NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM · Krapina · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10

Home , Gibraltar 1, Goyet Caves, Kents Cavern, Neanderthal Museum, Tito Bustillo Cave, Vogelherd Cave

Project Office Riesstraße 10 Phone +49 (0) 228 184967-25 Katrin Hieke 53113 Bonn [email protected] c/o projekt2508 GmbH Germany www.ice-age-europe.eu ICE AGE EUROPE 2 ICE AGE EUROPE 2 Network of Heritage Sites

The Ice Age is one of the most fas- Links must be urgently established ness on the conservation of Ice Age cinating periods in early human his- between sites, especially across heritage and to develop valorization tory. The foundations of our culture national borders, and collabora- programs, to exchange best practic- today were established during more tion between European cities and es for site management and museum than two million years of Ice Age regions is essential. Finally, there display and to encourage collabora- history; its relicts are among the key is evidence of an ever-increasing tion of all kinds, e.g. in the fields testimonies of our cultural heritage public interest in visiting culturally- of science, management, pedagogy, and of human development. significant sites. tourism and governance. These issues will be addressed As a new umbrella brand, the Some of the most important Ice Age within the framework of a Euro- network provides an opportunity to heritage sites are located in Europe, pean network and the potential of reach both well-established and new where human remains and rock this network will be developed and target groups across Europe. This art have been revealed, as well as promoted from a scientific, touristic will enhance the attractiveness of campsites and living areas contain- and governmental perspective. the network to external collabora- ing many exceptional finds. The im- tion partners and increase success portance of the sites is reflected in The Ice Age Europe network tells the in applying for funding programs as the fact that an increasing number story of Ice Age people in Europe well as a joint World Heritage Site. of them have been declared UNESCO and our Pleistocene cultural heritage World Heritage Sites. UNESCO has in space and time. 15 archaeological sites with Ice Age even launched a special program heritage and affiliated museums known as HEADS (Human Evolution: In order to learn about this herit- or visitor centers from 6 different Adaptations, Dispersals and Social age, we must first enhance its European countries are the founding Developments) to promote this Ice conservation and protection. The members of this network established Age heritage. network’s aims are to raise aware- in 2013.

ICE AGE EUROPE 4 5 Network of Heritage Sites

ICE AGE EUROPE 4 5 BELGIUM 1. PRÉHISTOMUSEUM · Flémalle · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8

CROATIA 2. KRAPINA NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM · Krapina · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10

FRANCE 3. PREHISTORY MUSEUM OF SOLUTRE · Solutré-Pouilly · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12 4. INTERNATIONAL CENTER OF PREHISTORY · Les Eyzies-de-Tayac · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14 5. ISTURITZ, OXOCELHAYA AND ERBERUA CAVES · Saint-Martin d’Arberoue · · · · · · · · · 16 6. THE MUSEUM OF NEANDERTHAL MAN · La Chapelle aux Saints · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18

GERMANY 7. MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY BLAUBEUREN · Blaubeuren · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20 8. NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM · Mettmann · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 22 18 9 9. PALÄON - RESEARCH AND EXPERIENCE CENTRE SCHÖNINGEN SPEARS· Schöningen · · · · 24 8 10. ARCHAEOPARK VOGELHERD · Niederstotzingen · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26 1 ITALY 11. FUMANE CAVE · Fumane · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 28

SPAIN 12. MUSEUM OF HUMAN EVOLUTION · Burgos · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30 7 10 13. NATIONAL MUSEUM AND RESEARCH CENTER OF ALTAMIRA · Santillana del Mar · · · · · · 32 3 14. CAVES OF SANTIMAMIÑE AND BIZKAIA MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY · Bizkaia · · · · · · · 34 15 6 13 4 15. TITO BUSTILLO RUPESTRIAN ART CENTRE · Ribadesella · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 36 14 16. EKAINBERRI - THE REPLICA OF THE EKAIN CAVE · Zestoa · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 38 16 11 2 5 12 UNITED KINGDOM 17. THE GIBRALTAR MUSEUM · Gibraltar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 40 18. KENTS CAVERN PREHISTORIC CAVES · Torquay · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 42

At the meanwhile 18 member sites, and overseas, in accordance with Europe will be developed into a a total of 350 personnel are dedicat- the requirements for their protec- European brand. All quality-oriented ed to the promotion of our common tion. Most international visitors sites in Europe with an adjoining 17 heritage – as scientists, managers, come from Europe, but nearly half museum or visitor center as well as curators or guides. Eleven of the of the sites welcome a significant all municipalities and local and gov- sites are funded by public bodies, number from all continents. Most ernment authorities concerned are four are in public-private partner- sites provide a wide range of offers invited to take part in the network. ships and three are run by private for these visitors, from information owners. in several languages to travel pack- For more information about the ages developed in collaboration with network and the sites please visit The sites attract no fewer than 1.4 tour operators. www.ice-age-europe.eu million visitors per year from Europe Within the next few years, Ice Age

ICE AGE EUROPE 6 7 BELGIUM 1. PRÉHISTOMUSEUM · Flémalle · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 8

CROATIA 2. KRAPINA NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM · Krapina · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10

ICE AGE EUROPE 6 7 It forges interactive links between nature, heritage, the sciences and the visitors. The museum examines the past to understand the present and to consider the future of mankind. Thanks to the original, attractive and pedagogical experience-enactments, the visitor not only observes the prehistory from the outside, but experiments it with his 5 senses and with the related emotions. To accomplish this, the museum is not confined in a building preserv- ing archaeological collections. It includes a discovery trail through 30 hectares full of unique experiences. Every visitor maps out his own path, PRÉHISTOMUSEUM plans his own trip through time, pic- Flémalle, Liège / Belgium turing another image of Prehistory. tion, study and documentation, the remains evoke wonder and reflection Nature is indissolubly linked to laboratory of experimental archae- upon mankind and its heritage. This PRÉHISTOMUSEUM Located at the archaeological site Prehistory. Walking in the open air, ology and the vegetal labyrinth of heritage in all its forms is unveiled Rue de la grotte 128 of the cave of Ramioul, in the heart smelling the earth, listening to the evolution here in its richness and complexity. B-4400 Flémalle of a forest, the Préhistomuseum forest and observing the animals: take the visitors into places of a Belgium extends over 30 hectares. Situated this was the daily life of our ances- kind usually closed to them, drawing In archaeological workshops, the in the valley of the Meuse, it forms tors. The Préhistomuseum invites to them in its experiments and chang- sciences become a children's game. Further information at the link between the numerous three experiences to vividly feel the ing their vision about the develop- In the heart of the restaurant, www.prehisto.museum archaeological sites which surround ties which unite Man with Nature: ment of science. nature is being eaten. With a fully this river: from Engis, where the first The barefoot path, the paths of archaeo-compatible menu, visitors bones of Neanderthals in the world prehistoric hunting and the animals Four different and complementary taste the entire history of the food. were discovered in 1829, to the and plants of the first farmers. experiments are devoted to the In fifteen workshops, guided by splendid caves of Goyet. question of heritage: the archaeo- archaeologists, the visitors become The collections and scientific logical site, the walk around the flint knappers, prehistoric painters, research are the foundations of our cave, the best of the collections engravers, sculptors, fire makers, The Préhistomuseum is an archaeo- knowledge of Prehistory. Through its and the ephemeral modern art. The artisans ... Prehistory comes alive logical museum of a new type and international research programs, the protected and displayed prehistoric again in their hands! will open its doors in summer 2015. museums department of conserva-

ICE AGE EUROPE PRÉHISTOMUSEUM 8 9 It forges interactive links between nature, heritage, the sciences and the visitors. The museum examines the past to understand the present and to consider the future of mankind. Thanks to the original, attractive and pedagogical experience-enactments, the visitor not only observes the prehistory from the outside, but experiments it with his 5 senses and with the related emotions. To accomplish this, the museum is not confined in a building preserv- ing archaeological collections. It includes a discovery trail through 30 hectares full of unique experiences. Every visitor maps out his own path, PRÉHISTOMUSEUM plans his own trip through time, pic- Flémalle, Liège / Belgium turing another image of Prehistory. tion, study and documentation, the remains evoke wonder and reflection Nature is indissolubly linked to laboratory of experimental archae- upon mankind and its heritage. This PRÉHISTOMUSEUM Located at the archaeological site Prehistory. Walking in the open air, ology and the vegetal labyrinth of heritage in all its forms is unveiled Rue de la grotte 128 of the cave of Ramioul, in the heart smelling the earth, listening to the evolution here in its richness and complexity. B-4400 Flémalle of a forest, the Préhistomuseum forest and observing the animals: take the visitors into places of a Belgium extends over 30 hectares. Situated this was the daily life of our ances- kind usually closed to them, drawing In archaeological workshops, the in the valley of the Meuse, it forms tors. The Préhistomuseum invites to them in its experiments and chang- sciences become a children's game. Further information at the link between the numerous three experiences to vividly feel the ing their vision about the develop- In the heart of the restaurant, www.prehisto.museum archaeological sites which surround ties which unite Man with Nature: ment of science. nature is being eaten. With a fully this river: from Engis, where the first The barefoot path, the paths of archaeo-compatible menu, visitors bones of Neanderthals in the world prehistoric hunting and the animals Four different and complementary taste the entire history of the food. were discovered in 1829, to the and plants of the first farmers. experiments are devoted to the In fifteen workshops, guided by splendid caves of Goyet. question of heritage: the archaeo- archaeologists, the visitors become The collections and scientific logical site, the walk around the flint knappers, prehistoric painters, research are the foundations of our cave, the best of the collections engravers, sculptors, fire makers, The Préhistomuseum is an archaeo- knowledge of Prehistory. Through its and the ephemeral modern art. The artisans ... Prehistory comes alive logical museum of a new type and international research programs, the protected and displayed prehistoric again in their hands! will open its doors in summer 2015. museums department of conserva-

