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Variability of Morphometric Caracteristics of One-Year Seedlings of Different Half-Sib European White Elm (Ulmus Effusa Wild.) from the Great War Island

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Variability of Morphometric Caracteristics of One-Year Seedlings of Different Half-Sib European White Elm (Ulmus Effusa Wild.) from the Great War Island BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2) December 2013: 87-92 Devetaković, J.,et al. Variability of morphometric caracteristic of… 4 (1-2) • December 2013: 87-92 11th SFSES • 13-16 June 2013, Vlasina lake Original Article Variability of morphometric caracteristics of one-year seedlings of different half-sib European White Elm (Ulmus effusa Wild.) from the Great War Island Jovana Devetaković, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Vladan Ivetić Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia * E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Devetaković, J., Šiljačić-Nikolić, M., Ivetić, V.: Variability of morphometric caracteristics of one-year seedlings of different half-sib European White Elm (Ulmus effusa Wild.) from the Great War Island. Biologica Nyssana, 4 (1-2), December 2013: 87-92. European White Elm is recognized as a rare and endangered species in the forest fund of the Republic of Serbia. During the past century massive drying of elms occurred and the indications of their extinction appeared, which consequently led to a reduction in genetic diversity and the danger of genetic drift. In the area of the Great War Island near Belgrade we found 56 trees of European White Elm that are spatially divided into three subpopulations. In order to assess the genetic potential of European White Elm in the Great War Island and to define adequate conservation measures variability of 14 selected test trees progeny was rated. Results shows that the satisfactory variability within the popoulation exists, which is a good basis for the conservation of genepool available. Key words: conservation, European White Elm, genepool, seedlings, Ulmus effusa, variability. Introduction main cause of the often drying of these species. However, disappearance of wetlands due to drainage European White Elm (Ulmus effusa Wild., for agricultural production or poplar cultivation is syn. U. laevis Pall.) is one of the three more often considered to be the cause of European autochthonous species of familiy Ulmaceae Mirb. in White Elm drying (Collin 2003). Serbia. Unlike Field Elm (Ulmus minor Miller) and In the forest fund of the Republic of Serbia, Mountain Elm (Ulmus montana With.), which European White Elm is recognized as a rare and occupy slightly different habitats, European White endangered species (B a n k o v i ć et al. 2009). From Elm (Ulmus effusa Wild.) is a species limited to the the perspective of conservation and directed lowlands. Looking outside of Serbia, European utilization of forest genetic resources, European white elm grows in Central and Eastern Europe White Elm can be considered as priority species in (J o v a n o v i ć 2007). sence of the available genepool, and the fact that During the past century massive drying of conservation areas for in situ conservation of this elms occurred and the indications of their extinction species in Serbia do not exist, and the methods of ex appeared, both in natural populations and in urban situ conservation were not performed (Š i j a č i ć - areas, which consenquently lead to the reduction of N i k o l i ć , M ilovanović 2010). genetic diversity and the danger of genetic drift. The variability and growth of European White Dutch elm disease (DED) is considered to be the Elm seedlings were studied by many authors. 87 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2) December 2013: 87-92 Devetaković, J.,et al. Variability of morphometric caracteristic of… B l a c k - S a m u e l s s o n et al. (2003) reported existence of a strong additive genetic variation between and within populations in growth of one- year old seedlings as response to drought stress. W i t h e l e y et al. (2003) also reported iner- and intrapopulation variability of one-year old seedlings. Examining of the four-year old plants of Fraxinus angustifolia and Ulmus laevis, C i c e k et al. (2011), reports influence of provenance and growth density on the development of ash seedlings, but lack of significant influence on European White Elm seedlings. Material and methods A total of 56 trees of Europen White Elm were found, marked and georeferenced on Great War Island, near Belgrade, Serbia (Fig. 1). The trees are spatially divided into three subpopulations: Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of subpopulations European White Elm (Ulmus effusa Willd.) at Great War Island Table 1. Coordinates and basic characteristics of 14 mother