Redevelopment of Shiodome

Feature Redevelopment of Railway Sites

Yuro Nishikawa

Palace); this interesting anecdote shows government’s limited finances at the time, History of Shiodome the continued efforts to reclaim land the track was laid to the less-expensive throughout the Edo Period (1603–1867). 3'6" (1067 mm) narrow-gauge Ieyasu Tokugawa (1542–1616), the first The final stage of the Edo waterfront specification then used commonly shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty development occurred with the building throughout the colonies of the British established his capital in Edo (today’s of the Odaiba Artillery Battery at Empire. However, Shigenobu Okuma Tokyo) in 1590, which until then had been Shinagawa to defend the coast against the (1838–1922), Minister of Finance in the a small garrisoned village with a regional so-called kurofune (Black Ships) from the Meiji government and twice Prime castle belonging to the Hojo aristocratic west. US Commodore Mathew Calbraith Minister in later years, greatly regretted family from Odawara. Perry (1794–1858) landed in 1853 in not building the tracks to standard gauge. At that time, Edo was nothing in Uraga along Edo Bay to start forced Notwithstanding this, construction comparison to Osaka and Kyoto and the negotiations about establishing diplomatic proceeded simultaneously from both the rolling hills of the Musashino Plateau and commercial relations with the USA Shinagawa and Yokohama ends until extended to the coastline which ran from and the ensuing social turmoil triggered resistance from trackside residents and the today’s JR East Tamachi Station parallel the collapse of the bakufu and the Meiji military forced a realignment on newly to Hibiya Dori passing just by Zojoji Restoration in 1867. The main pillars of reclaimed land at Takanawa-kaigan Temple then cutting in the direction of the new Meiji government’s policy to between Shiba and Shinagawa. Despite Kasumigaseki and extending directly enrich and strengthen the country were these temporary setbacks, Japan’s first below Edo castle standing at the headland rapid development of steel manufacturing railway was opened by the Meiji Emperor of the Hibiya inlet. As a result, the area and a distribution system for agricultural (1852–1912) on 14 October 1872. around today’s Shiodome was shallow products through the introduction of The Meiji Emperor departed from tidal flats used for fishing shrimp, etc. railways. In 1868, the new government Shimbashi Station for Yokohoma to the After establishing Edo as his capital, decided to build the first line between echoes of a 101-gun salute and the train Ieyasu’s first act was to rebuild Edo castle; Tokyo and Kobe passing through Kyoto hauled by a steam locomotive belching the outer fortifications were constructed and Osaka. Financing and technical black smoke covered the 29 km between of large stones carried from the Izu know-how for the line construction were Shimbashi and Yokohama in just 54 Peninsula and the soil from the mound both obtained from Great Britain, the minutes for an average speed (including excavations was used to fill-in the Hibiya leading railway power of the day. stops) of 32.8 km/h. This speed astonished inlet. After the establishment of the bakufu However, in addition to the problem of Japanese people at that time who military government in 1603, various choosing whether to lay the main line exclaimed that it was like ‘…travelling on daimyo (feudal lords) were ordered to along the route of the old Tokaido or the wind’ and many people came to the continue filling in the tidal flats, Nakasendo highways, there was also station or lined the track just to see the reclaiming the land from Nihombashi severe resistance to trains from villagers train. The departure whistle at Shimbashi Hamacho to Shimbashi. The military living along the proposed alignments and Station even became the subject of a government put a great deal of effort into from packhorse transport operators. popular song. After its opening, the station planning a city with an extensive network Furthermore, the military was opposed to environ soon became a venue for young of canals for transporting goods. tracks on their land facing Tokyo Bay, urbane Japanese and intellectuals and a By the time of the fourth shogun, Ietsuna delaying the start of construction even symbol of Japan’s modernity. However, Tokugawa (1651–80), the Hibiya inlet had further. And the general populace did not with the opening of Tokyo Station in 1914, been completely reclaimed and the lords really understand the usefulness of passenger departures were moved to who had undertaken the reclamation were railways and ‘…did not want the sparks Karasumori Station (today’s Shimbashi building their Edo manor houses. (from the steam locomotives) causing fires Station) and the first Shimbashi Station was Shiodome was the site of the suburban in the city.’ renamed Shiodome Station and became residences of the lords of Sendai and Aizu On advice from British railway engineers, a freight terminal. clans. The south-east side of Shiodome, it was decided to build an example The importance of Shiodome was which was sea at the time, was ceded to railway first to demonstrate the usefulness captured in the phrase ‘Shiodome for the Ietsuna’s brother, Tsunashige (1644–78), of railways and construction of a line east and Umeda (in Osaka) for the west’ who reclaimed it to create the Hamagoten between Shimbashi in Tokyo and and Shiodome remained Japan’s most (Hama Palace, now Hama Detached Yokohama started in 1869. Due to important freight yard throughout the

