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No. 37 THE CLEMENTS LIBRARY ASSOCIATES SPRING-SUMMER 2012

READING, WRITING, AND ‘RITHMETIC ome long-time friends of the American Magazine and Historical first issue and nearly two decades into Clements Library know that Chronicle filling the gap from 1985 to its revamped incarnation, The Quarto The Quarto debuted in July 1989. When Volume 1, Number 1 of receives regular praise as one of the 1943. “Prepared in the Interests The Quarto’s “New Series” came off best research library magazines in of Book Collecting at the University of the press in 1994, it was a different the country. SMichigan.” The first issue and its war- breed of serial. Director John C. Dann, In the past twenty years The time successors consisted of four pages editor Arlene P. Shy, and designer Quarto has looked at a wide range of on off-white paper, an 8" x 11" trim Kathleen Horn expanded the trim size, subjects. National historical anniversa- size, no illustrations, and a ries—the War of 1812, three-column text. Although the Civil War, the Director Randolph G. Adams French & Indian War, was the editor, The Quarto the City of Detroit’s began as a publication of tercentenary in 2001, the University’s Libraries the Hudson-Champlain Advisory Committee, so con- quadricentennial three tent from other U-M libraries years ago—have con- sometimes made its way into sumed entire issues, the early numbers. That prac- as have celebrations tice soon ceased, and by of Clements Library Number 10 (November 1945) chronological mile- the colophon read, “Issued stones and memorable Occasionally by the Clements personnel. Attention Library.” “Occasionally” to the ebb and flow of meant biannually in most early American histori- of the early years, but cal scholarship has led Number 70 (September to Quartos on women, 1965) announced a change recreation, culinary to a quarterly schedule that history, travel, Native lasted for fifteen years. The Americans, the graphic March 1948 issue (Number arts, local history, 15) added “for the Clements and the West Indies. Library Associates,” then in Number 16 (Fall Sheet music for The Boarding School: A Descriptive Divertimento by their first year of existence, 2001) highlighted the John H. Hewitt (Baltimore, 1852) featured the Baltimore Collegiate to the masthead. Although Library’s outstanding Institute for Ladies as a cover illustration. afew illustrations crept in by in-kind donors and the late 1940s, experiments with glossy added pages, introduced longer articles, reminded readers that a great antiquarian paper and photographic reproductions and made a mix of text and illustrations collection maintains and extends its in the following decade failed to stick, a standard feature of every issue. Brian reach far more through gifts than presumably due to budget constraints. Dunnigan succeeded Arlene Shy as purchases, a message that Number Through issue Number 140 (Fall 1984) editor in 1999, with John C. Harriman 22 (Fall-Winter 2004) repeated just in The Quarto remained as it had begun— joining him as assistant editor, and case some of you needed to hear it twice four pages, letter-size, matte paper, Kathy Horn continued her efforts as Occasionally we’ve mixed things up text-heavy, offering short articles designer extraordinaire. Working with a little by offering issues with multiple and snippets of information about the Library’s curators and a changing themes that let the curators show off the Library’s holdings of early paper cast of other contributors, they made their favorite pieces. Last year, as we Americana. the magazine a window on the depth began planning for the renovation of The Quarto went on hiatus for and breadth of the Library’s collections. this magnificent structure, we focused ten years after Number 140, with The Today, nearly seventy years after the on the building and the extraordinary beauty of Albert Kahn’s design. The American history.” The Clements has essays/assignments, documents about graphic approach to teaching history in net result of 36 “new” Quarto issues, an outstanding collection of early subscription schools, and other manu- itself neglects its own historical roots. we hope, has been to keep the Clements American schoolbooks, and Book scripts relating to early education. Using maps in education, and especially Library Associates well informed and Curator Emi Hastings provides a Articles of this length only skim the sur- for understanding history, is a practice to make them proud of the Library. good overview of them. Terese Austin face, of course, but they should suffice nearly as old as maps themselves. This issue of The Quarto takes mines our rich holdings of tune books to let readers know that if their field is Ancient Greeks displayed three-dimen- early American education as its theme. to look at William Billings and other the history of American education, the sional models of the universe in public The Library’s holdings in this important early proponents of music education for Clements has a remarkable assortment places to which students had access; area of social history are quite extensive. American youth. Curatorial Assistants of primary sources ready for their use. celestial globes were exhibited in schools for the edification of students Mary Pedley looks at Emma Willard and Naomi Herman-Aplet and Erin Platte ­— J. Kevin Graffagnino learning the constellations. Roman her schools for young women as pio- survey our holdings in correspondence Director neers “in the use of maps for teaching between teachers and students, student writers and educators such as Eumenius in the third century advocated the study of geography by using world maps (mappaemundi) displayed in the porticos of schools: “Let the boys and girls see MAPS AND EDUCATION on the colonnades all the lands and all the seas.” By the Renaissance and the “ “n history I have invented expanding use of printing to disseminate the map,” wrote Emma Hart knowledge, the map and the school atlas Willard (1787–1870) to a friend in were soon in the hands of students. November 1848. Willard was referring Abraham Ortelius (1527–98) designed Ito her Series of Maps to Accompany a special set of maps to illustrate history, Willard’s History of the United States known as the Parergon. The early atlas- Emma Willard represented Native American history in A Series of Maps (New York, 1829) (1829, 1831), copies of which form part es of Mercator were prepared in small by an Introductory Map: Locations and Wanderings of the Aboriginal Tribes. of the Clements atlas collection. These portable editions, suitable for carrying novel maps told the story of the United to school. By the seventeenth century, sentiments of which Mrs. Willard would al format, comprising maps of the world, States (or, as Willard put it, the Republic atlas makers were already specializing heartily approve. The maps in the followed by the continents, with larger of America) in a graphic and geographic in the school atlas format, with map Clements copy of the Dangeau atlas scale maps of regions or individual way, providing the young reader with publishers such as Pierre Duval (1619– exhibit only France; they are “cartes countries. The school atlases of Mathew simple, easy-to-read maps of the territo- 82) creating the small format atlases in muettes” (mute maps, i.e., empty maps), Carey (1760–1839) and John Melish ry from the Atlantic to just beyond the duo-decimo or quarto sizes for schools. which are created for the students to (1771–1822) of Philadelphia were Mississippi River at different points in “No student was well received by his fill in with different features of French designed for the general study of geog- the development of the colonies and professor if he was not armed with his geography and history, such as rivers, raphy based on location, not on history; young Republic. Duval,” wrote the geographer Didier cities, provinces, and administrative their atlases only contained one or two Willard’s maps were the first Robert de Vaugondy in describing the districts. Each map is only partially maps focused on North America and American cartographic productions pre- standard-issue atlas for eighteenth-cen- labeled, leaving the student to add such the United States. The use of maps for pared especially to follow a single his- tury French students. Like Ortelius, information as the teacher might require. teaching American history in the early torical theme closely, carefully, and Duval’s cartography was designed to Atlases such as this, with blank Republic was unique to Emma Willard consistently. They reflect her resource- illuminate ancient history, with maps maps and areas awaiting color, were and emerged from her own education, ful, innovative approach to all matters of the voyages of Ulysses and the staples of continental European schools. which had depended heavily on the of pedagogy as she became one of the Trojan War, but it also included maps The expectation of the student being work of Jedidiah Morse (1761– most articulate advocates not only of illustrating more recent itineraries and able to draw a map independently and 1826) especially Geography Made Easy. education for women but of new discoveries, such as that showing travels label it appropriately is made clear by Concern and support for education approaches to the construction and and discoveries in “French