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Gomphrena Globosa) Flower Extract Against Growth of Propionibacterium Acnes Bacteria

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Gomphrena Globosa) Flower Extract Against Growth of Propionibacterium Acnes Bacteria Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, September 2020, Hal. 115-120 ISSN 2549-2721 (Print), ISSN 2549-2748 (Online) 115 EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBACTERIAL EXTRACT OF KENOP (GOMPHRENA GLOBOSA) FLOWER EXTRACT AGAINST GROWTH OF PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES BACTERIA Elvina Veronica1, Sang Ayu Arta Suyantari1, Widia Danis Swari1,Ni Made Ari Purwaningrum1, Agung Bagus Sista Satyarsa1, I Made Jawi2, Prima S. Sudarsa3 1Bachelor of Medicine and Professional Study Program, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia 2 Pharmacology Department, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia 3Dermatology and Venerology Derpartement, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia ABSTRACT Article History Abstract: Submitted:01/05/2020 Acne is a chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous tissue caused by the Accepted:02/082020 bacterium Propionibacterium acne (P.acnes) which often experiences antibiotic Published:01/09/2020 resistance. Research on the benefits of herbal plants in dealing with acne is still needed, one of which is the use of Knobs flowers (Gomphrena globosa) which is Keyword: easily found and has potential as an antioxidant and antibacterial. This study aims Acne, to determine the effectiveness of the extract of the flower knob in inhibiting the Antibacterial, growth of P.acnes bacteria. The design of this study was purely experimental with Kenop Flower the Kirby-Bauer method using MHA (Mueller Hinton Agar) media. A positive (Gomphrena globosa) control using clindamycin antibiotics and negative control using aquadest. The treatment group consisted of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% knob methanol extract with 3 replications. Data analysis using One Way ANOVA to find out the average difference between treatment groups. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the higher the concentration of the extract, the greater the inhibitory power as long as the extract had not reached saturated concentration (p <0.05). There is a decrease in the inhibition zone diameter at 100% concentration because it is influenced by the diffusion rate of a compound and other factors. Abstrak: Jerawat merupakan inflamasi kronik pada jaringan pilosebaceous yang disebabkan bakteri Propiobacterium acnes (P.acnes) yang sering mengalami resistensi antibotik. Penelitian terhadap manfaat tanaman herbal dalam menangani jerawat masih diperlukan, Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa) yang mudah ditemui dan memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak bunga kenop (Gomphrena globosa) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri P.acnes. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan metode Kirby-Bauer yang menggunakan media MHA (Mueller Hinton Agar). Kontrol positif menggunakan antibiotik klindamisin dan kontrol negatif menggunakan aquadest. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari ekstrak methanol bunga kenop 25%, 50%, 75% dan 100% dengan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis data dengan One Way ANOVA untuk mengetahui beda rerata antara kelompok perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak maka daya hambatnya semakin besar selama ekstrak belum mencapai konsentrasi jenuh (p<0,05). Terdapat penurunan diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi 100% karena dipengaruhi kecepatan difusi suatu senyawa dan faktor lainnya. Corresponding Author: How to Cite: Elvina Veronica, E.Veronica, S.A.A Suyantari, W.D. Swari, N.M.A. Bachelor of Medicine and Professional Study Program, Purwaningrum, A.B.S. Satyarsa, I.M. Jawi, and. P.S Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia, Sudarsa, “Effectiveness Of Antibacterial Extract Of Email: [email protected] Kenop (Gomphrena Globosa) Flower Extract Against Growth Of Propionibacterium Acnes Bacteria,” Indones. J. Heal. Sci., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 115-120, 2020. journal.umpo.ac.id/index.php/IJHS Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences Vol.4, No.2, September 2020, Hal. 115-120 INTRODUCTION Acne (Acne vulgaris) is a chronic There are 30,000 species of medicinal inflammation of the pilosebaceous tissue plants in Indonesia, and Indonesian citizens caused by Propionibacterium acnes use only 1,200 species [7]. One of the (P.acnes) bacteria which is characterized medicinal plants that are often used is the by the appearance of blackheads, pustules, kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa). The lesions, papules, and nodules measuring 1- Kenop flower has a length of 10-15 cm and 5 mm [1]. The incidence for acne were is commonly used as ornamental plants and 26% in women, 12% of men with aged 40 in Bali traditional ceremonies. Kenop years old, and 20% of adolescents [2]. Base flower (Gomphrena