DOCSLIB.ORG

Exposing the Supply and Use of Dogs and Cats in Higher Education

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exposing the Supply and Use of Dogs and Cats in Higher Education Exposing the supply and use of dogs and cats in higher education www.dyingtolearn.org Exposing the supply and use of dogs and cats in higher education PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................ SECTION I: Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1 B. Collection of Information ........................................................................................................................2 C. Findings and Recommendations ............................................................................................................2 1. Schools are engaging in harmful use of dogs and cats for teaching purposes. ................................2 2. Schools are acquiring dogs and cats from inhumane sources. ..........................................................3 SECTION II: Animal Use for Educational Purposes and the Adoption of Alternatives .................................. 4 A. Current Use of Dogs and Cats in Higher Education .............................................................................. 4 B. History of Vivisection and Dissection .....................................................................................................5 C. Students Advocating for Student Choice Policies and Alternatives ..................................................... 6 1. Primary and Secondary Education .....................................................................................................7 2. Colleges and Universities .................................................................................................................. 8 3. Veterinary Education ......................................................................................................................... 9 4. Medical Education .............................................................................................................................11 SECTION III: Sources of Dogs and Cats Used in Higher Education ............................................................... 13 A. Pound Seizure ....................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Universities Acquiring Animals from Pounds and Shelters .............................................................. 13 2. Problems with Pound Seizure ..........................................................................................................14 3. History of Pound Seizure .................................................................................................................. 15 4. Current Status of Pound Seizure Laws ............................................................................................16 B. Animal Dealers ...................................................................................................................................... 17 1. Class B Dealers – Random Source .................................................................................................... 18 2. Class B Dealers – Biological Supply Companies ..............................................................................25 3. Class A Dealers ................................................................................................................................ 30 SECTION IV: Eliminating the Harmful Use of Animals in Education ............................................................ 34 A. Alternatives .......................................................................................................................................... 34 1. The Animal Welfare Information Center ..........................................................................................35 2. Animalearn’s The Science Bank .......................................................................................................35 B. Student Choice Policies ........................................................................................................................35 C. No Random Source Animals Policies ....................................................................................................37 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................ 38 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................................................A1 A. Figures and Tables ................................................................................................................................A1 1. Figure 1 - Map of States From Which Animal Use Records Were Obtained ...................................A2 2. Table 1 - Sources of Live Dogs and Cats Used for Higher Education .............................................A3 3. Table 2 - Class B Random Source Dealers and Sales of Live Animals ............................................A4 4. Table 3 - Biological Supply Companies and Sales of Dog and Cat Cadavers ................................A5 B. Student/Educator Tool Kit ....................................................................................................................B1 1. Comprehensive List of Alternatives to the Harmful Use of Dogs and Cats in Undergraduate, Veterinary, and Medical Education ......................................................................... B2 2. Guide to Establishing an Educational Memorial Program (EMP) ..................................................B17 3. Guide to Passing a Student Choice Policy .....................................................................................B19 4. Sample of a Model Student Choice Policy .....................................................................................B21 5. Sample of a No Random Source Animals Policy .......................................................................... B23 Dying to Learn Preface Animalearn, the educational division of the American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS), serves as a resource for educators interested in implementing effective methods of humane science education into their curricula. In carrying out this mission, we travel to national education conferences, delivering workshops and conducting presentations on how teachers and professors