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[COMMI TTEE PRI NT ]

REPO RT O F T HE C OMMITTEE O N UN -AMERICAN ACTIVITIES TO T HE UNITED STATES HOUSE O F E E G E H N G RE REP RESENTATIV S , I HTI T CO SS

IN VEST IGATION OF

UN -AMERICAN ACT IVITIES I N T HE U T STATES

COMMI TTEE ON UN-AMERI CAN ACTI VI TI ES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI VES us Ome ss EIGHTIE TH CON GRE SS SE CON D SE SSIO N

Pu blic Law 6 01

( Section 1 21 , Subsection #

D E CE MBE R 3 1 , 1 94 8 COMMITTE E ON TI N -AMER ICAN ACTIVITIE S

h ir man . PA MA N ew erse C a J RNELL THO S , J y, KA E M o u t h ako t S a . eo a RL . UNDT, D JOHN S WOOD , G rgi n n lv E K M s s s MC Pe s an a . A s JOHN DOWELL, y i JOHN R N IN, i i ippi

C A M . # Cal f o r n a . A P F lo da RI H RD NI ON. i i J H RDIN ETERSON, ri

A A ll n o s F . A E u n C . o s a a RI H RD B V IL, I i i EDW RD H BERT , L i i

O BE RT E . T RI P LI N G Chie I n ves ti ator R S , f g BE N J AM I N MAN DE L D ir ector of R es ear ch , REPORT OF T HE COMMITTEE ON UN -AMERICAN ACTIVI TIE S T O T HE HOUSE OF REPRESEN TA R T I VES, EIGHTIETH CON G ESS

The end of 1 94 8 marks the close of the most active and productive period in the history of the House Committee on U n - American ’ Activities . By virtue of the authority conferred upon it by Public 21 s 2 m b ec . 60 1 . 1 su Law ( sec , # , ( ) giving the com ittee certain special m functions not applicable to any other agency of the Govern ent , the committee is in a position to report the followin g highlights of its r r fo r 2 eco d . the past years 1 3 0 - . For the first time in the year history of the Communist

Party of the United States , the committee made a full exposure of the activities of a representative of the Communist International , operat ing illegally in this country for more than a decade , namely Gerhart

E E Li tzen . isler , alias Hans Berger , dwards , Gerhard , Samuel p , etc , n o w and a subject of prosecution by the Justice Department . 2 E . xtensive hearings dealt with Communist penetration of the

- motion picture industry . 3 . The operations of the International Music Bureau with head quarters in Moscow and reaching into Hollywood through Hanns E isler , were the subj ect of public hearings .

4 . e L on Josephson , for many years an international operative for the world Communist movement and official procurer of false pass ports , was brought into the public spotlight for the first time and rought before the bar of justice .

5 . E ose h The proceedings in connection with Gerhart isler , Leon J p E son , Hanns isler , and others, demonstrated the operations of a vast m Com unist passport ring . 6 C . ontinuing its efforts to demonstrate the aims and methods of m Communist penetration of labor unions , the co mittee conducted hearings dealing with such activities in the United Automobile Work E ers Union , CIO , the United lectrical , Radio and Machine Workers ( f merica CI O T , , and the Food , obacco and Agricultural Workers , él g 7 E . ugene Dennis , general secretary of the Communist Party of the was m i United States, brought before the com ittee . H s full record and many ali ases were noted . He has been cited and convicted for contempt of Congress . 8 - . For the first time in the history of Soviet American relations , the House of Representatives w as apprised through our committee of # # the T practice of legal espionage by the Amtorg rading Corp , an f of icial Soviet commercial agency .

9 . m s e For the first ti e in the history of Congre s , the committe inaugu rated a series of public hearings on bills to curb or ou tlaw m the Com unist Party of the United States . The Attorney General 1 REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

ou tstan din memb er s and g of the legal profession , as well as leading public men , participated . As a result , an authoritative body of data was collected on this hitherto neglected sub#ect an d the committee 5852 - was introduced H . R . , known as the Mundt Nixon bill , which o ver whe in i n adopted by an l g vote of the House of Representatives , 1 0 . The committee initiated an exhaustive investigation into espio n age in the field of atomic energy and its findings were embodied into # a report entitled Report on Sov1 et E spionage Activities in Co mi ec # tion With the Atom Bomb . T C i 1 1 . he operations and activities of ommunists in the Un ted E States were the sub#ect of testimony by J . dgar Hoover , Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation , and such Witnesses as Louis B u den z a F . , former managing editor of the D ily Worker , and Victor

n 1 . A . Kravche ko , former Sov et representative s m 1 2. In a serie of hearings the Operations of a Co munist espionage ring operating through top - fli ght Government officials during the 0 E past 1 years were revealed through the testimony of lizabeth T .

Bentley and Whittaker Chambers , former members of the ring .

1 3 . The committee has published a series of reports on various phases o f the Co mmun ist problem in the interest of public enlighten : ment in this field , notably The Communist Party of the U nited States as an Agent of a F oreign Power

copies ) . The Communist Party of the U nited States as an Advocate of Overthrow of Gov i e rn men t by Force and Violence Cop es . )

The American Youth for Democracy copies . ) H The Southern Conference for uman Welfare copies . )

Report on the Civil Rights Congress as a Communist Front copies . ) 1 0 Y u K U SA 0 Things o Should now About Communism in the copies . ) 1 0 K 0 Things You Should now About Communism and Religion copies . ) o K m E 1 00 T hings Y u Should now About Communis and ducation copies . ) 1 o L 0 0 Things Y u Should Know About Communism and abor copies . ) Y 1 0 0 Things ou Should Know About Communism and Government copies . ) Citations by Official Government Agencies of O rganizations and Publications

Found to be Communist or Communist Fronts copies . ) The intense interest of the country in these publications is demon str ated by the fact that our supply of these publications is almost exhausted at this time . In a number of instances committee reports were reprinted in full or in ma#or part by newspapers throughout the o c untry . E IGHT- POINT PR OGRAM

Early in 1947 the committee adopted the following eight - point pro gram which outlined the scope of its activities . This program furnishes an appropriate standard by which the work of the committee should be judged .

1 . To expose and ferret out the Communists and Communist sym p athiz ers in the Federal Government .

2. To spotlight the spectacle of having outright Communists con tr llin g and dominating some of the most vital unions in American lag or .

3 . To institute a countereducational program against the subversive propaganda which has been hurled at the American people .

4 . Investigation of those groups and movements which are trying to dissipate our atomic bomb knowledge for the benefit of a foreign power . REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

. 5 . Investigation of Communist influences in Hollywood

. 6 . Investigation of Communist influences in education O f 7 . rganization of the research sta f so as to furnish reference service to Members of Congress and to keep them currently informed on all subj ects relating to subversive and u n -American activities in the United States .

8 . Continued accumulation of files and records to be placed at the disposal of the investigative units of the Government and armed services . OPPOSITION T O T H E COM M ITTE E

In a sense the storm of opposition to the activities of the committee is a tribute to its achievements in the field of exposure of those who threaten our national security . It is to the credit of the great mass of the American people that they have not been blinded to the maj or issues involved and the solid and far—reaching importance of the com ’ mittee s work by the raising of minor procedural issues or attempts to belittle the work of the committee through petty ridicule . In the main such opposition has come from the following sources 1 . The Communists and their close fellow travelers who fear exposure . C 2. Those who have been duped or compromised by the ommunists and who seek to cover up their own gullibility . 3 . Those who are too naive to believe that there is a serious Com mu n ist menace to our way of life . Never in the history of this committee has it encountered so extensive f its and highly coordinated an ef ort to challenge authority , by organiza tion s and individuals of a subversive character seeking to shelter their om activities behind legal safeg uards . They outline the nature of C mu n ist legal strategy before investigative and j udicial bodies . These challenges have fallen within the following categories , which in some cases have been the subj ect of court review and decision :

1 . Refusal to produce official records on grounds that such a request is outside the scope of the committee . 2 C . m harge that the com ittee is illegal and unconstitutional , both in the manner in which the authority given to it by the Congress has been executed , and by the terms of that authority itself . 3 . Refusal to answer questions regardi n g political or other afi lia tions on the grounds that they do not fall within the purview of the ’ an d committee s authority , that such questions violate the provisions of the first amendment .

4 . Denial of the right of the committee to compel a witness to testify . ’ 5 . Charge that the committee s investigations are an intrusion upon the judicial fu n ction which is invested in the judiciary according to article III of the Constitution .