ICE AGE EUROPE PRÉHISTOMUSEUM 8 9 lasted for six years, directed by the The Museum is located in north-west well-known Croatian scientist Dragu- Croatia in the town of Krapina, the tin Gorjanovi´c-Kramberger. centre of Krapina-Zagorje County, about 50 km from Zagreb. The location and the innovative architecture of the new Krapina The museum exhibition is intended Neanderthal Museum, inaugurated in for both individuals and groups, 2010, correspond to the importance enabling visitors of all age groups of the site, making it a monument interactive communication with the to both the Croatian and the world’s museum objects through multimedia natural and cultural heritage. The elements. The interactive elements innovative multimedia display at the were developed especially for the world famous Neanderthal discovery use by families, as the museum aims site presents the still mysterious to stimulate visits by this particular path of human evolution and the visitor segment. history of life on earth in a fascinat- Considering the complex themes ing manner. After the exciting tour the museum presents, guided tours supplement knowledge from individ- attendees become true investigators through the Krapina Neanderthal are arranged for various age groups ual fields. They can make artifacts, and become acquainted with the KRAPINA NEANDERTHAL Museum the visitor enters the path depending on their individual knowl- light a fire by using flints or manu- work of paleontologist and geolo- to the original site of discovery of edge and audio-guides are available facture the clothing of the Neander- gist. The entire project was achieved MUSEUM the primeval habitat of the ancient in eight languages. Visitors are also thals from Krapina. Best known is in cooperation with numerous Krapina, Zagreb / Croatia Neanderthals. offered specialized workshops that the Summer Geology School, whose renowned institutions throughout the world and scientists in the field KRANEAMUS The site where the Krapina Ne- of human evolution, which give the MUZEJ KRAPINSKIH NEANDERTALACA anderthals were discovered, on excavated and exhibited material Šetalište Vilibalda Sluge bb Hušnjakovo Hill, is one of the most a particularly elevated educational 49 000 Krapina important paleoanthropological sites and scientific weight. The museum Croatia in the world, with the most numer- cooperates with the local commu- ous finds of Neanderthal man in nity, creating mutual advertising Further information at one place. Some 900 fossil bones of material and organizing cultural and www.mkn.mhz.hr Neanderthals were found, belonging tourist events and stimulates local to eighty-some individuals, along partners to the further develop- with around 1.200 stone artifacts ment of additional services that are and several thousand fossil remains related to the museum exhibition. of Pleistocene animals. The site was discovered in 1899 and the geological and paleontological excavations

ICE AGE EUROPE KRAPINA NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM 10 11 lasted for six years, directed by the The Museum is located in north-west well-known Croatian scientist Dragu- Croatia in the town of Krapina, the tin Gorjanovi´c-Kramberger. centre of Krapina-Zagorje County, about 50 km from Zagreb. The location and the innovative architecture of the new Krapina The museum exhibition is intended Neanderthal Museum, inaugurated in for both individuals and groups, 2010, correspond to the importance enabling visitors of all age groups of the site, making it a monument interactive communication with the to both the Croatian and the world’s museum objects through multimedia natural and cultural heritage. The elements. The interactive elements innovative multimedia display at the were developed especially for the world famous Neanderthal discovery use by families, as the museum aims site presents the still mysterious to stimulate visits by this particular path of human evolution and the visitor segment. history of life on earth in a fascinat- Considering the complex themes ing manner. After the exciting tour the museum presents, guided tours supplement knowledge from individ- attendees become true investigators through the Krapina Neanderthal are arranged for various age groups ual fields. They can make artifacts, and become acquainted with the KRAPINA NEANDERTHAL Museum the visitor enters the path depending on their individual knowl- light a fire by using flints or manu- work of paleontologist and geolo- to the original site of discovery of edge and audio-guides are available facture the clothing of the Neander- gist. The entire project was achieved MUSEUM the primeval habitat of the ancient in eight languages. Visitors are also thals from Krapina. Best known is in cooperation with numerous Krapina, Zagreb / Croatia Neanderthals. offered specialized workshops that the Summer Geology School, whose renowned institutions throughout the world and scientists in the field KRANEAMUS The site where the Krapina Ne- of human evolution, which give the MUZEJ KRAPINSKIH NEANDERTALACA anderthals were discovered, on excavated and exhibited material Šetalište Vilibalda Sluge bb Hušnjakovo Hill, is one of the most a particularly elevated educational 49 000 Krapina important paleoanthropological sites and scientific weight. The museum Croatia in the world, with the most numer- cooperates with the local commu- ous finds of Neanderthal man in nity, creating mutual advertising Further information at one place. Some 900 fossil bones of material and organizing cultural and www.mkn.mhz.hr Neanderthals were found, belonging tourist events and stimulates local to eighty-some individuals, along partners to the further develop- with around 1.200 stone artifacts ment of additional services that are and several thousand fossil remains related to the museum exhibition. of Pleistocene animals. The site was discovered in 1899 and the geological and paleontological excavations

ICE AGE EUROPE KRAPINA NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM 10 11 of the high rock by hunters. Solutré has given the name “Solu- trean” to a distinct culture of the Upper Palaeolithic, which the mar- vellous “laurel-leaf” shaped flints have made famous.

Laid out on the excavation site, the archaeological and botanical gardens complete the visit of the museum. It offers a great variety of plant species typical of the natural environment and results of archaeo- landscape and its preservation, tour- via the A6 motorway, exit N°29 Mou- and Vergission providing a wonderful logical research. Access is provided ist services, a shop, a picnic room, a lins/ Mâcon, following the signs to view over the entire Saone valley, via the museum. restaurant area and toilet facilities Loché TGV station and then Solutré. it´s rich heritage and renowned are amongst the extensive offers to The Mâcon-Loché TGV high-speed vineyards the Solutré-Pouilly-Ver- Situated in the commune of Solu- visitors, complemented by year- railway station is only 10 min away. gisson region in Southern Burgundy tré, the Maison du Grand Site is a round activities such as conferences, has a lot to offer for visitors of all PREHISTORY MUSEUM reception and information center shows, tours, workshops for children With its outstanding and novel ages. for visitors. A permanent exhibition and adults. landscape, dominated by the unique space devoted to the history of the OF SOLUTRE Solutré can easily be reached by car silhouettes of the Rocks of Solutré Solutré-Pouilly, Mâcon / France

MUSÉE DÉPARTEMENTAL Situated at the foot of the Rock of DE PRÉHISTOIRE Solutré, a rare geological phenom- 71 960 Solutré-Pouilly enon of the region, the museum France presents the collections of one of the richest prehistoric sites in Europe: an exceptional hunting site Further information at visited by prehistoric men for more www.solutre.com than 25.000 years, who came there to hunt thousands of horses and reindeer. They left behind an accumulation of bones, which were, following the famous legend now proved to be untrue, remains of horses being chased over the edge

ICE AGE EUROPE PREHISTORY MUSEUM OF SOLUTRE 12 13 of the high rock by hunters. Solutré has given the name “Solu- trean” to a distinct culture of the Upper Palaeolithic, which the mar- vellous “laurel-leaf” shaped flints have made famous.

ICE AGE EUROPE PREHISTORY MUSEUM OF SOLUTRE 12 13 in archaeology for school groups, providing a place for reading and studying through books and new technologies and the organization of cultural and scientific events.

The permanent exhibition at the Center is devoted to the presentation of the prehistory of the Vezere Valley. It offers original media and innovative scenography for a available for groups. This scenario- to screenings of films and docu- The Center plays the leading role first approach to prehistory, using based ensemble, integrating the mentaries and provides a facility for in a major project transforming the hyper-realistic reconstitutions of principal archaeological data of the conferences, colloquia and seminars territory into the largest prehis- prehistoric men, short documenta-

Daniel Schmitt Metapraxis · Pôle International de la Préhistoire de International Pôle · Schmitt Metapraxis Daniel Vezere Valley, also offers training as well as concerts or plays on the toric site in Europe and one of the © ries projected on giant screens, 3 D courses for guides and teachers on theme of prehistory. foremost destinations in the world models and touch-sensitive screens. the subject of prehistory. for Prehistory. Several workshops on archaeological In addition, cultural, artistic and The site, run by a Public Estab- sciences are conducted in the learn- educative exhibitions about prehis- lishment for Cultural Cooperation INTERNATIONAL CENTER ing zone, which features the recon- tory and the Vézère Valley are hosted (EPCC), covers a total of 16,000m². struction of an archaeological site, in the temporary exhibit hall. It includes parking areas, a land- OF PREHISTORY field laboratories and study rooms The 230 seat auditorium is dedicated scaped park providing access to Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, Bordeaux / France the Center over a long footbridge crossing the streams, and the build- PÔLE INTERNATIONAL In the very heart of 400.000 years ing itself. The architect Raphaël DE LA PRÉHISTOIRE of the history mankind the Interna- Voinchet (Cabinet W. Architectures 30, rue du Moulin tional Center of Prehistory, open to in Toulouse) conceived a dynamic 24620 Les Eyzies-de-Tayac the public since July 2010, is meant and innovative building that seems France to promote the world heritage of to blend with the cliff face, with its the Vézère Valley with its many two discrete levels laid out at the Further information at major prehistoric sites, among which foot of this striking natural back- www.pole-prehistoire.com fifteen are listed as UNESCO World drop. The building does not impose Heritage Sites. itself on the site, but simply inhab- It fulfils several functions for the its it, thus respecting the natural general public: welcoming visitors environment. and providing them with information on the subject of prehistory, Daniel Schmitt Metapraxis · Pôle International de la Préhistoire de International Pôle · Schmitt Metapraxis Daniel

conducting educational programs ©

ICE AGE EUROPE INTERNATIONAL CENTER OF PREHISTORY 14 15 in archaeology for school groups, providing a place for reading and studying through books and new technologies and the organization of cultural and scientific events.

