Road Funds Used in Kericho County
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University of Nairobi School of Engineering DEPARTMENT OF GEOSPATIAL AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY USE OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF COUNTY DEVELOPMENT FUNDS: A Case Study of Kericho County. BY KIPRONO JUSTICE KORIR F56/68945/2013 A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOSPATIAL AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI JUNE, 2015 Declaration I, Kiprono Justice Korir, hereby declare that this project is my original work. To the best of my knowledge, the work presented here has not been presented for a degree in any other university. ………………………………… …………………………… Signature Date KIPRONO JUSTICE KORIR F56/68945/2013 This project has been submitted for examination with my approval as a University Supervisor. ………………………………………… …………..………………… Signature Date B.M OKUMU School of Engineering: Department of Geospatial and Space Technology of the University of Nairobi i DEDICATION I dedicate this project to my family; my loving wife Gladys Korir and to my children Allan, Bertha and Kate, for the support they gave me during the entire academic journey. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who contributed in one way or another to making the completion of this project a success. First and foremost my appreciation goes to my Supervisor Mr. B. M OKUMU of the Department of Geospatial and Space Technology, University of Nairobi for his invaluable advice, guidance, patience and moral support. I am also very grateful to my lecturers and the staff of the Department of Geospatial and Space Technology, University of Nairobi for their support and guidance. Special thanks also goes to the staff of the County Government of Kericho for their support in provision of information and the data needed for this project. I appreciate the Survey of Kenya (Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development) for the provision of datasets and my colleagues there for according me their support and cooperation. You unreservedly sacrificed and took up my duties to enable me pursue this course. To my friends and classmates, I wish to express my appreciation for the invaluable and immeasurable encouragement and support throughout the period of undertaking this project. Thanks to my family for their patience, prayers, encouragement and sacrifice they made to enable me concentrate on my studies. Last but not least, I thank God for giving me strength, good health and will to continue. KIPRONO JUSTICE KORIR June, 2015 iii ABSTRACT As per the The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, several functions were devolved from the National government to the County government. Each financial year the National government through The Commission on Revenue Allocation allocates funds to all the 47 counties in the Republic of Kenya. Allocations of revenue to the county governments are disbursed each financial year for recurrent expenditure and development funds. Each county government aims to spend these development funds to bring meaningful development in all the county assembly wards under its jurisdiction. Spending these development funds and their fair distribution to all county assembly wards in a county is a great challenge. The need to bring accountability, transparency and check corruption on development funds requires monitoring and evaluation of these funds on development projects using Geospatial technology, a trend gaining momentum in the current world. The study demonstrated the use of Geospatial Technology (GIS- Geographic Information System) to monitor and evaluate the use of county development funds in a county. The road projects that the County Government of Kericho developed during the first half of the FY 2014/2015 were mapped and their distribution and the amount of funds used were determined. A geodatabase was created and analysis on the distribution of funds to county assembly wards within a county was done. Queries were developed to generate required information for monitoring and evaluation of county development funds in the county. The procedures were discussed in displaying the results of GIS. Generation of maps, reports, charts, and graphs from the created database for analysis process reveals that some county assembly wards were underfunded as compared to others. Also some county assembly wards received more road project funds than others hence there were uneven distribution on the number of road projects carried out. The analysis process gives the County government monitoring and evaluation reports and better visualization mechanism for better decision making. The project study noted that GIS and Remote Sensing is a powerful tool as it combines both the spatial and attribute data for monitoring and evaluating use of development funds. It was recommended that the system be upgraded to cover all the other devolved departments in the county and eventually to all the counties in the Republic of Kenya. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ……………………………………….……………………...i DEDICATION……………………………………………………………........ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………......iii ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………...….iv LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………….……….viii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………......x LIST OF ACRONYMS……………………………………………………......xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction….………………………………………………………….…....1 1.1 Background..………………………………………………………….............1 1.2 Problem statement..…………………………………………………….……..2 13 Justification..…………………………………………………………………..2 1.4 Objectives.…………………………………………………………………....4 1.4.1 Main objective .………………………………………………………..…...4 1.4.2 Specific objectives.…………………………………………………….…...4 1.5 Scope and limitation of the study……………….…………………….….......4 1.6 Organization of the report.……………………………………………….......5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Literature review ……………………………………………………….…….6 2.1 Study area ………………………………………………………….......6 2.2 Public Works and Transport ……………………………………………........9 2.2.1 Kericho Road Network …………………………………………………...10 2.2.2 County roads ……………………………………………………………...11 2.2.3 Department’s Allocation and Budgetary Performance……………………11 2.3.0 Geographic Information System………………………………………......11 v 2.3.1 Definition of GIS………………………………………………………….11 2.3.2 Use of Geospatial Information………………………………………........11 2.3.3 The power of geospatial data……...………………………………….......13 2.3.4 Open spending and transparency …………………………………….…..13 2.4.0 Monitoring and Evaluation …………………………………………...….14 2.4.1 Monitoring …………………………………………………………….....14 2.4.1.1 Common types of monitoring ……………………………………….....15 2.4.2 Evaluation ………………………………………………………………..15 2.5.0 Role of GIS in monitoring and evaluation………………………………..16 2.5.1 Project planning…………………………………………………………..16 2.5.2 Estimates …………………………………………………………………16 2.5.3 Monitoring and Evaluation………………………………………….........16 2.5.4 Public information …………………………………………………….....17 2.5.5 Government/donor reporting……………………………………………..17 2.6.0 Geo-database design…….……………………………………………......17 2.6.1 Types of geo-databases…………………………………………………..17 CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 3.0 Methodology..………………………………..…………………….……...19 3.1 User needs assessment……..…………………………………………...…19 3.2 Tools and equipment ……………………………………………………...20 3.2.1 Hardware ………………………………………………………………..20 3.2.2 Software…………………………………………………………………20 3.3 Data………………………………………………………………………..21 3.3.1. Sources of data……….……………………………….………………...21 3.3.2 Data acquisition, collection and input...……..…………………………. 21 3.3.3 Attribute data ………………………………………………………….. .22 3.4 Digitization of data and data input..…………………………………….....22 3.5. Data processing ………………………………………………………. ….22 3.6 Overview of the methodology …………………………………………….23 vi 3.6.1 Mapping of projects……………………………………………………...24 3.6.2. Designing and creating a GIS database ………………………………...24 3.6.3 Analysis of the spatial distribution of road projects……………………..25 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 4.1 Results and analysis of results……………………………………..……..26 4.2 Impacts of the developed road projects to the society…………………....29 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………...54 5.2 Recommendations ……………………………………………………….55 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………….57 APPENDICES…………………………………………………………..….59 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1a: Location of Kericho County………………………..…………………..……….….6 Figure 2.1b: Kericho County; Study Area……………………….……………………..….…….6 Figure 2.2: Tea plantation and forest cover at the background…………………………….........7 Figure 2.3: Initial state of the access road and the current state…………………………….…..11 Figure 3.1: Overview of the methodology……………………………………………………...25 Figure 4.1: 117 Road projects funded by Kericho County Government………………….........29 Figure 4.2: Distribution of population density per constituency in Kericho County……………..………………………………………………………….……30 Figure 4.3: BANDA PILIS – SACHANGWAN RD…………………………………………..32. Figure 4.4: Impacts of developed road projects………………………………………………...33 Figure 4.5: Number of road projects per county assembly wards in Kericho County ………...34 Figure 4.6: Distribution of development funds per county assembly ward……………..……..36 Figure 4.7: Graphical representation of funds distribution per county assembly ward…..…….37 Figure 4.8a: Display of county assembly ward which received largest development funding…38 Figure 4.8b: Display of county assembly ward which received least development funding…...38 Figure 4.9: Display of the study area………………………………………………………...…39 Figure 4.10: An SQL query