QuintessentialAmerica

by DAVID RUTTER

Davy Blair’s Magical Key Nothing about travel over the world’s seas has been the same since 1912 when sank. We learned our lesson that night in April. We are safe these days because we have perfect technology, perfect safety measures and perfect construction to make every ocean trip … perfect. Or do we?

avy Blair was grumpy, as anyone might expect he and bereft of even the hint of lint. would be. The job of his life had been whisked away in a bureau- He was at the top of his game as a merchant mariner. He was playing in cratic swirl. He was staying home. Just a bad break he didn’t de- the very biggest of big leagues. serve.D But there was nothing to be done. He was a man accustomed to taking But the captain inserted a new chief officer just for the maiden trip, and commands as well as issuing them. So he saluted and left. the organizational dominoes started to tilt all the way down to Blair. No one Blair was the Second Officer aboard the grandest mechanical conveyance ever got fired exactly. They just all moved down a rung in the command structure. wrought by the hand of humankind. The new 66,000-ton was a goddess. So barely a day before Titanic’s historical, providential, tragic, Atlantic But she was doomed, of course. RMS Titanic would not live for another pilgrimage, Blair was beached and staggered. He was heartbroken. And not week though its hulking ghost would haunt us, and entice us for a century. only beached, but he was moved aside as his officer shipmates watched. She was tragically flawed, not the least of which by the men who drove her How profound was that moment? The grandest machine of the century to doom. They loved technology and machines as much as their descendants. would die soon, though the simplest of mechanical devices – the bright brass They trusted machines, just as we do. They were betrayed by machines, as we key in Davy’s woolen pocket – would have saved her. often are. Even Davy Blair was prepared to love the grand, elegant Titanic. Davy Blair felt the key inside his pocket, but walked down the gangplank Who wouldn’t? past the gathering Southampton passengers. Then he forgot all about it. He had gone through the shakedown cruise with a beaming record. The He sailed for 30 more years. He died in 1955. double-rowed brass buttons on his day White Star Lines uniform jacket were Ah yes, ponder the cabinet and the brass key that opened the lock to it. glistening bright, and the dark wool blazer and necktie were pressed, sleek Inside the locked cabinet was the answer.