48 Japan Railway & Transport Review 35 • July 2003 Copyright © 2003 EJRCF. All rights reserved. Kinshicho (Tokyo) and Umeda (Osaka). In May of the same year, the government- based consultative committee started work and in July, JNR established the in- house Shiodome Freight Yard Basic Concept Research Group. Investigations were made by government bodies, JNR, Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), and the local councils of Tokyo’s Minato and Chuo wards. In February 1986, the then National Land Agency, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Construction established the Shiodome Area Planning Investigation Committee (SAPIC), which reported the results of its investigations in August 1988. The JNRSC had been established in April of the same year and discussions were held with JNRSC Asset Management Committee about the handing over of large areas of old JNR land as part of the land usage reforms. The development of Map of Shibaguchi-Minami Nishikubo Atagoshita wood-block print published by Owariya (1855 revision) showing Shiodome area during Edo period (Tokyo Metropolitan Archives) Shiodome within the land usage plans was discussed in September 1988. Taisho (1912–26) and Showa (1926–89) a result, the 1987 privatization and In addition, the in-depth investigation of periods. In particular, Shiodome division of JNR also saw the closure of SAPIC proceeded and a report into the increased rapidly in importance following Shiodome as a freight yard in October that committee’s findings was presented in the 1936 establishment of the Tokyo year, ending its 114-year history at the March 1989. The results of the JNRSC Metropolitan Wholesale Market in Tsukiji heart of Japanese railways. were integrated with the SAPIC report and handling shipments of fruits, vegetables, As part of the railway reforms, ownership the findings were presented at the 9th and fish for Tokyo, nicknamed Japan’s of the abandoned 22-ha Shiodome yard Meeting of the Asset Management kitchen. It also played a major role in was transferred in April 1988 to the JNR Committee in February 1991. Japan’s postwar revitalization. Settlement Corporation (JNRSC) The policy concepts were to create an However, the modern era gradually crept responsible for selling surplus JNR land internationalized multi-functional city up on Shiodome with the opening of the and paying down the remaining JNR space through: Meishin Expressway between Nagoya and liabilities, marking a new beginning in the • Introduction of state-of-the-art office Kobe in 1965 and the volume of freight history of this land, which was reclaimed functions suiting creation of a new handled by the yard dropped steadily from from Tokyo Bay in the early Edo period international business base its peak of 3.35 million tonnes in 1961 as and ended as a freight yard in the late • Building of residential space to long-distance trucking businesses Showa Period. revitalize the city core gradually took a larger market share. To • Introduction of various transport counter this drop in freight business, Japan Detailed Examination of modes, city amenities, etc. National Railways (JNR) endeavored to Land Usage Plan • Consolidation of transport improve rail-freight services by starting infrastructure with convenient and containerized shipments but the shift to a In April 1984, the Cabinet Economic spacious terminals for good national motorized society during the period of Reform Council started examining and international connections via high economic growth in the 1970s was concrete measures for making effective shinkansen, railways and expressways characterized by a major decline in the use of national land, including large role of railways in freight distribution. As freight yards like Shiodome, Shinjuku, The land usage plan proposed dividing the

Figure 1 Shiodome Development Plan

Hibiya Dori Station Shimbashi Outline of City Plan Zone B

The Shiodome development covers a very

Ring Roa Zone A large area of central city land. To ensure d No. 2 Zone C integrated development in harmony with the surrounding area, the report of the JNRSC Asset Management Committee

Zone E proposed that the JNRSC and TMG work D1

Kaigan Dori together on the town planning basic D3 Zone F D2 concept as follows: • TMG would perform the town Zone D planning work to assure development

D4 Zone G with high public benefit. hway Hig Additional Route 3 • A redevelopment plan would be olitan defined to ensure creation of an Palace Garden Hama Detached Tokyo Metrop attractive city including the surrounding neighbourhood.

