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American Diplomacy Project: a US Diplomatic Service for the 21St
AMERICAN DIPLOMACY PROJECT A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Ambassador Nicholas Burns Ambassador Marc Grossman Ambassador Marcie Ries REPORT NOVEMBER 2020 American Diplomacy Project: A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 www.belfercenter.org Statements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Design and layout by Auge+Gray+Drake Collective Works Copyright 2020, President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America FULL PROJECT NAME American Diplomacy Project A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Ambassador Nicholas Burns Ambassador Marc Grossman Ambassador Marcie Ries REPORT NOVEMBER 2020 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy School i ii American Diplomacy Project: A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................3 10 Actions to Reimagine American Diplomacy and Reinvent the Foreign Service ........................................................5 Action 1 Redefine the Mission and Mandate of the U.S. Foreign Service ...................................................10 Action 2 Revise the Foreign Service Act ................................. 16 Action 3 Change the Culture .................................................. -
Continuation of Locality Payments for Non-General Schedule Employees
The President's Pay Agent Washington, DC 20415-0001 November 24, 2014 MEMORANDUM FOR HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES SUBJECT: Continuation of Locality Payments for Non-General Schedule Employees The law requires that locality pay for non-General Schedule (GS) categories of employees must be renewed each year (5 U.S.C. 5304(h)). Each year, the President’s Pay Agent issues a memorandum to continue locality pay for non-GS categories. This memorandum continues locality payments in 2015 for the same Governmentwide and single-agency categories of employees who are authorized to receive 2014 locality payments, except where agencies have informed us they no longer need locality payments for certain single-agency categories of employees. This action does not increase percentage rates of locality pay and does not authorize locality pay for any categories of employees not already receiving locality pay. Under the President’s alternative pay plan for 2015, locality pay percentages will continue at the same rates that were in effect since 2010 for the Governmentwide categories shown in Attachment 1 with no further action required by any agency. Under the statute, locality payments may be made to single-agency categories of employees only at the request of the head of an Executive agency. Attachment 2 shows single-agency categories receiving locality pay in 2014, and these categories will continue to receive locality pay in 2015 at existing percentage rates without any further action required by any agency unless the head of an Executive -
The Executive Schedule IV Pay Cap on General Schedule Compensation
Order Code RL34380 The Executive Schedule IV Pay Cap on General Schedule Compensation Updated October 23, 2008 Curtis W. Copeland Specialist in American National Government Government and Finance Division The Executive Schedule IV Pay Cap on General Schedule Compensation Summary Annual pay adjustments for about 1.3 million employees under the General Schedule (GS) and certain other systems are governed by Section 529 of P.L. 101- 509, the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 (FEPCA), which generally requires that covered employees receive an annual basic pay adjustment and a locality-based comparability payment. For the GS pay adjustment that took effect in January 2008, the size of the total pay increase (i.e., the annual adjustment plus locality pay) varied across the 32 pay areas, but averaged 3.5% nationwide. In recent years, though, an increasing number of GS employees have not received all of the base and locality pay increases that were designated for their pay areas. By law (5 U.S.C. §5304(g)(1)), base GS pay and locality pay combined cannot exceed Level IV of the Executive Schedule (EX-IV) — which, for 2008, is set at $149,000. Therefore, GS employees whose total pay was already equivalent to EX-IV could only receive the same amount of pay increase that was provided to employees in the Executive Schedule (which, for 2008, was 2.5%). Any employees whose pay was below EX-IV but, after the increase, would have been above Level IV, could only receive a portion of the total increase scheduled for other employees in their pay area. -
American Diplomacy at Risk