trees of European White Elm (Ulmus effusa Willd.) at Great War Island Mark of Coordinates Average Height Subpopulation tree on diameter Age E N (m) the field (cm) 13 7456215 4965040 23,1 48.7 26 I 14 7456215 4965038 7,7 15.65 13 32 7456352 4964955 20,2 38.3 23 18 7456050 4965266 16,7 39.5 27 19 7456054 4965270 18,4 36.5 16 21 7456046 4965285 9,5 31.5 16 II 33 7456138 4965226 13,7 29.35 20 34 7456170 4965254 21 31.3 20 35 7456150 4965257 20,9 30.4 20 36 7456136 4965262 13,9 37.8 23 30 7455319 4965639 13,5 23.5 15 III 31 7455137 4965585 12 23.5 17 The first subpopulation (I) consists of 24 trees development of floodplain forests of soft deciduous located in the inshore area, the recent alluvial trees. European White Elm (Ulmus effusa Willd.) is deposits with characteristics of β-gley, White seen here in the second floor of the trees, beside Willow forest type (Salicetum albae Issl.26) on the Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and White poplar β -gley. (Populus alba L) edificators (Š i j a č i ć - N i k o l i ć , The second subpopulation (II) consists of 22 Milovanović 2012). marked trees inhabiting the area with a very dense In the spring of 2011, during May, the seeds canopy and impervious. It extends in the internal were collected from all trees where yield was part of the island, close to the canal Galijaš. recorded (Tab. 1). The third subpopulation (III) consists of 10 Seeds were collected in May 2011 and after a trees individually dispersed throughout the forest short drying during the same month were sown in edge or in a field. The second and the third seed beds, seeding density 1200 seeds/m2. subpopulation belong to the forest of White and Seed beds were covered with a thin layer of Black poplar (Populetum albo-nigra Slav.52) the the substrate made up of sand and soil in the ratio of mosaic of alluvial soil, which is the final stage of 1:1 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). Irrigation was initially done 88 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2) December 2013: 87-92 Devetaković, J.,et al. Variability of morphometric caracteristic of… Basic statistical analysis of the data collected included the calculation of mean values, standard deviations (SD) and width variation. Clustering of the obtained mean values and the homogenity of groups were tested by Tukey HSD test. The origin of variability was examined by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). The interdependence of the morphological parameters was tested by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. Closeness (distance) of mother trees based on the above parameters was tested by cluster analysis. Fig. 2. Seed beds with seed partialy covered daily until seedlings appeared, and then less frequently (every 3-4 days) (Figure 4). Each of the half-sib lines samples was taken from 50 one-year plants with bare-roots, their height (H) and root collar diameter (D) were measured. Roller’s sturdiness coefficient, as the ratio of the height (cm) and diameter (mm), were calculated (R o l l e r 1977, I v e t i ć 2013). Fig. 4. Appearance of seedlings after germination Fig. 3. View on the seed beds sown and covered Fig. 5. The layout of rows of seedlings 89 BIOLOGICA NYSSANA 4 (1-2) December 2013: 87-92 Devetaković, J.,et al. Variability of morphometric caracteristic of… Table 2. Mean values of height (H), diameter (D) and Roller’s sturdiness coefficient (SQ) (standard deviation (SD in parentheses), the limits for H, D, SQ and HSD test of 14 tested maternal line (ML) N=700 H D SQ MEAN MEAN MEAN ML X -X X -X X -X VALUES (Sd) mиn max VALUES (Sd) mиn max VALUES (Sd) mиn max 13 20.55 (5.92)abc 12.3-40.2 3.25 (1.07)abc 1.47-7.05 6.52 (1.35)a 3.73-10.1 14 19.34 (5.64)ab 10.4-36.5 3.13 (1.17)abc 1.43-6.49 6.45 (1.29)a 3.98-9.5 18 23.34 (6.44)abc 12.2-41.2 3.46 (1.31)abc 1.67-6.57 7.18 (1.81)abc 3.81-10.6 19 23.83 (8.13)bc 9.3-46.8 3.42 (1.59)abc 1.30-7.69 7.52 (1.97)abc 4.24-15.8 21 18.87 (7.55)a 7.9-45.0 2.80 (1.35)a 0.88-7.33 7.12 (1.48)ab 4.40-10.4 29 21.93 (7.29)abc 11.0-43.4 3.52 (1.35)abc 1.55-6.97 6.51 (1.44)a 3.25-10.3 30 29.89 (9.33)d 13.4-55.7 3.91 (1.66)c 1.79-8.86 8.29 (2.80)c 2.84-21.8 31 21.67 (8.87)abc 8.9-47.1 2.91(1.35)ab 1.17-6.97 7.71 (1.53)bc 4.44-11.5 32 20.33 (5.88)abc 10.6-35.8 2.89 (0.96)ab 1.48-5.97 7.25 (1.50)abc 4.03-11.1 33 24.92 (7.94)c 7.0-43.7 3.73 (1.32)bc 1.31-7.84 6.87 (1.53)ab 4.52-10.9 34 24.73 (7.54)c 10.5-43.5 3.45 (1.34)abc 1.11-7.96 7.53 (1.64)abc 3.68-11.1 35 23.41 (6.27)abc 7.8-38.7 3.31 (1.04)abc 1.73-6.00 7.36 (1.98)abc 3.50-12.1 36 21.84 (5.94)abc 11.1-35.0 3.29 (0.98)abc 1.36-5.24 6.88 (1.45)ab 4.18-9.9 37 20.48 (7.56)abc 6.5-35.4 2.80 (1.35)a 0.97-6.96 7.86 (1.91)bc 3.46-11.6 ALL 22.5 (7.70) 6.5-55.7 3.28 (1.32) 0.88-8.86 7.22 (1.79) 2.84-21.8 LINES Results and discussion Table 3.
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