6 . Charge that the committee is illegally constituted by reason of the violation of the fourteenth amendment in the election of one of m I its embers . 7 . Refusal to answer questions under the privilege extended by the C n — fifth amendment of the onstitution agai st self incrimination . The authority of the committee has been upheld by a number of u — recent decisions of the co rts , in test cases of precedent making im portance . REPORT OF COM I VI I T T E E ON UN -AME RICAN ACTI VITIES

AUTHORITY UPHE LD BY T H E COUR TS

LE ON JOSEP H SON

The case of Leon Josephson before the United States Circuit Court 9 1 947 of Appeals for the Second Circuit on December , , provided an ’ e arly test of the committee s power . Josephson had refused to be

to 5 1 947. sworn or testify at a hearing held on March , The court L w 6 0 1 found that the committee had been established under Public a , - C an d . 5 Seventy ninth ongress , House Resolution No of the E ightieth C 2 ongress , and that Josephson had been indicted under Title , United

1 92. States Code , section The latter statute provides insofar as pres ently pertinent that E very person who having been summoned as a witness by the authority of either House of Congress to give testimony or to produce papers upon any matter under inquiry before either House or any committee of either House

of Congress , willfully makes default , or who , having appeared , refuses to answer

any question pertinent to the question under inquiry , shall be deemed guilty of a 1 2 4 . . . 0 2 5 . 9 2 2 U . . . misdemeanor ( Rev Stat sec , as amended , Stat , . S C A

sec . 1 92 ) The court further recognized that

The Committee on U m-American Activities has been duly authorized under the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1 9 46 to conduct investigations l in line with the provisions of P u b ic Law 60 1 . The court ruled that At the very least , the language of the authorizing statute permits investigating the advocacy of the idea that the Government or the Constitutional system of the U nited States should be overthrown by force rather than by the peaceful process of amendment of the Constitution set forth in Article V n Surely , matters which potentially affect the very survival of our Governme t

are by no means the purely personal concern of anyone . And investigations into such matters are inquiries relati n g to the personal affairs of private idividu als only to the e# tent that those individuals are a part of the Government as a U e hs whole . ( . S . v . Jos p on . )

' The court fully agreed with the opinion of Judge H oltzo fi in

n ited S ta tes v. B r an . . . 72 . . 58 62 U y (D D C F Supp , )

’ That the subject of u n -American and subversive activities is within the in ves i atin t g g power of the Congress is obvious . Conceivably , information in this field may aid the Congress in legislating concerning any one of many matters , such as 5 correspondence with foreign governments ( U . S . C . A . title 1 8 , sec . ) seditious c onspiracy ( Id . sec . prohibition of undermining the morale of the armed forces ( Id . sec . suppression of advocacy of overthrow of the Government 1 r ( Id . sec . 0 ) the registration of organizations carrying on certain types of p op a

ganda ( Id . secs . 1 4 and 1 5 ) qualifications for entering and remaining in Gov e r n men t service ; the authorization of governmental radio broadcasts to other e s countries ; and other innumerable topics . ( U . S . v . Jos p h on . ) Answering the appellant ’ s argument seeking recourse in the first amendment of the Constitution to the effect that the committee ’ s power ’ C to investigate is limited by Congress power to legislate , that ongress is prohibited from legislating upon matters of thought , speech , or opin ion and hence a statute empowering a congressional committee : to investigate such matters is unconstitutional , the court held

B u t clearly Congress can and should legislate to curtail this freedom at least # # # where there is a clear an d present danger that its e ercise would , as by armed # o rebellion or e ternal attack , imperil the country and its c nstitutional system ,

. S che n cle Un ite including , until amended , the peaceful process of amendment ( v . d REPORT OF COI VI I VI I T T E E ON UN - AI VI E RI CAN ACTIVITIE S

f o S ta tes 249 U . S. 4 7 s r , , Such legi lation might ultimately be the only means th e prese rvation of this free dom ’ The appe llant s argument runs counter to the very purpose of the first amend o n ment . The power of Congress t gather facts of the most i tense public concern , such as these , is not diminished by the unchallenged right of individuals to speak their minds within lawful limits . When speech , or propaganda , or whatever it may at the moment be called , clearly presents an immediate danger to national security , the protection of the first amendment ceases .

e e In common with other witnesses appearing b fore our committ e , # the appellant demanded protection under the equal protection of the laws # clause of the fourteenth amendment and the denial of due proc cess clause of the fifth amendment to the Constitution . The court ruled as follows on this p omt :

’ the c Certainly , if question were one of Congress legislating, it ould validly e legislate regarding one type of propaganda and not another , at least if ther were a clear and present danger from the former and not the latter Clearly the congressional power to investigate is as fle# ible as its power to legi s

l . it late , once the atter power is established That is established , at least for purposes of this case , seems abundantly clear . 20 19 48 to On December , , the United States Supreme Court refused h r eview t e case of Leon Josephson .

A K . A KY E T A EDW RD B RS , L .

r r k lan ta t s o A l t v. n it d S e E dwa s t al. U d K. B a e e s e The case of y, , pp f America A ellee C A , pp , was decided by the United States ourt of p

1 8 1 948 . peals , District of Columbia , on March , Involved in this case ff E . was the failure of Dr . dward K Barsky and his fellow o icials of - u the JOint Anti Fascist Ref gee Committee , to produce the records : of their association . The court held We are unable to visualize the particular in which civil rights are violated by a requirement that persons who collect funds from the public in this country for relief purposes abroad account for the collection and distribution of such funds . The appellants further contended that the congressional com mittee was unconstitutional because it authorized inquiry into political opin ’ ion and expression , in Violation of the first amendment . The Court s deCI Sl O I l on this question bears directly upon other cases before this : Committee in which Similar ob#ection was raised . The court rules

We hold that in view of the representations to the Congress as to the nature , purposes and programs of Communism and the Communist Party , and in view i of the legislation proposed , pending and possible in respect to or prem sed upon that subject , and in view of the involvement of that subject in the foreign policy of the Government , Congress has power to make inquiry of an individual which may elicit the answer that the witness is a believer in communism or a member of the Communist Party . And we further hold that the provision we have quoted R N O 5 H . from ouse esolution is sufficiently clear , definite and authoritative to permit this particular committee to make that particular inquiry .

GERHART EISLER

6 1 947 E On February , , Gerhart isler appeared before the Committee U h -Ai n er ican on Activities and refused to be sworn in . He demanded i nstead , the right to submit a lengthy typewritten statement . Testi e E mony before the committee stablished that Gerhart isler , alias Hans E E Berger , Gerhard , dwards , Brown , Julius isman , and Samuel Li tzin e n the p , although d nyi g before Immigration and Naturaliza REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON U N - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

14 1 9 41 b een a tion Service on June , , that he was or had ever member C Co of the ommunist Party or any mmunist organization , was in fact # an important international Communist and responsible representa # tive of the Communist International . Under the name of E dwards he had served in this capacity from # # 1 93 3 1 93 8 . E until by virtue of which position , according to J dgar # Hoover , he was responsible for and instrumental in the determina tion of American Communist policy and the control and direction of C m # American om unist operations , and actually the liaison between the Comintern and the authorities in Moscow and the Communist # m Party , U . S . A . He had sworn before the im igration authorities that he had never previously been in the United States . It was further established that Gerhart E isler had traveled on a 1 9 3 4 Li tzin false passport in under the name of Samuel p , the passport a Li tz in pplication being made out by Leon Josephson . p is a promi ffi f nent Communist Party o cial on the staf of one of its organs , Morn r eiheit ing F . to O It is interesting note that William dell Nowell , a student at the E Lenin School in Moscow , who testified to meeting isler in both Moscow

and Detroit , also mentioned among those he met in Moscow the fol : lowing Beatrice Siskind , now held for deportation as a member of an organization advocating the overthrow of government by force and violence ; Steve Nelson , shown by recent testimony before our com mittee to have been involved in espionage concerning information on a n tomic energy ; Jack Stachel , later mentioned as a leader of the in er circle of Communist leaders in liaison with the underground appa E C ratus ; arl Browder , former general secretary of the ommunist s Chilo fsk the . . . C Party , U S A and Morris hild ( y) , former editor of

Daily Worker . In other words we have here an impressive picture of

American Communist officials operating at headquarters in Moscow . Further testimony disclosed that E isler had been active in the Ger C man , Chinese , and Austrian ommunist Parties and that he was a notorious , international terrorist , and Operative for the GPU, the

Soviet secret terrorist organization . B den z . u Louis F , former managing editor of the Daily Worker , e u E t stified that on a n mber of occasions , isler had been in contact with C Samuel Carr , alias Kogan , organizing secretary of the ommunist C Party of Canada , who was involved in the ommunist spy ring in C C Canada according to the report of the anadian Royal ommission . E his Though an illegal alien , Gerhart isler had not hesitated in articles to attack Secretary of State Byrnes , General Wedemeyer , and u Governor Dewey . He was even s fficiently powerful to discipline Z n C . . William . Foster , chairman of the ommu ist Party , U S A. , and - in - Clarence Hathaway , the editor chief of the Daily Worker . Among s other international Communist agent , with whom he had been in B u den z contact , mentioned Brown , alias Alpi , alias Mariano ; J . V .

s . Peters , alia Roberts , alias Stevens ’ Listed as references on E isler s application to depart dated Septem b 1 94 w er 5 5 . E a . , , are Dr d rd K Barsky and Helen Bryan of the Joint

- Anti Fascist Refugee Committee , who have been cited and convicted for contempt of Congress . This organization furnished E isler with funds during his stay in the United States . ’ The com mittee s action in the case of Gerhart E isler has been fully upheld by the courts as the fo llowmg record Will Show :

r s — 1 1 9 4 7 Con temp t of Con g e s . February 8 , cited for contempt of Congress by 28 1 9 4 7 H . ouse of Representatives February , , indicted by Federal grand jury

