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Reading, Writing, and 'Rithmetic

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Reading, Writing, and 'Rithmetic qTHE uarto No. 37 THE CLEMENTS LIBRARY ASSOCIATES SPRING-SUMMER 2012 READING, WRITING, AND ‘RITHMETIC ome long-time friends of the American Magazine and Historical first issue and nearly two decades into Clements Library know that Chronicle filling the gap from 1985 to its revamped incarnation, The Quarto The Quarto debuted in July 1989. When Volume 1, Number 1 of receives regular praise as one of the 1943. “Prepared in the Interests The Quarto’s “New Series” came off best research library magazines in of Book Collecting at the University of the press in 1994, it was a different the country. SMichigan.” The first issue and its war- breed of serial. Director John C. Dann, In the past twenty years The time successors consisted of four pages editor Arlene P. Shy, and designer Quarto has looked at a wide range of on off-white paper, an 8" x 11" trim Kathleen Horn expanded the trim size, subjects. National historical anniversa- size, no illustrations, and a ries—the War of 1812, three-column text. Although the Civil War, the Director Randolph G. Adams French & Indian War, was the editor, The Quarto the City of Detroit’s began as a publication of tercentenary in 2001, the University’s Libraries the Hudson-Champlain Advisory Committee, so con- quadricentennial three tent from other U-M libraries years ago—have con- sometimes made its way into sumed entire issues, the early numbers. That prac- as have celebrations tice soon ceased, and by of Clements Library Number 10 (November 1945) chronological mile- the colophon read, “Issued stones and memorable Occasionally by the Clements personnel. Attention Library.” “Occasionally” to the ebb and flow of meant biannually in most early American histori- of the early years, but cal scholarship has led Number 70 (September to Quartos on women, 1965) announced a change recreation, culinary to a quarterly schedule that history, travel, Native lasted for fifteen years. The Americans, the graphic March 1948 issue (Number arts, local history, 15) added “for the Clements and the West Indies. Library Associates,” then in Number 16 (Fall Sheet music for The Boarding School: A Descriptive Divertimento by their first year of existence, 2001) highlighted the John H. Hewitt (Baltimore, 1852) featured the Baltimore Collegiate to the masthead. Although Library’s outstanding Institute for Ladies as a cover illustration. afew illustrations crept in by in-kind donors and the late 1940s, experiments with glossy added pages, introduced longer articles, reminded readers that a great antiquarian paper and photographic reproductions and made a mix of text and illustrations collection maintains and extends its in the following decade failed to stick, a standard feature of every issue. Brian reach far more through gifts than presumably due to budget constraints. Dunnigan succeeded Arlene Shy as purchases, a message that Number Through issue Number 140 (Fall 1984) editor in 1999, with John C. Harriman 22 (Fall-Winter 2004) repeated just in The Quarto remained as it had begun— joining him as assistant editor, and case some of you needed to hear it twice four pages, letter-size, matte paper, Kathy Horn continued her efforts as Occasionally we’ve mixed things up text-heavy, offering short articles designer extraordinaire. Working with a little by offering issues with multiple and snippets of information about the Library’s curators and a changing themes that let the curators show off the Library’s holdings of early paper cast of other contributors, they made their favorite pieces. Last year, as we Americana. the magazine a window on the depth began planning for the renovation of The Quarto went on hiatus for and breadth of the Library’s collections. this magnificent structure, we focused ten years after Number 140, with The Today, nearly seventy years after the on the building and the extraordinary beauty of Albert Kahn’s design. The American history.” The Clements has essays/assignments, documents about graphic approach to teaching history in net result of 36 “new” Quarto issues, an outstanding collection of early subscription schools, and other manu- itself neglects its own historical roots. we hope, has been to keep the Clements American schoolbooks, and Book scripts relating to early education. Using maps in education, and especially Library Associates well informed and Curator Emi Hastings provides a Articles of this length only skim the sur- for understanding history, is a practice to make them proud of the Library. good overview of them. Terese Austin face, of course, but they should suffice nearly as old as maps themselves. This issue of The Quarto takes mines our rich holdings of tune books to let readers know that if their field is Ancient Greeks displayed three-dimen- early American education as its theme. to look at William Billings and other the history of American education, the sional models of the universe