Suddenly, Democrats Are Offended by Nazi Analogies
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Ouse Foreign Affairs Subcommittee On
Testimony of Andrew Srulevitch, European Affairs Director Anti-Defamation League House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations Hearing on Anti-Semitism: A Growing Threat to All Faiths February 27, 2013 Washington, DC 1 Testimony of Andrew Srulevitch Director of European Affairs Anti-Defamation League House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations February 27, 2013 Washington, DC Let me offer special thanks on behalf of the Anti-Defamation League and its National Director, Abraham Foxman, to Chairman Smith and all the Members of the Subcommittee for holding this hearing today and for the many hearings, letters, and rallying cries that have kept this issue front and center. Your commitment to the fight against anti-Semitism and your determination to move from concern to action inspires and energizes all of us. The history of the Jewish people is fraught with examples of the worst violations of human rights - forced conversions, expulsions, inquisitions, pogroms, and genocide. The struggle against the persecution of Jews was a touchstone for the creation of some of the foundational human rights instruments and treaties as well as the development of important regional human rights mechanisms like the human dimension commitments of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). We focus today on anti-Semitism but we are mindful that, in advancing the fight against anti-Semitism, we elevate the duty of governments to comply with broader human rights commitments and norms. That is the core of ADL’s mission: to secure justice and fair treatment for Jews in tandem with safeguarding the rights of all groups. -
The Nazi-Card-Card
ISSN 1751-8229 Volume Six, Number Three The Nazi-card-card Rasmus Ugilt, Aarhus University Introduction It should be made clear from the start that we all in fact already know the Nazi-card-card very well. At some point most of us have witnessed, or even been part of, a discussion that got just a little out of hand. In such situations it is not uncommon for one party to begin to draw up parallels between Germany in 1933 and his counterpart. Once this happens the counterpart will immediately play the Nazi-card-card and say something like, “Playing the Nazi-card are we? I never thought you would stoop that low. That is guaranteed to bring a quick end to any serious debate.” And just like that, the debate will in effect be over. It should be plain to anyone that it is just not right to make a Nazi of one’s opponent. The Nazi-card-card always wins. This tells us that it is in general unwise to play the Nazi-card, as it is bound to be immediately countered by the Nazi-card-card, but the lesson, I think, goes beyond mere rhetoric. Indeed, I believe that something quite profound and important goes on in situations like this, something which goes in a different direction to the perhaps more widely recognized Godwin’s Law, which could be formulated as follows: “As a discussion in an Internet forum grows longer, the probability of someone playing the Nazi-card approaches 1.” The more interesting law, I think, would be that 1 of the Nazi-card-card, which in similar language states: “The probability of someone playing the Nazi-card-card immediately after the Nazi-card has been played is always close to 1.” In the present work I seek to investigate and understand this curious second card. -
Fermaglich's I-Xiv-123
Fermaglich: American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares page i American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares Fermaglich: American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares page ii Brandeis Series in American Jewish History, Culture, and Life Jonathan D. Sarna, Editor Sylvia Barack Fishman, Associate Editor Kirsten Fermaglich Amy L. Sales and Leonard Saxe American Dreams and Nazi Nightmares: “How Goodly Are Thy Tents”: Summer Early Holocaust Consciousness and Liberal Camps as Jewish Socializing Experiences America, 1957–1965 Ori Z. Soltes Andrea Greenbaum, editor Fixing the World: Jewish American Painters Jews of South Florida in the Twentieth Century Sylvia Barack Fishman Gary P. Zola, editor Double or Nothing: Jewish Families and The Dynamics of American Jewish History: Mixed Marriages Jacob Rader Marcus’s Essays on American Jewry George M. Goodwin and Ellen Smith, David Zurawik editors The Jews of Prime Time The Jews of Rhode Island Ranen Omer-Sherman Shulamit Reinharz and Mark A. Raider, Diaspora and Zionism in American Jewish editors Literature: Lazarus, Syrkin, Reznikoff, and Roth American Jewish Women and the Zionist Enterprise Ilana Abramovitch and Seán Galvin, editors Jews of Brooklyn Michael E. Staub, editor The Jewish 1960s: An American Sourcebook Pamela S. Nadell and Jonathan D. Sarna, editors Judah M. Cohen Women and American Judaism: Historical Through the Sands of Time: A History of Perspectives the Jewish Community of St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands Annelise Orleck, with photographs by Elizabeth Cooke Naomi W. Cohen The Soviet Jewish Americans The Americanization of Zionism, 1897–1948 Steven T. Rosenthal Seth Farber Irreconcilable Differences: The Waning of the An American Orthodox Dreamer: Rabbi American Jewish Love Affair with Israel Joseph B. -