ICE AGE EUROPE INTERNATIONAL CENTER OF PREHISTORY 14 15 a portrait of daily life during that 30.000 year long period: the use of the caves and it surroundings as hunting sites and gathering places, thus shedding light on topics like prehistoric socialisation, prehistoric economics and much more. Even today, numerous researchers are busy at the caves. Besides archaeologists and geologists also visual artists, acoustics specialists and musicians are seeking inspiration for their con- temporary research and creation.

Isturitz is famous for the discovery of a series of prehistoric flutes dating from the Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian to the Magdalenian, ISTURITZ, OXOCELHAYA about 35.000 to 10 000 BC). The plate (Magdalenian), heads of spear highlights all the various elements Périgordien period accounts for two throwers made of reindeer antler and showcases the immense wealth thirds of the discoveries. Among AND ERBERUA CAVES from the Middle Magdalenian and and long existence of humanity. Saint-Martin d’Arberoue, Bayonne / France them are also bone harpoons, an impressive series of ornamental The museum runs events and offers figurines of bison on a sandstone objects made of different material. tours and workshops covering dif- GROTTES D’ISTURITZ From 1913 to the present day, the The caves also contain carvings and ferent topics both at the site and ET D’OXOCELHAYA superimposed caves of Isturitz, cave paintings. Isturitz features a in schools and institutions in the 64 640 Saint Martin d’Arberoue Oxocelhaya and Erberua have been bas-relief pillar and deep etchings surrounding departments. France inexhaustible sources of knowledge depicting deer, wolverines and other about humans from Neanderthals to subjects, whilst the cave walls in The caves are located in the Basque Further information at Homo sapiens as long ago as 80.000 Oxocelhaya boast etched bison and Country in the Aquitaine region www.grottes-isturitz.com years. horses. of Southwest France. 30 min away Throughout the 20th century and from Bayonne, Biarritz and Saint- into the 21st, the three caves have Both Isturitz and Oxocelhaya are Jean-Pied-de-Port, they are part of attracted experts from diverse back- today accessible to the general a perfect day trip to the beautiful grounds interested especially in the public. A visit to the caves and the Arberoue Valley and Gaztelu Hill. Upper Palaeolithic layers. Through museum at the site, run by a non- their various specialisations, ar- profit association founded in 2007, chaeologists have helped to paint

ICE AGE EUROPE ISTURITZ, OXOCELHAYA AND ERBERUA CAVES 16 17 a portrait of daily life during that 30.000 year long period: the use of the caves and it surroundings as hunting sites and gathering places, thus shedding light on topics like prehistoric socialisation, prehistoric economics and much more. Even today, numerous researchers are busy at the caves. Besides archaeologists and geologists also visual artists, acoustics specialists and musicians are seeking inspiration for their con- temporary research and creation.

ICE AGE EUROPE ISTURITZ, OXOCELHAYA AND ERBERUA CAVES 16 17 then became famous: the man from La Chapelle aux Saints is the missing link between ape and man! Subsequently, he was depicted in an archaic form.

In 1984, Professor Jean Louis Heim studied the skull again and proved that the first conclusions were not correct. In fact, the Neandertal man looks more like a man than an ape, he walked more upright than what was first thought and he was very well able to speak. Today, the man from La Chapelle aux Saints is an international reference in the field of archeology, anthropology and hu- THE MUSEUM OF man evolution. In 1996, a museum has been cre- to meet cartoonists, fiction writers The museum is ideally located NEANDERTHAL MAN ated presenting the history of the and scientists all in one place. The within an attractive tourist destina- La Chapelle aux Saints, Limoges / France discovery, human evolution and the public appreciates to discuss the tion, being only 15 minutes away Neanderthal man. Since then, the various topics with the authors and from Collonges la Rouge or Padirac MUSÉE DE L’HOMME DE NÉANDERTAL It was in La Chapelle aux Saints, museum actively promotes and de- listen to talks and presentations. and quite close to the Vezere Valley 19120 La Chapelle aux Saints in the department of Correze in velops a cultural program dedicated In 2013, the Literary Award “Prix and its great prehistoric sites such France the South West of France, that to visitors of all ages: guided tours, Prehistoire Jean Pierre VILLE” was as Lascaux. The museum can be three brothers named Bouyssonie Stone Age workshops for schools created in order to encourage writ- reached by car via the A20 motor- Further information at discovered on the 3rd of August in and families, conferences, the Euro- ers and promote prehistory. way (exit 52) following the direc- www.neandertal-musee.org 1908 the first entire skeleton of a pean Prehistoric Weapon Champion- tion of Collonges la Rouge. The Neanderthal man and one of the first ship and the “Great Weekend of the The museum was built by the village Brive Vallée de la Dordogne Airport burial sites ever found. Prehistory” with a book fair. This of la Chapelle aux Saints, but is now and Brive train station are only 30 unique book fair is dedicated to also partly supported by the Euro- minutes away. After its discovery, the skeleton books about Prehistory, which takes pean Council, the French State, the was analyzed by Marcellin Boule, place on the first weekend of August region, the local territories and the professor of paleontology at the and is a great occasion to gather tourist offices. In 2012, the museum Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle people who are passionate about has won two regional awards for in Paris. He published a study which Prehistory. It’s one of few occasions tourism and cultural associations.

ICE AGE EUROPE THE MUSEUM OF NEANDERTHAL MAN 18 19 then became famous: the man from La Chapelle aux Saints is the missing link between ape and man! Subsequently, he was depicted in an archaic form.

ICE AGE EUROPE THE MUSEUM OF NEANDERTHAL MAN 18 19 and bird bones. With an age of The museum is operated by the The museum has a strong link to the The museum offers an extensive 35.000 up to 40.000 years they be- foundation “Urgeschichtliches prehistoric department of the Uni- educational program for schools, long to the oldest records of art and Museum + Galerie 40tausend Jahre versity of Tübingen, the chair of kindergarten groups and adults, in- are the oldest evidence for music Kunst Blaubeuren”. The federal state the department being the scientific cluding guided tours and workshops instruments worldwide. of Baden-Württemberg decided that director of the museum. The museum using Stone Age tools and materials. the Museum is the State Museum expenses are covered by the foun- These hands-on-experiences are a The Museum for Prehistory for Paleolithic times, a branch of dations income as well as through well-known feature of the museum Blaubeuren is specialized in ice the Archaeological State Museum. grants from the city of Blaubeuren exhibitions, workshops and museum age art. It presents the daily life Additionally, an application for the and the administrative district Alb- events. of ice age hunters and gatherers as nomination of the prehistoric sites Donau-Kreis. The museum and its well as treasure rooms displaying around Blaubeuren as UNESCO World exhibitions attract more than 20.000 the extraordinary Ice Age art from Heritage is in preparation. visitors each year. the Swabian Alb region. Addition- ally, each year a temporary exhibition covers a selected aspect of Paleolithic culture and life. After a significant enlargment in 2014, the famous Venus figure from the MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY Hohle Fels cave is presented to the BLAUBEUREN visitors. Blaubeuren, Ulm / Germany The museum can be reached by car via the A8 motorway, exit Merklin- URGESCHICHTLICHES MUSEUM Around the town of Blaubeuren in gen or Ulm-West. The local train BLAUBEUREN the karst landscape of the Swabian station of Blaubeuren is just 1 Kirchplatz 10, 89143 Blaubeuren Alb, the valleys of the rivers Ach, Kilometer away from the museum; Germany Blau and Lone are located. In sev- Stuttgart Airport can be reached eral caves in these valleys archeolo- within one hour. Further information at gists discovered former habitats of www.urmu.de Neanderthals and anatomic modern humans from the middle and upper Paleolithic. The most important and famous finds are the examples of figurative art from the Aurignacian, carved from mammoth ivory, and several music instruments made from ivory