American Diplomacy at Risk APRIL 2015 American Academy of Diplomacy April 2015 | 1 American Academy of Diplomacy American Diplomacy at Risk APRIL 2015 © Copyright 2015 American Academy of Diplomacy 1200 18th Street NW, Suite 902 Washington DC 20036 202.331.3721 www.academyofdiplomacy.org Contents Participants . 6 Donors . 7 I . Introduction: American Diplomacy at Risk . 9 II . The Politicization of American Diplomacy . 14 A. General Discussion . 14 B. The Cost of Non-Career Political Appointees . .15 C. Recommendations . 17 III . The Nullification of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 . .22 . A. General Discussion . 22 B. Recommendations . 24 IV . Valuing the Professional Career Foreign Service . .30 A. Basic Skills of Diplomacy . 30 B. Diplomatic Readiness Compromised . 31 C. Background . 34 D. Entry-Level Recommendations . 39 E. Mid-Level Recommendations . 42 V . Defining and Improving Opportunities for Professional Civil Service Employees 44 A. Discussion . 44 B. Recommendations . 45 VI . State’s Workforce Development, Organization and Management . .47 A. Discussion . 47 B. Recommendations . 47 Appendix A . 51 Washington Post op-ed by Susan R. Johnson, Ronald E. Neumann and Thomas R. Pickering of April 11, 2013 Appendix B . 53 State Press Guidance of April 12, 2013 Appendix C . 55 List of Special Advisors, Envoys and Representatives Appendix D . 57 Project Paper: Study of Entry-Level Officers, The Foreign Service Professionalism Project for the American Academy of Diplomacy, by Jack Zetkulic, July 9, 2014 American Diplomacy at Risk Participants Project Team Ambassador Thomas D. Boyatt, Susan Johnson, Ambassador Lange Schermerhorn, Ambassador Clyde Taylor Co-Chairs Ambassador Marc Grossman and Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering Chair of Red Team Ambassador Edward Rowell American Academy of Diplomacy Support Team President: Ambassador Ronald E. -
ADS Chapter 413 Civil Service Appointments and Employment
ADS Chapter 413 Civil Service Appointments and Employment Partial Revision Date: 04/28/2015 Responsible Office: HCTM File Name: 413_042815 04/28/2015 Partial Revision Functional Series 400 – Personnel ADS 413 – Civil Service Appointments and Employment POC for ADS 413: Cherie Mennel, (202) 712-0656, [email protected] Table of Contents 413.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................ 4 413.2 PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................. 4 413.3 POLICY DIRECTIVES AND REQUIRED PROCEDURES .... 9 413.3.1 General Provision ................................................................................ 9 413.3.2 Restrictions on the Employment of Relatives ................................... 9 413.3.3 Effective Date of Appointment............................................................ 9 413.3.4 Citizenship Requirement ..................................................................... 9 413.3.5 Statutory Bar to Appointment of Persons Who Fail to Register under the Selective Service Law ................................................................... 9 413.3.6 Prohibition Against Political Recommendations ............................ 10 413.3.7 Security Clearance Requirement ...................................................... 10 413.3.8 Types of Employment ....................................................................... 10 413.3.8.1 Volunteer Service ................................................................................ 10 413.3.8.2 Prohibitions -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project DAVID E. REUTHER Interviewed by: Raymond C. Ewing Initial interview date: August 29, 1996 Copyrig t 2002 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background aised in Seattle, Washington Occidental College$ George Washington University (GWU) (China studies) Sino,Soviet Institute (GWU) .ntered Foreign Service , 1901 2ational Security Agency (2SA) 1930,1901 U.S. Pueblo State Department , Foreign Service Institute (FSI) , Thai 6anguage Training 1901,1901 Peace Corps 7ietnam , CO DS A,111 Udorn, Thailand , 7ice Consul 1901,1908 Insurgency Development and security U.S. Air Force facilities monitoring U.S. military,Thai relations Contacts Ambassador 6eonard Unger Political reporting AID programs International 7isitor Program Peace Corps U.S. missionaries elations with embassy Thai government .conomy Students in U.S. Interagency liaison 1 Bangkok, Thailand , Political Officer 1908,1903 Demonstrations (student) Coup d;état U.S. Air Force eporting FBIS 7ietnam U.S.,Thai relations Sanya Ambassador William Kintner Ambassadorial transition Ambassador Charles Whitehouse USS Mayaguez incident Insurgency , 1903 Songkhla, Thailand , Temporary Duty (TDY) 190A efugees Consular district Contacts with officials Congressional attitude State Department , FSI , .conomic Studies 1903 State Department , Bureau of Near .ast and Asian Affairs (2.A) 1903,1908 Baghdad Interest Section .mbassy contacts IraC policy objectives U.S. policy IraCi intransigencies State Department , Staff Secretariat (SDS) 1908,1909 SDS organization Secretary of State Cyrus 7ance Middle .ast trips Preparations for Secretary of State trips President Carter trips Iran,IraC War Teheran embassy seized IraCi foreign policy Kurds Carter and human rights Patt Derian IraCi dialogue State Department , China Affairs , .conomic Officer 1909,1981 2ormalizing relations with China 2 Chas Freeman Chinese language training U.S. -