Proposed Park The following city plans were developed

n Tohoku lines Redevelopment zones based on these proposals. Zone H

te, Keihi 2 Public space 1 (7600 m ) ano Roads and new transport links Public space 2 (3600 m2) do, Yam

Tokai In July 1991, it was decided to build Zone I Plaza 1 (5200 m2) additional route 313; Minato ward roads

l Office and business zone rai No. 2 and No. 3; Bay pedestrian street ucho Mono ats (deck) No. 2; and the Yurikamome Tokyo am

Cultural and transport zone Tokyo e Ham Waterfront New Transport (to start JNRSC Land Office and business zone including residential units operations in July 1996 from the

Yokosuka Lin Office zone including k|à|~Å;b|éÄÅä provisionally named Shimbashi Station).

residential units aãéâÅé;nÑÖ}|;_Åê|~ÑÅÄ; to Shinagawa Scale At a further planning meeting in August 1993, these original plans were extended to include Additional Route 3, Minato site into four zones (Fig. 1) as follows Separation Block (divided into Zones Ward Road No. 4; Bay underground based on functionality: D south and D west) pedestrian street No. 3, and underground • Shimbashi–Ginza Block (divided into This complex would be focused on branch No. 1 to Additional Route 313. Zones A, B and C) business and commerce and would This complex would be focused on include residential space. Town planning international key businesses. The town planning and business plans • Shimbashi Block (divided into Zones To form a concrete investment plan based were decided in August 1992 and March D (north and E) on the above concepts and proposals, the 1995, respectively, followed by the first This complex would be focused on JNRSC, TMG and Minato Ward and second rounds of business plan cultural and transport amenities. established the Rail City Shiodome Project changes in October 1997 and July 1998. • Hamamatsucho Block (divided into Corporation in March 1991. In addition, Zones H and I) in October 1991, the JNRSC established Redevelopment zone plan This complex would be focused on the 100% capitalized Shiodome The basic city plans were decided in city businesses and would include Development Corporation for the purpose August 1992 and the zoning (A, B and C) residential space. of bringing the Shiodome development to was mapped out in August 1996. Changes • Shimbashi– Hamamatsucho early fruition. to the redevelopment plan (addition of

50 Japan Railway & Transport Review 35 • July 2003 Copyright © 2003 EJRCF. All rights reserved. Zone D south and Zone H were made in aim of the JNRSC was fast repayment of at the same time as the facilities of each December 1998. In addition, progress the long-term liabilities taken over from utility company. To permit smooth was made in making realignments to JNR and it put a great deal of effort into traffic flows and conservation of road Tokyo’s key transport facilities such as meetings to assure rapid rezoning to structures, all public utilities including subway line No. 12 (today’s TMG Oedo include basic city amenities such as roads drainage, cab system and electric Line) and Ring Road No. 2 (within the and parks. As a result, to assure fast power supply will be underground. Shiodome redevelopment site). development of the Shiodome area, the TMG planners decided to start Re-examination of business plan Rezoning and changes to construction of the Shimbashi–Takeshiba The need to change some of the road standard floor space ratio section of the Yurikamome Tokyo layout and city plans coupled with the Japanese building regulations are based on Waterfront New Transport system first. collapse of land prices and the deferment land usage zones and ratios of building Next, the TMG Planning Department of land sales by the Japanese government floor area to lot size, which is specified as finalized the Shiodome land usage plan had a major impact on the planned 400% for a standard industrial zone like for the area including the adjacent development and it became necessary to Shiodome had been in its railway lifetime. neighbourhood (30.7 ha in total) at a re-examine the business plan. However, in August 1996, the TMG meeting in August 1992, followed by a Since substitute land had already been approved rezoning of Zones A, B and C to decision on the business plan in March allocated in Zones A, B and C, any a commercial zone with a building floor 1995. changes could not have a major impact area ratio of 800%, permitting much higher on the plans, so the level of public buildings on the available land areas. Outline of business plans facilities was re-examined, including The planned public facilities are outlined changes to the TMG plans with the aim below: of cutting costs and increasing the area Town Planning • The purpose of the Shiodome of deferred land sales. As a result, the development in the heart of Toyo is to business plans were changed in October Details of Shiodome land usage create a highly-functional basic 1997. Subsequently, a meeting in July The TMG wanted the land usage plans to infrastructure appropriate to an 1998 made further slight changes to the be resolved as quickly as possible for the international business centre. For this business plan because of changes made following reasons: purpose, there is a strong need to build to the road alignment and splayed area • To start operating Yurikamome in time high-level facilities including Japan’s when determining changes to the land for the opening of the World City Expo largest extensive underground usage. to assure smooth transport between pedestrian mall and shared-use public the city centre and waterfront amenities. Land usage commission development • Ring Road No. 2 and Additional Route In June 1995, the Land Usage Commission • To promote construction of the Oedo 313 will become arterial roads and was formed by electing seven members Line, which was expected to run under grade separation will be used where of the Residential Landowners Committee Additional Route 313 Ring Road No. 2 crosses the JR East including the JNRSC Kanto Branch • To promote construction of Ring Road lines. A road under Route 313 will Chairman and one member of the Tenants No. 2 between Toranomon and provide convenient access to Committee; two expert members were Shimbashi specified in current city underground parking in buildings in the selected by the Governor of Tokyo. plans at the same time as working on planned Shiodome development. The the Shiodome land usage and to plans call for a 40-m wide underground Replotting designs secure required substitute JNRSC land walkway in the underground sections The replotting designs were conducted in inside the Shiodome site of Route 313 and Minato Ward Route two parts. In the first part in March 1996, • To assure a spacious city matching 3. A high pedestrian deck will create the development site was divided into international norms by examining pleasant, convenient and safe Zones A, B and C according to the JNRSC land usage and designs for open pedestrian spaces. land disposal schedule; in the second part spaces, parks, etc. • Parks will be built on the east and west in February 1994, the rest of the remaining sides of the JR lines. land was parcelled out. However, the On the other hand, the most important • Utility processing facilities will be built west side of the JR tracks was dotted with