Florida” in Willard in the preface to her History of in North America had its roots in the teaching of American history. Her the 1560s. the United States: “The class are each Northwest Ordinance (1787), which Troy Female Seminary (now the Emma Another type of school atlas that furnished with a black board, about two guaranteed public education in the states Willard School), with its curriculum is still used today, and certainly advocat- feet in length, and nearly the same in of the Northwest Territory with the that emphasized the sciences and ed by Mrs. Willard, was the blank map, breadth. The lesson being given out, famous sentence: “Religion, morality, social sciences as well as the arts, pro- to be filled in by the student. The each scholar is required, in addition to and knowledge, being necessary to good foundly influenced both women’s edu- Clements holds an unusual example of studying it in the book, to draw with government and the happiness of man- cation and general education for many just such a “work-book” atlas. Though chalk, as large as her board will admit, kind, schools and the means of educa- generations. She was adored by her lacking a title page, the volume appears a sketch of that part of the country tion shall forever be encouraged.” students, as letters in the Cole Family to be the work of Louis de Courcillon which is the seat of the portion of histo- With public education came a rapidly Papers at the Clements attest: “She is l’abbé de Dangeau, titled Nouvelle ry which the lesson contains; marking increased demand for texts, for readers, the most perfect model of female méthode de géographie historique pour slightly the track of navigators and and for maps and atlases. Jedidiah perfection I ever beheld” (MaryAnn Louis de Courcillon included a blank map of France in his Nouvelle Methode de apprendre facilement et retenir long- march of armies.” Her approach was Morse’s geography books and Noah Cole about Mrs. Willard in 1821). géografie historique pour apprendre facilement et retenir longtemps (Paris, 1697). temps (A New Method of Historical not always encouraged by early school Webster’s dictionaries, spellers, and Willard’s enthusiasm for instruct- The map, Grandes Rivieres qui se jettent dans la mer, was intended for use by Geography for Learning Easily and atlases in the fledgling United States, grammars filled the gap. Emma Willard ing with maps and her advocacy of a students and shows only the courses of major rivers and provincial boundaries. Retaining for a Long Time, Paris, 1697), which tended to follow a more tradition- drank deep from the well of rote learn-

Page 2 The Quarto The Quarto Page 3 ing it to the present day. pre-dated the first Europeans by many The maps that formed the thousands of years. She notes, “It seems outline upon which the also proper that the earliest inhabitants AMERICAN SCHOOLBOOKS text was built were pub- of the country should receive the first lished first separately in a notice of the historian.” The map, small atlas titled Series of Locations and Wanderings of the dgar Allan Poe (1809–49) dren’s reader that was widely Maps to Willard’s History Aboriginal Tribes, uses graphic devices is best known today for his used in multiple editions. The of the United States such as different types of lettering, col- short stories and poetry, but Clements collection includes or Republic of America, or-coding, and arrows to show location perhaps his most popular work a sampling of more than Designed for Schools and movement of the indigenous peo- Eduring his lifetime was a text- twenty different editions from and Private Libraries ples. Similarly, the Eighth Map or Map book about the classification of 1786 to the end of the nine- (New York, 1829); the of 1789 shows the closing events of the seashells. Desperately in need teenth century. It was origi- maps were engraved War of Independence with images of of funds, Poe agreed to lend nally developed from The and printed by Samuel ships and their tracks, dotted lines trac- his name to the title page of Protestant Tutor, first pub- Maverick of New York. ing movement of troops and leaders, and The Conchologist’s First lished in London in 1607. Two years later the same dates that anchor chronology. These Book (Philadelphia, 1839), The first American printing small atlas was published elements combine to show the important an adaptation of A Manual of of The New England Primer again in a slighter, smaller role played by naval forces, emphasizing Conchology by Thomas Wyatt may have been in 1685 by format, with corresponding the power of the sail for both land and (New York,1838). He also Benjamin Harris, but few reduction in detail. In sea personnel. wrote the introduction and early copies have been pre- later editions of Willard’s Emma Willard’s contribution to extensively edited the con- served. The primer included History (e.g., 1853, 1855) the study of history was to make maps densed text. The first edition an illustrated alphabet with the maps were incorporat- an integrated visual means to put the sold out within two months, religious themes, lists of ed in the textbook and historical record into a spatial context and a second was issued in spelling words, and story again reduced in size, and to capture the imaginations of 1840, the only book by Poe to lessons in later editions. The Naval and military events of the American Revolution are more cheaply engraved, go into a second edition in the verse “Now I lay me down to the subject of Willard’s Eighth Map or Map of 1789 in young readers. Maps, with pictures, United States during his life- sleep” appeared for the first A Series of Maps (New York, 1829). with corresponding loss color, line, and symbol, could create of detail. devices that helped the learner absorb time. Intended as a cheap, time in America in the 1737 ing demanded by these works, but she Like her historical writing, the lessons of the text and mental imag- concise edition for the use of Boston edition. As might be longed for something more that would Willard’s maps, though simple in es that would last a lifetime. For schools, The Conchologist’s expected from the title, it not just require memory but would also design, are dynamic in their fine fea- American history she had, indeed, First Book has been credited was much more widely used engage and illustrate. “I should labor tures. For example, her Introductory “invented the map.” with popularizing and simpli- in the North than in the South. to make my pupils by explanation and Map reminds young students that the — Mary Sponberg Pedley fying an esoteric subject for a The New England illustration understand their subject, and United States is only a political con- Assistant Curator of Maps general audience. Primer and its successors get them warmed to it, by making them struct covering a land whose inhabitants The Book Division holds were composite texts covering see its beauties and its advantages,” she early American textbooks on a general subjects, not exclu- wrote in 1859. Thus Willard turned Pierre Duval’s, La Floride Françoise, was one of the maps in his Diverses cartes et tables variety of subjects, from read- sively reading lesson-books. early to theories of education that were pour la géographie (Paris, 1665). ers and spellers to manuals of Other examples include the rooted in the ideas of Jean-Jacques arithmetic, geography, history, American Primer, Southern Rousseau and Johann Pestalozzi—that and more. The first school- The Clements Library’s copy of McGuffey’s Third Reader Primer, M’Carty’s American the child was a subject to be engaged books used in the colonies bears evidence of heavy use. Primer, and The Illustrated in the pursuit of knowledge, not an were generally imported Primer. One noteworthy title object on which knowledge was to be from Britain or reprinted by American Read. Only one copy survives, at the in the Library’s collection is The British inscribed. She also understood that presses. With a scarcity of affordable library of the University of Edinburgh. Instructor, or The First Book For graphic images imprinted information textbooks during the colonial period, Eliot believed that teaching Native Children, published in London in 1763. on the young mind more effectively students often took turns using the Americans to read was the first step The preface notes that it was designed than words. books to study and recite in school or in converting them to Christianity. He “for the use of the poor Negroes and The subject of “American history” used substitutes like handwritten texts. developed a written language for the others abroad, especially in Virginia and was very new indeed in the 1820s, when Often the Bible served as a textbook in Massachusett Indians and translated the South Carolina.” It was apparently the Republic was barely fifty years old. schools. By the mid-nineteenth century, Bible into it. This monumental work, intended to be exported to the colonies There were very few written histories a thriving American publishing industry the first Bible printed in North America, and may have been written by someone available even for an adult market and produced the vast majority of textbooks was published in 1663. Another notable connected with the Thomas Bray’s none for schools. Mrs. Willard’s ambi- used in schools. early textbook for Native Americans Associates, an organization concerned tious History of the United States, or Missionaries to the Native was Daniel Claus’s A Primer for the with the education of African Americans Republic of America (New York, 1828) Americans produced some of the first Use of the Mohawk Children (Montréal, in the early 1760s. set out to create a narrative that devel- textbooks in America. In 1669, John 1781). Other Indian primers were com- As education in the United States oped the story of the United States from Eliot (1604–90) published The Indian piled and printed in various parts of the became more structured, there was a before its discovery, by dedicating the Primer, or The Way of Training Up country. greater demand for specialized readers, first chapter to the indigenous peoples of Our Indian Youth in the Good One of the most prominent early spellers, and grammars. Noah Webster who lived in North America, and carry- Knowledge of God, in the Knowledge American schoolbooks was the The New (1758–1843), creator of the first of the Scriptures, and in an Ability to England Primer, an influential chil- American dictionary, was also a