Two Kingdoms in the Third Reich Transcript
Two Kingdoms in the Third Reich Transcript Date: Thursday, 9 March 2017 - 1:00PM Location: Barnard's Inn Hall 9 March 2017 Two Kingdoms in the Third Reich Professor Alec Ryrie This is a series of lectures on ‘extreme Christianity’, and it does not get much more extreme than this. You are familiar with Godwin’s Law, also known as the reductio ad Hitlerum: the notion that every argument in the modern world eventually progresses to the point where someone invokes a Nazi comparison, and the whole thing then collapses. There is a reason for that. Thanks to the Nazis, since 1945 Western civilisation has had something which it had not had for at least two centuries before that: an all-but universally accepted reference point for evil. That is important for any attempt to understand our culture, but it is especially important from the point of view of the history of religion in the West. Because defining evil, the whole business of mapping out what morality is, is supposed to be the core business of any religious community. And in the case of Nazism, Europe’s main religious communities plainly failed to do this. The slow realisation of Nazism’s evil was an essentially secular event, and the fact that our public life is now organised around an essentially secular definition of evil seems to me to be a key fact in understanding the history of religion in modern times. Today I want to look at the sorry story of how German’s Christian communities responded to Nazism: a story of collaboration, enthusiastic enabling, and of strictly limited pushback. -
Hearing on Anti-Semitism: a Growing Threat to All Faiths
Hearing on Anti-Semitism: A Growing Threat to All Faiths House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations Testimony of Andrew Srulevitch, European Affairs Director Anti-Defamation League February 27, 2013 Washington, DC Let me offer special thanks on behalf of the Anti-Defamation League and its National Director, Abraham Foxman, to Chairman Smith and all the Members of the Subcommittee for holding this hearing today and for the many hearings, letters, and rallying cries that have kept this issue front and center. Your commitment to the fight against anti-Semitism and your determination to move from concern to action inspires and energizes all of us. The history of the Jewish people is fraught with examples of the worst violations of human rights - forced conversions, expulsions, inquisitions, pogroms, and genocide. The struggle against the persecution of Jews was a touchstone for the creation of some of the foundational human rights instruments and treaties as well as the development of important regional human rights mechanisms like the human dimension commitments of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). We focus today on anti-Semitism but we are mindful that, in advancing the fight against anti- Semitism, we elevate the duty of governments to comply with broader human rights commitments and norms. That is the core of ADL’s mission: to secure justice and fair treatment for Jews in tandem with safeguarding the rights of all groups. Anti-Semitism is a primary concern for the Anti-Defamation League – not just because we are a Jewish community organization, but because anti-Semitism, the oldest and most persistent form of prejudice, threatens security and democracy, and poisons the health of a society as a whole. -
Fine-Tuned Neural Models for Propaganda Detection at the Sentence and Fragment Levels
Fine-Tuned Neural Models for Propaganda Detection at the Sentence and Fragment levels Tariq Alhindiy Jonas Pfeiffer∗ Smaranda Muresanyz yDepartment of Computer Science, Columbia University zData Science Institute, Columbia University ∗Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab, Technische Universitat Darmstadt ftariq.a, [email protected] [email protected] Abstract pressed in a text fragment together with the be- ginning and the end of that text fragment. This This paper presents the CUNLP submission task is evaluated based on the prediction of the for the NLP4IF 2019 shared-task on Fine- type of propaganda technique and the intersec- Grained Propaganda Detection. Our system finished 5th out of 26 teams on the sentence- tion between the gold and the predicted spans. level classification task and 5th out of 11 teams The details to the evaluation measure used for the on the fragment-level classification task based FLC task are explained in Da San Martino et al. on our scores on the blind test set. We present (2019a). Both sub-tasks were automatically eval- our models, a discussion of our ablation stud- uated on a unified development set. The system ies and experiments, and an analysis of our performance was centrally assessed without dis- performance on all eighteen propaganda tech- tributing the gold labels, however allowing for an niques present in the corpus of the shared task. unlimited number of submissions. The final per- 1 Introduction formance on the test set was similarly evaluated, with the difference that the feedback was given Propaganda aims at influencing a target audience only after the submission was closed, simultane- with a specific group agenda using faulty reason- ously concluding the shared-task. -