J 1 0 1 9 4 7 . J in District of Columbia . une , , convicted of contempt of Congress une 2 1 7 , 1 9 4 7, sentenced for contempt of Congress to year in jail and fine by Judge Ale# ander H oltzoff of District Court in District of Columbia freed pending app eaL r l — ~ u u A ea . 1 4 J Co t of pp s April 5 , 9 8 , arg ed before ustices Clark , Prettyman , and 9 4 r 4 . J 1 7 1 8 P octor . June 1 4 , 1 9 8 , opinion affirmed une , , order denying petition f 1 1 4 o 1 1 4 9 . r rehearing . August 0 , 9 8 , order staying mandate to Sep tember , 8

September 3 , 1 9 4 8 , order granting motion to authorize clerk to transmit original transcript of record to Supreme Court . u r — 1 1 9 4 S u reme C t . 25 5 3 8 . p o ( Case No ) August , , petition for certiorari filed

s — 1 4 1 4 P asszi or t F ra u d Ca e April , 9 7 , indicted on three counts of passport

. 1 5 1 9 4 7 fraud by Federal grand jury in District of Columbia August , , convicted of passport fraud in District Court of U nited States in District of Columbia . J ustice James W . Morris presiding ; freed under bond and deferred sen i 2 1 9 4 tence while defense filed mot ons . February , 8 , motion for new trial , here M 24 1 9 4 tofore argued , was denied . arch , 8 , sentenced on charge of passport fraud to serve 1 to 3 years in jail consec utively following the 1 year sentence impo sed for contempt of Congress . Allowed to remain at large on bond pending

C u r — o t o Ap e a ls J 28 1 9 4 8 . 1 0 1 94 8 , # f p uly , , record filed August , order e tending ’

1 4 . time to September 3 0 , 9 8 , to file appellant s brief m t The com ittee deplores the fact , however , that this in ernational criminal has been permitted to remain at large for nearly 2 years to continue to carry on his nefarious activities , a case showing up glar in l the g y inadequacy of our present laws and prosecution machinery .

HANNS E ISLER

O 24 25 26 1 9 47 n September , , and , the committee held hearings deal E E ing with the case of Hanns isler,brother of Gerhart isler . Hanns E isler had been acclaimed by the Communists as # a revolutionary fi musician , composer of of cially sponsored and approved Communist as compositions Comintern , Red Front , Red Wedding . He was listed E 1 9 3 3 in the Great Soviet ncyclopedia of as a Communist . Hanns E isler was one of the foun ders of the International Music 19 32 Bureau in Moscow in November , the aims of which have been — published in the magazine , Soviet Music , for March April 1 9 3 3 : We should not verge one single iota from a program of progressive class strug gle . We can be successful in our efforts only if we know how to transplant our political slogans to the sphere of music . We should prove that the only right road for artistic creations which include also that of musicians , , i s i n the service to the objectives of proletarian revolution . E # Mr . isler has frankly avowed that Communist music becomes the # heavy artillery of the battle for communism . ’ T he voluminous record of Hanns E isler s Communist activities and O his avowed revolutionary aims , demonstrate his real purpose in com ing to this country and the far - reachi n g obj ectives of Co mmunist propaganda even in the field of music . Despite thi s record and these ob#ectives , he had free access to the United States and was allowed to come and go , almost at will in violation of the immigration laws m s against the ad is ion of Communists . He falsely denied any sym pathy or affiliations with the Communist movement before the im

. 1 9 35 migration authorities He entered as a visitor in February , 8 3 4 0 0 —4 9 — 2 RE PORT OF COMM ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

4 1935 21 1 938 reentered on October , , again on January , , and Septem 1 1 1 939 17 1 94 0 ber , . On July , the Department of Labor issued a E warrant for the arrest of Hanns isler and his wife , on the ground that they had remained in the United States for a period longer than

s . 22 permitted , but these warrant were never served On October , 1 940 , they were admitted into the United States on a nonquota visa and

3 was . on October 0 of the same year , the warrant canceled Again he

o 6 1 94 1 . reentered from Mexic on January , ’ The evidence before the committee disclosed that Hanns E isler s admission to this country in violation of our immigration laws was advanced by certain individuals in the highest circles of the

Government . 1 948 At the end of February , the immigration authorities agreed E to halt deportation proceedings and Mr . and Mrs . Hanns isler were he permitted to depart by plane for Czechoslovakia . The fact that had sworn falsely as to his Communist record was ignored .

EUGENE DENNIS

2 i to During the past years , the comm ttee has sought reach the very roots of the Communist movement in the United States . In line with E this policy, ugene Dennis , general secretary of the Communist Party, 9 1 947 USA , was summoned before the committee on April , It was revealed that Dennis had employed various aliases during his E D career , such as Francis ugene Waldron ennis , Gene Dennis ,

E # r . so Paul ugene Walsh , Francis avier Waldron , J , Milton , and forth . He has a long criminal record . He had falsely registered his b 10 1 9 04 birth before his Selective Service draft oard as of August , , o f 10 1 90 5 n E instead August , , u der the name of Francis ugene

Waldron . 1 1 1 930 E On December , , ugene Dennis , under the alias of Paul

Walsh, made application for an American passport to visit Germany , E 1 32 . 3 1 9 France , Italy , and ngland On December , , this passport was 1 934 renewed at Johannesburg, South Africa . In , an operative known as Paul Walsh was active in Shanghai , China , assisting Arthur E E C rnst wert , alias Harry Berger , a representative of the ommunist i i International . Walsh or Dennis was specifically engaged in d s n te ration g work among the British armed forces at Shanghai . He 1 934 19 3 5 a remained in the Soviet Union during and , his p ssport being renewed in Moscow in the latter year .

e Mr . Dennis refused to appear before the committ e on April 9 and subsequent action was as follows : O on tem t o O on r ess : 22 1 947 E u p f g April , , ene Dennis , also known %n r ess as Francis Waldron , cited for contempt of C g by the House of

. 30 1 947 Representatives April , , Dennis was indicted on the contempt

C . 26 1 947 charge by District of olumbia grand j ury June , convicted

C . 8 1 947 of the charge in District Court in District of olumbia July , sentenced by Associate Justice David Pine of District Court to 1 year in j ail and a fine ; released on bond pending appeal to

C . 16 1 947 the United States ourt of Appeals September , , recognition a on ppeal delivered to court of appeals . ’ Cou r t of a eals N 1 0 1 947 pp ovember , defendant s brief filed in court ’ . 24 1 947 of Appeals December , Government s brief filed . May 7, REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIE S

1 948 a . , rgued before Justices Clark , Prettyman , and Proctor On Mc ab b ar o f s . C e motion of Mr . David Rein , Me srs Louis F . of the E the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and arl B . Dickerson of the bar of the St ate of Illinois were permitted to argue for appellant

. O 1 2 1 94 8 pro hac vici by special leave of court ctober , , decision upholding conviction handed down by cou rt of appeals . Indicted 20 94 1 8 . by Federal grand jury , July ,

MOTION - PICTURE INDUSTRY

5 - In conformity with point of its eight point program , the com mittee devoted the final week of October 1 947 to an investigation of - s Communist influence in the motion picture industry . At the out et the chairman outlined the purpose o f the in quiry as follows :

f e We all recognize , certainly , the tremendous e fect which moving pictures hav i c H W e on their mass aud en es , far removed from the ollywood sets . e all r cog nize that what the citizen sees and hears in his neighborhood movie house carries f a power ul impact on his thoughts and behavior . With such vast infl uence over the lives of American citizens as the motion # — tu r — picture industry e erts , it is not unnatural fact , it is ve y logical that sub versive and undemocratic forces should attempt to use this medi um for u n

American purposes . These factors assume special importance in the present period in which the international Communist propaganda machine is engaged in a cold war of slan der against the United States . The chairman expressed # every confidence that the vast majority # of movie workers are patriotic and loyal Americans . Any desire on the part of the com mittee to establish a censorship over the industry was categorically denied .

The committee heard the testimony of leading producers , script writers , actors , and labor leaders in the industry . t ile the committee could not within the limits of its time and resources examine every single phase of Communist activity in the dis industry , the outlines and the pattern of such activity was clearly closed . Certain individuals were named as responsible for the activity de : scribed John Howard Lawson , Dalton Trumbo , Albert Maltz , Alvah O rn itz E Dmtr k Bessie, Samuel , Herbert Joseph Biberman , dward y ,

r . Adrian Scott , Ring Lardner , J , and Lester Cole . In each case the witnesses were accompanied by counsel . E ach of these witnesses re f C fused to a firm or deny membership in the ommunist Party , claiming that the committee had no right to inquire into his political beliefs or affiliations . In each case the committee presented voluminous evidence to Show affiliations with Communist organizations and a copy of the ’ i witness Communist Party reg stration card . Contempt proceedings in these cases have since been presented to the courts with the following disposition ALBERT M ALTZ

O on tem t o Con r ess : 24 1 947 p f g November , Albert Maltz cited for

contempt of Congress by the House of Representatives . December 5 1 94 7 , , Maltz indicted by Federal grand jury in District of Columbia

. 5 1 94 8 9 for aforesaid contempt January , , trial set for January , 1 948 , before United States District Judge David A . Pine . January REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

’ 9 1 948 arr ai n ed s 1 5 , , g plea , not guilty , entered ; days asked in which

n . 1 3 1 94 8 to file motio s , etc February , , motion to dismiss and for

a 1 6 1 94 8 . change of venue heard in p rt ; continued to February , Feb ru ar 1 6 1 948 e y , , motion to dismiss and motion for chang of venue 0 1 94 ’ . 3 8 e denied April , , defendant s motion for a continuanc because ’ a of unavail bility of material witness heard and denied . Defendant s motion to take deposition of Hon . J . Parnell Thomas heard and

. 3 194 8 570 granted May , , House Resolution in response to a subpena C duces tecum to John Andrews , lerk of the House of Representatives , 0 94 n . 1 1 8 5 83 filed May , , House Resolution in respo se to a subpena n e duces tecum to John A drews , Clerk of the House of R presentatives , ’ l Ma 1 1 1 948 n fi ed . y , , defenda t s proposed stipulation for disposition C e of this case approved by Judge Pine . ase continu d for disposition

1 8 1 9 4 8 . pursuant to this stipulation . May , , waived jury trial Agreed to submit written presentation of case to court for a decision .