many private landowners and public plan included the entire land City Alliance Committee to promote the facilities and amenities; these residents redevelopment area of 30.7 ha including city development. were given the opportunity of moving into the west side of the JR tracks and the In addition, to draw up concrete plans for condominiums or replotting to the east results were decided by the TMG in the land usage and construction, the side of the JR tracks. August 1992 as the Shiodome JNRSC held consultative meetings with the The main location of the 32,370 m2 of land Redevelopment Plan (Basic policy). government and settled on a joint put under deferred disposal by the Japanese redevelopment plan with the land government was about 18,000 m2 in Zone Adjustment plan purchasers. After the TMG planning D north, about 3000 m2 in Zone I and about • First stage (Zones A, B and C) decisions, the transfer of the land 11,000 m2 in each of the zones on the west The plans for Zones A, B and C were ownership was handled using the side of the JR tracks. However, sales priority decided at the August 1996 meeting Construction Planning Guidance method. for the deferred land was given to people to decide additional changes to the wanting to rebuild their lives easily. redevelopment plan. Development plans • Second stage Zone A, B and C at the Ginza end of the Provisional plot designation At the second meeting in December site received provisional land swap in The majority of the former land on the east 1998, the TMG planners decided to February 1996 and were auctioned off in side of the JR tracks was owned by JNRSC add new Zones D4 (D south) and H February 1997. Dentsu Inc. purchased and since underground construction work (including land reserved for JR Zone A, Mitsui Fudosan, Matsushita was already progressing on the ventilation ducts) to the original Electric Works, and Alderney Investments Yurikamome Tokyo Waterfront New planning revisions. At the same time, Pte Ltd Group purchased Zone B, and Transport system, the new Oedo Line part of the zones in the Nippon Television Broadcasting Network subway and the TMG Additional Route redevelopment plan for the west side purchased Zone C. Zones D4 (D south), 313, the first provisional plot designation of the JR tracks were cut for the E and H received provisional land swap was performed in March 1996 with purpose of reducing the total land in February 1998; Zone D4 was sold to a movements to Zones A, B and C that area (from 30.7 ha to 25.1 ha) and group of 8 companies led by Mitsubishi would not have any impact on other the plan became part of the Minato Estate Co. Ltd., and Mitsui Fudosan, Zone owners. The second provisional plot Ward New City Guidance Plan. E was sold to Kyodo News Agency and designation was performed in February Toppan Forms Co. Ltd., while Zone H was 1998 with moves into all the other purchased by the then Housing and Urban remaining JNRSC land (Zones D3, D Development Plan Development Corporation (now Urban south, E and H). Development Corporation). Sales procedure Redevelopment plans were drawn up for To create an attractive subcentre fit for the each zone in line with the City Land Redevelopment Plan 21st century, opinions were canvassed Guidelines; tower blocks for businesses, from many different people in all walks offices, hotels, etc., with a planned floor Generally, redevelopment depends on of life related to the Shiodome area. The area of 600,000 m2 and a maximum acquiring a reasonably large parcel of land Shiodome Forum was opened in February height up to about 200 m were planned in a good central location even if there 1996 and panel discussions were held by for Zones A, B and C at the Ginza end of are only poor public facilities. However, experts. In these discussions, a main the site. In addition, to maintain a good in the case of the Shiodome theme was how to create an attractive city city skyline around the Hamarikyuonshi redevelopment, since the basic city combining both free development and Park adjacent to Zones D4 (D south) and infrastructure like roads and public conformance with planning demands H, height restrictions were placed on the amenities were being put in place by the such as the TMG plans. Next, the JNRSC height of a planned 2000 residential town planning work, the 2nd facility and published a set of concrete City units. In Zone E, plans were drawn up local facilities focused mainly on work in Guidelines to assure the cooperation of for tower blocks including cultural and the residential areas. the land purchasers in the aim of building transport-related facilities. an attractive cityscape as well as Land In addition, the City Alliance Committee Basic proposal Sale Terms that land purchasers would members and the TMG planning The zones in the redevelopment business have to follow; JNRSC also established a department held a development meeting