Federal Public Sector Employment - December 1994
TRENDS IN PUBLIC SECTOR PAY IN OECD COUNTRIES 1997 Edition ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: - to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; - to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and - to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996) and the Republic of Korea (12th December 1996). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). PubliC en frangais sous le titre : EVOLUTION DES REMUNERATIONS DU SECTEUR PUBLIC DANS LES PAYS DE L’OCDE Edition 1997 0 OECD 1997 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre fraqais d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, Tel. -
Understanding the State Department
605 September 25, 1987 UNDERSTANDING THE STATE DEPARTMENT . .. .... .. INTRODUCTION Two years from this month, the De artment of State will celebrate its bicentennial anniversary. Back in those irst days of U.S. independence the Department was staffed with a half-dozenP employees on a budget of less than $60,000. Today, the State Department employs over 25,000 people around the world on an annual operating budget of over $4 billion. The State Department has been a source of frustration and dissatisfaction for every President since at least Franklin D. Roosevelt. Often called the "fudge factory," it was described by John F. Kennedy as "a bowl full of jello." While Ronald Reagan's private views of the State Department are unknown, he is entitled to use language even more pointed than Kennedy's. For it is an intriguing anomaly that the power and influence of the career Foreign Service, which largely runs the Department, have reached an apex in Reagan's administration even though he campaigned for office promising to bring the federal bureaucracy under control. Bureaucratic Imperatives; Many of the career Foreign Service Officers--called FSOs--who conduct the Department's day-to-day operations and to a significant extent direct foreign policy, are governed by bureaucratic imperatives. While: . intelligent and hard-working, they weigh career and institutional interests heavily in formulating and carrying out policies. They often seem more concerned to please foreign governments than their own, often seek agreements for agreements' sake, and place a high priority on continuity in foreign policy. Their power is enormous because most noncareer officials at State defer to the judgments of the career staff, who often seem impervious to the wishes.of a President and the people who elected him. -
International Public Administration Reform : Implications for the Russian Federation: Country Reform Summaries
International Public Administration Reform : Implications for the Russian Federation: Country Reform Summaries February 2003 Nick Manning/Neil Parison Page 1 11/22/2004 International Public Administration Reform Country Reform Summaries.doc International Public Administration Reform : Implications for the Russian Federation : Country Reform Summaries ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................................................................9 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................11 1: AUSTRALIA..........................................................................................................12 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................12 The sequence of reforms ......................................................................................12 Reformers' concerns.............................................................................................13 INSTITUTIONAL STARTING POINTS.............................................................................14 Constitution/political system................................................................................14 Structure of Government......................................................................................15 Central agencies and reform management..........................................................16 Politicization........................................................................................................17 -
The Foreign Service Journal, July-August 2021