DALTON TRUM BO

Con tem t o Co n r ess : 24 1 947 p f g November , Dalton Trumbo cited for contempt of Congress by the House of Representatives . December 5 1 94 7 , , Trumbo indicted by Federal grand jury in the District of 7 C . 1 5 1 94 olumbia for aforesaid contempt charge December , , and 5 1 94 8 January , , appeals for stay until start of individual trial denied by Unite d States District Judge David A . Pine ; trial set for January ’ 9 94 8 a 9 94 rr i n d 1 . 1 8 a a e s 1 5 , J nuary , , g plea of not guilty , entered ;

. 13 1 94 8 days asked in which to file motions , etc February , , motion to dismiss and for change of venue , heard in part ; continued to 1 6 1 4 1 6 19 4 8 . a 9 8 . February , Febru ry , , hearing of motion resumed

n e . 1 9 Motion to dismiss and motion for cha ge of venue deni d April , 4 ’ 1 9 8 . 27 1 94 8 , date set for trial April , defendant s motion for trans

C . 29 1 948 fer from District of olumbia heard and denied April , , 56 jury sworn . House Resolution 1 in response to a subpena duces tecum to Representative John McD o well filed ; House Resolution 562 n in respo se to a subpena duces tecum to Representative Richard B . Vail filed ; House Resolution 56 0 in response to a subpena du ces tecum

n Sab ath . 3 1 94 8 to Represe tative Adolph filed May , , House Reso lu tion 5 6 9 in response to a subpena duces tecum to John Andrews ,

C v . . lerk of the House of Representati es , filed Deposition of Hon J .

Parnell Thomas filed . Report on hearings before the Committee on U n - s O 20 21 American Activitie , House of Representatives , ctober , , 2 1 4 f 3 24 27 28 29 3 0 9 7 . O , , , , and , , filed f er of proof regarding testi mony of members of the House Committee on U n - American Activities ’ 4 1 948 . t filed . May , , trial resumed , same jury Defendan s prayers

78 5 1 94 8 . s ( ) filed , May , , trial resumed , same jury Verdict , guilty a

indicted . Case referred . Defendant permitted to remain on bond 1 0 1 94 8 n ew pending sentence . May , , motion for trial and points and 21 1 94 8 authorities in support thereof filed . May , , sentenced to 1 year in j ail and fined Permitted to remain on bond pending

appeal . ’

Cou r t o a eals : 28 1 94 8 . 21 1 94 8 f pp Record filed July , August , , 30 19 48 ’ order extending time to September , , to file appellant s brief . REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN -AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

SAB‘I UE L O R N I T Z

Con te m t o Con ress : 24 1 947 O rn itz p f g November , , Samuel cited for contempt of Congress by the Hou se of Representatives . December 1 94 7 rn itz CO 5 , O indicted by Federal grand j ury in the District of 1 1 9 47 e . 5 lumbia for aforesaid cont mpt charge December , , and Janu ar 5 1 94 8 y , , appeals for stay until start of individual trial denied by United States District Judge David A . Pine ; trial set for January ’ 9 1 94 8 r r i n 1 5 9 1 9 4 8 . a a ed s , January , , g plea , not guilty , entered ; 1 3 1 94 8 to days asked in which to file motions , etc . February , , motion dismiss and for change of venue , heard in part ; continued to February

1 6 1 94 8 a 1 6 194 8 . to , . Febru ry , , hearing of motion resumed Motion 1 1 94 8 u . 1 dismiss and motion for change of ven e denied May , , de ’ fendant s proposed stipulation for disposition of case filed and ap n proved by Judge Pine . Case continued for dispositio pursuant to

t . 1 8 1 94 8 . his stipulation May , , waived jury trial Agreed to sub mit written presentation of case in court for a decision .

ROBERT ADRIAN SCOTT

Co n tem t o Co n r ess : 24 1 947 p f g November , , Robert Adrian Scott cited for contempt of Congress by the House of Representatives . De cemb e r 5 1 947 , Scott indicted by Federal grand jury in the District C 1 5 1 947 of olumbia for aforesaid contempt charge . December , , and a 5 1 94 8 u J nuary , , appeals for stay ntil start of individual trial denied by United States District Judge David A . Pine ; trial set for January ’ 9 94 8 r r i n a 9 1 94 8 . 1 a a ed s 1 5 , January , , g ple , not guilty , entered ; F . eb r u days asked in which to file motions , etc Motions to be heard 94 1 3 1 94 8 . 1 3 1 8 ary , February , , motion to dismiss and for change of u 1 6 1 6 1 94 8 . ven e heard in part ; continued to February , February , 1 94 8 a t , he ring of mo ion resumed . Motion to dismiss and motion ’

. 1 1 1 94 8 for change of venue denied May , , defendant s proposed an d stipulation for disposition of case filed approved by Judge Pine .

Case continued for disposition pursuant to this stipulation . JOHN HOWARD LAWSON

Co n te m t o Con r ess : 24 1 947 p f g November , , John Howard Lawson ,

cited for contempt of Congress by the House of Representatives . De o 5 1 94 7 c mber , , Lawson indicted by Federal grand jury for aforesaid 1 5 1 94 7 5 1 94 8 contempt charge . December , , and January , , appeals for stay until start of individual tri al denied by United Sta tes District n 9 9 4 8 . 9 1 94 8 . 1 Judge David A Pine ; trial set for Ja uary , January , , ’ ar r ai n ed s u 1 5 g plea of not g ilty , entered ; days asked in which to file

. 1 3 1 94 8 . 13 motions , etc Motions to be heard February , February , 1948 , motion to dismiss and for change of venue heard in part ; con tin u e 1 6 94 8 d 1 . 1 6 1 948 r e to February , February , , hearing of motion

sumed . Motion to dismiss and motion for change of venue denied . 12 1 948 at April , , affidavit of bias and prej udice of defendants and ’ an d torney Martin Popper argued denied . Defendant s challenge to

and motion to dismiss jury panel , points and authorities in support of REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

motion and affidavit of counsel Ben Margolis filed , argued and denied . ’ C b Defendant s motions for transfer from District of olum ia , affidavit

and points and authorities in support of motion argued and denied . ’ 14 1948 r 1 5 1948 e n April , , jury swo n and trial begun . April , , d fenda t s

oral motion for j udgment of acquittal submitted and denied . Govern ’ 16 1 94 8 ment s oral motion to quash subpenas submitted . April , , trial ’ s i resumed , same jury . Defendant oral motion for judgment of acqu t 1 9 94 8 1 . tal denied by court . April , , trial resumed , same jury Verdict 23 1 948 of guilty as indicted . Defendant to remain on bond . April , ,

motion for new trial filed . Motion in arrest of judgment filed . Memo of points and authorities in support of motion for new trial and in 3 48 . 19 support of motion in arrest of #udgment filed May , , House i 2 8 1 1 4 2 5 4 52 538 54 542 l 9 1 9 8 . Ma 1 Resolutions , , , , fi ed as of April , y ,

1 94 8 . 1 , motion for new trial heard and denied Sentenced to year

in j ail and fined Allowed to remain on bond pending appeal .

Cou r t o A eals : 28 1 948 . 21 1 948 f pp July , , record filed August , , order ’ 30 1 948 a ellan t s extending time to September , , to file p brief and j oint ’ 30 1 948 . appendix and to October , , to file appellee s brief

r u r 4 1 94 8 S u eme o t : O 2 1 94 8 . p C ctober , , case filed October , , peti 4 8 1 9 8 . tion filed . November , , petition denied

EDWARD DM YT RYK

Con tem t o Con r ess : 24 1 947 E Dm tr k p f g November , dward y y cited

for contempt of Congress by the House of Representatives . Decem 5 1 947 Dm tr k ber , y y indicted by Federal grand jury for aforesaid

. 1 5 1 9 47 5 1 94 8 contempt charge December , , and January , , appeals for stay until start of individual trial denied by United States Dis

9 1 948 . trict . Judge David A Pine ; trial set for January , January ’ 9 194 8 ar r ai n ed s 1 5 , , g plea , not guilty , entered ; days asked in which 1 3 1 94 8 to file motions , etc . February , , motion to dismiss and for 1 6 1 948 change of venue , heard in part ; continued to February , .