52 Japan Railway & Transport Review 35 • July 2003 Copyright © 2003 EJRCF. All rights reserved. on Public Facilities for the Shiodome Redevelopment in October 1998 to work on a plan and schedule for public facilities that would match the overall development plans.

Railway remains During a survey excavation for historic remains conducted from 1991 in the area of the Shiodome site, the foundations of the first Shimbashi Station terminus of the Aerial view of Shiodome Freight Terminal at closure in 1986 (Transport Information Center) first railway line built in Japan were found along with the platforms and track beds in Zone B. It was decided to preserve 1824 m2 of these historic railway remains and on 18 October 1996, the Old Shimbashi Station Terminus was designated as a Tangible Cultural Property by the national government as the result of a report by the Cultural Properties Commission. The JNRSC was selling the Shiodome site containing these historic remains but in December 1996 the Old Shimbashi Station Terminus Preservation and Restoration Working Group was established under the leadership of the late Emeritus Professor Yoshinosuke Yasoshima of the University of Tokyo. An inspection was made on how to preserve the remains and the best method for restoring the Old Shimbashi Station Aerial view of redeveloped Sio-site in September 2002 (TMG, Bureau of Construction) Terminus and in March 1998, the JNRSC asked the East Japan Railway Culture remaining large parcels of open land left in infrastructure functions for business, Foundation (EJRCF) to manage the the centre of Tokyo, and offered a chance the aim was to build a prosperous and preservation and restoration work. Based to build both an attractive urban subcentre intimate subcentre where people on the work of the previously mentioned as well as a way to revitalize the economic could gather easily. Preservation and Restoration Working activity of Tokyo as a whole and to establish • Stylish city Group, the JNRSC drew up a concrete a better and fuller life for Tokyo residents. The aim of the designers was to build proposal following the requirements of the The City Guidelines gave concrete form to a town with tasteful building exteriors Cultural Properties Commission to the plan to build an attractive cityscape and a calm atmosphere preserve and restore the remains and through assuring the cooperation of people • Green city based on the City Guidelines for purchasing the Shiodome land from JNRSC. Tokyo has a smaller area of parks and redeveloping Zones A, B and C in the In addition to establishing the basic rules green spaces per head of population Shiodome site. for cooperation between the various than many other international cities, landowners, the guidelines also established and the planners aim was remedy this City Guidelines concrete methods to assure a unified partially by creating more verdant (Zones A, B and C) concept for the Shiodome development. green spaces in the heart of the city. • Prosperous and active city • Shiodome identity The Shiodome area was one of the few In addition to providing various The Shiodome district is an historic