Page 4 The Quarto The Quarto Page 5 known as “The Old Blue- half of the nineteenth century, Webster progressively more advanced with each included a historical chronology at the rushed into print early in the war, often back.” Webster’s speller and Bingham were surpassed in popular- volume. The series was heavily revised end of the volume. It was titled “An hastily bound in pamphlet form with probably contributed to the ity by Lindley Murray’s English Reader in 1879 to remove religious content and Improved Chronological Table of oddly matched illustrations pulled from nineteenth-century craze for (1799), Sequel to the English Reader bring the books up to date with competi- Remarkable Events, Discoveries, and other works. Given the shortage of spelling contests. Students (1801), and Introduction to the English tors in the market. Inventions; Comprehending in One paper in the South, some were even competed for prizes, and spell- Reader (1805). However, nothing could Schoolbooks in the Clements col- View the Analysis, or Outlines of bound in wallpaper. While most of the ing bees even became a com- compare to the impact of the McGuffey lection sometimes contain signatures, General History, from the Creation Confederate textbooks had some region- mon recreation for the whole readers in the mid-nineteenth century. annotations, and other traces al bias, perhaps the most infa- community during winter In 1836 the publisher Truman of their former owners. One mous example was L. Johnson’s evenings. and Smith approached William Holmes book, a copy of Five Little Elementary Arithmetic of 1864. The first English gram- McGuffey (1800–73), a professor at Peppers and How They Grew, In addition to the usual arithme- mar written by an American Miami University in Ohio, to produce a includes an inscription “To tic, it included a section on the was An Accidence to the series of readers, a primer, and a speller. Lizzie Wittle for regular atten- use of Confederate currency English Tongue by Hugh The McGuffey First Reader was pub- dance in school,” from “her and contained problems such as Jones, printed in London in lished in 1836, soon followed by the teacher, Annie S. Brown, June “If one Confederate soldier can 1724. Several others issued Second, Third, and Fourth Readers. 1891.” Perhaps the most whip 7 Yankees, how many sol- before the Revolution The Fifth was issued in 1844, and the famous name can be found diers can whip 49 Yankees?” were not widely adopted in Sixth in 1857. Together they became in the Library’s copy of The After the Civil War, schools. Noah Webster’s the nation’s best-known textbook Teacher’s Assistant in English reforms in education spurred Grammatical Institute of the series, selling at least 122 million Composition, by John Walker changes in the textbook industry. English Language, Part II, copies between 1836 and 1920 and turn- (1808). This book contains Instead of clerics and college published in 1784, gained ing McGuffey into a household name. the signature of one of the professors, professional more attention and set the The McGuffey Readers were among the Founding Fathers, Tench educators began to write the pattern for later American first to use a graded system, becoming Coxe, dated 1810. Coxe was schoolbooks. Texts became grammars. Caleb a Pennsylvania delegate to the standard-ized and written in Bingham, a bookseller Continental Congress in 1788. a more accessible manner for and publisher in While early schools young learners. Printing tech- Boston, published focused on reading and writ- nologies improved, allowing the The Young Lady’s ing, they also usually taught use of color and detailed illustra- Accidence: or, a Short basic arithmetic. The first tions in textbooks. In the late- and Easy Introduction arithmetic written and pub- nineteenth century, there was to English Grammar lished by an American was also more interest in other in 1785, originally Isaac Greenwood’s Arithmetick, subjects for schools beyond compiled for his Vulgar and Decimal (Boston, the so-called “Three R’s” of Boston school for 1729). It included lessons on reading, writing, and ‘rithmetic. girls. Lindley addition, subtraction, multipli- Schoolbooks on subjects such as Murray’s English cation, division, and fractions. penmanship, drawing, and music Students consult a map while discussing the charac- Grammar, first pub- Greenwood was professor of instruction flourished. teristics of an isthmus. From The Elements of lished in the United mathematics and philosophy The Clements Library’s Geography Made Easy (Philadelphia, 1825). States in 1800, at Harvard. Nicholas Pike’s book collection provides a sam- Edgar Allen Poe’s most successful book during became quite popular New and Complete System of pling of American textbooks of his lifetime surely had his longest title. pioneering textbook author. In 1782, in both Britain and the United Arithmetick (1788) was the first the eighteenth and nineteenth while teaching in New York, he com- States, although Webster text to be generally accepted. centuries. Most of the books piled his first spelling book, titled The accused Murray of plagiarizing The most widely used arithmetic of the to the Present Time.” The Clements intended for younger children are Grammatical Institute of the English from his own work. early nineteenth century was Nathan Library holds a first edition of this rare housed in the juvenile collection, Language, Part One. The unwieldy The first American Daboll’s Schoolmaster’s Assistant, first textbook. More comprehensive text- while those for older students are title was the result of advice from Yale school reader, compiled by published in 1800. This practical book books of American history began to be shelved with the main book collection. College President Ezra Stiles and a ref- Noah Webster, was the was particularly useful to an American produced in the 1820s, often compiled These include some of the most famous erence to the theologian John Calvin’s Grammatical Institute of the audience because a large part of the text by well-regarded historians. and widely reprinted books, such as Institutes of the Christian Religion. In English Language, Part III. was devoted to the new American dollar The Civil War signaled a break in The New England Primers and later editions Webster changed the title The title was later changed currency. the national textbook publishing indus- McGuffey Readers, as well as more to The American Spelling-book and then to An American Selection History was not widely taught in try. Soon after hostilities commenced, obscure titles that may be known in to The Elementary Spelling-book. It was of Lessons in Reading and American schools until the nineteenth the Confederate states began to issue only a few examples. Taken together, an immediate success and remained the Speaking. Bingham also century. Until Noah Webster’s History their own books for the use of Southern they provide valuable insights into most popular American speller for many published a number of pop- of the United States was included in his children. Those in charge of the schools the changing methods of teaching in decades. With this book, Webster’s ular readers, including The Victor Adam’s Idleness and Industry (Guchen, revised grammar of 1787, there were preferred not to use books written by American schools from colonial times became the American standard for lan- American Preceptor and Germany, 184–?) used a character named Felix to no schoolbooks of American history. Northern authors or published in the to the end of the nineteenth century. guage reform and simplified spelling. The Columbian Orator. The demonstrate the moral superiority of the latter trait. Jedidiah Morse (1761–1826), a minister North, the vast majority of pre-war — Emiko Hastings Since early editions were usually bound American Preceptor, first pub- Sent off to boarding school, the incorrigible Felix in Massachusetts, published the first textbooks. Works like the Confederate Curator of Books in thin boards with blue paper pasted on lished in 1794, went through was particularly unhappy because “no day passed, American geography in 1784, which Primer and the Dixie Speller were the covers, the book was affectionately sixty-eight editions. In the first without his being punished for his idleness.”