ICE AGE EUROPE MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY BLAUBEUREN 20 21 and bird bones. With an age of The museum is operated by the The museum has a strong link to the The museum offers an extensive 35.000 up to 40.000 years they be- foundation “Urgeschichtliches prehistoric department of the Uni- educational program for schools, long to the oldest records of art and Museum + Galerie 40tausend Jahre versity of Tübingen, the chair of kindergarten groups and adults, in- are the oldest evidence for music Kunst Blaubeuren”. The federal state the department being the scientific cluding guided tours and workshops instruments worldwide. of Baden-Württemberg decided that director of the museum. The museum using Stone Age tools and materials. the Museum is the State Museum expenses are covered by the foun- These hands-on-experiences are a The Museum for Prehistory for Paleolithic times, a branch of dations income as well as through well-known feature of the museum Blaubeuren is specialized in ice the Archaeological State Museum. grants from the city of Blaubeuren exhibitions, workshops and museum age art. It presents the daily life Additionally, an application for the and the administrative district Alb- events. of ice age hunters and gatherers as nomination of the prehistoric sites Donau-Kreis. The museum and its well as treasure rooms displaying around Blaubeuren as UNESCO World exhibitions attract more than 20.000 the extraordinary Ice Age art from Heritage is in preparation. visitors each year. the Swabian Alb region. Addition- ally, each year a temporary exhibition covers a selected aspect of Paleolithic culture and life. After a significant enlargment in 2014, the famous Venus figure from the MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY Hohle Fels cave is presented to the BLAUBEUREN visitors. Blaubeuren, Ulm / Germany The museum can be reached by car via the A8 motorway, exit Merklin- URGESCHICHTLICHES MUSEUM Around the town of Blaubeuren in gen or Ulm-West. The local train BLAUBEUREN the karst landscape of the Swabian station of Blaubeuren is just 1 Kirchplatz 10, 89143 Blaubeuren Alb, the valleys of the rivers Ach, Kilometer away from the museum; Germany Blau and Lone are located. In sev- Stuttgart Airport can be reached eral caves in these valleys archeolo- within one hour. Further information at gists discovered former habitats of www.urmu.de Neanderthals and anatomic modern humans from the middle and upper Paleolithic. The most important and famous finds are the examples of figurative art from the Aurignacian, carved from mammoth ivory, and several music instruments made from ivory

ICE AGE EUROPE MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY BLAUBEUREN 20 21 In addition to a visit to the mu- The museum is operated by the seum, the site of the Neanderthal Neanderthal Museum Foundation and discovery and the nearby Ice Age is only partly supported by public game reserve is also worth a visit. funds. Most of the museum‘s ex- Wild horses, aurochs and bison were penses are covered by entrance fees successfully bred here. and sales proceeds. 150.000 people visit the museum and its exhibitions The museum can be reached by car every year. via the A3 motorway, exit Hilden/ Hochdahl, as well as the A46, exit The museum’s successful special Haan-West. Additionally, the local exhibitions cover a wide range of transport authority, the VRR, runs cultural historical topics. Some of the S 28 and S 8 train services in them are travelling exhibitions that the area. Both lines run in close tour through museums all over Ger- vicinity to the museum and offer many and abroad. an attractive alternative. Airport Duesseldorf International is only 30 NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM min away. Mettmann, Düsseldorf / Germany

STIFTUNG NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM The Neanderthal Museum is an The museum’s Stone Age work- institution. In addition to partici- Talstr. 300, 40822 Mettmann extraordinary attraction providing an shop offers workshops, Stone Age pating in international excavations Germany explorative experience in the heart birthday parties and courses. Around and research projects, the Museum of North Rhine Westphalia, right 25.000 visitors have fun in discover- hosts the world’s largest database Further information at at the spot where the legendary ing Stone Age skills every year. for glacial archaeology: NESPOS. www.neanderthal.de Neanderthal bones were discovered. The museum has become a success- International conferences are held The museum narrates the story of ful brand, inspiring large customer which generate interdisciplinary human evolution and along with its circles. The brand includes customer contacts and spark new ideas and exhibition has won many national communication, a successful shop perspectives. and international awards. Not least with a reseller product line and the because of its modern presentations development of our digital brand with impressively staged exhibits, through social media activities and audio material, films and interactive a smartphone App. PCs, visitors of all ages will have an exciting and unforgettable museum The Neanderthal Museum is an visit. internationally recognized research

ICE AGE EUROPE NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM 22 23 In addition to a visit to the mu- The museum is operated by the seum, the site of the Neanderthal Neanderthal Museum Foundation and discovery and the nearby Ice Age is only partly supported by public game reserve is also worth a visit. funds. Most of the museum‘s ex- Wild horses, aurochs and bison were penses are covered by entrance fees successfully bred here. and sales proceeds. 150.000 people visit the museum and its exhibitions The museum can be reached by car every year. via the A3 motorway, exit Hilden/ Hochdahl, as well as the A46, exit The museum’s successful special Haan-West. Additionally, the local exhibitions cover a wide range of transport authority, the VRR, runs cultural historical topics. Some of the S 28 and S 8 train services in them are travelling exhibitions that the area. Both lines run in close tour through museums all over Ger- vicinity to the museum and offer many and abroad. an attractive alternative. Airport Duesseldorf International is only 30 NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM min away. Mettmann, Düsseldorf / Germany

ICE AGE EUROPE NEANDERTHAL MUSEUM 22 23 a vivid image of the way of living of the original excavation site, a spear The center can be reached by car early humans in northern Germany. throwing range, several activity via the A2 motorway, exit Marien- Children and adults alike can active- areas and a playground for children born / Helmstedt or Helmstedt Zen- ly conduct their own experiments offer a family-friendly experience. A trum. Additionally, the local trans- in a visitor laboratory. In addition, café with patio invites to relax while port authority KVG runs a bus line special exhibitions on natural and enjoying the scenery and the view from the main station in Helmstedt cultural history complement the of the open-cast mine. to the paläon. visitor experience. The museum is situated in a large The paläon is an officially approved park area, which offers additional off-campus learning center, offering attractions to the visitors. A herd an extensive program of courses and preyed on a herd of wild horses - of wild horses grazes on grasslands workshops on Stone Age archaeol- and left behind eight wooden spears, near a small lake as their predeces- ogy, ecology and evolution for the oldest unambiguous hunting sors did over 300.000 years ago, children and adults. The workshops weapons ever recovered. The paläon while on a neighboring area a take place in indoor seminar rooms is located in the immediate vicin- wooden biotope conveys the picture and at a covered shelter in the park. ity of the archaeological site and of a warmer period, when rhinos and In addition, the center offers rooms opened its doors in June 2013. elephants roamed the countryside. and an auditorium for meetings, PALÄON - RESEARCH Walkways through the park and to conventions, events and festivities. The center encompasses two main AND EXPERIENCE CENTER components, the research and the exhibition department. SCHÖNINGEN SPEARS Archaeological finds from the ongo- Schöningen, Braunschweig / Germany ing excavations will be studied by specialists in the research facilities. PALÄON The open-cast lignite mine of Any research conducted in the center FORSCHUNGS- UND ERLEBNIS- Schöningen is one of the most im- will be made available to the public ZENTRUM SCHÖNINGER SPEERE portant archaeological sites for the by allowing close-up experience of Paläon 1, 38364 Schöningen Paleolithic in the world. To a depth the adventure of science at both the Germany of more than 100 meters the mine excavation site and in laboratory enables a unique view of human rooms designed to be observable. development and climatic change. The exhibition is centered around Further information at The most exciting discovery proved the archaeological treasures discov- www.palaeon.de to be a hunting camp on the shores ered in the mine. The original finds, of an ancient lake. Over 300.000 the visualization of the former scen- years ago Palaeolithic hunters ery and a panorama cinema convey

ICE AGE EUROPE PALÄON - RESEARCH AND EXPERIENCE CENTER SCHÖNINGEN SPEARS 24 25 a vivid image of the way of living of the original excavation site, a spear The center can be reached by car early humans in northern Germany. throwing range, several activity via the A2 motorway, exit Marien- Children and adults alike can active- areas and a playground for children born / Helmstedt or Helmstedt Zen- ly conduct their own experiments offer a family-friendly experience. A trum. Additionally, the local trans- in a visitor laboratory. In addition, café with patio invites to relax while port authority KVG runs a bus line special exhibitions on natural and enjoying the scenery and the view from the main station in Helmstedt cultural history complement the of the open-cast mine. to the paläon. visitor experience. The museum is situated in a large The paläon is an officially approved park area, which offers additional off-campus learning center, offering attractions to the visitors. A herd an extensive program of courses and preyed on a herd of wild horses - of wild horses grazes on grasslands workshops on Stone Age archaeol- and left behind eight wooden spears, near a small lake as their predeces- ogy, ecology and evolution for the oldest unambiguous hunting sors did over 300.000 years ago, children and adults. The workshops weapons ever recovered. The paläon while on a neighboring area a take place in indoor seminar rooms is located in the immediate vicin- wooden biotope conveys the picture and at a covered shelter in the park. ity of the archaeological site and of a warmer period, when rhinos and In addition, the center offers rooms opened its doors in June 2013. elephants roamed the countryside. and an auditorium for meetings, PALÄON - RESEARCH Walkways through the park and to conventions, events and festivities. The center encompasses two main AND EXPERIENCE CENTER components, the research and the exhibition department. SCHÖNINGEN SPEARS Archaeological finds from the ongo- Schöningen, Braunschweig / Germany ing excavations will be studied by specialists in the research facilities. PALÄON The open-cast lignite mine of Any research conducted in the center FORSCHUNGS- UND ERLEBNIS- Schöningen is one of the most im- will be made available to the public ZENTRUM SCHÖNINGER SPEERE portant archaeological sites for the by allowing close-up experience of Paläon 1, 38364 Schöningen Paleolithic in the world. To a depth the adventure of science at both the Germany of more than 100 meters the mine excavation site and in laboratory enables a unique view of human rooms designed to be observable. development and climatic change. The exhibition is centered around Further information at The most exciting discovery proved the archaeological treasures discov- www.palaeon.de to be a hunting camp on the shores ered in the mine. The original finds, of an ancient lake. Over 300.000 the visualization of the former scen- years ago Palaeolithic hunters ery and a panorama cinema convey

ICE AGE EUROPE PALÄON - RESEARCH AND EXPERIENCE CENTER SCHÖNINGEN SPEARS 24 25 music, were proposed for the list of UNESCO world cultural heritage.

The sensational discovery of Ice Age animal sculptures in the Vogelherd cave by Prof. G. Riek in 1931 put the Lone valley in the center of both scientific and also public attention for the first time. But only the spectacular success of the excavations in 2006 lead by Prof. Nicholas J. Conard, which revealed a sculpture of an Ice Age mammoth, lead to the construction of the Archaeopark, which makes this cultural heritage accessible to a wide audience. The than 50 hours of work were needed, covered hill, fitting nicely in the Accompanying information is avail- mammoth from the Vogelherd cave which shows the importance of this landscape of the Lone valley. The able via the Vogelherd App for both is considered the oldest completely figure for the artist. The mammoth visitors enter the center by crossing Android and iOS. The Archaeopark ARCHAEOPARK preserved figurative art in human is on display at the visitor center of a narrow entrance through the hill Vogelherd offers great learning history. Its age is estimated at the Archaeopark Vogelherd. and find themselves in an arrange- programs for kids, school classes, VOGELHERD 35.000 to 40.000 years. For the The visitor center bears resemblance ment of bright and open rooms. families and adults. Guided tours are Niederstotzingen, Ulm / Germany production of the mammoth more to a cave, hidden under a grass- From here, a glass front is facing the offered individually tailored to meet cave site of Vogelherd, revealing an the needs of groups up to 25 partici- ARCHAEOPARK VOGELHERD From the time of Neanderthals until impressive view of the cave. On the pants. Workshops and special events Am Vogelherd 1 the late Ice Age, the Vogelherd cave inside, the center presents stunning are held on a regular basis, dates 89168 Niederstotzingen-Stetten near Niederstotzingen exhibits a aspects of the Stone Age world. are announced on the park`s website Germany nearly complete, approx. 100.000 On approx. 30.000 m², the outdoor www.archaeopark-vogelherd.de. year long history of settlement. It area presents Stone Age not in the Further information at is one of the most important and conventional way, instead the visi- The park can be easily accessed www.archaeopark-vogelherd.de outstanding discovery sites for the tor can undertake an adventurous by car via Autobahn A7 Ulm- Aurignacian. Here a large amount investigation and make his very own Würzburg, exit Niederstotzingen. and a great variety of artefacts personal experience. The different By train, the park can be reached from the time between 35.000 and stages on round trips around the from Ulm main station, direction 40.000 years ago were found. The park invite our visitors to experi- Heidenheim, get off at Niederstotz- caves in the valleys of the Ach and ences Stone Age life. A variety of ingen. From their, bus lines No. 59 Lone rivers, which revealed the typical plants as well as animal and 7203 are leading to the park. earliest evidence of human art and sounds and traces can be discovered.

ICE AGE EUROPE ARCHAEOPARK VOGELHERD 26 27 music, were proposed for the list of UNESCO world cultural heritage.

ICE AGE EUROPE ARCHAEOPARK VOGELHERD 26 27 of huge collapses which during the University of Ferrara under the pa- manufactured stone tools, butchered Late Pleistocene affected the mas- tronage of the Superintendence for ungulates, carnivores and birds, and sive rock banks and the dismantling the Archeological Heritage. After an treated hides and pelts. From the phases mostly caused by freezing ancient landslide which completely Aurignacian up, dwelling structures, and thawing. obstructed the external vault was lithic assemblages, bone and antler After a first exploration carried out removed in 1996, a sheltered area of tools, painted stones and pierced by the Natural History Museum of almost 60 sq m was brought to light molluscan shells mark the arrival Verona in 1964, the site has been and extensive digging began, with of the first Anatomically Modern the object of a new series of investi- the aim of investigating evidence of Humans into this region with a gations since 1988, bringing to light the last Neanderthals and the first clear discontinuity with the former an impressive sequence of Middle anatomically modern humans. cultural entities. Neverheless, the and Upper Paleolithic levels. The Grotta di Fumane makes this possi- archeological evidence prove that sequence documents the main cli- ble, thanks to the abundance of well also Neanderthals achieved a level matic events which occurred during preserved remains in several finely of behavioral complexity that was the last glacial cycle from 90.000 to stratified archaeological layers. not culturally transmitted or mim- 30.000 years ago and affected the Thousands of flint flakes and cores, icked via incoming modern humans. human settlement. bones, teeth, charcoal, worked peb- The cave is now open to the public Excavations are conducted on a bles, bone retouchers and hammers after security measures have been FUMANE CAVE regular basis every year by the prove that Neanderthals lighted fire, implemented in 2005. Visitors are Fumane, Verona / Italy allowed to the entrance of the cave also when archaeological fieldwork FUMANE HALL To challenge the crucial, cognitive takes place and view the sections Viale Roma, 2 and behavioural difference between showing the finely layered Paleo- 37022 Fumane Neanderthals and anatomically lithic sequence. Italy modern humans, archaeological Not far away, at the village of evidence must be produced from Sant’Anna d’Alfaedo, a selection of reliable sites. This is the case of the most relevant findings is perma- Further information at Grotta di Fumane, a cave set at the nently exhibited at the Palaeonto- www.grottadifumane.eu base of a rock cliff at 350 m a.s.l. logical and Archaeological Museum. on the southern edge of the Veneto Pre-Alps, in the North of Italy. The cave belongs to a fossil karst complex system probably composed of several cavities and tunnels excavated in dolomitic limestone. The present-day morphology of this site is a result of the combined action

ICE AGE EUROPE FUMANE CAVE 28 29 of huge collapses which during the University of Ferrara under the pa- manufactured stone tools, butchered Late Pleistocene affected the mas- tronage of the Superintendence for ungulates, carnivores and birds, and sive rock banks and the dismantling the Archeological Heritage. After an treated hides and pelts. From the phases mostly caused by freezing ancient landslide which completely Aurignacian up, dwelling structures, and thawing. obstructed the external vault was lithic assemblages, bone and antler After a first exploration carried out removed in 1996, a sheltered area of tools, painted stones and pierced by the Natural History Museum of almost 60 sq m was brought to light molluscan shells mark the arrival Verona in 1964, the site has been and extensive digging began, with of the first Anatomically Modern the object of a new series of investi- the aim of investigating evidence of Humans into this region with a gations since 1988, bringing to light the last Neanderthals and the first clear discontinuity with the former an impressive sequence of Middle anatomically modern humans. cultural entities. Neverheless, the and Upper Paleolithic levels. The Grotta di Fumane makes this possi- archeological evidence prove that sequence documents the main cli- ble, thanks to the abundance of well also Neanderthals achieved a level matic events which occurred during preserved remains in several finely of behavioral complexity that was the last glacial cycle from 90.000 to stratified archaeological layers. not culturally transmitted or mim- 30.000 years ago and affected the Thousands of flint flakes and cores, icked via incoming modern humans. human settlement. bones, teeth, charcoal, worked peb- The cave is now open to the public Excavations are conducted on a bles, bone retouchers and hammers after security measures have been FUMANE CAVE regular basis every year by the prove that Neanderthals lighted fire, implemented in 2005. Visitors are Fumane, Verona / Italy allowed to the entrance of the cave also when archaeological fieldwork FUMANE HALL To challenge the crucial, cognitive takes place and view the sections Viale Roma, 2 and behavioural difference between showing the finely layered Paleo- 37022 Fumane Neanderthals and anatomically lithic sequence. Italy modern humans, archaeological Not far away, at the village of evidence must be produced from Sant’Anna d’Alfaedo, a selection of reliable sites. This is the case of the most relevant findings is perma- Further information at Grotta di Fumane, a cave set at the nently exhibited at the Palaeonto- www.grottadifumane.eu base of a rock cliff at 350 m a.s.l. logical and Archaeological Museum. on the southern edge of the Veneto Pre-Alps, in the North of Italy. The cave belongs to a fossil karst complex system probably composed of several cavities and tunnels excavated in dolomitic limestone. The present-day morphology of this site is a result of the combined action

ICE AGE EUROPE FUMANE CAVE 28 29 The MEH is a museum specialized in human evolution. Its highly modern, permanent exhibition presents the original fossils of the main discoveries at Atapuerca, the scientific disciplines involved and the inter- pretations and theories drawn from them. The museum seeks to present a holistic vision of human pres- ence on earth with the exceptional sites located in the mountains of Burgos being an important piece of evidence. The exhibition is complemented by a full range of activities for all audiences that link the research about human evolution to the present through temporary exhibi- MUSEUM OF HUMAN tions, workshops, conferences etc. EVOLUTION Burgos / Spain Leaving the museum, guests are ous human occupation. Among the invited to visit the archaeological fossils archaeological vestiges of MUSEO DE LA EVOLUCIÓN HUMANA The Museum of Human Evolution sites that are easy to reach from four different species of hominids Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, s/n (MEH) is a project led by the Minis- the museum with a shuttle. The stand out: Homo antecessor (more 09002 Burgos try of Culture of the Regional Gov- archaeological sites of the Sierra than one million years old), Homo Spain ernment of Castile and Leon in close de Atapuerca were honored with heidelbergensis (500.000 years), cooperation with the international the World Heritage Status by the Homo neanderthalensis (50.000 Further information at research team of Atapuerca. UNESCO committee in 2000. Its years) and Homo sapiens. There- www.museoevolucionhumana.com importance is based on the fact fore, the rich fossil record provides The Museum is located in the center that fossils of hominids with an unique evidence about the human of Burgos (North of Spain), and is age of more than 1.2 million years origins and evolution, besides price- only 15 kilometers away from the (the oldest of Western Europe) have less information that recalls the Atapuerca Archaeological Sites. been found there. The Sierra, due European lines of evolution from our It is placed between the National to its special ecosystem and its African ancestors. Research Centre of Human Evolution geographical location, constitutes (CENIEH) and the Auditorium Forum. an exceptional example of continu-