54 • Quintessential Barrington | QBarrington.com But this story is only partly about Davy Blair and the night Titanic dived downward into a freezing hole in the North Atlantic Ocean and took 1,522 souls with her. We have been mesmerized by that night of terror and trauma for more than a century. We know the tale as part of our cultural memory. There was the egotistical race by corporate shills to win a speed prize (untrue as it turns out); the missing lifeboats; the looming iceberg; the immigrants trapped be- low; the ship’s orchestra playing “Nearer My God To Thee” as the deadly wa- ter rose; the unsinkable ship that sank. The courage of some. The cowardice of others. We sought to cure our enduring fear of that night with new, infallible technology because technology cures every flaw in humanity. We have told ourselves that ever since we peered out from our caves and struck at flint to harness fire. A group of survivors of the Titanic disaster aboard the Carpathia after being Fire might have been our first machine. We are a species that adores tools rescued. that are bigger, stronger, and more robust than we are. Thus, this is a story about technological delusions and how we love our inventions, as though sophisticated machinery is a devoted child who will love us back. Davy Blair would have loved Titanic, had she given him the chance. But Fred Fleet, the surviving overnight lookout, said he would have saved the she died. His key could not save her. ship with Blair’s glasses. No doubts; no question. If the brass key and lock are too simplistic for your Sherlockholmsian Things we know that are not true tastes, consider the radiotelegraph aboard. As with all complex historical events, we know what is true about Titanic’s The operators actually worked for the telegraph’s inventor – Guglielmo demise because the story has been repeated so often that it becomes imbed- Marconi – but their technology was clunky, and obsolete when it was in- ded folklore. But why Titanic sank can be laid to at least 100 main themes, stalled. And worse, it worked so badly that it might have materially doomed almost none of which are remembered now. everyone aboard Titanic. We know about Titanic because of James Cameron’s movie. Before that, we Aboard Titanic, the radiotelegraph was less a safety device than a way for rich knew all the relevant facts because of the 1958 movie “A Night to Remember”. people to send pithy dot-and-dash text messages to shore-bound compatriots. Every retelling of Titanic’s saga overlays manufactured memory and myth Technically, the problem with the Titanic’s radiotelegraph was that Mar- interwoven with partial truth. We ask drama to suffice when history is complex. coni’s “spark” system soaked up virtually all of the frequency bandwidth and In the case of Blair’s key, we knew that he loaned his sea binoculars to created overwhelming interference for all other within signaling dis- lookouts for the trip from the shipbuilder in Belfast to Southampton. But tance. Marconi ruthlessly froze out competition for competing technology. when he left that ship on April 9, the story becomes muddled. Did he leave It was just business. the binoculars in the crow’s nest cabinet. Or were they inside the cabinet in The type of “constant wave” radio that would have saved all aboard Titanic his former quarters? In any case, he took the key with him. was readily available. But Marconi stopped it from being used in British ships. When Titanic returned from New York, he fully expected to regain his Marconi had been invited to travel on the voyage but decided to take the old post. Lusitania three days earlier, because he had paperwork to do and liked the On the night of April 14, the lookouts could not find the glasses or the stenographer on Lusitania better. key to the lookout cabinet. One lookout survived the sinking and told official In a bitterly poignant moment in 1927, Marconi laid a wreath at a small inquisitors that, with Blair’s glasses, he would have seen the shimmering ice- New York memorial for Jack Phillips, the wireless operator who had gone berg far enough away for Titanic to turn and escape doom. down with the Titanic, still sending out distress calls to the last. No one could Consider the techno conundrum. hear the dots and dashes. The lock and key are technological devices, too. Greek metal smelterer Many stories about the night of April 14, 1912, and the wee hours before Theodorus of Samos invented the first one in 600 B.C. That was the same the next dawn when the ship died are like that. There is the truth, the alterna- device that Blair controlled; the same one that opens the front door to your home. That was the device that might have held the Titanic’s fate. tive truth, the possible truth, and the totally fabricated that seems true. Of course, it’s not that easy. White Star Lines/Titanic aficionados – they But they all are linked by beloved technology that failed because the hu- are a vast, passionate band of devotees – say the binoculars were not refined man component failed first. enough to have made any difference on a cold night with odd water-filtered Where have we come? mirages and besides, other officers could have supplied the devices if they Some facts about the aftermath of the Titanic are not in dispute because had been asked. No one asked. we can see the truth as a daily reminder. Titanic and its three million rivets

QBarrington.com | Quintessential Barrington • 55 Behind the Signature Initials

ACANTHUS The RMS Titanic was a passenger ship, yet its prefix initials signify that it was also a Ship (RMS). Royal Mail DESIGN Ships were also called Steamers, or . This desig- nation dates back to the 1840s and when used, signified that the ship had a contract with the British Royal Mail to carry Timeless Interpretation mail. Such mail carriers were allowed to raise the pennant for All Interior Spaces of the Royal Mail and display the crown logo on their ships. When not a Royal Mail carrier, or at the conclusion of the service contract, seagoing vessels would then revert back to “SS” which means .

sank 15 years before Lindbergh flew solo for the first time across the Atlantic; thus the Victorian concept of world travel was not ours. Virtually all trans-ocean trips are by air now, and every migratory launch is tracked by satellite GPS, continual live-voice radio contact and managed by surface radar. The sea lanes are highways now. Before Titanic, the governing bodies of sea safety were comprised of ag- ing and retired bishops, bankers, and academics, none of whom knew much about maritime safety. It was a cushy retirement sinecure controlled by the shipping industry. It was an old boy’s club. Titanic’s death shook that 19th century establishment to its core, as it did the underlying rules that governed all safety at sea. Those oceans now are managed by tight, international regulatory accords. Sea travel has become redefined as leisurely day trips from port to port aboard lavishly appointed floating hotels. In 1912, the very idea of long distance traveling from one continent to another was a luxury that few could afford. The trips usually were life-changing events or the benefit of massive wealth. How wealthy? The best first class ticket aboard Titanic went for $106,500 in 2014 dollars. Several millionaires traveling with spouses, children, and do- mestic staff spent a half million dollars for their tickets. Even a third class ticket ran $950 for a two-person berth, which afforded little more than a place to sleep. There were 84 two-berth cabins for third class passengers on board Titan- Deb Watson ic. One of then likely was occupied by Gurnee sheep farmer William James Interior Designer Elsbury who was bringing home $10,000 or so from his late father’s estate in 847.828.0880 England. Elsbury never saw his wife and four sons again. However, even third class accommodations aboard Titanic were quite sump- tuous for Victorian times. White Star provided full meals, and clean bedding even for third class travelers. Heat and electrical lighting for the cabins were • • Design Remodel Build included in the cost of passage, and large, clean, public toilets were provided. Consultations • Furniture • Flooring Titanic had only two bath tubs for all the 1,000 third class passengers - Window Treatments • General Contracting Services one tub for men, and another for women. No one travels that way now. By 21st century standards, only the very rich traveled as well as we do. Designing Personalized Interiors Since 1985 But context controls reality. For those in the lower decks who were not www.acanthusdesigninteriors.com allowed to mix with other travelers, the Titanic was a massive, relatively comfortable bus taking them to a better life. The concept of entertaining sea