in public The Library’s holdings in this important early proponents of music education for Clements has a remarkable assortment places to which students had access; area of social history are quite extensive. American youth. Curatorial Assistants of primary sources ready for their use. celestial globes were exhibited in schools for the edification of students Mary Pedley looks at Emma Willard and Naomi Herman-Aplet and Erin Platte — J. Kevin Graffagnino learning the constellations. Roman her schools for young women as pio- survey our holdings in correspondence Director neers “in the use of maps for teaching between teachers and students, student writers and educators such as Eumenius in the third century advocated the study of geography by using world maps (mappaemundi) displayed in the porticos of schools: “Let the boys and girls see MAPS AND EDUCATION on the colonnades all the lands and all the seas.” By the Renaissance and the “ “n history I have invented expanding use of printing to disseminate the map,” wrote Emma Hart knowledge, the map and the school atlas Willard (1787–1870) to a friend in were soon in the hands of students. November 1848. Willard was referring Abraham Ortelius (1527–98) designed Ito her Series of Maps to Accompany a special set of maps to illustrate history, Willard’s History of the United States known as the Parergon. The early atlas- Emma Willard represented Native American history in A Series of Maps (New York, 1829) (1829, 1831), copies of which form part es of Mercator were prepared in small by an Introductory Map: Locations and Wanderings of the Aboriginal Tribes. of the Clements atlas collection. These portable editions, suitable for carrying novel maps told the story of the United to school. By the seventeenth century, sentiments of which Mrs. Willard would al format, comprising maps of the world, States (or, as Willard put it, the Republic atlas makers were already specializing heartily approve. The maps in the followed by the continents, with larger of America) in a graphic and geographic in the school atlas format, with map Clements copy of the Dangeau atlas scale maps of regions or individual way, providing the young reader with publishers such as Pierre Duval (1619– exhibit only France; they are “cartes countries. The school atlases of Mathew simple, easy-to-read maps of the territo- 82) creating the small format atlases in muettes” (mute maps, i.e., empty maps), Carey (1760–1839) and John Melish ry from the Atlantic to just beyond the duo-decimo or quarto sizes for schools. which are created for the students to (1771–1822) of Philadelphia were Mississippi River at different points in “No student was well received by his fill in with different features of French designed for the general study of geog- the development of the colonies and professor if he was not armed with his geography and history, such as rivers, raphy based on location, not on history; young Republic. Duval,” wrote the geographer Didier cities, provinces, and administrative their atlases only contained one or two Willard’s maps were the first Robert de Vaugondy in describing the districts. Each map is only partially maps focused on North America and American cartographic productions pre- standard-issue atlas for eighteenth-cen- labeled, leaving the student to add such the United States. The use of maps for pared especially to follow a single his- tury French students. Like Ortelius, information as the teacher might require. teaching American history in the early torical theme closely, carefully, and Duval’s cartography was designed to Atlases such as this, with blank Republic was unique to Emma Willard consistently. They reflect her resource- illuminate ancient history, with maps maps and areas awaiting color, were and emerged from her own education, ful, innovative approach to all matters of the voyages of Ulysses and the staples of continental European schools. which had depended heavily on the of pedagogy as she became one of the Trojan War, but it also included maps The expectation of the student being work of Jedidiah Morse (1761– most articulate advocates not only of illustrating more recent itineraries and able to draw a map independently and 1826) especially Geography Made Easy. education for women but of new discoveries, such as that showing travels label it appropriately is made clear by Concern and support for education approaches to the construction and and discoveries in “French Florida” in Willard in the preface to her History of in North America had its roots in the teaching of American history. Her the 1560s. the United States: “The class are each Northwest Ordinance (1787), which Troy Female Seminary (now the Emma Another type of school atlas that furnished with a black board, about two guaranteed public education in the states Willard School), with its curriculum is still used today, and certainly advocat- feet in length, and nearly the same in of the Northwest Territory with the that emphasized the sciences and ed by Mrs.
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