can use the latest innovations in undergraduate and graduate life science, veterinary, and medical education. We also work with students who wish to obtain their life science, veterinary, or medical education without harming animals, and in conjunction with Dr. Lynette Hart,1 published a template of best practices for students wishing to establish a student choice policy2 at their college or university.3 Animalearn also houses The Science Bank, which is the largest free loan program in the United States for alternatives to dissection and vivisection for K-12, college, university, veterinary, and medical education. The Science Bank offers modern, humane alternatives to using animals, including CD-ROMs, models, mannequins, and simulators. Since Animalearn’s inception in 1990, we have received many inquiries from educators and students about the origins of animals being used for educational purposes in the United States. They are often surprised to learn that dogs and cats—animals that many Americans have in their homes as pets—are not only used, but are also harmed and even killed for educational purposes. Many question where schools are obtaining these animals. Due to the increasing numbers of people being forced to surrender their pets4 to pounds5 because of the current foreclosure crisis in the United States, we have received questions about whether former companion animals are being sold for educational and scientific use. We found that available information to answer these questions was lacking and decided to investigate the acquisition and use of dogs and cats at public colleges and universities across the U.S. After careful analysis, we present Dying to Learn: Exposing the Supply and Use of Dogs and Cats in Higher Education with the goal of providing a detailed look into how schools obtain dogs and cats, and what happens to our pets in campus labs. We believe that the evidence will be startling to anyone who shares a home with a beloved companion animal and who considers a dog or cat a part of the family. The findings point to failures in the system that seeks to provide reassurance to the public that animals are used appropriately and only under compelling circumstances in science, including science education. Animalearn works to constructively engage with the educational community by providing resources and identifying solutions. In Dying to Learn: Exposing the Supply and Use of Dogs and Cats in Higher Education, we include educationally sound solutions to replace harmful use of animals in higher education. With the extensive array of high-quality alternatives to harmful animal use available, and the number of renowned institutions of higher education implementing them into their curricula, we encourage those colleges and universities still using animals to explore and use these alternatives. Never before have advances in modern technology offered
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Animal Imagery in Toni Morrison: Degradation and Community
    Cusanelli 1 Olivia Cusanelli ENG 390 Dr. Boudreau 29 April 2016 Animal Imagery in Toni Morrison: Degradation and Community Toni Morrison’s novels Song of Solomon and Beloved are rich with imagery of nature that often connects with the characters. Something which is not always a prevalent aspect of the nature Morrison describes but is inherently present throughout the texts is the detailed descriptions and portrayal of animals. There are some explicit connections between animals and characters, most significantly between birds and Milkman and Paul D and numerous animals such as cows, beasts, and a rooster. What is so unique about the animals connected with the two central male characters of Song of Solomon and Beloved is the underlying symbolism associated with man and animal. Throughout both novels Milkman and Paul D are on very different paths of the African American male. Milkman, brought up in comfortable middle-class wealth has not been subjected to hardship because of his race unlike many of his peers. Paul D on the other hand, has struggled immensely during his life as a slave. The novels are set in two different time periods, Song of Solomon during 1931-1963 in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Virginia and Beloved in 1873 Cincinnati, Ohio with flashbacks as far back as 1850. These two vastly different experiences as African American men are possibly a representation of the progression of the social roles of the African American male. In her novel Beloved Toni Morrison uses animals to portray the degradation of African American men through Paul D who struggles to obtain an ideal sense of manhood, and in Song of Solomon Morrison uses animals to show that in order to survive in this country as a black male, one must share the struggle through community.
    [Show full text]
  • The White Animals
    The 5outh 'r Greatert Party Band Playr Again: Narhville 'r Legendary White AniMalr Reunite to 5old-0ut Crowdr By Elaine McArdle t's 10 p.m. on a sweltering summer n. ight in Nashville and standing room only at the renowned Exit/In bar, where the crowd - a bizarre mix of mid­ Idle-aged frat rats and former punk rockers - is in a frenzy. Some drove a day or more to get here, from Florida or Arizona or North Carolina. Others flew in from New York or California, even the Virgin Islands. One group of fans chartered a jet from Mobile, Ala. With scores of people turned away at the door, the 500 people crushed into the club begin shouting song titles before the music even starts. "The White Animals are baaaaaaack!" bellows one wild-eyed thirty­ something, who appears mainstream in his khaki shorts and docksiders - until you notice he reeks of patchouli oil and is dripping in silver-and-purple mardi gras beads, the ornament of choice for White Animals fans. Next to him, a mortgage banker named Scott Brown says he saw the White Animals play at least 20 times when he was an undergrad at the University of Tennessee. He wouldn't have missed this long-overdue reunion - he saw both the Friday and Saturday shows - for a residential closing on Mar-A-Lago. Lead singer Kevin Gray, a one-time medical student who dropped his stud­ ies in 1978 to work in the band fulltime, steps onto the stage and peers out into the audience, recognizing faces he hasn't seen in more than a decade.
