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RAPPORT TRIMESTRIEL D'activité 2011 De Thomas Strasbourg, le 14 mars 2012 CommDH(2012)9 4E RAPPORT TRIMESTRIEL D’ACTIVITÉ 2011 de Thomas Hammarberg Commissaire aux droits de l'homme 1er octobre au 31 décembre 2011 A l'attention du Comité des Ministres et de l'Assemblée parlementaire CommDH(2012)9 TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1. Vue d’ensemble ............................................................................................ 3 2. Missions et visites ......................................................................................... 4 3. Rapports et dialogue permanent ................................................................... 8 4. Activités thématiques .................................................................................. 10 5. Autres réunions ........................................................................................... 19 6. Défenseurs des droits de l'homme .............................................................. 21 7. Cour européenne des droits de l'homme .................................................... 22 8. Activités de communication et d’information ............................................... 22 9. Le trimestre prochain .................................................................................. 23 10. Observations et réflexions .......................................................................... 25 2 CommDH(2012)9 1. Vue d’ensemble Au dernier trimestre 2011, une attention particulière a été accordée à la nécessité de garantir un système judiciaire efficace, qui ne soit soumis ni à la corruption ni à des ingérences politiques. Un autre axe de travail prioritaire a concerné la réponse à apporter dans le domaine des droits de l'homme aux profonds changements du paysage médiatique. Ces questions ont également été évoquées au cours de certaines des missions effectuées pendant ces trois mois. En Turquie, je me suis rendu à Istanbul, Diyarbakır et Ankara. Cette fois, ma visite a été consacrée essentiellement à l'administration de la justice. J'ai eu un long entretien constructif avec le ministre de la Justice et j'ai rencontré des juges et des procureurs à différents niveaux, des avocats, des détenus et des représentants de la société civile. Le rapport de cette visite a été publié en janvier 2012. En Ukraine, je me suis rendu à Kyiv et à Simferopol, en Crimée. Là encore, l'objet principal de ma visite était l'administration de la justice et j'ai eu un échange constructif avec le ministre de la Justice. J'ai également rencontré le ministre des Affaires étrangères, des conseillers du président, le directeur du Service de sécurité, des avocats ainsi que différents représentants du pouvoir judiciaire et des autorités de poursuite. A la fin de ma visite, j'ai confié mes premières impressions aux médias, notamment sur la détention d'anciens responsables gouvernementaux. Le rapport de cette visite sera publié en février 2012. A Simferopol, j'ai rencontré des représentants de la communauté tatare et d'autres minorités nationales déportées. Une lettre contenant les recommandations découlant de ce volet de la visite sera également publiée en février 2012. Ma visite au Royaume-Uni m'a conduit à Belfast et à Londres. J'ai abordé un certain nombre de questions relatives aux droits de l'homme, notamment la situation des Roms et des Gens du voyage, les droits des personnes handicapées, les droits des enfants, le logement des groupes défavorisés et les politiques migratoires. Des lettres adressées aux autorités pour résumer mes préoccupations seront publiées fin février 2012. A Londres, je me suis entretenu de la Loi relative aux droits de l'homme et de la mise en œuvre de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme avec des représentants du gouvernement et des membres du parlement. J'ai également évoqué ces questions lors de deux conférences que j'avais été invité à donner. Toujours dans le cadre de mon déplacement à Londres, j'ai participé à une cérémonie de lancement de l’ouvrage Human rights and a changing media landscape, au cours de laquelle quelques-uns des auteurs ont présenté leurs analyses et recommandations. Cet ouvrage fait suite à six conférences sur les médias consacrées à différents thèmes : la nécessité de protéger les journalistes et leurs sources ; l'importance d’un journalisme éthique ; les moyens de promouvoir les médias de service public ; les mesures visant à garantir le pluralisme des médias ; la protection de l’accès à l’information, et la réponse aux nouveaux médias sociaux sous l’angle des droits de l'homme. Autre événement important, la réunion à Strasbourg avec des représentants d'organisations non gouvernementales de défense des droits de l'homme établies sur le 3 CommDH(2012)9 territoire couvert par le Conseil de l'Europe (ainsi que le Bélarus). Cette consultation a permis d'aborder notamment la question des moyens de protéger les défenseurs en danger et de promouvoir leur coopération avec les structures nationales des droits de l'homme. Une réunion de suivi importante consacrée à la détention illégale et à la torture par la CIA de personnes soupçonnées de terrorisme pendant la « guerre contre le terrorisme » s’est tenue avec des représentants du procureur général de Pologne. Elle nous a donné l’occasion de présenter longuement nos informations sur cette question. 