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JULY-AUGUST 2021 DIVERSITY & INCLUSION: PERSPECTIVES TIME FOR STATE U FOREIGN SERVICE July-August 2021 Volume 98, No. 6 Focus: Perspectives on Diversity & Inclusion 23 31 37 Diversity and Inclusion Asian Americans Three Myths in the U.S. Foreign Can No Longer Be Silent, That Sustain Structural Service: A Primer and Neither Should You Racism at State Here is a historical look at gender, Generations of citizenship and Countering bias and recognizing ethnic and racial diversity in the sacrifices for and contributions overt racism are important, but it’s Foreign Service and the long and to America notwithstanding, Asian time to go beyond this work uneven battle for progress. Americans face the need to prove and take a hard look at institutional By Harry W. Kopp their loyalty over and over. racism in the department. By Kim Bissonnette By Michael Honigstein 28 Achieving Parity 34 40 for Women in the The Power of Rooting Out Foreign Service Vulnerability Microaggressions A better understanding of the A Black former consular fellow, What does exclusion look like? barriers to women’s advancement— whose report of her ordeal at An FSO explores the concept of and good data—is needed to the hands of U.S. officials at the microaggressions—and suggests continue moving forward. border with Mexico shook up how shining a light on them can the State Department, shares By Kathryn Drenning help foster a culture of inclusion. her thoughts today. By Charles Morrill By Tianna Spears 44 How the Transition Center Expands Inclusion Described as a “hidden gem” Feature by this FSO, FSI’s Transition Center has a range of tools and services that are vital in helping build a more agile, 47 inclusive Department of State. -
The Order of Precedence of the United States of America
THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Revised on May 14, 2020 The U.S. Order of Precedence is an advisory document maintained by the Ceremonials Division of the Office of the Chief of Protocol. The U.S. Order of Precedence is not the order of succession. For purposes of protocol, the U.S. Order of Precedence establishes the order and ranking of the United States leadership for official events at home and abroad, e.g. seating or speaking order. Although this document establishes a general order for the country’s highest-level positions, it does not include every positional title across the federal government. Offices of Protocol for the executive departments and independent agencies should be consulted for internal rankings regarding positions not listed. In 1908, the Roosevelt Administration created the first U.S. Order of Precedence as a means of settling a history of embarrassment, confusion, and miscommunication amongst officials invited to events at the White House. As the structure of the federal government evolved, this list has adapted and grown. The President of the United States may make adjustments to the Cabinet, to give certain White House positions the status of Cabinet-rank which then follow the heads of the executive departments. The U.S. Order of Precedence is used primarily in diplomacy. International rules on precedence were first established at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. By determining that envoys of equal title would be ranked according to the date and hour that they presented their credentials to the government that accredited them for service, the Congress of Vienna solidified a fair and justifiable system for diplomatic relations. -
" ~~P~FD&Eci To7~J~~F~ NSA on 06-14-2012 Pursuant to E.O. 1352A
~· •?1:... -." ~~p~FD&eci to7~J~~f~ NSA on 06-14-2012 pursuant to E.O. 1352a \.' National Security Agency Act of 1959, 50 U.S.C. S402 note (1976 & West Supp. 1981), as amended by Intelligence Authorization Act of 1982, Pub. L. No. 97-89, §§601-03, 95 Stat~ 1150. NATIONAL SF.cURITY AGENCY A&f OF 1959 To provide certain administrative authorities for .the Nationar Security Agency, and for othe~ putposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That: . This Act may be cited as the "National Security Agency Act of 1959." . siction 202 of the Classification Act of 19.49, as amended (5. U.S.C. 1082), is amended by changing the period at the end thereof to a semicolon and adding the following new paragraph: · "(32} the National Security Agency." [Repealed. See note.] SEC. 2. The Secretary of Defense (or his designee for the purpose)· is authorized to establish such positions, and to appoint thereto, without regard to the civil service laws 1 such officers and employees, in the Nationa) Security Agency, as may be necessary t6. 6arry. out the functions of·· such agency. The· rates of basic compensation for such positions shall be fixed by the Secretary of Defense _ (or his designee for the purpose} in relation to the rates of basic.compensation contained in the General Schedule.of the Clas sification Act of 1949, as amended, for positions subj~ct to such Act which have corresponding levels of duties and respon sibilities.