Conservation Plan for the Suddards-Manuel-Clark Funerary Monument, the Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, PA

University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons

Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation

2009

Conservation Plan for the Suddards-Manuel-Clark Funerary Monument, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, PA

Elise S. Kemery University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses

Kemery, Elise S., "Conservation Plan for the Suddards-Manuel-Clark Funerary Monument, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, PA" (2009). Theses (Historic Preservation). 127. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/127

A thesis in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION, 2009.

This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/127 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Conservation Plan for the Suddards-Manuel-Clark Funerary Monument, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, PA

Abstract The Suddards-Manuel-Clark is one of the oldest, largest and most significant structures of the Woodlands Cemetery, one of the country’s early rural garden cemeteries. This vault was constructed during the main period of development of the Cemetery and has remained greatly intact over its more than 150-year history. This research develops a conservation plan for the monument, focusing on a study of the design, weathering and performance issues of the sandstone structure. Although little is known about the families interred therein or about the construction of the monument, it is clear that there was considerable attention paid to the architectural style and design of the monument as well as to the selection of high quality building materials that have endured decades of a harsh environment. Despite its alternate function as a retaining wall to the bank of a hill, the tomb has withstood constant moisture and structural loads on three sides and numerous decay mechanisms at its façade. A conditions glossary specific ot this monument has been created and a conditions survey has been completed. The conditions of the monument were assessed in relation to the design and environment of the site and in relation to each other. Pilot cleaning was carried out and recommendations are made for appropriate future conservation treatments as part of a conservation and management plan for the site.

Comments A thesis in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION, 2009.

This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/127

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Figure 2.4 The Woodlands Cemetery (Source: Google Earth, 2009)

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B Figure 2.5 Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument; view from south (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

Figure 2.6 Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument; view from east (Source: E. Kemery, 2008)

17 Figure 2.7 Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument, Suddards (west) section (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

Figure 2.8 Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument, Manuel (central) section (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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-/##'&!'" #"& ' @.)!$(!" #"8$%BB / Figure 2.9 Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument, Clark (east) section (Source: E. Kemery, 2008)

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@ )!$(O (##'&!'" P - Figure 2.10 Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument, top of the monument view looking south east (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

22 Figure 2.11 Toolmarks visible on east wall open joint (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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-> Figure 2.12 Recessed mortar joint on displaced crenellation (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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@BO ("# &"#!#*'# "&" P'#$ (& 8$%-../V(""3EJJ555"(&) ($" # ,J!'43(3WXBY @- 9' -- Figure 2.13 Gothic Revival tomb of J. A. Brown at Laurel Hill Cemetery, designed by John Notman; drawing by John Notman in Guide to Laurel Hill Cemetery, near Philadelphia, 1844 (Source: University of Pennsylvania, Fine Arts Library Image Collection)

28 Figure 2.14 Pier of the Suddards-Manuel-Clark tomb with unique moulding feature (Source: E. Kemery, 2008)

29 Figure 2.15 Monument to Old Mortality and Sir Walter Scott at Laurel Hill Cemetery, designed by John Notman, drawing by John Notman in Guide to Laurel Hill Cemetery, near Philadelphia, 1844 (Source: University of Pennsylvania, Fine Arts Library Image Collection)

Figure 2.16 Tomb of Dr. Horace Evans at Laurel Hill Cemetery, designed by J. Struthers & Son (Source: University of Pennsylvania, Fine Arts Library Image Collection, date unknown) 30 5($( 5& ',!' 9 &#! 7 " )"( G#!&#$& "(&#"*:,)

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A. Figure 4.1 Sample area of ﬂaking (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

51 Figure 4.2 Sample area of blisters (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

52 Figure 4.3 Sandstone spall used for petrographic thin section, 50x, Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope, reﬂected light (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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AB Figure 4.5 Thin section in plane polarized light, 50x, Nikon Optiphot 2-Pol Microscope (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

Figure 4.6 Thin section in cross-polarized light, 50x, Nikon Optiphot 2-Pol Microscope (Source: E. Kemery, 2009) 57 Figure 4.7 Sandstone surface; thin section in plane polarized light, 100x, Nikon Optiphot 2-Pol Microscope (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

Figure 4.8 Sandstone surface; thin section in cross-polarized light, 100x, Nikon Optiphot 2-Pol Microscope (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