2. Missions et visites Visite en Turquie Le Commissaire a effectué une visite en Turquie (Istanbul, Diyarbakır et Ankara) du 10 au 14 octobre. Au cours de ce déplacement placé sous le thème de l'administration de la justice, il a eu des réunions avec les autorités nationales, notamment le ministre de la Justice, Sadullah Ergin, le ministre de l'Intérieur, İdris Naim Şahin, et le directeur général des questions politiques multilatérales au ministère des Affaires étrangères, l'ambassadeur Erdoğan İşcan. Il a également rencontré le président de la Commission des droits de l'homme de la Grande Assemblée nationale turque, Ayhan Sefer Üstün, et eu des discussions avec le président en exercice et des membres du Conseil supérieur des juges et des procureurs, le secrétaire général de la Cour constitutionnelle ainsi que le secrétaire général et des membres de la Cour de cassation. Le Commissaire s'est rendu dans des tribunaux turcs, où il a rencontré des juges et des procureurs, notamment des procureurs dotés de prérogatives spéciales. Il s'est entretenu avec des représentants des ordres des avocats d’Istanbul et de Diyarbakır, ainsi qu’avec des avocats, des universitaires et des représentants d'organisations non gouvernementales. Il s'est enfin rendu dans le complexe pénitentiaire de Silivri à Istanbul et dans la prison de type D de Diyarbakır, où il a eu des discussions avec les autorités pénitentiaires et des détenus. Dans un communiqué de presse publié à la fin de sa visite, le Commissaire a noté que 700 des 2 200 arrêts rendus par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme contre la Turquie entre 1995 et 2010 concernaient des violations du droit à un procès équitable, dont plus de 500 le droit à la liberté et à la sûreté. Tout en reconnaissant que le gouvernement turc avait entrepris de vastes réformes ces dernières années, il a encouragé les autorités à redoubler d'efforts pour remédier aux défauts structurels et adapter l'administration de la justice en Turquie aux normes du Conseil de l'Europe et à la jurisprudence de la Cour. Le Commissaire a estimé que la lenteur des juridictions pénales, civiles et autres en Turquie posait un sérieux problème, qu’il convient de résoudre en adoptant des mesures supplémentaires. En outre, le problème chronique de la durée excessive de la détention provisoire porte atteinte à la liberté individuelle de milliers de personnes. Notant que dans de nombreuses affaires les juridictions internes n'avaient pas envisagé d'alternatives à la détention, pourtant prévues par la loi, le Commissaire a souligné que cette situation exigeait des changements législatifs mais surtout des changements 4 CommDH(2012)9 d'attitude de la part des procureurs et des juges qui semblent s'accommoder un peu trop aisément de cette pratique. Le Commissaire s'est félicité de l'abolition des cours de sûreté de l'Etat, mais restait très préoccupé par la mise en place et le fonctionnement des cours d'assises dotées de compétences spéciales, qui connaissent des affaires de criminalité organisée et de terrorisme. Il s'est inquiété de certaines pratiques problématiques de ces juridictions et de leurs procureurs, qui portent atteinte aux droits de la défense et sont liées en particulier à la législation antiterroriste, telles que la garde à vue au secret pendant 24 heures, l'impossibilité de faire appel à plusieurs avocats, la restriction de l'accès de l'inculpé au dossier d'accusation et la censure de la correspondance entre l'inculpé et son avocat. Enfin, le Commissaire a insisté sur le fait que les tribunaux ont aussi un rôle essentiel à jouer dans la lutte contre l'impunité des auteurs de violations graves des droits de l'homme, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de policiers. Plusieurs affaires alarmantes ont été portées à son attention, comme celle concernant le décès en garde à vue d'un Nigérian, Festus Okey, en 2007. Le Commissaire a souligné que la loi et les tribunaux devraient renforcer la position de la victime et de sa famille dans le cadre des enquêtes et des poursuites. Le rapport faisant suite à cette visite a été publié en janvier 2012. Visite en République de Moldova La visite du Commissaire en République de Moldova, du 19 au 22 octobre, était axée sur certaines questions relatives aux droits de l'homme : le suivi du
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