ICE AGE EUROPE MUSEUM OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 30 31 The MEH is a museum specialized in human evolution. Its highly modern, permanent exhibition presents the original fossils of the main discoveries at Atapuerca, the scientific disciplines involved and the inter- pretations and theories drawn from them. The museum seeks to present a holistic vision of human pres- ence on earth with the exceptional sites located in the mountains of Burgos being an important piece of evidence. The exhibition is complemented by a full range of activities for all audiences that link the research about human evolution to the present through temporary exhibi- MUSEUM OF HUMAN tions, workshops, conferences etc. EVOLUTION Burgos / Spain Leaving the museum, guests are ous human occupation. Among the invited to visit the archaeological fossils archaeological vestiges of MUSEO DE LA EVOLUCIÓN HUMANA The Museum of Human Evolution sites that are easy to reach from four different species of hominids Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, s/n (MEH) is a project led by the Minis- the museum with a shuttle. The stand out: Homo antecessor (more 09002 Burgos try of Culture of the Regional Gov- archaeological sites of the Sierra than one million years old), Homo Spain ernment of Castile and Leon in close de Atapuerca were honored with heidelbergensis (500.000 years), cooperation with the international the World Heritage Status by the Homo neanderthalensis (50.000 Further information at research team of Atapuerca. UNESCO committee in 2000. Its years) and Homo sapiens. There- www.museoevolucionhumana.com importance is based on the fact fore, the rich fossil record provides The Museum is located in the center that fossils of hominids with an unique evidence about the human of Burgos (North of Spain), and is age of more than 1.2 million years origins and evolution, besides price- only 15 kilometers away from the (the oldest of Western Europe) have less information that recalls the Atapuerca Archaeological Sites. been found there. The Sierra, due European lines of evolution from our It is placed between the National to its special ecosystem and its African ancestors. Research Centre of Human Evolution geographical location, constitutes (CENIEH) and the Auditorium Forum. an exceptional example of continu-

ICE AGE EUROPE MUSEUM OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 30 31 history whose discovery meant the discovery of Palaeolithic cave art in general and one of its most spectacular manifestations. The splendor of the artistic expression of the cave’s inhabitants was recognised by UNESCO, which in 1985 registered it on the World Heritage List. The new Museum of Altamira, opened to the public in 2001, is a modern, functional museum, integrated in the landscape, where the latest technology and the most modern museography take visitors back to the times when Altamira was utilized. The reproduction of the cave, the Neocave, presents Altamira as a NATIONAL MUSEUM Palaeolithic venue, a habitation site AND RESEARCH CENTER and a sanctuary. This meticulous of prehistoric life in Altamira are sibility and guaranteed enjoyment, and exact reproduction, made in full presented: art, culture, life, hunt- making its surprising history and OF ALTAMIRA scale, reconstructs what the cave of ing techniques, etc. All this can be fascinating prehistory available to Santillana del Mar, Cantabria / Spain Altamira was like in Prehistory; it is seen through exhibits displaying the everyone. More than 250.000 people based on data provided by archaeo- most representative items from this visit the museum every year. MUSEO NACIONAL Y CENTRO DE The Museum of Altamira is a place logical and geological research and period on the Iberian Peninsula. INVESTIGACIÓN DE ALTAMIRA devoted to learning about, enjoying the most cutting-edge topographical Visitors can stroll freely in the 39330 Santillana del Mar (Cantabria) and experiencing the life of those technology. The paintings have been natural environment surrounding the Spain who painted and inhabited the cave reproduced with absolute fidelity to museum building and enjoy its mag- of Altamira. The most attractive the original using the same artistic nificent landscape. This large park Further information at offer of the museum is the oppor- technique and the same natural col- has been restored with vegetable museodealtamira.mcu.es tunity to gain knowledge into the ourings: charcoal, ochre and water. species that we know once existed earliest Palaeolithic art of humanity. The permanent exhibition “The times around the cave, thanks to pollen The Museum is in charge of a legacy of Altamira” gives visitors a closer studies carried out on the sediments of maximum value, the cave of Al- look at the prehistoric era of the in the cave. tamira, a milestone in universal art Iberian Peninsula. Different aspects The Museum provides full acces-

ICE AGE EUROPE NATIONAL MUSEUM AND RESEARCH CENTER OF ALTAMIRA 32 33 history whose discovery meant the discovery of Palaeolithic cave art in general and one of its most spectacular manifestations. The splendor of the artistic expression of the cave’s inhabitants was recognised by UNESCO, which in 1985 registered it on the World Heritage List. The new Museum of Altamira, opened to the public in 2001, is a modern, functional museum, integrated in the landscape, where the latest technology and the most modern museography take visitors back to the times when Altamira was utilized. The reproduction of the cave, the Neocave, presents Altamira as a NATIONAL MUSEUM Palaeolithic venue, a habitation site AND RESEARCH CENTER and a sanctuary. This meticulous of prehistoric life in Altamira are sibility and guaranteed enjoyment, and exact reproduction, made in full presented: art, culture, life, hunt- making its surprising history and OF ALTAMIRA scale, reconstructs what the cave of ing techniques, etc. All this can be fascinating prehistory available to Santillana del Mar, Cantabria / Spain Altamira was like in Prehistory; it is seen through exhibits displaying the everyone. More than 250.000 people based on data provided by archaeo- most representative items from this visit the museum every year. MUSEO NACIONAL Y CENTRO DE The Museum of Altamira is a place logical and geological research and period on the Iberian Peninsula. INVESTIGACIÓN DE ALTAMIRA devoted to learning about, enjoying the most cutting-edge topographical Visitors can stroll freely in the 39330 Santillana del Mar (Cantabria) and experiencing the life of those technology. The paintings have been natural environment surrounding the Spain who painted and inhabited the cave reproduced with absolute fidelity to museum building and enjoy its mag- of Altamira. The most attractive the original using the same artistic nificent landscape. This large park Further information at offer of the museum is the oppor- technique and the same natural col- has been restored with vegetable museodealtamira.mcu.es tunity to gain knowledge into the ourings: charcoal, ochre and water. species that we know once existed earliest Palaeolithic art of humanity. The permanent exhibition “The times around the cave, thanks to pollen The Museum is in charge of a legacy of Altamira” gives visitors a closer studies carried out on the sediments of maximum value, the cave of Al- look at the prehistoric era of the in the cave. tamira, a milestone in universal art Iberian Peninsula. Different aspects The Museum provides full acces-

ICE AGE EUROPE NATIONAL MUSEUM AND RESEARCH CENTER OF ALTAMIRA 32 33 The cave of Santimamiñe is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Basque Country and has been a point of reference in that area for most of the past century. Now, after 90 years of visits, the cave, which is a real geological, artistic and archaeological treasure, needs a great deal of cleaning and conservation work. With a new presentation, partly physical and partly virtual, the public will have the opportunity to get to know and enjoy the complex in a sustainable and responsible way.

The Santimamiñe cave is located on the eastern side of the basin of the CAVES OF SANTIMAMIÑE Urdaibai River, dominating a vast The Arkeologi Museoa, located in the Old Quarter of Bilbao, is a new cultural centre and its main objectives are: landscape of diverse ecosystems: 1. Guaranteeing the conservation 2. Promoting archaeological research 3. Disseminating knowledge about AND BIZKAIA MUSEUM Holm oak forests in Cantabria, rural of the materials retrieved from by documenting the collections and the History of Bizkaia, by con- areas, estuaries, etc. archaeological excavations, and creating the necessary infrastruc- necting the past with modern-day OF ARCHAEOLOGY the documents generated by such tures and services for their study: society in order to contribute to its In one of its rooms, a remarkable Bizkaia / Spain materials, given that the museum Research rooms, wash rooms, dating future projection, through organis- archaeological fill is preserved dis- must preserve the objects and their and cataloguing, conservation labo- ing exhibitions, courses, conferences playing a cultural sequence ranging CUEVA DE SANTIMAMIÑE ARKEOLOGI MUSEOA context. ratories and library and issuing publications, among from the beginning of the Upper Barrio Basondo Calzadas de Mallona, 2-C/Prim s/nº other activities. 48315 Kortezubi (Bizkaia) 48006 Bilbao (Bizkaia) Palaeolithic to Roman times. Spain Spain The cave of Santimamiñe is in- Further information at Further information at tensely connected to the Arkeologi www.bizkaia.net/Santimamine www.bizkaikoa.bizkaia.net Museoa, where the materials which are being recuperated in this archaeological site since 1916, are conserved.

~ ICE AGE EUROPE CAVES OF SANTIMAMINE AND BIZKAIA MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY 34 35 The cave of Santimamiñe is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Basque Country and has been a point of reference in that area for most of the past century. Now, after 90 years of visits, the cave, which is a real geological, artistic and archaeological treasure, needs a great deal of cleaning and conservation work. With a new presentation, partly physical and partly virtual, the public will have the opportunity to get to know and enjoy the complex in a sustainable and responsible way.