Page 6 The Quarto The Quarto Page 7 SONS OF HARMONY

any of us have experi- According to Walter, the enced music class in method of learning music school. Memorizing by note “will instruct us in the lines on the staff (Every the right and true singing MGood Boy Does Fine); reading of the Tunes that are notes; playing “Hot Cross already in use in our Buns” on the recorder. But the Churches, which, when music that became an accepted they first came out of the part of the public school curric- hands of the Composers of ulum is very different from the them, were sung according folk music of early America. to the Scale of Musick, but The evolution of musical tastes are now miserably tortured in New England—the region and twisted, and quavered, that initiated public education in some Churches, into an reform—shaped the nature of horrid Medley of confused what became widespread music and disorderly voices.” education. The progression In response to this and from unique, lively congrega- to other complaints, the tion-centered singing to infor- eighteenth century saw mal singing schools, and a gradual proliferation finally to a European-style of published tunebooks Paul Revere engraved the frontispiece of the 1770 edition of The New-England Psalm-Singer by William Billings. music curriculum took place containing instruction on in little over a century. A proper singing procedure Let tyrants shake their iron rod, song . . . Each part seems determined by tend to prescribe Rules of this Nature for window into the early years applied to both existing And Slav’ry clank her galling chains, dint of harmony and strength of accent, others, would not only be very unneces- of American music and music and original compositions. to drown his competitor in an ocean of sary, but also a great Piece of Vanity” We fear them not, we trust in God, education and key stages of its William Billings harmony, and while each part is thus (New-England Psalm Singer). evolution are well represented (1746–1800) was one of New England’s God forever reigns. mutually striving for mastery, and These early tunebooks also pro- in the Clements Library’s col- the early music publishers, sweetly contending for victory, the vided the text for an important element lections. instructors, and so-called Howe and Burgoyne and Clinton too, audience are most luxuriously enter- of music reform—the singing school. The earliest European Yankee composers. Born With Prescot and Cornwallis join’d, tained, and exceedingly delighted . . . Singing masters, often self-educated, settlers were a musically in Massachusetts, he was a Together plot our Overthrow, Now the solemn bass demands their would travel from town to town, adver- inclined culture before they tanner by trade but became attention, now the manly tenor, now tising their services and trying to amass In one Infernal league combin’d. traveled to America, and they an outstanding member the lofty counter, now the volatile a group of subscribers who, for a fee, brought religious music books of the first generation of treble, now here, now there, now here would gather once or twice a week with them to the New World. American composers. “Chester” was second in populari- again O enchanting! O ecstatic. Push to learn note-reading and vocal music Over the following decades, The Clements Library ty only to “Yankee Doodle” and became on, push on ye sons of harmony” (The theory and practice. The music teachers perhaps due to lack of time and holds Billings’s first work, The Clements holds the only known pre-Revolution con- an anthem for the Revolutionary War. Continental Harmony: Boston, 1794). would earn their money from the sub- energy (hacking a living out of The New-England Psalm tract for establishing a singing school. Samuel Holbrook Yankee composers such as William Billings was an American scriptions and also by charging their Singer virgin forest leaves little time committed himself to do so in Boston about 1745. (Boston, 1770), William Billings and his contempo- original, unfettered by Continental musi- pupils for tunebooks, which were the for leisure), the ability to read along with The Singing raries—Supply Belcher, Daniel Read, cal traditions. Many of his tunebooks basis for instruction. Billings was a music was lost among the general ceeded at their own tempos regardless Master’s Assistant (Boston, 1778), and and Oliver Holden, to list some whose include, in addition to music scores and singing master, as was another New population. But the singing of psalms of their fellows and in general created a several other publications. Lame in one works are also held by the Clements— instruction, his sometimes eccentric England composer and publisher, was considered an important part of cacophony of sound. While some may leg, blind in one eye, and with a with- were largely self-taught, and their music views on the “science” of producing Andrew Law. The Andrew Law Papers, religious worship, and religious worship have considered this stimulating, several ered arm, Billings was by all accounts was distinctively their own. Billings’s sound and his theory of composition. held by the Clements Library, contain was central to the lives of the early ministers objected to the corruption of a character and a true Patriot beyond his compositions are known for rhythmic “[F]or my own Part, as I don’t think the correspondence and business papers Americans. To retain psalm-singing what they considered a form of prayer, unique American musicality. A friend vitality, straightforward harmonies, and myself confin’d to any Rules for of this early publisher of tunebooks, as an element of worship in the face and in the early 1700s they made their of Samuel Adams and Paul Revere (who an affinity for the minor key. A musical Composition laid down by any that went itinerant singing-school instructor, of widespread musical illiteracy, the complaints in print. engraved the frontispiece for The New- form strongly associated with Billings, before me, neither should I think (were important composer, and litigious and practice arose of “lining” or “deacon- Thomas Walter (1696–1725), England Psalm Singer), Billings delayed although not created by him, is the fug- I to pretend to lay down Rules) that any difficult personality, who was also a key ing” in church, whereby the congrega- grandson of Increase Mather and neph- publication of his book for eighteen ing tune. All vocal parts begin the who came after me were any ways obli- transitional figure between Billings’s tion would repeat psalms, line by line, ew of Cotton Mather, was one minister months until he could acquire enough psalm together, but at a later point, the gated to adhere to them, any further than brand of American composition and the as sung out by the deacon. This could who promoted the return to singing American—as opposed to English— parts come in one after another, creating they should think proper: So in fact, I European-centered works that followed. be somewhat tedious. To liven things based on note-reading in his Sweet paper for the print run. His most an interesting harmonic line. “There is think it is best for every Composer to A Connecticut-born Congrega- up, some congregants added their own Psalmist of Israel (Boston, 1722), a famous song, “Chester,” was included more variety in one piece of fuging be his own Carver. Therefore, upon this tional and Presbyterian minister, vocal ornaments and quavers, or pro- rare sermon held by the Clements. in The Singing Master’s Assistant: music than in twenty pieces of plain Consideration, for me to dictate, or pre- Andrew Law turned to music as his