58 Figure 4.9 Thin section in cross-polarized light with dimensions of three quartz particles, 50x, Nikon Optiphot 2-Pol Microscope (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

Figure 4.10 Thin section in cross-polarized light with sensitive tint plate (540nm) engaged, 50x, Nikon Optiphot 2-Pol Microscope (Source: E. Kemery, 2009) 59 4&!&"#!#*"() *&$#*"(&3(#55( , &!#*+)& "6(&%9!#"

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63 Figure 4.12 RILEM tube testing in the lab on sandstone control sample (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Crack

DEFINITION An individual ﬁssure, generally 0.5 to 2 millimeters in width but clearly visible to the naked eye, resulting in partial (a) or full (b) separation of the masonry unit

(a) (b)

78 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Incipient spall

DEFINITION Planar or lens shaped detachments that have become partially separated from the stone unit

79 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Dimensional loss

DEFINITION Complete (a) or partial (b) absence of masonry units resulting in signiﬁcant incompleteness of form

(a) (b)

80 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Displacement

DEFINITION A signiﬁcant deviation from the plane of the masonry generally due to post-construction settlement

81 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Open joint

DEFINITION Absence of bedding mortar and/or widening of joint between masonry units after construction

82 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Biological growth, macro

DEFINITION Presence of higher plant forms, including their root remnants

83 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Biological growth, micro

DEFINITION Presence of microﬂora, such as (a) fungi, (b) algae or (c) lichens

(b)

(a) (c)

84 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Peeling

DEFINITION Thin, dark detachments of original stone surface of a roughly uniform in thickness that reveal a lighter, friable suface below; not related to bedding.

85 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Flaking

DEFINITION Areas of thin, irregular detachments from the surface of the stone that are roughly of uniform thickness; does not include original surface of the stone

86 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Blistering

DEFINITION Localized areas of separated, raised hemispherical elevations resulting from the detachment and deformation of the surface of the stone; does not include original surface of the stone; located in protected areas

87 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Granular disintegration

DEFINITION Detachment of single grains or aggregates of grains producing a sugar-like debris; does not include original surface

88 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Differential erosion

DEFINITION Localized areas of surface loss, resulting in (a) partial loss of detail or (b) planar contours

(a) (b)

89 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Efﬂorescence

DEFINITION White powdery or whisker-like salt crystals on the surface of the stone that may be soluble or insoluble

90 CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SUDDARDS-MANUEL-CLARK FUNERARY MONUMENT, The Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MASONRY CONDITIONS GLOSSARY

CONDITION SYMBOLOGY Previous repair

DEFINITION Subsequent alterations made for structural, aesthetic or functional reasons

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/B Figure 6.2 Interior of Suddards-Manuel-Clark vault showing brick sub-grade structure and white marble tablet (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

97 Figure 6.3 Interior of Suddards-Manuel-Clark vault showing black biological colonization (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

98 Figure 6.4 Interior of Suddards-Manuel-Clark vault showing stalactites and calcite buildup (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

99 Figure 6.5 Interior of Suddards-Manuel-Clark vault showing efﬂorescence (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

100 Figure 6.6 Top of the Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument, note slate paving stones in foreground and ventilation sources at center (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

101 Average Annual Climate for Philadelphia, PA (Source: Engineering Weather Data, 1996) Weather (Source: Engineering Annual Climate for Philadelphia, PA Average Figure 6.7 Figure

102 Figure 6.8 Interior of Suddards-Manuel-Clark vault under dry conditions (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

Figure 6.9 Interior of Suddards-Manuel-Clark vault under wet conditions (Source: E. Kemery, 2008)

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B 117 Figure 6.15 East corner of the Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument, gutter drain hole and evidence of a strap that held these two blocks together (Source: E. Kemery, 2008)

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128 Figure 6.21 Microbiological colonization beneath blisters (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

129 Figure 6.22 Microbiological colonization beneath peeling on crenellations (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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A- Figure 7.1 Pilot cleaning tests with PROSOCO, Inc. Sure Klean® Heavy Duty Restoration Cleaner; control (left), 1:3 cleaner to water solution (middle), 1:6 cleaner to water solution (right) (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

158 159 Figure 7.3 Section of the Suddards-Manuel-Clark monument to be cleaned, before cleaning with Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

160 Figure 7.4 Cove after ﬁrst cycle of Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution application (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