globosa) in the basic on the literature, approximately 81% contains such as carbohydrates, antifungal, people with acne are influenced by genetic glycosides, phenols, koumarins, steroids, factors, and the rest is influenced by anthraquinones compounds, color pigments external factors such as air pollution, race, betacyanin, anti-cancer, analgesics, excessive fatty food, etc. It also easily gomphrenin III which are anti- appears on oily facial skin and during pre- inflammatory and antioxidant substances menstruation on for women due to [7], [8]. According to Kusmiati research in hormonal influences. Acne often affects 2017, Kenop flower extract (Gomphrena areas of the face so that it interferes with globosa) contains antibacterial substances daily activities, cause lack of confidences that can inhibit the growth of the and 30% -50% of psychiatric disorders [3]. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, The pathogenesis of rupture, consists Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, of follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, and Salmonella typhi bacteria [8]. excessive sebum production, and the Antioxidants in Gomphrena globosa appearance of P.acnes bacteria. Propioni- flowers such as tannins, flavonoids, bacterium acnes produces extracellular saponins, quinones, and alkaloids block the lipase, which replaces inflammation in the mechanism of metabolism and interfere skin and overcomes acne [4]. The wall of with the permeability of bacterial cells so the P.acnes bacteria consists of antigens that they inhibit bacterial growth. that stimulate antibody formation. Anti- Furthermore, the research for effectiveness Propionibacterium anti-bodies increase the from Kenop flower against P.acnes bacteria proinflammation cascade. This bacteria not already yet. Therefore, we conducted a stimulates cytokine binding that binds to study to find out the effect of kenop extract Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR-2) on on the inhibitory growth of P.acnes monocytes and poly-morphonuclear cells in bacteria. the sebaceous follicle region, instead, using pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, RESEARCH METHOD IL-8, IL-12, and TNF -α [3]–[5]. This research is an experimental Pharmacotherapy for P.acnes bacteria study carried out at the Microbiology is often used is benzoyl peroxide, Laboratory of Udayana University from antibiotics, or retinoids, but retinoid often July to September 2019. The study has cause side effects such as erythema, received an ethical eligibility permit from itching, rashes, even pseudomembranous the Research Ethics Commission (KEP) of colitis and also experience resistance such the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana as metronidazole and phosphomimic University, with letter number 1825 / groups [6]. Clindamycin drug could be UN14.2.2.VII.14 / LP / 2019. The using against P.acnes. In addition, independent variable in the study was the clindamycin was use as positive control methanol extract of kenop flower that effective to inhibit the growth of (Gomphrena globosa), which was tested on P.acnes bacteria. P.acnes bacteria. The dependent variable is 116 Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences Vol.4, No.2, September 2020, Hal. 115-120 the diameter of the inhibitory zone in kenop (Gomphrena globosa) flower P.acnes bacteria. Controlled variables were simplicial, around 2 grams of a thick temperature and incubation time, that was extract of the kenop (Gomphrena globosa) repeated three times to ensure validity. was obtained.The test solution consists of 4 There were five samples in one experiment, groups, namely group 1 methanol extract the concentration for samples are from concentration of 100% methanol kenop Kenop flower extract such as, 25%, 50%, (Gomphrena globosa) flower, group 2 with 75%, 100%, and also clindamycin for 75% concentration, group 3 with 50% positive control. concentration, and the last group Primary data obtained from the concentration was 25%. The Positive Kirby-Bauer experimental method with control solution used is clindamycin Muller-Hinton media. Secondary data was phosphate 1.2%, and the negative control obtained from literature studies, journals, used is distilled water. Propionibacterium literature reviews, textbooks, and the acnes bacteria was isolated on blood agar internet. The steps in this study, firstly, was media and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours, to manufacture a simplicial and methanol and its form and nature have been proven extract using the kenop (Gomphrena by gram staining. globosa) flower. Following that, was to make the bacterial culture using the Kirby- RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Bauer method, and lastly, would be to test The results of the measurement of the for antibacterial activity, and to measure inhibition of these bacteria are measured the data using the SPSS software using calipers in millimeter (mm) (Table 1 application version 16.00. From 100 grams and Figure 1). Figure 1. Potential of Kenop flowers (Gomphrena
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