56 • Quintessential Barrington | QBarrington.com cruises was still decades away, but in 1912 there was no travel except this ver- sion of it. No ships did it more opulently than vessels. A trusted name in the community for over 36 years. Whether you set out on a day cruise or a round-the-world trip now, every aspect of your journey has been affected by the Titanic. The ripple of the disaster was seismic. It was the first major news story of the century. Titanic was not just the ship. It was everything she represented; the idea that spending enough wealth and technological expertise could overcome nature. Titanic taught us what hubris meant. Preachers railed against the blasphemy of daring God to sink the unsinkable, though the builders never proclaimed such a thought. Never before had so many important people on the planet been assem- bled in one place at one time; most would perish, including a huge portion of the stock market that went plunging down after the ship. But it was more than even that; the loss of Titanic triggered a kind of na- tional nervous breakdown in , the country of her birth. Consider what building Titanic and her sisters required – 15,000 labored for three years in Ireland. As an Irish historian noted, it was the biggest single construction project on the planet since the great pyramids. In New York, the Hudson River had to be dredged to accommodate her. After Titanic, no one who travels by sea can escape regular drills to reach their assigned lifeboats. In 1912, all rules of inter-ship safety were rudimen- tary because all communication was incessantly spotty. As for ocean rescues, United States maintained a fleet of coastal revenue cutters that had stopped illegal commerce, enforced tariffs, and stopped smugglers all the way back to Thomas Jefferson’s day. ASPHALT PAVING • ASPHALT SEALING But the Titanic’s death launched what would become the International Ice Residential • Commercial Patrol, which became the U.S. Coast Guard. As the Victorian Age died, com- BRICK PAVER SERVICES mercial ships between continents were mostly on their own. Driveways, Walkways, Ribbons & Patios Titanic’s death made the world gasp. The ultimate result is that seas are CONCRETE SERVICES safer now through international accords, though the price to humanity was Driveways, Patios & Decorative Pavements steep. We have far better imbedded technology now. As an example, almost all ships now have full double hulls, and radio stands watch for 24 hours. Titanic’s “double hull” covered only the bottom of the ship. Titanic’s “un- We design, build & maintain sinkable” watertight compartments actually were watertight only on five all your pavement projects. sides of the room – the top was not impregnable. Almost nothing that killed Titanic would allow a ship to be sunk in 2014. Marconi finally figured out the radio. World War II brought radar. As for Blair’s key, a Chinese millionaire bought it at auction in 2007 for $200,000. $100 OFF The sturdy little brass device is displayed in his Nanjing jewelry store where it would work perfectly as it once did. ANY PAVE JOB EXPIRES 7/1/14 Just put the key in the lock and turn it. It works. Machines always work. We love machines. After all, what could SCHEDULE BEFORE JUNE 1, 2014 go wrong? & RECEIVE AN ADDITIONAL $25 OFF

Not to be combined with any other offers or discounts. Good for any pave job above $2000. Offer must be mentioned at time of confi rmed scheduling.

David Rutter is a regular contributor to Quintessential Barrington.

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QBarrington.com | Quintessential Barrington • 57