MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Grotesky Charlese Chaplina Jako Sociální

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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Grotesky Charlese Chaplina Jako Sociální MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV HUDEBNI VĚDY SDRUŽENÁ UMĚNOVĚDNÁ STUDIA Grotesky Charlese Chaplina jako sociální kritika Bakalářská diplomová práce Autor práce: Michaela Hložková Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Václav Březina Brno 2009 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracovala zcela samostatně a použila jen uvedenou literaturu. Současně dávám svolení ktomu, aby tato diplomová práce byla umístěnavÚstředníknihovněFFMUa používánakestudijnímúčelům. VBrnědne21.dubna2009 …………..………………………… MichaelaHložková 2 Poděkování Na tomto místě bychráda poděkovala Mgr.VáclavuBřezinovi za vynikající vedení práce.Můjdíkpatříi rodiněa přátelůmza psychickoupodporu. 3 OBSAH 0 Bibliografickýzáznam,anotace,klíčováslova ..............................................................5 0.1. Bibliografickýzáznam .................................................................................................5 0.2. Anotace ........................................................................................................................5 0.3. Annotation ...................................................................................................................5 0.4. Klíčováslova ...............................................................................................................6 0.5. Keywords .....................................................................................................................6 1 Úvod ...................................................................................................................................7 2 VelkýčlověkChaplinamalýtulák Charlie ...................................................................9 2.1 Oddivadla kfilmu .....................................................................................................10 2.2 Postava„tuláka“ ........................................................................................................11 2.3 Soukromýživot ..........................................................................................................12 3 Revolucevefilmu ...........................................................................................................14 3.1 Zrozenífilmovéhopříběhu........................................................................................14 4 Groteskyjakosociální kritikaspolečnosti ...................................................................16 4.1 Rok1914....................................................................................................................16 4.1.1 Keystone ...........................................................................................................16 4.2 Rok1915....................................................................................................................17 4.2.1 Essanay .............................................................................................................18 4.2.2 Chaplintulákem ................................................................................................18 4.3 Rok1916....................................................................................................................19 4.3.1 Mutual ...............................................................................................................19 4.3.2 Chaplinsevrací zflámu ...................................................................................20 4.3.3 Chaplinstrážcemveřejnéhopořádku ................................................................20 4.3.4 Chaplinvystěhovalcem .....................................................................................21 4.4 Rok1917....................................................................................................................22 4.4.1 First National ....................................................................................................22 4.4.2 Psíživot ............................................................................................................23 4.4.3 Půjčka ...............................................................................................................24 4.4.4 DobrývojákChaplin .........................................................................................24 Rok1919..............................................................................................................................25 4.4.5 UnitedArtists ....................................................................................................26 4.4.6 Kid....................................................................................................................26 5 Pohlednadobu19151920.............................................................................................28 5.1 Francie,Anglie,Itálie ................................................................................................28 5.2 Německo,Rusko........................................................................................................28 5.3 Dánsko.......................................................................................................................28 5.4 Celkovýpohlednadobu............................................................................................29 5.5 Politickáne/angažovanost .........................................................................................29 6 Přínosprofilmovoutvorbu ...........................................................................................31 6.1 SergejM.Ejzenštejn ..................................................................................................31 6.2 GrigorijAlexandrov ..................................................................................................32 6.3 GrigorijKozincev ......................................................................................................32 7 Závěr ................................................................................................................................34 8 Summary .........................................................................................................................36 9 Použitáliteratura ............................................................................................................38 10 Seznampříloh .................................................................................................................40 4 0 Bibliografický záznam, anotace, klíčová slova 0.1. Bibliografický záznam HLOŽKOVÁ,Michaela. GroteskyCharleseChaplinajakosociálníkritika. Brno: Masarykova univerzita,Filozofická fakulta,Sdružená uměnovědná studia,2009.45s. Vedoucídiplomové práceMgr.VáclavBřezina. 0.2. Anotace Diplomová práce „ Grotesky Charlese Chaplina jako sociální kritika“ se zabývá obdobím Chaplinovy tvorby během let 1915 – 1920. Vtéto době začínal používat typizovanou postavutulákakvyjádřenísvýchnázorůakritikyspolečnosti. Chaplinovyfilmy ztohotoobdobí jsoucharakteristické svoujedinečností, vyznačující se již samostatnou tvůrčí činností, do kterých Chaplin dokázal promítnout sociální kritiku. Část práce je věnována jehoživotu.Abybylomožné pochopit autorasamotného,bylopotřeba nastínitdobuvnížvyrůstal,atakéobdobí,vekterémtvořilsvéfilmy. Ve své práci jsem se především zaměřila na poznatky, které vedly Chaplina kvytvoření tuláka jako vyděděnce lidské společnosti, čelícího nástrahám každodenního života. Cílemtétopráce jenástinrolegrotesky,jakosociálníkritikynaspolečnost. 0.3. Annotation Bachelor's thesis "Charles Chaplinslapstickas Social Criticism" deals withthe period of formation of Chaplin during the years 1915 to 1920. At this time he began to use standardizedvagabondfiguretoputforwardhisviewsandcriticismofsociety. Chaplin‘s films from this periodare characterized bytheir unique andthe independent creative activities in which he was able to reflect the social criticism. Part of the work is devotedto his life.Inorder tounderstandthe author himself,it was necessarytooutline the periodinwhichhegrewup,andalsothe periodinwhichhecreatedhisfilms. Inthis thesis,I mainlyfocusedonknowledge whichledtothe creationof Chaplinas a vagabondunderprivilegedhumansociety,facedwiththe pitfallsofeverydaylife. Theaimofthisworkis tooutlinetheroleofslapstick,associalcriticismonthesociety. 5 0.4. Klíčová slova Chaplin Charles, groteska, němý film, sociální kritika, malý tulák, velká legenda, kinematografie, Kid, Hollywood, Mack Sennet, Keystone, Mutual, First National, Essanay, UnitedArtists. 0.5. Keywords Charles Chaplin, comedy, silent film, social criticism, a small vagabond, great legend, cinema, Kid, Hollywood, Mack Sennet, Keystone, Mutual, First National, Essanay, United Artists. 6 1 Úvod „Kinematografie je stále ještě relativně mladým oborem. Její vývoj spolu s filmem nabral hned od počátku mimořádnou dynamiku, která odpovídala tempu moderní doby: umění se mísilo s průmyslem, originál skopií, hluk stichem.Velké a malé věci lidskéhoživota si začaly nečekaně vyměňovat pozice tak nečekaně, že právě proměny obrazůazvukůve filmu dokázaly nejlépe vystihnout situaci, vníž se ocitl člověk 20.století.Zrodilose nové médium, jehož estetikaovlivnilanejnovější dějiny lidstva podobně jakoknihtisk, automobilismus nebo letectví .“ 1 Odsaméhopočátkusvé existence se kinematografie globalizuje.Film se stal součástí kulturního kontextu mezi zeměmi i kontinenty a je současně považován za jedno z nejvlivnějšíchmédií.Dokážeoslovit divákybezohleduna jejichnárodnost,či barvupleti. Stává se silnou zbraní pro oslovení miliónů posluchačů, kteří se cítí být zasaženi filmy pocházejícími
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