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Universidade De São Paulo Instituto De Química Héllio UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO INSTITUTO DE QUÍMICA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Bioquímica) HÉLLIO DANNY NÓBREGA DE SOUZA Papel do receptor B2 de cininas na terapia da neurodegeneração dopaminérgica em modelo animal VERSÃO ORIGINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA São Paulo Data do depósito na SPG: 28 de maio de 2018 HÉLLIO DANNY NÓBREGA DE SOUZA Papel do receptor B2 de cininas na terapia da neurodegeneração dopaminérgica em modelo animal Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Bioquímica) Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alexander Henning Ulrich São Paulo 2018 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletronico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada eletronicamente pelo autor, utilizando o programa desenvolvido pela Seção Técnica de Informática do ICMC/USP e adaptado para a Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação do Conjunto das Químicas da USP Bibliotecária responsável pela orientação de catalogação da publicação: Marlene Aparecida Vieira - CRB - 8/5562 Souza, Héllio Danny Nóbrega de S729p Papel do receptor B2 de cininas na terapia da neurodegeneração dopaminérgica em modelo animal / Héllio Danny Nóbrega de Souza. - São Paulo, 2018. 93 p. Tese (doutorado) - Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Bioquímica. Orientador: Ulrich, Alexander Henning 1. Neurorregeneração. 2. Receptores de neurotransmissores. 3. Biologia molecular. I. T. II. Ulrich, Alexander Henning , orientador. Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, à minha família e aos meus amigos. À memória do meu avô Sebastião Lúcio da Nóbrega, meu eterno exemplo de honra e coragem. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente ao prof. Dr. Henning Ulrich, orientador e amigo, pela oportunidade oferecida, pelo esforço para oferecer-me a melhor formação possível, pela paciência desprendida e por todas as contribuições para a elaboração deste trabalho. Obrigado! Aos meus pais, Haroldo e Maria da Luz, pelo amor e incentivo. À minha irmã Rafaella e ao meu irmão Alex, pela amizade e carinho. Ao Prof. Dr. Luiz Roberto Giorgetti de Britto, pela inestimável contribuição no desenvolvimento do “modelo de Parkinson”. Ainda, por ter aceitado inúmeras vezes discutir os problemas e as ideias acerca deste estudo. À minha colega de doutorado Ágatha e à aluna de iniciação científica Caroline Albino, por toda a ajuda. Seria exaustivo listar aqui todos os desafios que enfrentamos juntos. Foi um grande prazer trabalhar com vocês. Ao meu colega de doutorado Enéas, por ter me ajudado a dar os primeiros passos nas cirurgias esterotáxicas. À Dra. Juliana Corrêa pela ajuda na parte dos PCRs em tempo real e pela contribuição nas diversas discussões sobre os rumos do meu doutorado. Agradeço também ao Adilson, técnico do laboratório do Prof. Britto, por ter pacientemente ajudado com os experimentos de imuno-histoquímica. Agradeço também a Dra. Caroline Real pelas diversas ocasiões de ajuda. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Neurociências pelo apoio e companheirismo. À nossa ex-técnica Zilda e à nossa técnica Denise, por toda ajuda e carinho. Aos funcionários do Biotério de Produção e Experimentação da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Instituto de Química da USP. Agradeço também a todos os funcionários do Instituto de Química da USP que contribuíram de algum modo com este trabalho. Por último, à FAPESP pelo apoio financeiro para desenvolvimento deste trabalho. A todos, agradeço imensamente! Resumo Souza, H.D.N. de. Papel do receptor B2 de cininas na terapia da neurodegeneração dopaminérgica em modelo animal. 2018. 93p. Tese de Doutorado – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Bioquímica). Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo, caracterizada em parte pela perda de neurônios dopaminérgicos da via nigroestriatal, originada na substância negra com projeções para o estriado, causando vários déficits motores. Atualmente, o tratamento mais utilizado é a administração de L-DOPA, um análogo da dopamina. Porém, essa droga apresenta eficácia limitada e induz diversos efeitos colaterais. A exploração dos efeitos neuroprotetores, proliferativos e neuroregenerativos da bradicinina (BK) em modelo animal de DP pode conduzir à substituição celular do tecido lesionado pela 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA). De fato, a BK e seus receptores possuem um grande espectro de ações fisiológicas, estando classicamente envolvida no controle da homeostase cardiovascular e inflamação, além de exercer efeitos protetores em fisiopatologias do sistema nervoso, como em modelos de acidente vascular cerebral. Vários tipos celulares têm suas vias de sinalização associadas à ativação do receptor B2 de cininas (B2BKR). Trabalhos anteriores de nosso grupo mostraram que a BK está envolvida na diferenciação neural de células progenitoras neurais por um loop autócrino que resulta em ativação do B2BKR. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho mostram a eficácia do tratamento com BK, um agonista de B2BKR, em animais submetidos à lesão da via nigro-estriatal induzida por 6-OHDA. Além disso, há uma recuperação comportamental e histológica desses animais quando tratados com Captopril®, um potencializador dos efeitos farmacológicos da BK, e com [Phe8ᴪ(CH-NH)Arg9]-Bradicinina, agonista estável do receptor B2BKR. Assim, concluímos que a ativação de B2BKR pela BK desencadeia um processo de neuroregeneração dopaminérgica de animais submetidos à lesão por 6-OHDA. Trabalhos recentes mostram que o receptor B2BKR desempenha um importante papel neuroprotetor em modelo animal da Doença de Alzheimer, o que corrobora nossos achados. Juntos, esses resultados contribuem para o estabelecimento da ação neuroprotetora e neurorregenerativa da BK no modelo de animal de neurodegeneração dopaminérgica, tornando-a uma excelente candidata para aplicação em terapias de reparo neuronal. Palavras-chave: Receptor B2BkR de cininas, sistema calicreína-cininas, Doença de Parkinson, neuroregeneração. Abstract Souza, H.D.N. de. Targeting Kinin-B2 receptors for the treatment of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in an animal model. 2018. 93p. Tese de Doutorado – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Bioquímica). Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder partially characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, originated in the substantia nigra with projections to the striatum, which causes several motor deficits. Currently, the most commonly used drug for PD treatment is levodopa. However, it has limited efficacy and induces several side effects. Elucidation of the neuroprotective, proliferative and neuroregenerative effects of bradykinin (BK) in animal models of PD can culminate in cellular replacement of the tissue damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In fact, BK and its receptor have several physiological effects, being classically involved in the control of cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammation. Besides, BK exerts protective effects on nervous system pathophysiology, as observed in stroke models. Several cell types have their signaling pathways associated with the B2 kinin receptor (B2BKR) activation. Previous work from our group showed that BK is involved in differentiation of neural progenitor cells by an autocrine loop that results in activation of B2BKR. The results presented in this thesis show the efficacy of treatment with BK, through B2BKR activation, in animals submitted to nigrostriatal pathway injury induced by 6-OH dopamine. Furthermore, behavioral and histological recoveries of these animals were observed when treated with Captopril®, a potentiator of BK pharmacological effects, and with [Phe8ᴪ (CH-NH) Arg9] -BK, a stable agonist of the B2BKR receptor. Thus, we conclude that BK activation of B2BKR triggers neuroregenerative processes in animals submitted to 6- OHDA injury. Recent studies showed that the B2BKR receptor plays an important neuroprotective role in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, which corroborates our findings. Together, these results contribute to the establishment of the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative actions of BK - an excellent candidate for neural repair therapies. Keywords: Kinin B2 receptors, kallikrein-kinin system, Parkinson's disease, neuroregeneration. Lista de Tabelas Tabela 1: Sequências de primers utilizados nas reações de genotipagem ............... 45 Tabela 2: Número de rotações/minuto induzidas por apomorfina em cada animal antes e após o tratamento com Bk (2µg) ou salina ............................................................. 51 Tabela 3: Número de rotações/minuto induzidas por apomorfina em cada animal antes e após o tratamento com Bk (4,0 µg) ou salina ......................................................... 52 Tabela 4: Número de rotações/minuto induzidas por apomorfina em cada animal antes e após o tratamento com Bk (6,0 µg) ou salina ......................................................... 52 Tabela 5: Número de rotações/minuto induzidas por apomorfina em cada animal antes e após o tratamento com 4 µg de Bk-Phe8ᴪ(CH-NH)Arg9 salina .............................. 55 Tabela 6: Número de rotações/minuto induzidas por apomorfina em cada animal antes e após o tratamento com HOE-140 (4,0 µg) ou salina ............................................... 57 Lista de Figuras Figura 1: Patogênese
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