On Playing the Nazi Card
Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.2008.026344 on 25 September 2008. Downloaded from Editorial (1959); ‘‘scare stories’’ (1959); ‘‘time-worn On playing the Nazi card and much-criticized statistical charges’’ (1959); ‘‘extreme and unwarranted con- clusions’’ (1959); ‘‘foggy thinking’’ (1962); Professor Robert N Proctor ‘‘a rehash of previously inconclusive find- ings’’ (1962); ‘‘the easy answer to a Schneider and Glantz in this issue (see tobacco taxes helped prop up the Nazi state complex problem’’ (1962); ‘‘fanciful the- page 291) chronicle the industry’s long- (more than half of all storm-trooper ories’’ (1964); ‘‘propaganda blast’’ (1964); standing efforts to characterise tobacco income, for example, was from tobacco ‘‘statistical volleyball’’ (1965); ‘‘utterly control as ‘‘Nazi’’ or ‘‘fascist’’.1 The indus- taxes).2 They never point out that while without factual support’’ (1965); ‘‘exag- try’s rant has a certain superficial plausi- Nazi authorities tried to curtail smoking, gerations and misstatements of fact’’ bility: the Nazis had one of the world’s the industry was already powerful enough (1967); ‘‘guilt by association’’ (1968); strongest anti-cancer campaigns, one cen- to resist most of these encroachments. The ‘‘‘guesses, assumptions, and suspicions’’ tral feature of which was to curtail tobacco fact is that the Nazi war on tobacco was (1968); ‘‘worse than meaningless’’ (1969); use. Hitler himself stopped smoking in never waged as effectively as, say, the ‘‘claptrap’’ (1969); ‘‘a bum rap’’ (1969); 1919, throwing his cigarettes into the destruction of the Jews. Cigarettes were ‘‘colossal blunder’’ (1970); ‘‘one of the Danube in an act of defiance he later distributed to German soldiers throughout great scientific hoaxes of our time’’ credited for helping the triumph of the war, and cigarettes were still being (1970); ‘‘claims of the anti-cigarette Nazism. -
Policy, Politics, and Paradox: the Institutional Origins of the Great American Gun War
Fordham Law Review Volume 73 Issue 2 Article 12 2004 Policy, Politics, and Paradox: The Institutional Origins of the Great American Gun War Kristin A. Goss Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Kristin A. Goss, Policy, Politics, and Paradox: The Institutional Origins of the Great American Gun War, 73 Fordham L. Rev. 681 (2004). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol73/iss2/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Policy, Politics, and Paradox: The Institutional Origins of the Great American Gun War Cover Page Footnote Visiting Assistant Professor of Public Policy, Georgetown University. This Essay is adapted from the author's doctoral study, Disarmed: The Real American Gun Control Paradox, which won the American Political Science Association's 2003 Harold Lasswell award for best dissertation in public policy. This article is available in Fordham Law Review: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol73/iss2/12 POLICY, POLITICS, AND PARADOX: THE INSTITUTIONAL ORIGINS OF THE GREAT AMERICAN GUN WAR Kristin A. Goss* INTRODUCTION More than a decade ago, an Internet entrepreneur named Mike Godwin coined Godwin's Law of Nazi Analogies. Roughly translated, the law is as follows: "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one," or 100% certainty.' What is true in the virtual world of political debate is also true in its real-world manifestation: Winning often entails finding the harshest rhetoric possible to demonize the opponent. -
'Just Like Hitler': Comparisons to Nazism in American Culture
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 5-2010 'Just Like Hitler': Comparisons To Nazism in American Culture Brian Scott Johnson University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Brian Scott, "'Just Like Hitler': Comparisons To Nazism in American Culture" (2010). Open Access Dissertations. 233. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/233 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ‘JUST LIKE HITLER’ COMPARISONS TO NAZISM IN AMERICAN CULTURE A Dissertation Presented by BRIAN JOHNSON Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2010 English Copyright by Brian Johnson 2010 All Rights Reserved ‘JUST LIKE HITLER’ COMPARISONS TO NAZISM IN AMERICAN CULTURE A Dissertation Presented by BRIAN JOHNSON Approved as to style and content by: ______________________________ Joseph T. Skerrett, Chair ______________________________ James Young, Member ______________________________ Barton Byg, Member ______________________________ Joseph F. Bartolomeo, Department Head -