~ ICE AGE EUROPE CAVES OF SANTIMAMINE AND BIZKAIA MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY 34 35 tre. Sections as emblematic as the spectacular Chamber of Vulvas, the Gallery of Horses, the mysterious Anthropomorph or the essential Polychromatic Panel have now a singular location where they can be observed closely. Besides, visitors learn about the discovery of the cave, its geological value, its inhabitants and how the samples of rock art are preserved inside. The modern approach of the centre based on innovative techniques at- tracting all audiences allows visitors to perceive the site as a place of national and international signifi- cance regarding Palaeolithic art. In addition, the Tito Bustillo Rupre- TITO BUSTILLO strian Art Centre offers workshops and games for families, children RUPESTRIAN ART CENTRE and groups to spread the knowledge Ribadesella, Austurias/ Spain about Paleolithic life and art in both educational and fun way. CENTRO DE ARTE RUPESTRE The Tito Bustillo Cave, discovered in A visit to the cave itself is restriced DE TITO BUSTILLO 1968, is one of the most important to certain seasons and to a limited Avda. de Tito Bustillo, s/n rupestrian sets of Palaeolithic art. number of visitors per tour. 33560 Ribadesella – Asturias Together with other caves of the Spain Cantabrian it was declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2008 for Further information at its extraordinary representations of www.centrotitobustillo.com Palaeolithic rupestrian art. The need to maintain its environ- mental balance to guarantee its preservation and the difficulty to access the majority of the artistic sets led to the creation of the Tito Bustillo Rupestrian Art Cen-

ICE AGE EUROPE TITO BUSTILLO RUPESTRIAN ART CENTRE 36 37 tre. Sections as emblematic as the spectacular Chamber of Vulvas, the Gallery of Horses, the mysterious Anthropomorph or the essential Polychromatic Panel have now a singular location where they can be observed closely. Besides, visitors learn about the discovery of the cave, its geological value, its inhabitants and how the samples of rock art are preserved inside. The modern approach of the centre based on innovative techniques at- tracting all audiences allows visitors to perceive the site as a place of national and international signifi- cance regarding Palaeolithic art. In addition, the Tito Bustillo Rupre- TITO BUSTILLO strian Art Centre offers workshops and games for families, children RUPESTRIAN ART CENTRE and groups to spread the knowledge Ribadesella, Austurias/ Spain about Paleolithic life and art in both educational and fun way. CENTRO DE ARTE RUPESTRE The Tito Bustillo Cave, discovered in A visit to the cave itself is restriced DE TITO BUSTILLO 1968, is one of the most important to certain seasons and to a limited Avda. de Tito Bustillo, s/n rupestrian sets of Palaeolithic art. number of visitors per tour. 33560 Ribadesella – Asturias Together with other caves of the Spain Cantabrian it was declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2008 for Further information at its extraordinary representations of www.centrotitobustillo.com Palaeolithic rupestrian art. The need to maintain its environ- mental balance to guarantee its preservation and the difficulty to access the majority of the artistic sets led to the creation of the Tito Bustillo Rupestrian Art Cen-

ICE AGE EUROPE TITO BUSTILLO RUPESTRIAN ART CENTRE 36 37 this cave was a cave bear refugee. The surrounding area of Ekain was a great place to hunt deers and goats for the hunters and gatherers of the Upper Paleolithic period. The entrance of the cave is located in a hill which allows bringing under control the valley. This place is a natural trap for the animals because of the confluence of two streams and the narrowing of the valley. In the end of the Magdalenian period, 14.000-13.000 years ago, the inhabitants of the Ekain valley started decorating their cave. Most of the paintings were horses. André Leroi-Gourhan described them as since 2008 where is possible to Placed in the Sastarrain Valley the EKAINBERRI - “the most perfect set of horses in all enjoy the most important paintings project of the Museum Ekainberri of- Quaternary Art”. of the original cave as well as their fers the opportunity to deep in the The Ekain cave is located in Deba, surfaces. Ekainberri, the replica of same environment where Paleolithic THE REPLICA OF in the province of Gipuzkoa. To the Ekain cave, is located close to people lived. It provides the chance preserve its cave art it is closed to the original cave, to one kilometre to enjoy a wide offer of activities THE EKAIN CAVE the public. There is a replica opened far from the town centre. related with the Prehistory. All tours in the replica are guided tours with Zestoa, Basque Country / Spain no more than 20 people each tour. Ekainberri, with its experimental EKAINBERRI MUSEUM In 1969, an Upper Paleolithic artis- archaeology workshops, also offers Portale kalea 9 tic treasure was discovered. It was the opportunity to live as a Paleo- 20740 Zestoa hidden for millenniums in the heart lithic inhabitant during an hour. Spain of the Ekain hill, located in Deba To conclude your visit to Ekainberri (Gipuzkoa). The late discovery of you can also enjoy participating Further information at the cave art of Ekain allowed taking in different workshops, visiting an www.ekainberri.com measures for its preservation. exhibition room, a small library and The Homo Sapiens arrived to Ekain a souvenir shop. in the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period. Some time ago

ICE AGE EUROPE EKAINBERRI - THE REPLICA OF THE EKAIN CAVE 38 39 this cave was a cave bear refugee. The surrounding area of Ekain was a great place to hunt deers and goats for the hunters and gatherers of the Upper Paleolithic period. The entrance of the cave is located in a hill which allows bringing under control the valley. This place is a natural trap for the animals because of the confluence of two streams and the narrowing of the valley. In the end of the Magdalenian period, 14.000-13.000 years ago, the inhabitants of the Ekain valley started decorating their cave. Most of the paintings were horses. André Leroi-Gourhan described them as since 2008 where is possible to Placed in the Sastarrain Valley the EKAINBERRI - “the most perfect set of horses in all enjoy the most important paintings project of the Museum Ekainberri of- Quaternary Art”. of the original cave as well as their fers the opportunity to deep in the The Ekain cave is located in Deba, surfaces. Ekainberri, the replica of same environment where Paleolithic THE REPLICA OF in the province of Gipuzkoa. To the Ekain cave, is located close to people lived. It provides the chance preserve its cave art it is closed to the original cave, to one kilometre to enjoy a wide offer of activities THE EKAIN CAVE the public. There is a replica opened far from the town centre. related with the Prehistory. All tours in the replica are guided tours with Zestoa, Basque Country / Spain no more than 20 people each tour. Ekainberri, with its experimental EKAINBERRI MUSEUM In 1969, an Upper Paleolithic artis- archaeology workshops, also offers Portale kalea 9 tic treasure was discovered. It was the opportunity to live as a Paleo- 20740 Zestoa hidden for millenniums in the heart lithic inhabitant during an hour. Spain of the Ekain hill, located in Deba To conclude your visit to Ekainberri (Gipuzkoa). The late discovery of you can also enjoy participating Further information at the cave art of Ekain allowed taking in different workshops, visiting an www.ekainberri.com measures for its preservation. exhibition room, a small library and The Homo Sapiens arrived to Ekain a souvenir shop. in the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period. Some time ago

ICE AGE EUROPE EKAINBERRI - THE REPLICA OF THE EKAIN CAVE 38 39 of the city. Here galleries display are also being used to reconstruct be available to adults as well as THE GIBRALTAR MUSEUM representative findings of Ice Age the lives of the southern Neander- children by prior request. The aim Gibraltar / United Kingdom Europe in the extreme south-west thals. These findings, such as the is to bring the sites closer to the where climatic changes were not as exploitation of seals and dolphins public where possible. Site visits can severe as in the north of Europe. or the feathers of large raptors, are be organised including during the THE GIBRALTAR MUSEUM The Rock of Gibraltar at the south- The Gibraltar Museum is responsible exhibited in the Gibraltar Museum period of excavation where visitors 18-20 Bomb House Lane ernmost part of the Iberian Pen- for the 14 Ice Age sites on the 6-km which acts as the interpretation cen- can interact with archaeologists. PO Box 939 insula, and in full view of North long peninsula, nine of which were tre for all the Gibraltar Ice Age sites. For those unable to access the Gibraltar Africa, is a British Territory with a occupied by Neanderthals includ- caves, visits are organised to the long tradition of work on Ice Age ing two fossil sites. It runs a Field In addition to exhibitions and Parson’s Lodge Field Station where Further information at humans, fauna and geology which Station at Parson’s Lodge where research, the Gibraltar Museum the process of sieving sediment is www.gibmuseum.gi dates back to the 18th Century. researchers are accommodated and has an active hands-on education demonstrated. The museum’s web It was in Forbes’ Quarry that the where post-excavation work is car- programme on Ice Age Europe and site www.gibmuseum.gi, a blog and Gibraltar 1 Neanderthal skull was ried out. The Gibraltar Museum’s the Neanderthals. This programme is a Facebook page, provide continuous found in 1848, eight years before brief includes research and it carries available to local schools and those information about the progress of the Feldhofer specimen. The Gibral- out annual excavations in Gorham’s from outside as well on request. excavations and work during the rest tar Museum is a long-standing insti- and Vanguard Caves. Gorham’s Cave The Gibraltar Museum is currently of the year. tution which was founded in 1930. is currently the last known site of developing the extension of this It is situated in Bomb House Lane, Neanderthal survival, as recently as education programme to some of just off the Main Street in the heart 31 thousand years ago. These sites the cave sites. The programme will

