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Self-* Algorithms and Autonomic Communication Systems Self-* Algorithms and Autonomic Communication Systems Beatriz Otero 1, Salvador Sahuquillo 1, Pere Barlet-Ros 1, Salvatore Spadaro 2 and Josep Solé-Pareta 1 Technical University of Catalonia, C/Jordi Girona 1-3, Campus North, 08034, Barcelona Catalonia-Spain 1 Computer Architecture Department [email protected], [email protected], {pbarlet, pareta}@ac.upc.edu 2 Communications & Signal Theory Department [email protected] ABSTRACT such capabilities requires a deep re-thinking of the current way of developing and deploying distributed systems and applications. There are signs of evidence of a convergence of Future Internet In this direction, a promising approach consists in conceiving (WebX.0) and Telco-ICT (e.g. SDK, Telco2.0 models). This services as part of an “open ecosystem” through which they can paper proposes a vision bringing above convergence to a mature prosper and thrive at the service of users. This vision is attractive exploitation by developing a distributed framework for evolving because it not only allows providing better services to end-users, services and applications open to Prosumers, Telco and Web but also meets the emerging economic urge for service provision Operators, Application Providers, etc. This vision implies and system management deriving by the higher level of dynamism overcoming current Service Frameworks limitations and and variability of communication systems. managing new complexities. Autonomic systems with self-* At the same time, there are clear signs of evidence of a algorithms are offering interesting solutions. convergence of Future Internet (WebX.0) and Telco-ICT (e.g. In this paper, we enumerate and describe the main autonomic SDK, Telco2.0 models). This paper proposes a vision bringing capabilities and self-* algorithms that can be used in autonomic above convergence to a mature exploitation by developing a communication systems. In each case, we illustrate with examples distributed framework for evolving services and applications open each autonomic property. to Prosumers, Telco and Web Operators, Application Providers, etc. Autonomic systems with self-* algorithms are offering interesting solutions. This vision based on distributed Categories and Subject Descriptors architectures of components that are abstracting any services, C.2.1 [ Computer Systems Organization ]: Computer- pieces of data and Future Internet and Telco-ICT enablers. Communications Networks – Networks Architecture and Design; K.4.1 [ Computing Milieux ]: Computers and Society – General. Idea is to design such frameworks in a way that are self- configuring, self-organizing, self-stabilizing, self-optimizing, self- General Terms healing and self-protecting. Such frameworks should be able to Design, Human Factors, Theory. learn and adapt to their environment (changes in topology, technologies, service demands, application context, etc) thus Keywords providing much needed flexibility and functional scalability. Design principles, autonomic communication systems. The remainder of the paper is organised as follows: Section 2 describe the autonomic capabilities and shows examples for the 1. INTRODUCTION main properties. In this section, we mention related works and research in this area. In Section 3 shows a use case. Finally, Today’s Internet is rapidly evolving towards a collection of Section 5 has the conclusions of the paper and the future work. distributed and pervasive services. In the next future, such services will be expected to (i) autonomously detect and organize 2. SELF-* ALGORITHMS the knowledge, and (ii) self-adapt and self-configure to get the Autonomic communication systems must know their environment best from any situation in order to meet the needs of diverse users, and the context surrounding their activity, and act accordingly in diverse situations, with limited human intervention. [17]. They find and generate rules to best interact with neighbouring systems and adapt themselves. Autonomic interaction and policy-based self-management are technologies These features will enable a wide range of new activities that are that support inter-component interactions, such as service-level simply not possible or impractical now. However, achievement of agreements, negotiation protocols and algorithms, and This work was partially funded by the Ministry of Science and conversation support. Technology of Spain under contract TIN2007-60625 and by the HiPEAC European Network of Excellence and by the Catalan Research 2.1 Autonomic Capabilities Council under contract 2005-SGR00481. IBM, as part of its autonomic computing initiative, has outlined Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for the need for current service providers to enforce adaptability and personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are properties of self-configuration, self-optimization, self-protection not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that and self-healing, via service (and server) architectures revolving copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, around feedback loops and advanced adaptation/organization requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. techniques. Sample self-managing in autonomic communication 2.2 Self-optimization systems include: installing software when the system has detected An autonomic communication system should be able to optimize that some software is missing (self-configuration), adjusting functioning and performance of communications and to detect current workload when an increase in capacity is observed (self- optimal behaviors to improve its execution. This property requires optimization), taking resources offline when an intrusion is hardware and software systems to maximize resources utilization detected (self-protection) and restarting a failed component (self- to meet the final user’s needs without human intervention. Some healing) [30]. These properties are accompanied by four enabling of these optimizations are routing use shortest path from source to properties or attributes, namely self-awareness, environment- destination and monitoring and tuning resources automatically awareness, self-adjustment and self-monitoring [15] [17] [22]. (databases, storage, networks, etc). Since 2001 the self-* list of properties has grown substantially [36]. It now includes features such as self-anticipation, self- Several efforts focusing on self-optimization for autonomic adaptation, self-definition, and self-organization among others storage include the works as follows: [35] [36]. Driven by such vision, a variety of architectural − GLOMAR [10] is an adaptable mechanism that selects frameworks based on “self-regulating” autonomic components has an optimum mechanism based upon the user’s been recently proposed both by IBM and by independent research connectivity. centres [4] [6] [13]. Moreover, [18] proposed a model to measure − the degree of autonomicity (i.e. self-management) in these HAC [5] provide an adaptable caching mechanism systems. which optimizes caching to suit locality and application workload. Examples systems with autonomic capabilities are presented − bellow. Others works [24] [25] use frequent sequence mining algorithms to find block access correlation’s which can − Storage Tank [28] is a multi-platform accessible storage be used to improve the effectiveness of subsystems such management system. It supports self-optimization and as storage caching. self-healing properties. Other possible optimization for autonomic communication − Oceano [16] facilitates cost effective scalable systems has relation with the power in the autonomic system and management of computing resources for software. It workload management. The main goal of the proposed algorithms handles self-optimization, self-awareness and constant is reducing the growing energy consumption of component monitoring. Oceano provides a hosting telecommunications servers maintaining the quality of service. environment with fast response time in adjusting the From a power consumption point of view, the algorithms achieve resources, assigned to each hosted, to the dynamically a self-optimization of the network. Considering that a standby fluctuating workload. server consumes much less power than one with a utilization of − AutoAdmin [29] reduces the total cost of ownership. It 1%, the idea consists on concentrating in one server the load of supports the autonomic capabilities of self-tuning and those neighbors with low utilization, so we can put those servers self-administration. to sleep. This way we significantly reduce the power consumed by the system. However, since we cannot forget about execution − OceanStore [2] is a globally scalable storage utility. time, it is necessary to introduce a control algorithm for this Providing a consistent, highly-available and durable variable, so that a server with a high execution time is able to data storage system. It supports the autonomic awake a standby neighbor to lighten its load. With these capabilities of self-optimization, self-healing, self- algorithms we get important energy saving values in the system, configuration and self-protection. The four main while keeping an acceptable execution time. capabilities that characterising an autonomic communication system. This system has policy-based 2.3 Self-healing catching, autonomic replication, routing substrate An autonomic communication system should be able to detect
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