Page 8 The Quarto The Quarto Page 9 chosen path. His early tunebooks (he ful productions of numerous composu- text, going through several editions first published in the 1770s) included ists whom it would be doing too much until 1861. the distinctive American forms of musi- honour to name.” European music was While in Boston, Mason saw cal composition, including fuging in vogue, and the singing masters whose an opening to exploit the vogue for tunes. However, in the years after the fare tended to be more provincial gradu- European-style music. His system was Revolution, Law’s musical taste, and ally lost favor. They were derided as ingenious and multi-faceted. He began that of his fellow New Englanders, unsophisticated and forced out of New by teaching singing school in Boston, England and into the South where children received free lessons as and West, where they long as they committed to attend for at remained active through the least a year. They would then perform nineteenth century. It was at for the public, by all accounts admira- this period, in the early 1800s, bly, increasing interest in his teaching that the tendency in New methods. This created a market for his England to favor European Manual of the Boston Academy and music merged with a growing other published works. During the regional movement to reform same period, he began offering a two- and improve public education. week lecture course to train music teach- The 1830s brought ers, which became increasingly popular the presidency of Andrew over the next several years. In the Jackson, the “era of the com- meantime, Mason and his allies worked mon man,” and an interest in behind the scenes to have music educa- improving the common lot. tion accepted in the public schools. In Massachusetts was at the fore- 1837 the Boston City Council recom- front of the push for meaning- mended that experiments in teaching ful public education, and the music be offered in four schools in the first effective state board of city. Although no funds were appropri- education was created there ated, Mason saw an opportunity, and in 1837. By this time, Lowell seized it. He offered to provide services Mason (1792–1872) had made in one of the schools on a volunteer his reputation as a credible basis, and by 1838, his success was music educator in Boston such that he was put in charge of music and was uniquely situated for all the schools in Boston and given to ensure that music was direct hiring powers. At this time, he LEARNING FROM THE PAST part of the curriculum. also published Musical Exercises for Lowell Mason was born Singing Schools, to be Used in in Medfield, Massachusetts. Connexion with the “Manual of n May 23, 1830, Captain A.B. voyage, to Brazil. The crew, composed fact that he admittedly faced odds of He lived in Savannah for a the Boston Academy of Music, for Pinkham (b. 1792), aboard the brig of young male students, faced the dual international proportions. short time and worked as a Instruction in the Elements of Vocal Clio, sat down to write a letter to Sir challenge of traditional schooling and A.B. Pinkham’s report is only bank clerk, although he was Music” (Boston, 1838), to be purchased Isaac Coffin (1759–1839), administrator nautical instruction. The crew’s maiden one of the many recent acquisitions of also choirmaster and organist by schools and used as a teaching aid. Oof his floating school. Pinkham was the voyage to Québec had raised a lot of the William L. Clements Library that at a Presbyterian Church. Gradually, schools around the country lead instructor aboard the ship, operating eyebrows on Nantucket, and Pinkham features education. The Manuscripts Mason took music lessons followed the lead of Massachusetts in an experimental program associated responded to a great deal of criticism Division has numerous collections that from a German native, and adopting music as part of the public with the Coffin School on Nantucket on the part of the students’ families. showcase teaching and learning within eventually felt a need to com- school curriculum. Island. British Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin He described failed plans, student mis- a variety of contexts in eighteenth- and pile a collection of religious The early era of American musical had founded the school in 1826 upon behavior, and instructional faux pas. nineteenth-century America, including tunes in the European fashion. creativity was eclipsed by the Lowell realizing that most of the children on He had built up expectations for the freedmen’s schools, military academies, His music was published by Mason system, which copied European the island were related to him through ceremony of crossing of the equator, female seminaries, primary and second- began to change. More Europeans trav- the Boston Handel and Haydn society musical norms. In the realm of music, his grandfather, Tristram Coffin. When only to have missed “the line” and ary schools, theological institutions, eled to the United States, bringing their in 1822, although Mason wasn’t credited unlike politics, the upstart American Sir Isaac arrived at Nantucket, no public been informed thus by disappointed boarding schools, colleges, and universi- musical talents and Continental styles at the time. In 1827, Mason returned to rebels were defeated by entrenched schools existed; he found his distant students holding their atlases. In ties. Making them known to the public of composition. Over time, Law’s Massachusetts where he taught vocal European power. In recent decades, relatives uneducated and felt obligated another incident Pinkham had provoked has been an ongoing challenge. This is tunebooks included more and more music. In 1834, he published the there has been a renewed interest in the to correct the error. Sir Isaac purchased a British ship by refusing to lower the now being addressed thanks to a gener- European-style songs, and he grew Manual of the Boston Academy of old composers and native music tradi- the Clio, a former English man-of-war, American flag. He had established a ous two-year grant from the National to disparage the old Yankee style, Music, for Instruction in the Elements tions of the United States. As musical and put her under the command of pseudo-democratic behavioral structure Historical Publications and Records referring to it in The Art of Singing of Vocal Music on the System of scholarship rediscovers its roots in the young Alexander B. Pinkham. By wherein boys were punished according Commission (NHPRC). With the com- (Cambridge, Mass., 1803) as “lifeless Pestalozzi. Whether it was actually school of Yankee composers, the all accounts, Pinkham was able and to a panel of their peers. Even though mission’s support, we are now process- and insipid” or “frivolous and frolick- an accurate reflection of the methods Clements Library offers rich contextual charismatic. He was not, however, Pinkham wrote in defense of his some,” and lamenting that “the ever of the Swiss education reformer, Johann resources. an experienced teacher. actions, and with pride in what he Above, A British brig-of-war similar to Pinkham’s lengthy letter to believed he had accomplished, he varying vigor of Handel, of Madan, Pestalozzi, or merely a translation of — Terese M. Austin the school ship Clio. From E.W. Cooke, Coffin, written over the course of exemplified the unprepared, anxiety- and of others alike meritorious, are, in an existing work by G.F. Kubler (not Library Assistant Sixty Five Plates of Shipping and Craft a great measure, supplanted by the piti- credited by Mason), it was a popular a week, recounts the ship’s second ridden, first-year teacher, despite the (London, 1829).

Page 10 The Quarto The Quarto Page 11 at the Troy Female Seminary. She was uated from the College of Rhode Island vidual items that provide insight into acutely aware of the drain that teaching (later renamed Brown University) in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century could be on an instructor; she mentioned 1786 and 1798, respectively, and their education in America. Early nineteenth- reading a book that warned against a papers provide a glimpse of academic century school assignments attributed teacher investing more than a total of life at the college. Some students wrote to Rosalinda Fowler of the Franklin eight hours every day in teaching, other- compositions on varying subjects for Academy include debate essays and wise the teacher would burn out. While their courses, while others composed speeches on the difference between she devoted her life to the instruction of and performed orations, which they public and private education. The young girls, Mary Ann often experi- delivered from memory on a stage in author argued that teacher attention is enced feelings of fatigue and discour- front of the president and tutors. Other greater in private schools, because pub- agement. On January 6, 1854, she weekly events at the college were dis- lic schools presented more distractions. wrote: “it seems to me that I am no putes, for which each student prepared She admitted, in 1806, however, that longer capable of teaching—my dignity an opening presentation on a pre- the distractions were at times a benefit, is gone . . . I cannot bear it. I as private schools were often “dull would die sooner—and to these and insipid.” young creatures, for the honor of Another example of individual the cause of education—for the items relating to education are docu- honor of womanhood which ments about subscription schools, depends on teaching as its highest for which parents paid monthly fees profession.” to teachers who were responsible While Mary Ann was strug- for finding a space to rent for instruc- gling in the North, her sister was tion. Two of these documents are facing her own difficulties in the in the Duane Norman Diedrich South. In 1852 Ruth Hastings left Collection. One is a subscription list Emma Willard’s Troy Female Seminary as it appeared in 1822. From Emma Willard and Her Pupils (New York, 1898). Troy to take up a teaching position from Evan Evans, dated October 27, in South Carolina. Ruth felt very 1817, for a school to be opened by unsure of her teaching abilities and Ephraim Jackson. Another is a letter ing these collections and creating on-line through 1895. In her letters, Putnam educated women of Putnam’s generation expressed her lack of confidence to signed by the founders of a school in finding aids. They will provide dramati- reflected on aspects of running a school, who sought purpose. her family. In a letter of July 25, West Springfield, Massachusetts, in cally improved access to our collections as well as on the struggles her students The Hastings Family Papers focus 1852, to her sister, she stated: 1776. Next to each signer’s name is so topics such as the role of education in faced. At night, adult freed slaves on two different kinds of female educa- “You will think I ought to have the number of children in the family American history can be more fully attended the school after working all tion for white children in the North and been better informed in teaching, who would attend. Subscription explored. day. Putnam often displayed compas- the South in the mid-nineteenth century. since I have taught before, but that documents show one way that early The Caroline F. Putnam Papers sion for and wonder at the experiences Mary Ann Hastings (b. 1822) graduated has been of very little service in American education was funded. illustrate educational opportunities avail- of her adult students, as she described from the Troy Female Seminary near teaching these little ones who were In A.B. Pinkham’s letter to able to freedmen after the Civil War. on November 17, 1868: “Last night thir- Albany, New York, in 1845 and later never trained in school as those at Sir Isaac Coffin, he betrayed his Putnam (1826–1917)­ was a young aboli- ty men & women came and read & returned in 1848 to teach mathematics the North always are.” As time inexperience with tales of student tionist and student at Oberlin College spelled & wrote. It was so curious to and science. She proved to be an inno- progressed Ruth grew more confi- pranks and utter disorganization when she met fellow abolitionist Sallie teach these simple rudiments to people vative and groundbreaking teacher, as dent and began to reform her ideas aboard the Clio. He wrote directly Holley (1818–93). The women left who know so much else. One lesson she was one of the first female instruc- about teaching: “To be a good about those persons in Nantucket Oberlin in 1851, when Holley embarked was in proverbs, no need of explanations tors to offer laboratory lectures, com- teacher is worthy of high ambition who slandered his ability to teach on a lecture tour promoting abolition. for they were as wise as Solomon him- plete with experiments. Mary Ann but to give up all idea of being and to manage the ship of boys: In the years following the Civil War, self.” Putnam noted the responses of the remained at the school until 1859, useful to, or making no one happy Rebecca, Augusta, and Rosa were emancipated “My conduct in this undertaking Putnam adjusted her efforts to aid community, both African American and when she left to become the head of slaves from New Orleans. Sales of their 1863 pho- except your scholar, to be as I feel must stand the test of twenty years. recently freed slaves. In 1868 she white, to the school. On November 21, the female seminary in Hamilton, New tograph were devoted “to the education of colored a cipher when all are giving their I mean that twenty years must elapse moved to Lottsburg, Virginia, to open 1868, she copied the words of an York. Meanwhile, her younger sister people in the Department of the Gulf.” share of information for the gener- before my conduct can be impartially her own school for freed slaves, The African American preacher: “I was Ruth (b. 1831) became a student at Troy al amusement and profit is dreadful” assigned topic and dialogues, which examined.” As a result of the grant Holley School for Freedmen, named looking out last evening & said (seeing in 1848, but later, at the advice of Emma (December 18, 1852). In 1853 were brief plays written and performed from the NHPRC, scholars will now after Sallie. Though Holley did not it was going to rain) the children are Willard, founder of the Troy Female Ruth returned to Troy Seminary where by a small cast of students. While the be able to read Pinkham’s story, just found the school with Putnam, she even- coming home from school worn and then Seminary and friend to both sisters, she taught music and continued her documents found in this collection as he had hoped. The partnership of tually joined its teaching staff. Putnam I thought how strange that did sound, Ruth took a one-year teaching position career until her marriage to Horace reveal much about the academic life the William L. Clements Library and taught year round, holding classes for for when ever before, anything was with the wealthy family of Colonel Kimball Jones in 1860. While Mary of the Green brothers, many of the the NHPRC will bring to the surface children during the day, and instructing said about school children, it did not John N. Williams in Society Hill, Ann and Ruth faced many struggles orations and disputes discuss the personal narratives and other materials their parents at night. She remained at mean of our color!” South Carolina. and emotional obstacles in their careers, recent war for independence from that will contribute to the study of edu- the school until her death in 1917, In addition to sharing her experi- The Hastings Family Papers con- both acknowledged the importance and Great Britain, including two entitled cation throughout American history though she officially retired in 1903. ences, Putnam urged her friends to join tain correspondence between Mary Ann high calling of teaching. “The Necessity of Our Independence” from the point of view of those who Putnam’s papers include personal her cause: “You will love dearly to be and Ruth Hastings as well as with other Two related eighteenth-century and “Is There a Nation.” The papers experienced it. letters written to Holley and to Emily here & teach them—wonder hundreds members of the family. The letters collections are the college papers of of Timothy and William Green present Howland. The collection covers the of women don’t come.” The Holley between the sisters detail their daily — Naomi Herman-Aplet & Erin Platte Timothy Green and those of his brother a unique view of college life in America early years of the school, starting in School did not bring opportunities only lives, but in her personal diaries Mary Curatorial Assistants, Manuscripts William, included in the David P. Harris just after the Revolution. 1868 with her first days in Lottsburg, to its students, but also to the college- Ann describes her experiences working Division Collection. Timothy and William grad- The Clements also has many indi-

Page 12 The Quarto The Quarto Page 13 DEVELOPMENTS ANNOUNCEMENTS

s Brian Dunnigan writes to Britain by the Treaty of Paris (1763). groups, their names, and the locations Fellowship on American History for her Prof. James J. Gigantino, University of in An Americana Sampler, John Stuart (1718–79), Indian superin- of their villages at a precise and delicate 2012 Post-Doctoral Fellows topic, “Making New Nations: Natives, Arkansas, for his book topic, “Freedom “The Clements Library holds an tendent for the Southern District of the moment in history. Each surveyor was Thanks to the generosity of the Earhart Métis, and Euro-Americans and the and Slavery in the Garden of America: unequalled collection of maps chart- colonies ordered it drawn. Stuart, a Scot responsible for particular Indian territo- Foundation, the Upton Foundation, Reconfiguration of the Midwest in the African Americans and Abolition in Aing the history of the Americas from by birth and a South Carolina merchant ries, and the coastal outlines represented William Reese & Company, and several Nineteenth Century.” New Jersey, 1775–1861.” European discovery through the nine- by occupation, knew the value of good years of surveying by George Gauld. anonymous donors, the Clements teenth century.” In an age when global maps for acquiring information and The map ordered by John Stuart displays Library has been able to fund nine Dr. Uriel Heyd of The Hebrew Dr. Lawrence B. A. Hatter, University positioning system devices briefly were planning strategies. His superiors at a strategic part of British North America post-doctoral fellows during 2012. University of Jerusalem has been chosen of Nevada, for his book topic, “A People a navigational “must-have”—until they the Board of Trade shared his views in the years immediately prior to the as the first recipient of the Reese in Between: The Laurentine Trade and Prof. Ruma Chopra of San José were replaced by apps on smart and encouraged the surveys that formed Revolution. Still on its linen backing, Fellowship in the Print Culture of the the Making of an American State, 1763- State University is the recipient of the phones—it is easy to forget the impor- the basis of this large map. Stuart with fittings to hang on a wall, it exem- Americas for his topic, “The Culture of 1825.” Howard H. Peckham Fellowship on tant role that maps played in creating directed surveyors Bernard Romans, plifies the valued role of maps in colo- Newspaper Reading in the British Revolutionary America for her topic, Donald F. Johnson, Northwestern history and determining the future. David Taitt, and George Gauld to map nial administration. Atlantic.” University, for his dissertation, The Clements Library is fortunate West Florida and the Choctaw country, The Romans map is a one-of-a- “The Logic of British Rule in Canada, “Occupied America: Politics and Society to possess a rare 1773 manuscript map the Creek country, and the Gulf Coast. kind document that sheds light on many in the Caribbean and in India.” in Revolutionary Cities Under British of Florida by noted cartographer Once executed in pencil and ink on thin aspects of American history, including 2012 Price Fellows Dr. Matthew P. Dziennik of The New Rule, 1774–1783.” Bernard Romans (1741?–ca. 1784). paper, the map was sent to General the homelands and trade networks of School University has been selected for A record number of young scholars will “A Map of West Florida and Part of Thomas Gage, among whose papers it Indian groups of the Southeast. Because an Earhart Foundation Fellowship for receive Jacob M. Price Visiting Jacob F. Lee, University of California, E[as]t Florida” is not just any map. remained. of its age and fragility it is sorely in his topic, “Our Sovereign Lord the Mob: Research Fellowships during 2012. Our Davis, for his dissertation, “Imaginary At six by eight and one-half feet, its size This map is of interest on a num- need of conservation so that it can be Committee and Community in Price Fellows represent a diverse range Empires; Natives, Newcomers, and alone makes it unique. But it is the con- ber of fronts. It represents knowledge available for future research in both Revolutionary America.” of countries, schools, and topics of Networks in the Illinois Country, tent and context that make the map both about territory based on the observations its original state and in digital format. research. The Clements Library is 1550–1840.” Prof. Ian Finseth of the University of breathtaking and historically important. and measurements of trained surveyors. In 2010, through the generosity delighted to welcome: It displays the region from Florida to the It provided information to colonial of an anonymous donor, our Clements North Texas has been granted an Earhart Paul Lee, Texas A&M University, Gulf of Mobile, which Spain had ceded administrators about Native American Associates matched a $150,000 chal- Foundation Fellowship on Civil War Stephanie Bergman, The College for his dissertation, “Soldiers in the lenge to purchase the Henry America for his topic, “Born in Flame: of William and Mary, for her research Southeast: British Troops, Colonists, The ornate title cartouche of the Romans map of Florida is partially obscured by a thin layer of silk Strachey Papers. Now, we Civil War Mortality and the Making of project, “The Colonial Landscape Indians, and Slaves in Southeastern added to reinforce the original paper. are fortunate to have anoth- Modern America.” of Material Improvement: An North America, 1756–1763.” Archaeological and Historic Study er donor who is issuing a Prof. Gregory D. Smithers of Virginia Christopher R. Pearl, Binghamton of St. Nicholas Abbey Sugar Plantation, challenge to raise funds Commonwealth University will receive University, for his dissertation, “For Barbados, WI.” to conserve the Romans an Earhart Foundation Fellowship for the Good Order of Government: The map. He has offered up his topic, “The Cherokee Diaspora: A Michael Leonard Cox, University of American Revolution and the Creation to $12,500 to match each History of Indigenous Identity.” California, Riverside, for his disserta- of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, dollar directed toward its tion, “Wyandot Communities and the 1740–1790.” Prof. Mary Stockwell of Lourdes conservation. That would War of 1812.” provide up to $25,000 to University is the recipient of an Earhart Bryan