ICE AGE EUROPE THE GIBRALTAR MUSEUM 40 41 of the city. Here galleries display are also being used to reconstruct be available to adults as well as THE GIBRALTAR MUSEUM representative findings of Ice Age the lives of the southern Neander- children by prior request. The aim Gibraltar / United Kingdom Europe in the extreme south-west thals. These findings, such as the is to bring the sites closer to the where climatic changes were not as exploitation of seals and dolphins public where possible. Site visits can severe as in the north of Europe. or the feathers of large raptors, are be organised including during the THE GIBRALTAR MUSEUM The Rock of Gibraltar at the south- The Gibraltar Museum is responsible exhibited in the Gibraltar Museum period of excavation where visitors 18-20 Bomb House Lane ernmost part of the Iberian Pen- for the 14 Ice Age sites on the 6-km which acts as the interpretation cen- can interact with archaeologists. PO Box 939 insula, and in full view of North long peninsula, nine of which were tre for all the Gibraltar Ice Age sites. For those unable to access the Gibraltar Africa, is a British Territory with a occupied by Neanderthals includ- caves, visits are organised to the long tradition of work on Ice Age ing two fossil sites. It runs a Field In addition to exhibitions and Parson’s Lodge Field Station where Further information at humans, fauna and geology which Station at Parson’s Lodge where research, the Gibraltar Museum the process of sieving sediment is www.gibmuseum.gi dates back to the 18th Century. researchers are accommodated and has an active hands-on education demonstrated. The museum’s web It was in Forbes’ Quarry that the where post-excavation work is car- programme on Ice Age Europe and site www.gibmuseum.gi, a blog and Gibraltar 1 Neanderthal skull was ried out. The Gibraltar Museum’s the Neanderthals. This programme is a Facebook page, provide continuous found in 1848, eight years before brief includes research and it carries available to local schools and those information about the progress of the Feldhofer specimen. The Gibral- out annual excavations in Gorham’s from outside as well on request. excavations and work during the rest tar Museum is a long-standing insti- and Vanguard Caves. Gorham’s Cave The Gibraltar Museum is currently of the year. tution which was founded in 1930. is currently the last known site of developing the extension of this It is situated in Bomb House Lane, Neanderthal survival, as recently as education programme to some of just off the Main Street in the heart 31 thousand years ago. These sites the cave sites. The programme will

ICE AGE EUROPE THE GIBRALTAR MUSEUM 40 41 The caves contain a long sequence Under the lower floor, some of the Tours of the cave are led by en- of deposits from the lower Pal- oldest evidence of human activ- tertaining guides who bring the aeolithic to the post-prehistoric ity in Britain has been found. The incredible story of the cave’s Ice period with two major stalagmite flint hand axes found are well over Age history back to life, concluding floors providing dating evidence for 500,000 years old. These stone tools the visit in an underground exhibi- archaeological material within the were made by Homo heidelbergensis tion chamber. Plenty goes on in and caves. The upper floor seals material and are some of the oldest evidence around the caves all year including a from more than 10,000 years ago, of human activity in Britain. Animal woodland trail quest, kids archaeo- while the lower floor seals deposits and plant remains enable reconstruc- logical dig area, hands-on cave art older than 350,000 years. tion of climatic changes through a walls and regular appearances by number of glacial and interglacial the attractions mascot Cavog the The caves were extensively exca- cycles during the Pleistocene period, Caveman. Underground theatre and vated during the last two centuries, 2 million to 12,000 years ago. evening entertainment is a special- revealing a wealth of artefacts. ity of the cave. Kents Cavern is the largest natural cave open to the public in South Located only 250 metres from two of West of England. The limestone the English Riviera’s most beautiful rock surrounding the caves was coves, Meadfoot and Anstey’s, the KENTS CAVERN formed during the Devonian period caves are a popular starting point some 385 million years ago when for circular walks along sections of PREHISTORIC CAVES this part of the world lay beneath the South West Coast Path. There is Torquay, Devon / United Kingdom the sea south of the Equator. The a gift shop and restaurant serving shells and bones from the earliest Devon cream teas, a bar and attrac- KENTS CAVERN LTD Kents Cavern is one of Europe’s top forms of life to live on this planet tive gardens. Cavern House Prehistory Stone Age caves with bonded together at the bottom of 89/91 Ilsham Road an extensive labyrinth of spectacu- In 2011 Nature, the world’s lead- the ocean to form the Coralline Torquay/ Devon lar and easily accessible caverns. ing scientific journal, published Devonian Limestone. Kents Cavern TQ1 2JF This iconic heritage attraction in research dating a fragment of hu- is the underground visitor centre for United Kingdom the South Devon seaside resort of man jawbone, found in the cave in the UNESCO endorsed English Riviera Torquay has many quality tourism 1927 under the upper floor, at over Global Geopark. awards and comes highly recom- 41,000 years old. This is the oldest Further information at mended by visitors on TripAdvisor. modern human fossil discovered in The caves have been owned and www.kents-cavern.co.uk Northwestern Europe, making Kents operated by the Powe family since It is the official underground visitor Cavern, for the moment, the oldest 1880 and today Nick Powe is the 5th centre for UNESCO’s English Riviera known human settlement across all generation of the family to manage Global Geopark and features on the of Europe down to the southern tip the operations. Dr. Chris Proctor Dr. Agatha Christie Riviera Trail. of Italy. ©

ICE AGE EUROPE KENTS CAVERN PREHISTORIC CAVES 42 43 The caves contain a long sequence Under the lower floor, some of the Tours of the cave are led by en- of deposits from the lower Pal- oldest evidence of human activ- tertaining guides who bring the aeolithic to the post-prehistoric ity in Britain has been found. The incredible story of the cave’s Ice period with two major stalagmite flint hand axes found are well over Age history back to life, concluding floors providing dating evidence for 500,000 years old. These stone tools the visit in an underground exhibi- archaeological material within the were made by Homo heidelbergensis tion chamber. Plenty goes on in and caves. The upper floor seals material and are some of the oldest evidence around the caves all year including a from more than 10,000 years ago, of human activity in Britain. Animal woodland trail quest, kids archaeo- while the lower floor seals deposits and plant remains enable reconstruc- logical dig area, hands-on cave art older than 350,000 years. tion of climatic changes through a walls and regular appearances by number of glacial and interglacial the attractions mascot Cavog the The caves were extensively exca- cycles during the Pleistocene period, Caveman. Underground theatre and vated during the last two centuries, 2 million to 12,000 years ago. evening entertainment is a special- revealing a wealth of artefacts. ity of the cave. Kents Cavern is the largest natural cave open to the public in South Located only 250 metres from two of West of England. The limestone the English Riviera’s most beautiful rock surrounding the caves was coves, Meadfoot and Anstey’s, the KENTS CAVERN formed during the Devonian period caves are a popular starting point some 385 million years ago when for circular walks along sections of PREHISTORIC CAVES this part of the world lay beneath the South West Coast Path. There is Torquay, Devon / United Kingdom the sea south of the Equator. The a gift shop and restaurant serving shells and bones from the earliest Devon cream teas, a bar and attrac- KENTS CAVERN LTD Kents Cavern is one of Europe’s top forms of life to live on this planet tive gardens. Cavern House Prehistory Stone Age caves with bonded together at the bottom of 89/91 Ilsham Road an extensive labyrinth of spectacu- In 2011 Nature, the world’s lead- the ocean to form the Coralline Torquay/ Devon lar and easily accessible caverns. ing scientific journal, published Devonian Limestone. Kents Cavern TQ1 2JF This iconic heritage attraction in research dating a fragment of hu- is the underground visitor centre for United Kingdom the South Devon seaside resort of man jawbone, found in the cave in the UNESCO endorsed English Riviera Torquay has many quality tourism 1927 under the upper floor, at over Global Geopark. awards and comes highly recom- 41,000 years old. This is the oldest Further information at mended by visitors on TripAdvisor. modern human fossil discovered in The caves have been owned and www.kents-cavern.co.uk Northwestern Europe, making Kents operated by the Powe family since It is the official underground visitor Cavern, for the moment, the oldest 1880 and today Nick Powe is the 5th centre for UNESCO’s English Riviera known human settlement across all generation of the family to manage Global Geopark and features on the of Europe down to the southern tip the operations. Dr. Chris Proctor Dr. Agatha Christie Riviera Trail. of Italy. ©

ICE AGE EUROPE KENTS CAVERN PREHISTORIC CAVES 42 43 www.ice-age-europe.eu

Ice Age Europe · Project Office Ice Age Europe · Lead Partner Ice Age Europe is funded by Katrin Hieke Prof. Dr. Gerd-Christian Weniger c/o projekt2508 GmbH Stiftung Neanderthal Museum Riesstraße 10 Talstraße 300 53113 Bonn 40822 Mettmann Germany Germany

E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected] 2nd revised edition Phone +49 (0) 228 184967-25 Phone +49 (0) 2104 9797-33 ©Ice Age Europe · August 2014

ICE AGE EUROPE www.ice-age-europe.eu

E-Mail [email protected] E-Mail [email protected] 2nd revised edition Phone +49 (0) 228 184967-25 Phone +49 (0) 2104 9797-33 ©Ice Age Europe · August 2014

ICE AGE EUROPE Project Office Riesstraße 10 Phone +49 (0) 228 184967-25 Katrin Hieke 53113 Bonn [email protected] c/o projekt2508 GmbH Germany www.ice-age-europe.eu