1 6 1 948 . s February , , hearing on motion resumed Motion to dismis ’

. 1 1 1 948 and motion for change of venue denied May , , defendant s proposed stipulation for disposition of case filed and approved by sti u Judge Pine . Case continued for disposition pursuant to this p

1 8 1 9 48 . lation . May , , waived jury trial Agreed to submit written

presentation of case to court for decision . LEST ER COLE

o n t m t Con ress : 24 1 94 7 C e p of g November , , Lester Cole cited for con

. 5 1 947 tempt of Congress by the House of Representatives December ,

Cole indicted by Federal grand jury for aforesaid contempt charge . 1 5 1 947 a 5 1 94 8 December , , and J nuary , , appeals for stay until start

of individual trial denied by United States District Judge David A . ’

9 194 8 . u 9 1 94 8 arr ai n ed s Pine ; trial set for January , Jan ary , , g plea , 1 5 not guilty , entered ; days asked in which to file motions , etc . Feb r u ar 1 3 1 94 8 y , , motion to dismiss and for change of venue heard in

u 1 6 1 94 8 . 1 6 1 94 8 part ; continued to Febr ary , February , , hearing of

motion resumed . Motion to dismiss and motion for change of venue ’ Ma 1 1 1 948 a denied . y , , defend nt s proposed stipulation for disposi

RE PORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

LABOR UNIONS

6 o f - In line with point its eight point program , the committee held a number of hearings in February and July 1 947 dealing with Com mu n i s n e t pe tration of labor unions . These hearings furnished a wel - n come tribunal for loyal , American trade unio ists who , heretofore , had no other recou rse for the presentation of their grievances against — their self constituted Communist labor czars . The committee is rati fle d to note that these revelations were followed by an extensive ouse cleaning of Communists in many section s of the labor movements . The testimony dealing chiefly With the Allis - Ch almer s local of the E United Automobile Workers of America ; the United lectrical , Radio a a and Machine Workers of Americ ; and the Food , Tob cco and Agri o f CI O Si n ifican t cultural Workers , all the , brought out the following g omts e p r garding Communist activity in these organizations , and thus outlined for the benefit of American labor , the pattern of their activity in : . all labor unions 1 . That Commu nist strike strategy fluctuates in complete accord C ance with the current ommunist Party line , being prostrike during the Stalin - Hitler pact ( 19 3 9 antistrike while Russia was an ally 1 94 1 prostrike during the period following World War II 194 5 to date) . 2 C - . That ommunist unions infiltrated into atomic energy plants

and plants manufacturing strategic defense material . 3 . That Communist union officials used their posts for Communist

activity including distribution of Communist literature , promotion C - a and support of ommunist front organizations , and dissemin tion of a Communist prop ganda . b Com 4 . That fraud , coercion , and Violence are employed y the m n ists u to control elections , strike votes , and votes on matters of union

policy in general . who C v 5 . That workers oppose ommunist policy are ictimized through #ob discrimination and in many other ways open to powerful f union of icials . in stru 6 . That Communist union meetings are used as a pressure — ment in behalf of p r o - Commun ist and anti American reso lutions

especially in the field of foreign policy . u n 7 . That Communist ions are endeavoring to block our recovery

program . 8 . That Communist control of unions does not reflect the attitude of the vast maj ority of the union membership which is overwhelmingly n patriotic , but is the result of the machinations of a small , tightly k it ,

- self constituted minority .

LEGAL E SPIONAGE

O E u 29 1947 . . n January , Hon Karl M ndt informed the House of Representatives concerning an investigation made by the Committee # # on U h - American Activities into the extent of legal espionage by C fi o representatives of the Amtorg Trading orp , of cial S viet commer s cial organ ization . Disclosing that there were Ru sian agents

in the United States at the time , inspecting our defenses and assem

bling information about American railroads , dams , power plants , and

' airplane and automobile factories , he presented a volume published by REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

the Amtorg described by military intelligence officers as a veritable # # manual for bombing America .

Mr . Mundt described the contents of this publication as follows

In this volume are airplane views , which may be blown up to any size for

- military purposes , of the Pratt Whitney plant at West Concord , Con n , the K R R aiser shipping plant in California , the Ford plants at iver ouge and Willow

- l H . H . Run , and the amilton Standard Prope lor Co plant at artford , Conn E i very big br dge in the U nited States , including the Golden Gate and San - Oa B B Y Francisco kland ridges , and the George Washington ridge of New ork w City , has been photographed from every angle together ith complete informa

tion concerning its structure . Huge maps of the Tennessee Valley power plant are presented and members - O ak n will not need to be reminded that our atom bomb plant at Ridge , Ten ,

is not far distant from the TVA .

SOVIET E SPIONAGE WITHIN T H E UNITE D STATES GO E RNM ENT ’V The most startling disclosures ever confronted by the committee disclosures which should rock our national complacence to its f o u n da tions , have been those developed in connection with the testimony of ’ E e h C lizab th Terrill Bentley and W ittaker hambers , both confessed former members of Communist espionage rings , Operating within f r the Government of the United States . Here is revealed o the first a time the pattern of this espionage pparatus operating through small , ov conspirative groups of about five individuals , and consisting of G ern men t - i employees stationed in top fl ght posts . These groups some ’ i n t mes do not k ow of each other s existence . Their contact with the Soviet military intelligence is maintained through a single individual known only by an alias . They have no visible Communist Party ties ff l and disclaim membership or a i iation of any kind . According to the e e flo w testimony presented , thes agents maintain a st ady of secret an d confidential Government documents to Special couriers , which micr o filmed are quickly for transmission to Soviet intelligence officers , n after which the originals are returned to Gover ment files . These conspirators also seek to and indeed have influenced major decisions of Government policy . These activities are described more fully in the interim report on hearin gs regarding Communist espionage in the United States Gov e rn men t 28 1 94 8 dated August , , hearings regarding Communist es pion age in the United States Government dated July 21 throu gh Sep 9 1 94 8 tember , , and the committee report on Soviet espionage within the m 3 1 1 9 48 United States Govern ent , dated December , . It is not our purpose to recapitulate these reports here which go to the very roots of the Communist conspiracy , but we would like to call attention to the startling way in which the links in the network are closed by cor

roborative testimony from one witness after another , over a long a period of investig tion relentlessly pursued by our committee . Miss Bentley named the participating members of the two espion il age groups with which she had contact , namely , the S vermaster

group and the Perlo group . Members of these groups were examined by the committe e and some refused to answer all qu estions as to their participation and association with the Communist Party on the

- grounds of self incrimination . Miss Bentle y further testified that there were certain individuals employed in the Government who cooperated in obtaining information REPO RT OF COM M ITTEE ON [I N - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

from the files of the Government for the use of Russian agents but who were not actually attached to either the Silve rmaster or Perlo groups . O 3 n August , the committee heard. the testimony of Whittaker

Chambers . He testified regarding an underground apparatus which was set up by the Communist Party in the early thirties for the purpose of infiltrating the Federal Government . The members of this group ,

- - . n ar e . according to Mr Chambers , were k own as the VV Abt Witt group The inadequacy of our present legislative and prosecuting ma chinery is alarmi n gly demonstrated by the fact that not one of these individuals has been prosecuted to date on these grave charges , with the single notable exception of Alger Hiss , indicted for perj ury two 1 5 on counts by a New York Federal grand jury on December ,

1 94 8 .

. . P A K A . P A # A A J V ETERS , LSO NOWN S J ETERS , LE NDER GOLDBERGER, IS DOR B OORST E I N E AP P E E M E AL # , STEV L IN , ROBERTS , ETE ST VENS , ST VE ILL R , E ANDER STE VENS

3 1 94 8 # On August , , Whittaker Chambers described J . Peters as the C # head, of the whole underground United States ommunist Party , a former member of the Soviet Government of Hungary . 1 940 h - re In , the Special Committee on U American Activities printed in its appendix I , a considerable part of the pamphlet , The — A O Communist Party Manual on rganization , by J . Peters , published 1 9 3 5 in , in which Jack Stachel , whose role in the network will be ‘ # ao described later , describes the author as one who is thoroughly # qu ain ted with the fundamental principles of Leninist organization # with a wide and varied experience in organizational wo rks o ver a # period of many years .

The files of the committee Show that J . Peters was a frequent con tributor to a secret, internal organ of the Communist Party , U . S n iz er 1 9 3 1 1 9 33 known as the Party Or , in June , September , July 9 4 1 9 V 7 1 3 3 . , and February Our files further Show that on March 2 1 7 1 9 3 . and , J Peters filled out credentials in Moscow in behalf of # Andrew Smith , in which Peters signed himself as Acting Representa # # P E . E A C . . . C U S . . tive ( ommunist Party , U S C C I ( xecutive C Committee of the ommunist International) . He was an instructor at Krumbein Training School for Communist 9 6 leaders in 1 3 . 3 1 942 Testimony further showed that on May , , Alexander Stevens, alias J . Peters , Visited Los Angeles where he met with Herbert Biber e man , John Howard Lawson , and L ster Cole , who are all cited as Com

- mu n ists Operating in the motion picture industry . He was in contact B r an sten and received funds from Louise , mentioned in the hearings o n atomic S spionage . den z 22 1 94 6 . Bu On November , , Louis F , former managing editor r U n - of the Daily Worker , testified befo e the Committee on American # Activities that J . V . Peters , alias Jack Roberts introduced me to the # com idea of the conspiratorial apparatus of the Communist Party , p aring the party to a submerged submarine with its main apparatus beneath the surface . Alexander Stevens was summoned to appear before the committee 30 1 94 8 on August , , at which time he refused to answer any questions REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AME RICAN ACTIVITIES

regarding the foregoing on the gr ound that his answer might tend to .

incriminate or degr ade him . He is now the sub#ect of deportation

charges by the Immigration and Naturalization Ser vice .