    [Show full text]
  • If the Stones Were the Bohemian Bad Boys of the British R&B Scene, The
    anEHEl s If the Stones were the bohemian bad boys of the British R&B scene, the Animals were its working-class heroes. rom the somber opening chords of the than many of his English R&B contemporaries. The Animals’ first big hit “House of the Rising Animals’ best records had such great resonance because Sun,” the world could tell that this band Burdon drew not only on his enthusiasm, respect and was up to something different than their empathy for the blues and the people who created it, but British Invasion peers. When the record also on his own English working class sensibilities. hitP #1 in England and America in the summer and fall of If the Stones were the decadent, bohemian bad boys 1964, the Beatles and their Mersey-beat fellow travellers of the British R&B scene, the Animals were its working- dominated the charts with songs like “I Want to Hold Your class heroes. “We Gotta Get Out of This Place” and “It’s My Hand” and “Glad All Over.” “House of the Rising Sun,” a tra­ Life,” two Brill Building-penned hits for the band, were ditional folk song then recently recorded by Bob Dylan on informed as much by working-class anger as by Burdons his debut album, was a tale of the hard life of prostitution, blues influences, and the bands anthemic background poverty and despair in New Orleans. In the Animals’ vocals underscored the point. recording it became a full-scale rock & roll drama, During the two-year period that the original scored by keyboardist Alan Price’s rumbling organ play­ Animals recorded together, their electrified reworkings of ing and narrated by Eric Burdons vocals, which, as on folk songs undoubtedly influenced the rise of folk-rock, many of the Animals’ best records, built from a foreboding and Burdons gritty vocals inspired a crop of British and bluesy lament to a frenetic howl of pain and protest.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncorrected Proof
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science xxx (2017) xxx-xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Animal Behaviour Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com Development and application of CatFACS: Are human cat adopters influenced by cat facial expressions? C.C. Caeiro a, b, ⁎, A.M Burrows c, d, B.M. Waller e a School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK b School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK c Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States d Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States e Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1st Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2DY, UK PROOF ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is quickly becoming the most popular animal companion in the world. The evo- Received 13 June 2016 lutionary processes that occur during domestication are known to have wide effects on the morphology, behaviour, cog- Received in revised form 4 January nition and communicative abilities of a species. Since facial expression is central to human communication, it is possible 2017 that cat facial expression has been subject to selection during domestication. Standardised measurement techniques to Accepted 8 January 2017 study cat facial expression are, however, currently lacking. Here, as a first step to enable cat facial expression to be stud- Available online xxx ied in an anatomically based and objective way, CatFACS (Cat Facial Action Coding System) was developed. Fifteen individual facial movements (Action Units), six miscellaneous movements (Action Descriptors) and seven Ear Action Keywords: Descriptors were identified in the domestic cat.
    [Show full text]
  • Sky Pilot, How High Can You Fly - Not Even Past
    Sky Pilot, How High Can You Fly - Not Even Past BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS OUR/STORIES STUDENTS ABOUT 15 MINUTE HISTORY "The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST Tweet 19 Like THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN Sky Pilot, How High Can You Fly by Nathan Stone Making History: Houston’s “Spirit of the Confederacy” I started going to camp in 1968. We were still just children, but we already had Vietnam to think about. The evening news was a body count. At camp, we didn’t see the news, but we listened to Eric Burdon and the Animals’ Sky Pilot while doing our beadwork with Father Pekarski. Pekarski looked like Grandpa from The Munsters. He was bald with a scowl and a growl, wearing shorts and an official camp tee shirt over his pot belly. The local legend was that at night, before going out to do his vampire thing, he would come in and mix up your beads so that the red ones were in the blue box, and the black ones were in the white box. Then, he would twist the thread on your bead loom a hundred and twenty times so that it would be impossible to work with the next day. And laugh. In fact, he was as nice a May 06, 2020 guy as you could ever want to know. More from The Public Historian BOOKS America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States by Erika Lee (2019) April 20, 2020 More Books The Munsters Back then, bead-craft might have seemed like a sort of “feminine” thing to be doing at a boys’ camp.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Autumn Production of the Farce, Caught on the Hop by Derek Benfield, Although Playing to Somewhat Diminished Audiences