part of Tokyo and the planners tried air could circulate easily in the heart of The designers of the Sankun Plaza have to design a city for the 21st century the city. adopted a modern barrier-free design that still retained some of its older using a large number of escalators and lifts character. Building development to linking the Plaza with the surface and • Affluent city In addition to landscaping a beautiful pedestrian decks. The plan was to build an active top- green city, the building designs were In addition, each part of the Plaza in Zones level business centre that still retained harmonized to assure an exterior theme. A, B and C has a unique ambience the essential elements of good city The height of each building was planned achieved through wall art, etc., typifying living such as residential units, in accordance with the redevelopment the character of the zone. A good example transport links, cultural facilities, etc., and construction concepts to create a is the impression achieved at the entrance to provide an enjoyable and livable regulated skyline. (The height of to the Ginza part of Zone B. The Sankun environment. buildings in Zones A, B and C was limited Plaza and the lower levels of the buildings • Autonomous city to about 210 m above ground level by connected to the Plaza have restaurants, The aim was create an autonomous flight path restrictions for nearby Haneda shopping malls, amusements, etc. safe urban subcentre based on sound Airport.) To relieve any oppressive sustainable principles such as energy feelings of ultra-high skyscrapers on Pedestrian deck conservation, recycling, etc. pedestrians, the buildings were designed Public space 1 (pedestrian deck) defined like pyramids with larger floor areas at the in the redevelopment plans provides a lower levels and smaller floor areas at the smooth connection between the Guidelines higher levels as well as with suitable Shiodome area and Ginza, and the facilities and amenities like restaurants, Shimbashi and Hamatsucho sides. The Characteristics of each zone shopping malls, cinemas and other target was to create a public space with The characteristics of each zone were amusements to create a bustling and an area of more than 2000 m2 in Zone A. established in line with the basic prosperous urban centre. However, The pedestrian decks in Zones B and C redevelopment plan. facilities like betting shops, gambling provide easy access with pedestrian Zones A, B and C are mainly centred parlors, etc., with potential adverse social walkway 2 (public pedestrian deck). In around business and commerce; the impact were not built. addition, the pedestrian deck in Zone C office-related floor area in Zones A, B and To create a new tasteful cityscape, is linked with Zone E. C was re-examined for Zones A, B, C, D4 consideration was given to the building The pedestrian decks in each zone have and H, and was limited to the total floor forms and exteriors as well as to been integrated with the buildings as far area corresponding to the fair ratio of positioning and use of signs and as possible to facilitate passage between building size to lot size. In addition, there advertising hoardings. buildings but they are also arranged to are also non-office uses such as hotels, provide pedestrians with an interesting shops, kiosks, halls, etc. walk. The pedestrian decks are barrier- Zones D4 and H that were expected to Development of Public Spaces free, all on the same level and sheltered be land swap to JNRSC were developed from rain, etc. The design of the Plaza, as dedicated high-density residential Plazas, etc. decks and other public spaces has been zones matching the Shiodome identity. Smooth pedestrian flow underground and organized into a unified whole to provide In addition, the housing requirements to and from the surface in Zones A, B and a pleasing and pleasant environment. for Zones A, B and C based on Minato C is assured by roads such as Minato Ward ward’s housing guidelines were Route 3 and Additional Route 313, Management of green spaces, matched with other JNRSC swapped underground malls, and open spaces like parks, etc. land to create more centralized housing the Sankun Plaza (Plaza 1 in the In addition to greening the various public in both Zones D4 and H. redevelopment plan); this plaza is centrally spaces to encourage people to gather in The heights of buildings in Zones E, D and arranged to provide access to each of Zones each of the zones, as many tree-planted H forming the heart of the Shiodome site A, B and C and has a total area of 5200 m2 areas as possible have been provided with were kept low following the divided between the three zones (about the idea of creating a calming and pleasant redevelopment concept of creating open 1500 m2 in Zone A, 1800 m2 in Zone B cityscape. green-planted spaces through which fresh and 1400 m2 in Zone C). On the Hama Detached Palace Garden