Tariq Alhindi | Jonas Pfeiffer | Smaranda Muresan
Fine-Tuned Neural Models for Propaganda Detection at the Sentence and Fragment Levels TARIQ ALHINDI | JONAS PFEIFFER | SMARANDA MURESAN Department of Computer Science, Columbia University Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab, Technische Universitat Darmstadt PROBLEM CONTRIBUTIONS Propaganda aims at influencing a target audience with a specific group agenda CUNLP participation at the NLP4IF workshop’s shared task for propaganda using faulty reasoning and/or emotional appeals. detection at both the sentence and fragment levels Automatic detection of propaganda has been studied mainly at the article Our best models: level. However, in order to build computational models that can explain why an Sentence-level Classification: Fine-tuned BERT classifier with modified article is propagandistic, the model would need to detect specific techniques probability thresholds for label prediction. present at sentence or even token level. Fragment-level Classification: BiLSTM-CRF tagger with stacked Flair, Glove, and Urban embeddings along with one-hot encoded features Sentence Level Classification Fragment Level Classification METHODS METHODS Labels - Models: fine-tuned BERT and Logistic Regression. - Model: BiLSTM-CRF tagger - Features: word embeddings, handcrafted features (LIWC and punctuation features), - Features: context: previous and next sentence BiLSTM CRF • Flair Contextualized Embeddings: using both forward - Predict the majority class (non-propaganda) only if it has a prediction probability > 0.70, and backward embeddings Model to deal with -
Breaking Down the Invisible Wall of Informal Fallacies in Online
Breaking Down the Invisible Wall of Informal Fallacies in Online Discussions Saumya Yashmohini Sahai Oana Balalau The Ohio State University, USA Inria, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France [email protected] [email protected] Roxana Horincar Thales Research & Technology, France [email protected] Abstract more appropriate. Fallacies are prevalent in public discourse. For example, The New York Times la- People debate on a variety of topics on online beled the tweets of Donald Trump between 2015 platforms such as Reddit, or Facebook. De- bates can be lengthy, with users exchanging and 2020 and found thousands of insults addressed a wealth of information and opinions. How- to his adversaries. If made in an argument, an in- ever, conversations do not always go smoothly, sult is an ad hominem fallacy: an attack on the and users sometimes engage in unsound argu- opponent rather than on their argument. In pri- mentation techniques to prove a claim. These vate conversations, other types of fallacies might techniques are called fallacies. Fallacies are be more prevalent, for example, appeal to tradition persuasive arguments that provide insufficient or appeal to nature. Appeal to tradition dismisses or incorrect evidence to support the claim. In calls to improve gender equality by stating that this paper, we study the most frequent falla- cies on Reddit, and we present them using “women have always occupied this place in soci- the pragma-dialectical theory of argumenta- ety”. Appeal to nature is often used to ignore calls tion. We construct a new annotated dataset of to be inclusive of the LGBTQ+ community by stat- fallacies, using user comments containing fal- ing “gender is binary”. -
The Rise of Antisemitism Online During the Pandemic
THE RISE OF ANTISEMITISM ONLINE DURING THE PANDEMIC A study of French and German content Prepared by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue April 2021, Contract number: JUST/2020/RRAC/PR/RIGH/0115 European Commission Directorate-General Justice and Consumers Directorate C – Fundamental rights and rule of law Unit C2 – Fundamental rights policy [email protected] This document was commissioned by the European Commission. The information and views set out herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this document. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for any use of the information provided here. More information on the European Union is available at: http://www.europa.eu Print ISBN 978-92-76-38013-9 doi:10.2838/408086 DS-02-21-656-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-76-38012-2 doi:10.2838/671381 DS-02-21-656-EN-N © European Union, 2021. Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented based on Commission Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). The European Commission is not liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse of this publication. For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union, permission may need to be sought directly from the respective right holders. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021 This report was prepared by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue.