Je‟‟ Dalam Roman Le Dernier Jour D‟Un Condamné Karya Victor Hugo

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Je‟‟ Dalam Roman Le Dernier Jour D‟Un Condamné Karya Victor Hugo KONFLIK PSIKOLOGIS TOKOH „‟JE‟‟ DALAM ROMAN LE DERNIER JOUR D‟UN CONDAMNÉ KARYA VICTOR HUGO skripsi diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sastra Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Asing Prodi Sastra Prancis oleh Adesty Lasally 2350406007 JURUSAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA ASING FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG 2011 PENGESAHAN Skripsi ini telah dipertahankan di hadapan sidang Panitia Ujian Skripsi Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Asing, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang. Pada hari : Senin Tanggal : 3 September 2011 Panitia Ujian Skripsi Ketua, Sekretaris, Prof. Dr. Agus Nuryatin, M.Hum. Dra. Diah Vitri W, DEA. NIP 195801271983031003 NIP 196508271989012001 Penguji I Dra. Conny Handayani, M.Hum. NIP 194704261971062001 Penguji II, Penguji III, Suluh Edhi Wibowo, S.S,. M.Hum. Dr. B. Wahyudi J. S., M. Hum. NIP 197409271999031002 NIP 196110261991031001 ii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING Skripsi ini telah disetujui oleh pembimbing untuk diajukan ke Sidang Panitia Ujian Skripsi Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Asing, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang. Semarang, 23 September 2011 Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II, Dr. B. Wahyudi Joko Santoso, M. Hum Suluh Edhi Wibowo, S.S., M.Hum NIP 196110261991031001 NIP 197409271999031002 iii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN Dengan ini saya, Nama : Adesty Lasally NIM : 2350406007 Program studi : Sastra Prancis Jurusan : Bahasa dan Sastra Asing menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa skripsi yang berjudul Konflik Psikologis Tokoh ‘’Je’’ dalam Roman Le Dernier Jour d’un Condamné karya Victor Hugo yang saya tulis dalam rangka memenuhi syarat memperoleh gelar sarjana ini benar-benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri. Skripsi ini saya hasilkan setelah melalui proses penelitian, bimbingan, diskusi, dan pemaparan atau ujian. Semua kutipan yang diperoleh dari sumber kepustakaan telah disertai keterangan melalui identitas sumbernya dengan cara yang sebagaimana lazimnya dalam penulisan karya tulis. Dengan demikian, walaupun tim penguji dan pembimbing penulisan skripsi ini membubuhkan tanda tangan sebagai keabsahannya, seluruh isi karya ilmiah tetap menjadi tanggungjawab saya sendiri. Dengan demikian pernyataan ini saya buat agar dapat digunakan seperlunya. Semarang, 3 September 2011 Adesty Lasally NIM 2350406007 iv MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN . Saya pasti bisa. Berpikir positif, berusaha, dan berdoa. Maju selangkah lebih depan. Lakukan dengan niat hati yang tulus. Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan untuk: . Orang tua dan kedua saudariku tercinta, . Para pembaca . Almamaterku, Sastra Prancis Unnes 2006. v PRAKATA Tiada kata yang dapat terangkai untuk mewakili sebuah perasaan saat menyelesaikan skripsi ini karena atas limpahan rahmat, taufik, dan hidayah-Nya kepada penulis sehingga penulis mampu menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul: Konflik Psikologis Tokoh ‘’Je’’ dalam Roman Le Dernier Jour d’un Condamné karya Victor Hugo. Penulis meyakini bahwa penyusunan skripsi ini tidak akan dapat selesai tanpa adanya peran serta dari berbagai pihak yang turut membantu terselesaikannya penyusunan skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada: 1. Dekan Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang yang telah memberikan izin kepada penulis untuk melakukan penelitian; 2. Ketua Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Asing yang telah memberikan kemudahan kepada penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi ini; 3. Dra. Conny Handayani, M.Hum, dosen penguji yang telah memberikan kritik dan saran demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini; 4. Dr. B. Wahyudi Joko Santoso, M. Hum, dosen pembimbing I yang telah membantu dan membimbing penulis, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini; 5. Suluh Edhi Wibowo, S.S., M.Hum dosen pembimbing II yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan kepada penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi ini; 6. Orang tua (Bpk. Samuel Nawawi dan Ibu. Zuaini Mak‟ruf) dan kedua saudari vi penulis (Anggi Aldilla dan Putri Samuel) yang selalu memberikan doa, kasih sayang, dukungan dan semangat kepada penulis; 7. Muslim (Om na shasa) yang pernah menjadi seseorang yang selalu memberikan perhatian, kasih sayang, dan semangat terhadap penulis selama mengerjakan skripsi; 8. Keluarga besar Wiratama, khususnya (Bpk. Sandri, Mama Yani, adk Melvin, dan adk Gora) yang selalu memberikan perhatian dan kasih sayang terhadap penulis; 9. Saudari-saudariku penghuni kos Daun khususnya „‟Kunyuk dan Emol‟‟ yang selalu memberikan semangat meski berupa ejekan-ejekan menyakitkan, namun membangun. 10. Teman-teman jurusan Sastra Perancis angkatan 06-07 khususnya (Od2, Chapid, Erai, Vera, Evi, dan Inyong) atas kebersamaannya. 11. Semua pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan dan motivasi dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis berharap segala sesuatu yang tertuang di dalam skripsi ini dapat memberikan manfaat kepada semua pembaca. Kritik dan saran dari pembaca tentu saja sangat penulis harapkan untuk perbaikan karya-karya tulis di masa mendatang. Semarang, 3 September 2011 Adesty Lasally vii ABSTRAK Lasally, Adesty. 2010. Konflik Psikologis Tokoh „‟Je‟‟ dalam Roman Le Dernier Jour d‟un Condamné karya Victor Hugo. Skripsi. Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Asing. Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni. Univeritas Negeri Semarang. Pembimbing I: Dr. B. Wahyudi Joko Santoso, M. Hum., Pembimbing II: Suluh Edhi Wibowo, S.S., M.Hum. Kata kunci: penokohan, konflik, dan akibat disertai reaksi-reaksi tokoh. Berawal dari pertanyaan besar: bagaimanakah Victor Hugo menggambarkan konflik psikologis yang dialami tokoh „‟Je‟‟ dalam roman Le Dernier Jour d’un Condamné, penulis memutuskan untuk menganalisis jenis konflik psikologis, dan akibat yang disertai reaksi-reaksi tokoh „‟Je‟‟ terhadap timbulnya akibat tersebut. Adapun alasan penulis memilih Le Dernier Jour d’un Condamné sebagai objek material dalam penelitian ini adalah karena dalam roman ini Victor Hugo menggambarkan konflik batin yang dialami tokoh „‟Je‟‟ secara mendalam dengan mengggunakan bentuk monolog. Untuk mencapai tujuan akhir penelitian, yaitu mendeskripsikan konflik psikologis, dan akibat yang disertai reaksi-reaksi tokoh „‟Je‟‟ terhadap timbulnya akibat tersebut, penulis terlebih dahulu menganalisis penokohan sebagai tahap awal penelitian. Hal ini bertujuan untuk lebih memudahkan penulis dalam melakukan analisis konflik dan akibat yang disertai reaksi tokoh. Dalam menganalisis penokohan, penulis mengambil data-data yang mengandung unsur penokohan dalam roman Le Dernier Jour d’un Condamné kemudian menganalisisnya dengan menggunakan teknik pelukisan tokoh Altenbernd dan Lewis. Selain mendeskripsikan data penokohan, penulis juga mendeskripsikan konflik dan akibat yang disertai reaksi-reaksi tokoh „‟Je‟‟ berdasarkan data penokohan dengan menggunakan teori kepribadian Atkinson, Atkinson, dan Hilgard. Oleh karena perhatian penelitian ini lebih kepada segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan kejiwaan yang tertuang pada karya, yaitu roman Le Dernier Jour d’un Condamné, maka pendekatan penelitian ini adalah psikologis, dengan mempergunakan sumber-sumber tertulis untuk memperoleh data penulis menggunakan teknik membaca efektif. Adapun metode yang digunakan penulis dalam menganalisis data adalah deskriptif analitis. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis, penulis menganalisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan fakta- fakta kemudian disusul dengan analisis. Setelah menganalisis secara bertahap, penulis mengetahui bahwa tokoh- tokoh dalam sebuah roman juga mengalami konflik psikologis yang kemudian menimbulkan akibat terhadap tokoh yang juga menimbulkan reaksi-reaksi tokoh yang dapat dilihat dari karakter, sifat, dan tindakan-tindakan tokoh yang terdapat didalam data penokohan tersebut. viii RÉSUMÉ Lasally, Adesty. 2011. Les Conflits Psychologiques du Personnage „‟Je‟‟ du Roman Le Dernier Jour d‟un Condamné: Victor Hugo. Mémoire. Département des Langues et des Littératures Étrangères, programme d‟études de la Littérature Française. Faculté des Langues et des Arts. Université d‟État de Semarang. Directeurs: 1. Dr. B. Wahyudi Joko Santoso, M. Hum., 2. Suluh Edhi Wibowo, S.S., M. Hum. Mots clés : la personnalité, conflits psychologique, conséquences, et réactions du personnage. Le roman Le dernier jour d‟un condamné, Victor Hugo. A. Introduction La littérature est un domaine qui utilise la langue comme média et qui appartient à la création sociale présentant une illustration de la vie en tant qu‟un phénomène social. Les phénomènes sociaux et la littérature ont la même conception. C‟est la vie humaine (Damono, 1978 :1). Généralement, la littérature est un reflet de la vie qui décrit des conflits dans la vie humaine elle-même. Un des conflits subi par un personnage dans une œuvre littéraire est le conflit intérieur ou le conflit psychologique. Selon Endraswara (2003:96-97), une œuvre littéraire est vu comme phénomène psychologique présentant des aspects psychologiques par des personnages. La littérature et la psychologie ont une relation indirecte et fonctionnelle car les deux disciplines ont le même objet : c‟est la vie et la psychologie humaine. La différence, c‟est que les phénomènes dans la psychologie sont réels, mais les phénomènes dans la littérature sont imaginaires. Dans cette recherche, j‟utilise le roman Le Dernier Jour d’un Condamné de Victor Hugo comme source des données. Ce roman a été publié en 1892 chez ix Gosselin. Il a été traduit en plusieurs langues et a été adapté en une bande dessinée par Stanislas et Jean-Mechel Mongrédien. En outre, il a été utilisé pour les matériaux de l‟étude des œuvres littéraires par Chantal Saint-Jarre et Groupe Beauchemin
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