Business Main Business Field Total Floor Area No. of Floors Schedule side of the development, large trees have (Land Usage Ratio) Zone A Dentsu Corporation Business offices, 206,851 m2 Head Office Tower: 5 floors Completion: been planted to create a green belt and Dentsu Kosan Service Commercial space, (1,199.5%) underground, 48 floors above October 2002 Cultural facilities Annex: 3 floors underground, 9 landscaping with trees has been used floors above throughout the development to create an Zone B Mitsui Fudosan, Business offices, 236,435 m2 Shiodome AM Tower: 4 floors Completion: Alderney Investments Commercial space, (1,200%) underground, 43 floors above January 2003 integrated and green natural environment. Pte Ltd., Matsushita Showrooms, Matsushita Denko Head Office Electric Works, East Exhibition hall Building: 4 floors underground, 24 Lighting has an important effect on mood Japan Railway Culture floors above Foundation Old Shimbashi Station Exhibition and evening illumination is provided Hall: 2 floors above throughout the development to enhance Zone C Nippon Television Offices, Broadcasting 187,893.28 m2 Nihon TV Broadcasting Network Completion: Network Kajima Center, Hotel, (1,200%) Office: 4 floors underground, 32 April 2003 the attractiveness of the area. Shiodome Business floors above Development Kajima Construction Corporation: Corporation 4 floors underground, 38 floors Joint facilities management above Zone D Mori Trust Sumitomo Offices, Commercial about 160,570 m2 4 floors underground, 37 floors Full opening: All services required for the common North 1 Fudosan Kenbutsu facilities, Hotel (provisional land above late 2004 Service Mori Sangyo usage ratio 900%) good, such as air conditioning, waste Trust collection, controls on radio interference Zone D Sumitomo Fudosan Business offices, about 90,700 m2 3 floors underground, 26 floors Completion: North 2 Sumitomo Life Cultural amenities, (provisional land above July 2004 by mobile telephones, gardening services, Insurance Transport facilities usage ratio 900%) Zone D Nittsu, Nittsu Fudosan Business offices, 46,350.81 m2 4 floors underground, 28 floors Completion: safety patrols and cleaning are jointly North 3 Cultural amenities, (839.90%) above June 2003 managed by the site landowners. Transport facilities Zone D Mitsubishi Estate Co. 1000 Residential 93,320 m2 N Tower: 2 floors underground, 47 Completion: South Ltd., Mitsui Fudosan, units, Living (600%) floors above June 2003 Sumitomo Fudosan, amenities S Tower: 2 floors underground, 47 Safety and disaster prevention Tokyo Tatemono, floors above ORIX, Sumitomo Each zone has fire hydrants, and stores of Corp, Mitsui Bussan, emergency drinking water and food to Heiwa Fudosan Zone E Kyodo News Agency Business offices, 83,907 m2 Kyodo News Head Office: 4 floors Kyodo News provide relief in case of a major disaster Toppan Forms Hotel, Commercial (900%) underground, 34 floors above Agency facilities Annex: 8 floors above completion: like an earthquake. Similarly, as far as Toppan Forms Head Office: 1 2003 possible, each zone has helipads on the floor underground, 19 floors above Toppan Forms completion: tops of major buildings and in open spaces April 2003 Zone H Urban Development Rented housing units 69,640 m2 Housing tower: 2 floors Completion: to assist in emergency rescues. In Corporation (about 940), Living (600%) underground, 56 floors above February 2004 addition, emergency evacuation sites are amenities Zone I Taisei Corporation, J- Business offices, — — — designated in open spaces. Diner Tokai Nihon Commercial facilities, Seimei Showa Shell Residential units Sharmu Hamatsucho City Deferred Land Assured public car parking Management Space for public car parking is available West West Zone land Business offices, about 98,000 m2 No. of buildings: about 35 After July Zone owners Rental offices, (700%) 1 to 4 floors underground 2002 in the legally required building car parks (Zones F Commercial facilities, 5 to 16 floors above and G) Housing (provisional and this public parking is linked as far as Italian town) possible to underground branch 1 of Additional Route 313. rebuilding aims to play a role in site which is finally starting to come Revitalizing an historic resource revitalizing the Shiodome area. together as a whole and we are looking The historic remains of Japan’s first railway The above plans and concepts for building forward eagerly to the project completion station composed of the station a new urban subcentre are gradually in the next 18 months (Table 1). I foundation, both sides of the platform and progressing in each zone of the Shiodome track bed are preserved in their current conditions as a Tangible Cultural Property Yuro Nishikawa and an exhibition hall has been built on the site of the Old Shimbashi Station by Mr Nishikawa is a counselor at Obayashi Corporation. He joined JNR in 1965 after graduating in civil EJRCF to recreate an image of the early engineering from Kyushu University. He held various senior positions in JNRSC after the JNR privatization in 1987. He became a director of Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation in days of Japanese railways. In addition to 1998 before joining Obayashi Corporation in 2001. its aim of drawing people to the restoration site and exhibition hall symbolizing the railway history of Shiodome, the station