    Our Autumn Production of the farce, Caught on the Hop by Derek Benfield, although playing to somewhat diminished audiences, provided a great evening’s entertainment to those who did turn out to support us. We congratulate again the cast of David Rose, David Fanthorpe, Julie Cumbo, Vicki Stanbury, Jackie Barrett, Tony Goddard, Croia Reilly and Biff Harrison who worked really well together under the direction of Chris Hepher. Reviews were favourable, with newcomer to The Barn, Julie Cumbo, receiving special praise for her portrayal of Maggie, the long suffering wife of serial philanderer Phil. Preparations are already underway for our exciting January 2005 Pantomime, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, directed by Janette White with Lawrie Horton as Musical Director and Fran Roberts (nee Newitt) as Choreographer. Carly Thompson is our Snow White with Chrissie Webb as her wicked Stepmother. Vicki Stanbury who was Jack in our 2004 Panto plays the Prince and we are very pleased to welcome back to The Barn, after several years’ absence at University, Lucy Coward as Sir Dashing. Our Dame this year is Mike Rourke as Nursey who teams up with new member Jonathan Wilson as Muddles to provide much of the comedy. Janette has chosen a mixture of adults and teenagers to portray the seven “little people” who are Kay Davies, Sophie McTavish, Sam Davies, Ben Atterbury, Laura Brand, Abigail Thomas-Verweij and Jo Cox. Fran has created lively dance routines for the dancing team of Tonia Porter, Neila Dawes, Nicola Wilson and Natalie Bristow and also for the Adult and the Junior Chorus members with some great popular songs.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Experimentation in India
    Animal Defenders International ● National Anti-Vivisection Society Animal Experimentation in India Unfettered science: How lack of accountability and control has led to animal abuse and poor science “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. Vivisection is the blackest of all the black crimes that man is at present committing against God and His fair creation. It ill becomes us to invoke in our daily prayers the blessings of God, the Compassionate, if we in turn will not practise elementary compassion towards our fellow creatures.” And, “I abhor vivisection with my whole soul. All the scientific discoveries stained with the innocent blood I count as of no consequence.” Mahatma Gandhi Thanks With thanks to Maneka Gandhi and the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) of India for their report on the use of animals in laboratories, which has been used for this critique of the state of scientific and medical research in India. Animal Defenders International and the National Anti-Vivisection Society UK fully support and encourage the efforts of the members of India’s CPCSEA to enforce standards and controls over the use of animals in laboratories in India, and their recommendation that facilities and practices in India’s research laboratories be brought up to international standards of good laboratory practice, good animal welfare, and good science. Contributors Jan Creamer Tim Phillips Chris Brock Robert Martin ©2003 Animal Defenders International & National Anti-Vivisection Society ISBN: Animal Defenders International 261 Goldhawk Road, London W12 9PE, UK tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Animals and the Art of Empathy D Thomas
    197 RESEARCH ETHICS J Med Ethics: first published as 10.1136/jme.2003.006387 on 30 March 2005. Downloaded from Laboratory animals and the art of empathy D Thomas ............................................................................................................................... J Med Ethics 2005;31:197–204. doi: 10.1136/jme.2003.006387 Consistency is the hallmark of a coherent ethical take a big leap of imagination to empathise with the victims of animal experiments as well. In philosophy. When considering the morality of particular short: if we would not want done to ourselves behaviour, one should look to identify comparable what we do to laboratory animals, we should not situations and test one’s approach to the former against do it to them. one’s approach to the latter. The obvious comparator for Animals suffer animal experiments is non-consensual experiments on Crucially for the debate about the morality of people. In both cases, suffering and perhaps death is animal experiments, non-human animals suffer knowingly caused to the victim, the intended beneficiary is just as human ones do. Descartes may have described animals as ‘‘these mechanical robots someone else, and the victim does not consent. Animals [who] could give such a realistic illusion of suffer just as people do. As we condemn non-consensual agony’’ (my emphasis) but no serious scientist experiments on people, we should, if we are to be today doubts that the manifestation of agony is real, not illusory. Indeed, the whole pro-vivisec- consistent, condemn non-consensual experiments on tion case is based on the premise that animals animals. The alleged differences between the two practices are sufficiently similar to us physiologically, and often put forward do not stand up to scrutiny.
    [Show full text]
  • Exposing the Supply and Use of Dogs and Cats in Higher Education
    Exposing the supply and use of dogs and cats in higher education www.dyingtolearn.org Exposing the supply and use of dogs and cats in higher education PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................ SECTION I: Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 A. Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1 B. Collection of Information ........................................................................................................................2 C. Findings and Recommendations ............................................................................................................2 1. Schools are engaging in harmful use of dogs and cats for teaching purposes. ................................2 2. Schools are acquiring dogs and cats from inhumane sources. ..........................................................3 SECTION II: Animal Use for Educational Purposes and the Adoption of Alternatives .................................. 4 A. Current Use of Dogs and Cats in Higher Education .............................................................................. 4 B. History of Vivisection and Dissection .....................................................................................................5 C. Students
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Application of Catfacs: Are Human Cat Adopters Influenced by Cat Facial Expressions?
