF-FM communication equipment with packet radio equipment transparent to the rest of the TACFIRE svstem. DD 1 OR 1473 UNCLASSIFIED EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whei Data ntiredI 4 CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ........... iii PREFACE ............. iv I INTRODUCTION............ II PACKET-SWITCHED COMPUTER NETWORKS III THE ARPA PACKET RADIO NETWORK. ........ 8 A. The Channel Access Protocol ... ....... .. 10 B. Station-to-PRU Protocol ... .... 14 C. Transmission Control Protocol ... ........ 15 D. TCP and User Processes ........... 15 E. TCP Mechanisms ....... ......... 17 IV THE PRNET IN MILITARY APPLICATIONS ... ........ 21 A. Attachment to TACFIRE ...... ........... 21 B. Army PRNET Communication Protocols .... ....... 24 4 V THE ARMY MESSAGE PROTOCOL ... ...... o.. 30 A. AMP Specification .. ... I 30 B. AMP Process Interface....... ./. 37 C. Analysis of AMP. ... ...... 38 VI SUMMARY ............ .. 41 REFERENCES........ ...... 42 ii , .1~'. ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Overview of Current TACFIRE Configuration .... .... 2 2 Typical Computer Network ...... ... ........ 5 3 Message Transmission by Packet Switching. ...... 7 4 Packet Radio Network Logical Diagram. ..... 9 1 5 Layering of Packet Radio Network Protocols ...... 11 6 Format of PRNET Packet ... .... ...... 12 7 Format of Internet Packet ..... ..... .. 18 * 8 Proposed TACFIRE Communication Structure ....... .23 9 Proposed PRNET Protocol Structure for TACFIRE Application ..... ........ 25 10 Host Interface Unit Process Structure . ...... 27 11 Proposed Intranet Naming Convention . ....... 28 12 Format of AMP Header ... .... ...... 32 13 Format of Association State Block. ...... ... 34 iii M PREFACE There are enormous unfulfilled needs in the military for data communication at all levels, tactical and strategic, owing largely to the proliferation of computer-based systems. These needs are becoming well recognized; for example, the Army is aware of the emerging requirements for tactical information distribution systems (TIDS) that can serve the artillery, tanks, intelligence, air defense, logistics, and other tactical components. Current tactical systems, such as the AN/VRC-12 VHF-FM radio and the AN/TRC series of multichannel voice radio, are unable function effectively in this capacity. However, witn the advanced computer communication technology now available and under development, which encompasses virtually all media (land lines, satellite, ground radio), it appears that powerful and flexible TIDS solutions can be achieved. The experimental packet radio network (PRNET), which has already demonstrated a powerful internetwork capability through its interconnection with the ARPANET, employs such a technology. The Army is currently evaluating the possibility of utilizing the Tactical Fire Direction System (TACFIRE) in a TIDS testbed. TACFIRE's communication structure suggests that it might be desirable to introduce packet radio TIDS technology to the TACFIRE system. This could be achieved by substituting a single (shared) broadband PRNET for the several (dedicated) narrowband VHF radio nets now being used, an approach applicable to any TIDS. For compatibility, such a substitution of communication media must be transparent to the existing communication protocols and software, as well as to those components not replaced by the packet radio equipment. The purpose of this report is to recommend a communication protocol structure for use within military PRNETs that will fulfill the communication requirements of TACFIRE and other Army tactical data systems while requiring minimum modification to these systems. (While -. this approach cannot take full advantage of the increased power of internetwork computer communication, it is a first step in providing the Army with a modern data communication system.) The proposed protocol structure makes use of the ARPA-developed transmission control protocol (TCP) for all internet and intercommand center message exchanges, and a new Army message protocol (AMP) specifically designed for the low-level * TIDS environment, for message exchange among remote terminals, and between the remote terminals and command centers. To minimize changes to the user components, an application protocol (MSGMUX) is defined to mediate the transfer of messages between the user equipment and the PRNET equipment without modifications of any sort to the messages or message-flow patterns. I iv I This report also proposes a strategy for attachment of a PRNET to a specific user system, the Army Tactical Fire Direction System (TACFIRE), to replace the VHF FM communication equipment currently in use. This will be done by interfacing PRNET host interface units (HIUs) to the TACFIRE components at a bus level where such attachment can be made with no effect on other components, while permitting access to all TACFIRE message flow. At the TACFIRE fire direction centers (FDCs), this proposed attachment will be made at the digital data terminal (DDT) level, displacing the DDTs. At the remote terminal level, the HIU will be interfaced to the internal bus of the terminal device, and any special input/output transformations necessary for the success of such attachment will be implemented within the HIU to avoid modification to TACFIRE terminal software. U TACFIRE was chosen as a test system for the introduction of PRNET communication technology since it is the most developed computer-based military system available; it is therefore well established, and has much available documentation. All recommendations in this report regarding TACFIRE or general military communication are purely preliminary; they are intended as bases for further design and analysis . pending further investigation and initial testing of military PRNET communication systems. v I INTRODUCTION The Army tactical fire direction system (TACFIRE) [1)0 is a computer-assisted command and control system for the direction of tactical fire support. Its objective is to automate the integration of factors of strategy, tactics, intelligence, communication, and logistics in order to increase fire support effectiveness, by improving accuracy, reaction time, use of target information, and allocation of fire. TACFIRE automates the functions of the battalion and division artillery fire direction centers (FDC), as well as those in the division fire support element (FSE), including fire unit and ammunition status, meteorological data, nonnuclear fire planning, target intelligence, tactical and technical fire control, survey information, preliminary target analysis, nuclear target analysis, nuclear fire planning, chemical target analysis, and fallout prediction. Figure 1 summarizes the TACFIRE configuration and
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