Rosenblithe, Columbia offset expenses. Our cost Foundation Fellowship for her topic, Christine Alice Croxall, University University, for his dissertation, estimates go a little beyond “Confessions of a Mad General: The of Delaware, for her dissertation, “Holy “Where Tyranny Begins: British that, so the Clements Life and Times of Anthony Wayne.” Waters: Lived Religion, Identity and Imperial Expansion and the Origins of Library will also be Loyalty Along the Mississippi River, the American Revolution, 1759–1766.” Prof. Brooke N. Newman of Virginia “adding to the pot.” 1780–1830.” Commonwealth University has been Simon Andre Thode, The Johns Please consider granted an Upton Foundation Fellowship Dr. Huw W. Davies, King’s Hopkins University, for his dissertation, making a gift that will be for her topic, “Island Masters: Gender, College, London, for his book topic, “The Observational Sciences and Their matched dollar-for-dollar Race, and Power in the Eighteenth- “Institutional Memory in the British Use in the Development of the Early to conserve this important Century British Caribbean.” Army, 1781–1815: Military Lessons United States, 1770–1820.” map. If you would like to from the British Strategic Defeat in the learn more about this effort, Dr. Teagan Schweitzer of the Matthew Wyman-McCarthy, McGill American Revolutionary War.” please contact me at (734) University of Pennsylvania will receive University, for his dissertation, “Empire 358-9770 or annrock@ an Upton Foundation Fellowship for her Prof. Jonathan Den Hartog, After America: The American umich.edu. You can topic, “Defining American Cuisine: An Northwestern College, for his book Revolution and the Origins of British designate your gift for the Exploration of American Identity topic, “Transatlantic Anti-Jacobinism.” Abolitionism, ca. 1775–1793.” “Romans map conserva- Through Examination of Early Vincent J. Denis, University of Paris tion” and mail it to the American Foodways.” Oksana’s List Clements Library. III, Sorbonne, for his article, “A British Dr. Karen Marrero, an independent Commissioner in Paris: The Letters of The latest publication of the Clements — Ann Rock scholar (and former Price Fellow), has William Mildmay (1750–1755).” Library is “Our Intentions are Good”: Director of Development been selected for the Earhart Foundation Publications by the William L. Clements

Page 14 The Quarto The Quarto Page 15 Library, 1914–2011. Compiled by Oksana Linda, our rare book cataloger, the twenty-eight-page booklet offers an impressive list Clements Library Director of Library publications, from Mr. Clements’s 1914 effort to J. Kevin Graffagnino describe his rare book collection to An Americana Sampler pub- lished in 2011. The titles speak to the wealth of the collection Committee of Management and the talents of the Library staff. Copies can be obtained by Mary Sue Coleman, Chairman; Paul N. Courant; contacting the Library. Robert N. Gordon; Susan Juster; J. Kevin Graffagnino, Secretary

Hancock Receives Guggenheim Clements Library Associates Board of Governors Peter N. Heydon, Chairman U-M professor of history David J. Hancock has been awarded John R. Axe, John L. Booth II, Judith K. Christie, William H. Dance, a prestigious Guggenheim Fellowship for his research for “The Duane N. Diedrich, Candace Dufek, Thomas M. Dziuszko, Cosmopolite: William Petty-Fitzmaurice, 2d Earl of Shelburne, William G. Earle, Charles R. Eisendrath, William C. Finkenstaedt, Jr., and the End of Enlightenment.” Professor Hancock is a frequent John L. Fox, Paul Ganson, Robert N. Gordon, Helen C. Hall, reader at the Clements, which holds Shelburne’s public papers. Keith B. Hook, Joseph L. Hudson IV, Sally Kennedy, James M. Klancnik, Joan Knoertzer, Thomas C. Liebman, Charles Lowenhaupt, NHPRC Project Archivist Joins Staff Janet Mueller, Dr. M. Haskell Newman, Drew Peslar, Jacob M. Price, Anne Marie Schoonhoven, Martha R. Seger, Harold T. Shapiro, Megan Hixon, a University of Michigan School of Information Arlene P. Shy, James P. Spica, Bradley L. Thompson II, graduate and former Clements work-study student, has joined the Benjamin Upton, Leonard A. Walle, David B. Walters, Margaret W. Library staff as project archivist under a two-year processing Winkelman, Clarence Wolf, J. Kevin Graffagnino, Secretary grant provided by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. Meg is writing finding aids for 1,661 man- Clements Library Associates share an interest in American history uscript collections, coding them for on-line viewing, and creating and a desire to ensure the continued growth of the Library’s collections. records in Mirlyn, the U-M electronic catalog. Welcome back, Funds received from Associate memberships are used to purchase Meg, and we again thank the NHPRC for its generous support. historical materials. Annual Membership Contributions: Student $5, Donor $40, Associate $75, Patron $100, Fellow $250, Benefactor $500, Contributor $1000 and above. Hastings Wins Grolier Fellowship Contributions are tax deductible in accordance with current Clements Library book curator Emi Hastings has been awarded federal and state law and may be made by check or credit card. a Grolier Club Library William H. Helfand Fellowship. The fel- lowship supports research in the library’s areas of strength. Emi Published by the Clements Library • University of Michigan will use it to pursue her study of women book collectors. 909 S. University Avenue • Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1190 phone: (734) 764-2347 • fax: (734) 647-0716

email: [email protected] CALENDAR OF EVENTS Internet: http://www.clements.umich.edu Brian Leigh Dunnigan, Editor, [email protected] Kathleen Horn, Designer, Blue Skies Studio June 11, 2012 – October 5, 2012: Exhibit at Clements Library: “Murder Most Foul: Homicide in Early America.” Weekdays, Regents of the University 1:00–4:45 p.m. (Monday–Thursday in summer). Julia Donovan Darlow, Ann Arbor; Laurence B. Deitch, Bingham Farms; Denise Ilitch, Bingham Farms; Olivia P. Maynard, Goodrich; September 22, 2012 – January 13, 2013: Exhibit at U-M Andrea Fischer Newman, Ann Arbor; Andrew C. Richner, Grosse Museum of Art: “Benjamin West: General Wolfe and the Art Pointe Park; S. Martin Taylor, Grosse Pointe Farms; Katherine E. of Empire.” White, Ann Arbor; Mary Sue Coleman, ex officio

September 22, 2012 – January 13, 2013: Exhibit at U-M Nondiscrimination Policy Statement Museum of Art: “Discovering Eighteenth-Century British The University of Michigan, as an equal opportunity/affirmative action America: The William L. Clements Library Collection” employer, complies with all applicable federal and state laws regarding nondiscrimination and affirmative action. The University of Michigan is committed to a policy of equal opportunity for all persons and does not dis- October 2, 2012: Clements Library Associates Board of criminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, marital status, Governors Meeting. sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, disability, reli- gion, height, weight, or veteran status in employment, educational programs October 15, 2012 – February 15, 2013: Exhibit at Clements and activities, and admissions. Inquiries or complaints may be addressed to Library: “The Geometry Of War: Fortification Plans from the Senior Director for Institutional Equity, and Title IX/Section 504/ADA 18th-Century America.” Weekdays, 1:00–4:45 p.m. Coordinator, Office of Institutional Equity, 2072 Administrative Services Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1432, 734-763-0235, TTY 734-647- October 15, 2012 – February 18, 2013: Exhibit at Harlan 1388. For other University of Michigan information call 734-764-1817. Hatcher Graduate Library: “Proclaiming Emancipation: Slavery and Freedom in the Era of the Civil War.”

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