A G O A K A AC A J COB N . OL S , LSO NOWN S J OB R ISIN

O 3 1 1 94 8 E . e n July , , lizabeth T Bentley testifi d that , Jacob Golos had asked her to take charge of contacting members of the Communist

espionage apparatus within the United States Government . 1 7 1 9 35 s On July , Jacob Golos and the manager of World Tourist ,

to . Inc . , a Soviet travel agency , wrote Intourist , Inc , Paris , France , urging the best accommodations and the best attention for Samuel

Li tz in E i . p , the name under which Gerhart isler traveled at the t me B den z 6 1 94 7 . u O n February , , Louis F testified before our com # mittee that the late Jacob Golos introduced me to the Soviet police , # with whom I worked for 3 years .

LEGISLATION C onfronted as we are with a problem entirely new in our history , it is fully understandable that little attention has been paid in the past to the difficult task of drafting legislation to curb the activities of the m m n Com unist fifth colu . How to check the machinations of a con spir acy inspired and directed by a foreign power and involving many - i thousands of individuals including some native born Americans , w th out at the same time infringing upon the rights guaranteed by the h Constitution , is a task which our forefathers could scarcely have e 1 0 visaged over 5 years ago . It is a task which will tax the genius of d i our most brilliant legal min s in the years ahead . Upon ts successful

solution may well depend our preservation as a democratic nation . The committee has done pioneer service in breaking the ground in E this field . ndeavoring to approach the problem from the broadest m 1 94 7 possible angle , the com ittee in March heard the views of such l Co . distinguished public figures as John Thomas Taylor , director , e national legislative committee of the American L gion ; James F . ’ O N eil l , vice chairman of the nationa Americanism commission of the Am erican Legion ; William Green , president of the American Federa ll e tion of Labor ; A en P . Solada , national ex cutive director of the AM E T E V S . . ; Dr merson P Schmidt , representing the United States m m Chamber of Co erce ; Hon . Jack B . Tenney, chairman of the Cali f orn ia Joint Fact Finding Committee on U n - American Activities ; l Mrs . Julius Y. Ta madge , president general of the Daughters of the m E . e A erican Revolution ; Louis Starr , commander in chief , V terans E of Foreign Wars ; ric Johnston , president , Motion Picture Associ a Am tion of erica ; Hon . Kim Sigler , former Governor of Michigan ;

. E Hon George arle , former Governor of Pennsylvania ; Hon . Gordon D . Mc on o u h L g , Member of Congress from California ; Hon . William

. m C Bullitt , former American A bassador to the Soviet Union and E France ; J . dgar Hoover , Director of the Federal Bureau of Investi i at on . 84 g ; and Walter S Steele , representing patriotic organizations . m The co mittee also heard the views of the Communist Party , U . S . A. , its E through official representatives , ugene Dennis , general secretary, k m B and Norman Schran , secretary of the Com unist Party of rooklyn ,

. . 4 0 0 N Y Approximately p ages of testimony was presented . In few general the opinion of these spokesmen with exceptions was , at REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

o u tl w that time , against legislation to a the Communist Party of the U nited States , at the same time recommending decisive measures to m curb its activities . These Views were perhaps be st su marized by

Mr . Hoover when he declared :

I have always felt that the greatest contribution this cOmmittee can make is i — the public d sclosure of the forces that menace America Communist and F ascist . That is why the venom of the American Communist and the now defunct German - American B und has been directed at this committee as it has also been B directed at the Federal ureau of Investigation . This committee renders a dis tinct service when it publicly reveals the diabolic machinations of sinister figures ~ n engaged in u n Ame rica activities . He added I do favor unrelenting prosecution wherever they are found to be violating our ’ cou ntry s laws .

u 1 94 8 Pursuing the inquiry still further , the committee in Febr ary

H o n . C. e heard the views of Tom Clark , Attorney General of the Unit d Am n as States , and such outstanding representatives of the erica bar

Robert R . Milam and Walter M . Bastian of the American Bar Associa tion ; Donald R . Richberg ; Louis Waldman ; Samuel N . Birnbaum , de artmen t N ew p j udge advocate of the American Legion , Department of

C . n E . . . C York ; Ke neth D Parkinson , dmond D ampbell , Dr harles S E M N il . c e ] C Collier , and George of the District of olumbia Bar Associ ation ; Arthur Garfield Hays of the American Civil Liberties Union ; ’ Selma B o-rchar dt of the Women s Bar Association o f the District o f

r . Columbia ; Adolf A . Berle , J , former Assistant Secretary of State ;

E n s . . e Morris L . r t ; Dr Robert A Maurer , professor , Georg town Uni E Law . . versity School ; Dr William Y lliott , professor of government , a o l the H rvard University ; John F ster Dul es , American delegate to n United Natio s ; Thomas Reed Powell , professor , Harvard University n m ef Law School ; Robert B . Gasto ; Robert E m et H fernan of George town University ; and Felix B . Cohen of the Institute of Living Law .

Heard also were such eminent public figures as Hon . Gordon L . D Mc o n ou h C . E . g , Member of Congress , alifornia ; Hon Karl Mundt ,

A. Member of Congress , South Dakota ; Hon . George Dondero ; Mem n C E . a . o f ber of Congress , Michiga ; Hon Wallace h dwick , Member n c Congress , Pe nsylvania ; James Truslow Adams , historian ; Feren

n Ch . Nagy , former Premier of Hu gary ; arles S Sullivan , chairman , committee on u h - American activiti es of the Veterans of Foreig n Wars ; AMVE T E C . C S dgar orry , national commander, ; Raymond Moley ,

. r editor , Newsweek ; George M Dimitrov , former Agrarian Party leade O f l u a the Bu garian Parliament ; James B rnh m , philosopher and l E n . writer ; and uge e Lyons , author It a so received a presentation of A C . . . the official views of the ommunist Party , U S , from Benj amin J . a Davis , a member of its national executive bo rd . The 50 0 pages o f testimony taken durin g these hearings on legisla tion to define communism and to make the practice of communism a treasonable act in the United States contain matter of priceless ex lo r ative p value , which has never been previously compiled in one o n O f v lume , for the guida ce those engaged in the field of legislatio n against subversive activity . O 2 1 9 4 8 the U h - n May , , Committee on American Activities unani m u l 852 o s . 5 y approved H R . , incorporating the views arrived at after u more than a year of exha stive hearings , investigation , and study . This bill is aimed primarily at cutting the connection of the Ameri REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

’ c an Communist Party with the Soviet Union and bringing the party s

activities out into the open . The bill provides heavy penalties for anyone attempting to establish in this country a totalitarian dictator ship dominated by a foreign govern ment ; it requires Communists and Communist - front organizations to register with the Attorney General and to label their propaganda for what it is ; it forbids employ ment in the Federal Government and the granting of passports to

Communists . 1 58 2 - 4 . O 1 9 9 8 . 5 n May , , the House passed H R by a roll call vote of 1 9 58 3 to . The S enate Judiciary Committee held extended hearings on the measure and has formulated certain amendments . It is our firm con viction that the incoming Congress will place high on its order of busi n ess the adoption of legislation along the lines we have worked out .

ATOM I C E NERGY

It will be recalled that point 4 of our e ight —point program dealt with the field of atomic energy . Pursuing this line of investigation , the

E . committee took up the case of dward U Condon , Director of the Bureau of Standards and scientific adviser to the Special Committee ’ E n on Atomic nergy . Dr . Condon s case was the subj ect of a investi gation by the Special Subcommittee on National Security of the Com mittee U h - on American Activities , based largely upon a confidential E I h letter from J . dgar Hoover , Director of the Federal Bureau of i n v esti at o . C g , to W Averill Harriman , Secretary of ommerce , and

1 5 1 9 47 . O 22 1 9 48 dated May , n April , the House of Representatives 2 522 by a vote of 30 1 to 9 on House Resolution directed Mr . Harriman C t o transmit forthwith the full text of this lette r . ompliance with

t E . his request was prevented , however , by an xecutive order The entire case was made the subj ect of a report to the full Committee on U n - American Activities by the Special Subcommittee on National

. Security . No final disposition of the case was made by the full com i m ttee .

