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Toward a Secure Autonomic Mobile Ad Hoc Cloud Computing System Devu Manikantan Shila, Wenlong Shen, Yu Cheng, Xiaohua Tian, and Xuemin (Sherman) Shen

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Toward a Secure Autonomic Mobile Ad Hoc Cloud Computing System Devu Manikantan Shila, Wenlong Shen, Yu Cheng, Xiaohua Tian, and Xuemin (Sherman) Shen This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this magazine. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. ACCEPTED FROM OPEN CALL AMCLOUD: TOWARD A SECURE AUTONOMIC MOBILE AD HOC CLOUD COMPUTING SYSTEM DEVU MANIKANTAN SHILA, WENLONG SHEN, YU CHENG, XIAOHUA TIAN, AND XUEMIN (SHERMAN) SHEN ABSTRACT improved manageability, and reduced mainte- nance. Furthermore, it could also significantly Cloud computing is a revolutionary paradigm boost partnership, agility, and scalability, thus to deliver computing resources, ranging from facilitating a truly global computing model. data storage/processing to software, as a service Nevertheless, existing archetypical cloud over the network, with the benefits of efficient computing models (public, private, or partner) resource utilization and improved manageability. encompass a cluster of expensive and dedicated The current popular cloud computing models machines to run those cloud computing resourc- encompass a cluster of expensive and dedicated es, leading to significant investment in capital machines to provide cloud computing services, outlay and ongoing costs. It is further observed incurring significant investment in capital outlay that the resources inside the data centers often and ongoing costs. A more cost effective solution operate at “low utilization” due to resource would be to exploit the capabilities of an ad hoc stranding and fragmentation. Moreover, the cloud which consists of a cloud of distributed and energy consumed by machines housed in data dynamically untapped local resources. The ad centers also embodies a financial burden on the hoc cloud can be further classified into static and organizations that operate them as well as an mobile clouds: an ad hoc static cloud harnesses infrastructure burden on power utilities. the underutilized computing resources of general For a cost effective cloud computing mode, ad purpose machines, whereas an ad hoc mobile hoc cloud computing aims to leverage untapped cloud harnesses the idle computing resources of local computing and storage resources to form mobile devices. However, the dynamic and dis- an ad hoc cloud of local resources. Based on the tributed characteristics of ad hoc cloud introduce nature of the local resources, we categorize ad challenges in system management. In this arti- hoc cloud into two modes, ad hoc static cloud cle, we propose a generic em autonomic mobile and ad hoc mobile cloud. Ad hoc static cloud cloud (AMCloud) management framework for harnesses the underutilized computing resources automatic and efficient service/resource manage- of general purpose machines owned by an enter- ment of ad hoc cloud in both static and mobile prise, organization, or normal users. Though ad modes. We then discuss in detail the possible hoc static cloud shares some of the characteristics security and privacy issues in ad hoc cloud com- of the grid and volunteer computing, it incorpo- puting. A general security architecture is devel- rates new features, i.e. supporting diverse appli- oped to facilitate the study of prevention and cations, rapid elasticity, and coordinated use of defense approaches toward a secure autonomic computing resources for large number of users. cloud system. This article is expected to be useful Ad hoc mobile cloud harnesses the idle comput- for exploring future research activities to achieve ing resources of mobile devices owned by the an autonomic and secure ad hoc cloud comput- same or different individuals. The concept of ad ing system. hoc mobile cloud is different from classic mobile Deve Manikantan Shila is cloud models that allow offloading of mobile with United Technologies INTRODUCTION applications to remote resource-rich clouds. In Research Center. Cloud computing is a novel technology to deliver ad hoc mobile cloud, a local pool of smart devic- Wenlong Shen and Yu Cheng computing resources, ranging from data storage es (e.g. smartphones, Internet of things, etc.) will are with Illinois Institute of and processing to software, as a service over the be collected and aggregated to provide sufficient Technology. network, typically using Internet technologies. resources for computationally expensive cloud The US National Institute of Standards and services. Note that ad hoc mobile cloud is closely Xiaohua Tian is with Shang- hai Jiaotong University. Technology (NIST) has categorized cloud com- related to the concept of opportunistic comput- puting into three service models [1]: software as ing, where a device can opportunistically lever- Xuemin (Sherman) Shen is a service, platform as a service, and infrastruc- age other available resources within the network. with University of Waterloo. ture as a service. Still evolving, this revolutionary Nevertheless, ad hoc mobile cloud targets a more paradigm has the potential provide several ben- organized, large-scale resource sharing system Digital Object Identifier: efits, including significant cost savings through through resource virtualization and system man- 10.1109/MWC.2016.1500119RP increased operating and economic efficiencies, agement. 2 1536-1284/16/$25.00 © 2016 IEEE IEEE Wireless Communications • accepted for publication This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this magazine. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. Ad hoc cloud is expected to provision a wide security and privacy threats, and presents attack A large amount of com- range of multimedia services and applications countermeasures and research challenges, with such as distributed environment monitoring, the objective of developing solutions toward a putational and storage object localization and tracking, multimedia secure autonomic mobile cloud system. This arti- resources within organi- content sharing, and ad hoc multi-party gam- cle should be useful for exploring future research ing. As applications are diverse in terms of scale activities to achieve an autonomic and secure ad zations, enterprises, and and complexity, management of ad hoc cloud hoc cloud computing system. will be a costly and challenging issue due to the homes are often under dynamics of resource availability and hetero- AD HOC CLOUD COMPUTING exploited. Leveraging geneous QoS requirements. Autonomic man- This section first reviews existing ad hoc cloud agement, encompassing the characteristics of architecture designs, and then proposes an auto- these untapped resourc- self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing, nomic mobile cloud (AMCloud) management es for cloud computing and self-protection, is a promising solution for framework. managing the ad hoc cloud computing system. services instead of Currently, the existing literature does not con- AD HOC STATIC CLOUD COMPUTING tain many studies on autonomic management for A large amount of computational and storage dedicated data center cloud computing. In [2], an autonomic frame- resources within organizations, enterprises, and machines will enable work, named CometCloud, is proposed to enable homes are often under exploited. Leveraging application workflows with diverse and changing these untapped resources for cloud comput- various benefits. requirements over highly heterogeneous, dynam- ing services instead of dedicated data center ically federated, computing and data platforms. machines will yield various benefits. First, it could However, CometCloud mainly considers serv- amortize the number of commodity servers, er-oriented cloud systems, and lacks details on backups, storage, switches, and other IT equip- how to achieve autonomic management. There ment that needs to be procured. Second, it could is emerging interest in autonomic provisioning lead to better utilization of idle resources. Final- of big data on clouds [3], where the focus is on ly, it could reduce overall power usage and costs. adaptive provisioning of cloud resources to make If we rely on non-dedicated machines housed cloud-hosted big data applications operate more in working spaces for computing resources, and efficiently rather than on the design of the auto- given that they are placed at lower densities com- nomic management framework. pared to data centers, the energy consumed for In [4], an autonomic service management power conditioning, heating, and cooling can be framework based on coordinated integration of controlled easier. service-oriented architecture (SOA), applica- A cloudlet based architecture for an ad hoc tion-oriented networking (AON), and autonomic static cloud computing model is proposed in [8]. computing is proposed. This framework provides The purpose of cloudlet is to render particular automated management of network resources services or applications that can be accessed by through optional and manageability interfaces, participating nodes through web services or other enabling the network designer to impose proto- suitable protocols. In the cloudlet based archi- cols and policies for different network manage- tecture, each node runs software called a cloud ment requirements. In this article, we propose, element, which encompasses two main compo- based on [4], to establish an autonomic mobile nents: an engine capable of running the work- cloud (AMCloud) management system for ad loads associated with its cloudlet functionality; hoc cloud computing. The most related work to and a modeler/manager that has knowledge of AMCloud is [5], which proposes an autonomic the semantics of the workload and a cost model resource provisioning framework for organiz- that enables analysis about
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