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Fernanda Maria Cordeiro De Oliveira1,2 & Rosângela Capuano Tardivo1

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Fernanda Maria Cordeiro De Oliveira1,2 & Rosângela Capuano Tardivo1 Rodriguésia 68(1): 195-207. 2017 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201768125 Genus Quesnelia (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) of Paraná State, Brazil Fernanda Maria Cordeiro de Oliveira1,2 & Rosângela Capuano Tardivo1 Abstract Quesnelia is a genus of the subfamily Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) with 20 species endemic to Brazil occurring from the south portion of the state of Bahia to the northern portion of the state of Santa Catarina. Quesnelia is subdivided into two subgenera: Quesnelia subg. Quesnelia and Quesnelia subg. Billbergiopsis. The purpose of this work was to conduct a taxonomic study of Quesnelia species from Paraná state (southern Brazil) along with morphological and taxonomic analysis of in vivo material and specimens in herbaria collections. Three taxa were found: Quesnelia humilis, Q. imbricata and Q. testudo. This work presents identification keys, morphological descriptions, geographical distribution, comments, illustrations and the conservation status of the studied taxa. Key words: flora, monocotyledons, Southern Brazil. Resumo Quesnelia pertence à subfamília Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) com 20 espécies, endêmicas do Brasil ocorrendo desde o sul da Bahia até o norte de Santa Catarina, enquadradas em dois subgêneros: Quesnelia subg. Quesnelia e Quesnelia subg. Billbergiopsis. Um estudo taxonômico do gênero para o Paraná foi realizado, consistindo de pesquisa bibliográfica, estudo morfológico e taxonômico de material in vivo e de exemplares das coleções de diversos herbários. São reconhecidos três táxons: Quesnelia humilis, Q. imbricata e Q. testudo. Chaves de identificação, descrições morfológicas, distribuição geográfica, comentários, ilustrações e o status de conservação dos táxons estudados são apresentados. Palavras-chave: flora, monocotiledôneas, Sul do Brasil. Introduction Givnish and Lindmanioideae Givnish), which are The Bromeliaceae Juss. family comprises monophyletically assembled based on molecular 58 genera and 3352 species (Luther 2012). It is characters (Givnish et al. 2007; Givnish et al. found nearly exclusively in the Neotropics from 2011). The genus Quesnelia Gaudich. belongs to the the southern portion of North America to the region subfamily Bromelioideae, which is characterized by of Patagonia, in South America. The exception is possessing a serrate leaf, inferior ovary, berry-like Pitcairnia feliciana (A. Chev.) Harms & Mild, which fruit and considerable morphological variability. occurs in western Africa as the result of a recent This subfamily includes more than half of the genera dispersal event (Givnish et al. 2011). Brazil is one of of Bromeliaceae (Benzing 2000), with 32 genera and the centers of diversity for the family, as it harbors approximately 800 species (Schulte et al. 2009). The 70% of the genera (22% endemic to the country) and genus is traditionally delimited by the presence of approximately 1200 species (BFG 2015). Thirty- simple inflorescences, sepals that are non-connate one genera are found in the Atlantic Forest, ten of to mildly connate at their base and biporate pollen which are endemic to this phytogeographic domain, grains (Smith & Downs 1979). including the genus Quesnelia (Martinelli et al. 2008). Quesnelia was established by Gaudichaud- The family is currently divided into eight Beaupré (1842). The type species is Q. rufa Gaudich. subfamilies (Bromelioideae, Tillandsoideae Harms, The author also considered Quesnelia to be closely Pitcairnoideae Harms, Navioideae Harms, Puyoideae related to the genus Billbergia Thunb. due to the Givnish, Brocchinioideae Givnish, Hechtioideae morphological similarity between the two taxa. 1 Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Dep. General Biology, Av. Gal. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. 2 Author for correspondence: [email protected] 196 Oliveira, F.M.C. et al. Mez (1892) subordinated Quesnelia to the species of Quesnelia in Rio de Janeiro state, with tribe Bromelieae Baker, subtribe Porateae Mez. both Q. edmundoi L.B.Sm and Q. lateralis Wawra The author was the first to question Quesnelia as endemics to that state. Proença et al. (2007) report a valid genus, mentioning the affinity of the taxa to five species of Quesnelia in São Paulo state, among species of Aechmea and Billbergia. While admitting which only Q. violacea Wand & S.L. Proença the artificiality of the genus, Mez (1896) maintained would be endemic. According to BFG (2015), 23 its previous taxonomic position and divided it into species of Quesnelia occur throughout the Atlantic three subgenera: Quesnelia subg. Billbergiopsis Forest in Brazil from the eastern portion of Bahia Mez, Quesnelia