O 9 1 94 8 C . n September , , the committee heard larence F Hiskey , a

chemist , formerly engaged in highly secret research work on atomic

energy at the SAM Laboratory at Columbia University , and at the fi metallurgical laboratory of the University of Chicago . An of cial m 5 1 94 5 ilitary intelligence report dated June , , contained a long record of Con n n u n ist affiliations and statements on the part of both

Hiskey and his wife . Our investigations disclosed that Hiskey had

contacted and given information to Arthur Adams , a man with a long

record as a Soviet espionage agent . In 1 944 Government agents searched Adams’ room and found highly secret information regarding the atomic bomb plant at Oak Ridge as well as other vital information

regarding the development of atomic energy . On a number of occa sions he was in contact with representatives of the Soviet consulate

in New York . ’ It was further disclosed that Mr . Adams activities had been aided e E and abetted by Samuel Novick , pr sident of the lectronics Corp . of m America , a firm engaged in manufacturing highly secret ilitary equipment during the last war and a supporter of a number of Com m n i s u st . venture ; Samuel J Wegman of Hollywood , now deceased ;

Julius Heiman , a New York businessman who has rendered conspira REPORT OF COM I VI I T T E E ON UN - AM E RICAN ACTIVITIES

tive aid to the Communist movement for many years ; Victoria Stone , E associated with Heiman ; ric Bernay , a manufacturer of phonograph records and at that time a member of the Communist Party ; and Dr . H ’ o eiman s . L uis Miller , physician Hiskey refused to answer questions on any of the above matters on

the ground that his answers might tend to incriminate or degrade him . It was further established that Hiskey had utilized the services of e John Hitchcock Chapin , a chemist , also conn cted with the C Laboratories in New York and the metallurgical laboratory in hicago , C was for the purpose of communicating with Arthur Adams . hapin

a fully cooperative witness . N emar o sh E Steve , alias Louis vans , alias Steve Nelson , former com missar in the Communist inspired Abraham Lincoln Brigade in Spain ;

. 19 36 a section organized for the Communist Party in Luzerne, Pa in , its candidate for the Pennsylvania State Legislature ; and a member

1 9 39 1 942 1 944 was . of its national committee in , , and , also involved 9 4 He was stationed in Moscow in 1 3 . t Nelson had received a complicated , scientific formula from a scientis # whom we must refer to as Scientist , engaged in work connected with

the atomic bomb at the University of California radiation laboratories .

He had thereupon contacted Peter Ivanov , Soviet vice consul at San Francisco and also Vassili Zu bilin of the Soviet E mbassy from whom

he received 1 0 bills of unknown denomination . When Nelson testified 14 1 94 8 on September , , he refused to answer all pertinent questions on h a t e ground th t his answers might tend to incriminate him . The com mittee recommended his immediate prosecution under section 2 of the

E 1 9 17 C . spionage Act of , as well as for contempt of ongress In view f t of a conflict in testimony , urther investigation in the case of Scientis # f was recommended to the o fice of the Attorney General .

Martin David Kamen , staff chemist for the radiation laboratories C 1 944 n at the University of alifornia , assigned in to an importa t ’ proj ect at the Manhattan engineering district s atomic bomb proj ect , Kheifets met Gregory , Soviet vice consul in San Francisco , and his Kas e ro v 1 1 944 successor , Gregory p , on July , , which meeting took place in a San Francisco restaurant and w as observed by various in telli en ce f ffi g o ficers . It was alleged by the intelligence o cers that Kamen had divulged classified information to the Soviet officials dur

ing the course of the meeting . AS a result of the information supplied f ffi by the intelligence o ficers to o cials of the Manhattan proj ect , Kamen

- was dismissed from employment on the atomic bomb proj ect . Based o in upon the evidence presented to the committee , the c mmittee is clin ed to believe that Kamen committed a serious act of indiscretion

rather than an act of espionage . The Kamen matter is being included

in this report because of the involvement of a Soviet official , Gregory Kheifets e , with persons known to be ngaged in espionage on behalf the n of Soviet Governme t . It should also be recalled that in October 1 947 testimony before the Committee on U h - American Activities disclosed that Peter Ivanov E lten to n was in contact with George Charles , who in turn persu aded C n C Haakon hevalier of the U iversity of hicago to approach J . Robert O - ppenheimer , director of the atomic bomb proj ect , for information n to be furnished to our Russian ally . Professor Oppe heimer refused

. B r an sten to accede , considering such an act as treasonable Louise ,

REPORT OF COMM ITTEE ON [I N - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

tive aid to the Communist movement for many years ; Victoria Stone , E h associated with Heiman ; ric Bernay , a manufacturer of phonograp records and at that time a member of the Communist Party ; and Dr . ’ H im n e a s . Louis Miller , physician Hiskey refused to answer questions on any of the above matters on the ground that his answers might tend to incriminate or degrade him . It was further established that Hiskey had utilized the services of m e SAM John Hitchcock Chapin , a che ist , also conn cted with the C Laboratories in N ew York and the metallurgical laboratory in hicago , C was for the purpose of communicating with Arthur Adams . hapin f u a lly cooperative witness . N emaro sh E com Steve , alias Louis vans , alias Steve Nelson , former missar in the Communist inspired Abraham Lincoln Brigade in Spain ; 1 936 a section organized for the Communist Party in Luzerne , Pa . in , its candidate for the Pennsylvania State Legislature ; and a member

1 9 39 1 942 1 944 . of its national committee in , , and , was also involved 4 He was stationed in Moscow in 1 9 3 .

Nelson had received a complicated , scientific formula from a scientist # whom we must refer to as Scientist , engaged in work connected with

the atomic bomb at the University of California radiation laboratories .

He had thereupon contacted Peter Ivanov , Soviet vice consul at San Francisco and also Vassili Zu bilin of the Soviet E mbassy from whom

he received 1 0 bills of unknown denomination . When Nelson testified 1 4 1 94 8 on September , , he refused to answer all pertinent questions on

the ground that his answers might tend to incriminate him . The com mittee recommended his immediate prosecution under section 2 of the

E spionage Act of 1 9 17 as well as for conte mpt of Congress . In view t of a conflict in testimony , further investigation in the case of Scientis

# was recommended to the office of the Attorney General . f Martin David Kamen , staf chemist for the radiation laboratories 1 944 o at the University of California , assigned in to an imp rtant ’ proj ect at the Manhattan engineering district s atomic bomb proj ect , Kh eifets met Gregory , Soviet vice consul in San Francisco , and his Kas erov 1 1 944 successor , Gregory p , on July , , which meeting took place in a San Francisco restau r ant and was observed by various in telli en ce fi g officers . It was alleged by the intelligence of cers that Kamen had divulged classified information to the Soviet officials dur

ing the course of the meeting . As a result of the information supplied ffi ff by the intelligence o cers to o icials of the Manhattan proj ect , Kamen

- was dismissed from employment on the atomic bomb proj ect . Based in upon the evidence presented to the committee , the committee is clin ed to believe that Kamen committed a serious act of indiscretion n rather than a act of espionage . The Kamen matter is being included n f in this report because of the involveme t of a Soviet of icial , Gregory Kheifets n e , with persons k own to be ngaged in espionage on behalf n of the Soviet Governme t . It should also be recalled that in October 1 947 testimony before the Committee on U h - American Activities disclosed that Peter Ivanov n C E lten to n was in co tact with George harles , who in turn persuaded C n C Haakon hevalier of the U iversity of hicago to approach J . Robert O - ppenheimer , director of the atomic bomb project, for information to O to be furnished our Russian ally . Professor ppenheimer refused

. B r an sten to accede , considering such an act as treasonable Louise , REPORT OF COMM ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

'

mentioned above in connection with J. Peters , was in turn in close u association with Steve Nelson , concerning which she ref sed to answer

on the ground that it might incriminate her . She was also in touch C C E lten ton with Peter Ivanov, Haakon hevalier , George harles , and eifets m Gregory Kh , showing the close interrelation of this Com unist

cli u e . I n its report on espionage activities in connection with the atom 28 1 94 8 o bomb , dated September , , the committee urged the ab lition of the Presidential directive closing executive files to Congress in order

that the full story of the Soviet espionage in this field might be told . Here it must be pointed out again that not a single member of this con

spirato rial group has been the subject of prosecution .

FI L E S or T H E COM M IT TE E

The files of the Comm ittee on U n - American Activities constitute a vast and unexcelled storehouse of information concerning subversive ’ individuals and organizations in the United States . The committee s collection of information covers 1 0 years of diligent investigation

and inquiry into subversive activities . Numerous witnesses have testified in public and executive hearings before the committee and submitted evidence in support of that testi

mony . In the course of its widespread investigations , the committee has amassed records of individuals , histories of organizations , reports, pamphlets , periodicals , photostats , photographs , documents , and n ob books . Its files include information and docume tary material tain ed ff from regional o ices which were maintained in Chicago , Los