    Development and application of CatFACS: Are human cat adopters influenced by cat facial expressions? Caeiro, C. C.1,2, Burrows, A. M.3,4, Waller, B.M.5 1School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK 2School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK 3Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 4Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 5Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1st Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DY, UK Corresponding author: Catia Caeiro, email: [email protected] Highlights: ‐ The Cat Facial Action Coding System (CatFACS) was developed for the domestic cat ‐ 14 Action Units, 6 Action Descriptors and 7 Ear Action Descriptors were found ‐ Humans selected shelter cats that rubbed more in a first encounter ‐ Facial movements and vocalisations did not affect adoption decision ‐ Non‐behavioural variables such as coat colour or age did not affect adoption decision Abstract: The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is quickly becoming the most popular animal companion in the world. The evolutionary processes that occur during domestication are known to have wide effects on the morphology, behaviour, cognition and communicative abilities of a species. Since facial expression is central to human communication, it is possible that cat facial expression has been subject to selection during domestication. Standardised measurement techniques to study cat facial expression are, however, currently lacking. Here, as a first step to enable cat facial expression to be studied in an anatomically 1 based and objective way, CatFACS (Cat Facial Action Coding System) was developed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case Against Animal Experiments
    The Case Against Animal Experiments Animal experiments are both unethical and unscientific. Animals in laboratories endure appalling suffering, such as being deliberately poisoned, brain-damaged and subjected to inescapable electric shocks. The pain and misery inflicted on the victims is enough, on its own, to make vivisection worthy of public condemnation. But animal “ “ experiments are also bad science, since the results they produce cannot be reliably translated to humans. They therefore offer little hope of advancing medical progress. The Case Against Animal Experiments outlines the suffering of animals used in research, before providing a clear, non-technical description of the scientific problems S E with vivisection. L I www.animalaid.org.uk C I N I M O D © How animals are used Contents Each year around four million How animals are used .......................... 1 animals are experimented on inside British laboratories. The suffering of animals in Dogs, cats, horses, monkeys, laboratories ........................................ 2 rats, rabbits and other animals Cruel experiments .................................... 2 are used, as well as hundreds A failing inspection regime ........................ 3 of thousands of genetically Secrecy and misinformation ...................... 4 modified mice. The most The GM mouse myth ................................ 4 common types of experiment The scientific case against either attempt to test how animal experiments .............................. 5 safe a substance is (toxicity Summary ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Speciesism: a Form of Bigotry Or a Justified View? Evelyn Pluhar
    -------~------------ - SPECIESISM: A FORM OF BIGOTRY OR A JUSTIFIED VIEW? EVELYN PLUHAR Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Fayette Campuscampus Editor's Note: An abridgedabridged version of this paper and thethe commentary on it by Prof.Prof. Sapontzis were delivered atat the December, 1987, meetingmeeting of the Society for the StudyStudy of Ethics and Animals held inin New York City.City. g~;~~~:Fr:iiil~~JmoDs. He ..... York: Dover, 1979 We humans tend to view ourselves as the paradigms of morally considerable beings. Humans, it is often claimed, are the most morally valuable (perhaps the ~ morally PHILOSOPHY valuable) beings on this planet. It is commonly assumed that "lesser" beings 83 BRIWEENBEIWEEN THE SPECIES should be sacrificed for our benefit. When For those who continue to think that it is not pressed to provide a rational defense for the wrong to eat and vivisect non humans, but belief in human pre-eminence, philosophers indefensible to do so to even less well have argued that our autonomous, richly mentally endowed humans, the issue should complex lives warrant our special status. be very pressing indeed. They stand accused Few, however, have argued that humans who of moral inconsistency by two very are incapable of autonomy may properly be different groups. Those who have become sacrificed to further the interests of normal convinced that moral considerability is not humans. restricted to humanity are urging that we cease even the painless exploitation of It was inevitable that this prima facie non humans. According to quite another, inconsistency would be challenged. Writers very disturbing view, we should consider like Peter Singer and Tom Regan advanced exploiting mentally defective humans in the argument from marginal cases to show addition to nonhumans.
    [Show full text]