subg. Quesnelia and Quesnelia state to Santa Catarina state. All of these species are subg. Wawraea Mez. The author also discussed the considered to be endemic (Martinelli et al. 2008). affinity between species of the subgenus Quesnelia A previous study of Vascular Plants in Paraná and those of Aechmea subg. Pothuava, and pointed State shows that 107 species of Bromeliaceae occur out the morphological similarities between species in this state. There are 20 genera being Vriesea (28 of subgenus Billbergiopsis and those of Billbergia. spp.), Dyckia (20spp.) and Tillandsia (17 spp.) the Mez (1934) emphasized the pollinic similarity most representative ones (Tardivo 2014). Giving between Quesnelia and Aechmea, and differentiated continuity to the taxonomic study of Bromeliaceae the two by the shape of the ovules, which are obtuse in Paraná state, this work provides a study on in Quesnelia and caudate in Aechmea, as well as Quesnelia contributing with information for future by the simple inflorescence found in Quesnelia and systematic studies of this genus in Brazil. the compound inflorescence in Aechmea. In the most recent revision of Bromeliaceae, Materials and Methods Smith & Downs (1979) considered only two A bibliographic survey was carried out on subgenera (Quesnelia and Billbergiopsis), Quesnelia Gaudich. Further information was differentiated mainly by the simple, dense, strobilate obtained through classical studies specific to the to cylindrical inflorescence in Quesnelia and the family: Wawra (1880), Mez (1892, 1934), Smith dense or lax, simple or compound inflorescences & Downs (1979), Reitz (1983), Benzing (2000) in Billbergiopsis. The authors subordinated 14 and Luther (2012). species to the genus. All collected material was processed following Almeida et al. (2009) performed a usual techniques in plant taxonomy (Radford et phylogenetic analysis of the genus Quesnelia al. 1974; Judd et al. 2009). Subsequently these through morphological characters. The study plants were deposited in the Herbarium of the included taxa from six genera of the subfamily Ponta Grossa State University (HUPG). For the Bromelioideae. Quesnelia emerged as a morphological and taxonomic studies, we also polyphyletic group, closely related to the genera consulted specimens from the following herbaria: Aechmea and Billbergia. The subgenus Quesnelia EFC, FUEL, HBR, HUEM, HUPG, MBM, SP and emerged as monophyletic, with a high degree of UPCB (the acronyms of which are based on Thiers similarity among the species analyzed, whereas the (continuously updated). subgenus Billbergiopsis emerged as polyphyletic The material was analyzed under a with considerable affinity to the genera Aechmea stereomicroscope. Identification was based on and Billbergia. More recently, Evans et al. (2015) Smith & Downs (1979), Proença et al. (2007) performed a phylogenetic analysis with chloroplast and original descriptions, as well as on the DNA sequence data within Bromelioideae. analysis of photographs of the holotypes when According to the authors, Quesnelia emerges on a available online. The specific terminology for large polytomy with others Bromelioideae genera the morphological descriptions was based on (Billbergia, Aechmea, Canistropsis, Nidularium) Stearn (1983) and Gonçalves & Lorenzi (2011). forming the ‘Billbergia-nidularioid’ clade. The work of Weberling (1989) was used for the The genus Quesnelia has been studied types of inflorescence and the work of Brown & in Brazil following the conception adopted by Gilmartin (1989) was used for the nomenclature Smith & Downs (1979). Reitz (1983) only cited of the stigma. Q. imbricata L.B.Sm. as found in the state of The conservation status of the taxa studied Santa Catarina and the author also reported the in Paraná state was based on the criteria and occurrence of this species in the state of Paraná. categories established by the International Union Fontoura et al. (1991) report the presence of eight for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2010). Rodriguésia 68(1): 195-207. 2017 Genus Quesnelia of Paraná 197 Results and Discussion bracts always presents, conspicuous, broad and showy, imbricate, involving completely the ovary, Taxonomic treatment covering the petals, oblong, piriphormes, ovate- Quesnelia Gaudich. Voyage autour de Monde cuculate or triangulal, papiraceous, subcoriaceous or éxécuté pendant les Années 1836 et 1837 sur la membranaceous, pink, green-yellow, red or yellow. Corvette la Bonite, Botanique: 54. 1842. Typus: Flowers androgynous, sessils; sepals asymmetrics Quesnelia rufa Gaudich. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, fl., or sub-symetrics, free or lightly conate at the basis, no date, Gaudichaud 370 (Holotype: P [image!]). Herbs, epiphytic, humicolous, terricolous on ecarenate or rarely carenete, apex rounded, obtusus, sandy land, saxicolous or rupicolous, 30‒110 cm acute, acuminated-mucronated, pink, cream, yellow, long,
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