Angeles , and New York , records turned over to the committee by other

- agencies , and information compiled by law enforcement agencies in many States . The volume of this valuable collection of basic informational material c overing u n - Ameri can activities can be measured by the 20 0 fact that it would fill file cabinets . It is one of the most voluminous collections of its kind in existence . 1 0 - e During the year life of the committee , more than witness s c have testified in public and exe utive hearings before its members . The testimony of individuals in public hearings and evidence sub mitted 29 by them fill large volumes with a total of pages . The committee has issued 6 0 reports and pamphlets since it began its in u ir ies 1 9 3 8 - q in with an investigation of the German American Bund . s Its investigations have covered Nazi and Fascist leaders , activitie and organizations in the United States , subversive activities of Japa nese individuals and groups , Communist leaders and movements , the C m nature and aims of the ommunist Party , and Communist and Co mu n ist- front activities in all phases of American life . During its ex hau stive studies and investigations , the committee has acquired thousands of irreplaceable d ocuments and records which have been carefully cataloged and filed . About one - fourth of the testimony of witnesses before the committee and a corresponding amount of file material concern the subversive a ctivities of Nazis , Fascists , and Japanese in this country . The study 1 93 8 to c of communism , begun in , has led an unequaled colle tion of n C material coveri g ommunist Party organization here and abroad , REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON TI N - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

its finances , publications , educational activities , its work among mi

n o r ity groups and organizations . The vast reference collection of the committee is in constant use a by committee members and staff employees . Information is also m de b availa le to individual Members of Congress, other congressional

committees , and various agencies in the executive branch of the Fed 20 1 94 6 2 1 9 48 eral Government . From June , , to December 2 , , reports on individuals and organizations were compiled by staff r e members at the request of Members of Congress . These written o c u ports cover all inf rmation found in files , re ords , and p blications n of the committee concerning the individual or orga ization . The files of the committee have been open to accredited agents of the executive departments and have been widely used in security E O 9 83 5 21 1 9 47 checks . In Presidential xecutive rder , dated March , , which prescribes procedures for administration of the loyalty pro C n - gram for Federal employees , the files of the ommittee on U Ameri can Activities are listed as one of the pertinent sources of information to be checked in determining the loyalty of employees and applicants

for employment . They have been widely used for this purpose . Indexes to public hearings and committee publications c ontain

references to individuals and references to organizations . These indexes and the committee ’ s card files are consulted daily by authorized personnel from numerous Government agencies in con i - n ect o n with loyalty or security investigations . During the period 22 1 947 c 21 1 9 4 8 January , , to De ember , , accredited representatives of Government agencies made visits to the committee file room to a 2 secure information . The length of such visits v ried from 0 or 30

minutes to an entire day , during which time files were checked for 3 20 0 available information concerning to or more individuals . Visitors during this period were representatives of the following : a t C agencies Feder l Bureau of Inves igation , ivil Service Commission , C State Department , Treasury Department , United States oast Guard , e United States Secret Service , War Departm nt , United States Air C n Force , entral Intelligence Agency , Navy Departme t , Labor De ar tmen t C a n E # p , Federal ommunic tions Commissio , Securities and C C change ommission , ommerce Department , Agriculture Depart E C ment , conomic ooperation Administration , National Labor Rela C C i tions Board , Federal Power ommission , iv l Aeronautics Board , s a War As ets Administration , and Metropolit n Police Department . Material relating to individuals an d organization s has been so care fully indexed that Government agents may make their own checks of

committee publications and card files . Numerous question s arise as to an d aff the source of information found , however, st members are con stan tl s y available to furni h reference material and answer inquiries . O n an average , each person who consults the files makes two requests n for assista ce . Government investigators have made constant use of the consoli

dated card records , a collection of card references to activities ff E and a iliations of individuals . ight cabinets are devoted to these

references which are an index to source material in committee files .

In addition to the consolidated card records , which contain refer en ces to thousands of individuals , files are maintained on the activities

of some persons . Five cabinets are devoted to information con REPORT OF COMM ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

cerning these individuals , many of whom are top leaders in subversive groups or prominent fellow travelers of the Communist Party . These collections are a v aluable guide to the activities of various subversive

s. groups as well as individual 0 The committee has compiled fists of Signers of Commun ist Party 20 sho wm election petitions for various years in States , g Signa s t tures . These list have been obtained from original pe itions or photo e static copies of original petitions . The committe has published printed lists of signers of election petitions of the Com munist Party : n C for 1 9 4 0 in the following States Arizo a , alifornia , Connecticut ,

Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky , Maryland , Michigan , New Hamp , , , O s N N , i , , , hire , ew Jersey , ew York hio , Pennsylvan a Rhode Island Utah -n V V Wisco sm. ermont, West irginia , and The committee has also indexed the following Communist Party 1 932 1 9 3 4 1 9 3 6 1 93 8 1 942 election petitions : California , , , , and ; peti C Con tions in Colorado and New York ; 1 94 6 petitions in olorado , 1 9 36 1 9 39 n ecticu t N , , Michigan , and Pennsylvania ; ew York City , ,

940 1 9 4 5 1 94 1 1 9 4 6 . 1 , and ; Philadelphia , and O n f the sig atures , some have been indexed and pri nted by the committee . The remaining signatures have been indexed and filed in the consolidated card record file . This large completely indexed collection has been a helpful guide in the study of Communist activity in these States and serves as a valuable and readily accessible reference collection for investigators from Government agencies . In 1 94 8 Government agencies made 80 requests for photostatic copies a C of sign tures to ommunist Party election petitions , and other exhibit material in committee files , with the num er of pages of photostats 3 6 50 1 . in such requests ranging from to During the year , requests were also made by various agencies for the use of material in file on a loan basis for photostating . Since su bversive forces try to infiltrate other organizations while working through their own , the committee has acquired a vast store of information concerning thousands of organizations in the United

States . Its scope can be illustrated by the fact that files contain information concerning 3 80 organizations with names beginning with # # the letter A . Organization material in file is composed chiefly of material issued : by the organizations themselves Letterheads , statements of purpose an an and policy , reports on proceedings , press releases d literature , n ou n cemen ts — of activities , news clippings material from which the nature of the organization may be determined . 1 0 i During the past years , the comm ttee has acquired pam hl n p ets . Most of these have bee written by leaders prominent in

subversive movements or issued by subversive organizations . This huge collection contains numerous Fascist and Nazi pamphlets and h hundreds of publications of the Communist Party . T e collection ranges from subtle to open propaganda , through story , song , and verse , f and reflects the constant ef ort of subversive groups to incite hatred , . m capitalize on prejudice , en esh the unsuspecting , and divide the Amer

ican people on national and international issues . Some issues of 644 periodicals serve as valuable sources of

information . These periodicals reveal the motives and policies of n hu dreds of subversive groups and the activities of their leaders . The REPORT OF COM M ITTEE ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

1 923 a collection , dating back to , contains irreplace ble copies of publica

s z . s cations issued by Japanese , Fa cist , and Na i groups It include o - publications of labor unions , religi us and racial groups , anti Fascist,

- — n . anti Nazi , and anti Commu ist publications Ninety of the periodicals in the dollection are publications of the e Communist Party or its front organizations . The comprehensiv com current file includes all maj or Communist publications . The it c m m tee has a quired copies of the Co munist newspaper , the Daily

1 924 . C Worker, dating back to Its file of the ommunist weekly , New an d Masses (now merged with Mainstream into a monthly , Masses 2 1 9 7. Mainstream) , dates from September

Through this collection of daily , weekly , monthly , and quarterly m publications of the Com unist Party covering a quarter of a century , the Communist enterprises in the United States and the devious party line may be traced . The committee has in file hundr eds of reports compiled by staff o 1 93 9 investigators . These rep rts , dating from and paralleling com mittee investigations , cover a wide range of subj ects and contain refer en ces to thousands of subversive individu als . The card index shows that reports of investigators contain references to organiza m as tions . Many contain docu entary evidence which is useful exhibit material . The committee has collected numerous books dealing with su bver sive activities in the United States for use as reference material , copies of hearings held by other groups investigating subversive activities , and necessary general reference books . E ach day brings a huge amoun t of valuable new material to com mittee : files News clippings pamphlets , and literature of subversive organizations , reports of Communist activities here and in foreign a to m T i countries , and m terial pertinent the work of the com ittee . h s is material classified , indexed , and added to the growing sp ecialized collection . This ever - expandin g storehouse of information has been a valuable tool in exposing enemy agents , alien subversives , those who promote u n -American ideologies— those who seek to destroy our Government is by force and violence . It a valuable tool in furnishing in for mation to the American people about such individuals and the organ i zation s they create— information which the American people demand - in self defense . CONCLUSION

3 1 94 0 C In its annual report of January , , the Special ommittee on U n - American Activities characterized the Communist Party of the United States not as a true political party but as a conspiracy in behalf of the Soviet Union . Our investigations and hearings during the past 2 years have borne out this conclusion in the most startling fashion . The evidence n o w before us establishes beyond a doubt that espionage h and treasonable activity against these United States is , in fact , t e primary purpose of the organization . We are convinced that all other C outward activity and propaganda of the ommunist Party , its front to organizations and controlled unions , serve merely E 1 . nlist new recruits for the primary , underground, espionage

apparatus . REPORT OF COMI VI I T T E E ON UN - AM ERICAN ACTIVITIES

e r 2. L nd an idealistic camouflage to this sinister , conspirato ial

apparatus .

as . 3 . Act its protective defense mechanism

4 e . . Provide it with funds and other resourc s The enacting of legislation adequate to cope with this problem is a

task confronting the incoming Congress . We recommend the early passage of legislation modeled su b stan iall so — - t y after the called Mundt Nixon bill , which passed the House - 9 last year by a roll call vote of 3 1 to 56 .

In addition , we recommend that the espionage laws of the United States be substantially strengthened by early laws of the new Con

gress , with special attention to means for returning aliens to other

countries upon conviction for crimes against the United States . We also recommend that the penalties for those properly cited for con t empt of Congress be increased to a minimum of 5 years in prison and

a fine . We further suggest that our immigration laws and passport - visa regulations be carefully studied to determine what changes are n eces s ary to prevent disloyal elements from entering this country and r e

maining here . C Finally , we recommend that the new ongress appropriate adequate funds for expanding the staff for the House Committee on U n - Ameri c an Activities so it can step up its action in disclosing the identity and functions of u n - American elements both in and out of public office in t his coun try .