161 Figure 7.5 Section of opaque peeling/case-hardened crust during cleaning with Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution; D/2 Solution had no effect on case-hardened surfaces (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

162 Figure 7.6 Cove area after cleaning with Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

163 Figure 7.7 D/2 Solution did not remove soiling from case-hardened areas; note efﬂorescence post-cleaning (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

164 Figure 7.8 D/2 Solution removed biological growth in this area but did not remove other soiling (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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BB Figure 7.9 Colormatching of dry mortar formulations before creation of mortar samples; clockwise from bottom left: sand; original mortar sample in weighing boat; original mortar sample in weighing boat; stone sample with various dry lime, sand and pigment formulations for matching; mixing bowl with dry mortar formulation (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

167 Figure 7.10 Stone sample and original mortar sample from a narrow joint (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

168 Figure 7.11 Repair mortar formulation 1 NHL 3.5 + 3 Sand + 1.00 g Van Dyke Brown (Source: E. Kemery, 2009)

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C> APPENDIX A: WOODLANDS CEMETERY LOT CARDS

LOT E 171 SUDDARDS

185 APPENDIX A: WOODLANDS CEMETERY LOT CARDS

186 APPENDIX A: WOODLANDS CEMETERY LOT CARDS

LOT E 173 MANUEL

187 APPENDIX A: WOODLANDS CEMETERY LOT CARDS

188 APPENDIX A: WOODLANDS CEMETERY LOT CARDS

LOT E 175 CLARK

189 APPENDIX A: WOODLANDS CEMETERY LOT CARDS

190 APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURERS DATA SHEETS AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution

D/2 Biological Solution

Immediate Result Method 1. Apply D/2 Biological Solution with a brush, roller D/2 Biological Solution is a safe, easy to use liquid or pump sprayer to a dry surface. Do not pre-wet that removes a broad spectrum of biological the surface. 2. After waiting 2-5 minutes, scrub deposits from hard environmental surfaces. A surface with a non-metallic, short bristle scrub contact time of only 1 to 2 minutes will loosen brush. 3. Allow the undiluted D/2 to remain on the most fungal and algal deposits with manual surface 5-10 minutes longer. 4. Apply additional scrubbing and is typically sufficient for excellent D/2 to maintain a wet surface and continue results. scrubbing. 5. Rinse with clean water. Growth of bacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, and mosses contributes significantly to the degradation Heavy biological deposits should first be loosened of many types of construction materials, and can using a low pressure washer (300 to 600 psi), or be disfiguring. D/2 can be utilized to control this by mechanical scraping using wood or plastic problem on outdoor sculpture, monuments, tools. Follow removal with one or more decorative fountains, gravestones, and tombs. applications of D/2 as stated above. The surface Biological growth found on some individual will become cleaner over time as the subsurface building features (such as parapets and zones of biological growth dies and releases. ground contact) or materials (such as stucco) can also be treated with D/2, although it is not a Light biological deposits may be removed with a general purpose architectural cleaner. D/2 dilution of water from 1:1 to 1:4 parts water by volume. Perform tests to determine effectiveness Features and Benefits of various dilutions. Follow testing with application • Fast Acting: 1 to 2 minute contact time for of D/2 as stated above. great results. Safety Information • Keeps Surfaces Clean for a Minimum D/2 Biological Solution is non-mutagenic, and of 1 year contains no carcinogenic compounds as defined • Safe for Landscape Plantings and by NTP, IARC, or OSHA. It is considered Grass essentially non-toxic by swallowing, as it has an oral LD50 of greater than 5.0 g/kg of body weight. • No Detrimental Effects on Masonry No special ventilation is required during use. . • Non-Toxic and Biodegradable: No special precautions required for handling and Packaging and Coverage storage. D/2 Biological Solution is available in 32 ounce spray bottle, 1 gallon and 5 gallon containers, and Application Procedures 55 gallon drums. No Scrub/No Rinse Method The area that can be treated with one gallon of 1. Apply D/2 Biological Solution with a brush or D/2 will vary considerably as a function of the pump sprayer to a dry surface. Do not pre-wet the nature and extent of biological deposits, as well as surface. 2. Allow to dry. Repeat if there are heavy the physical characteristics of the surface. biological deposits. D/2 works with the elements Typical coverage to remove medium deposits and results occur within one week to one month will vary from 250 to 350 square feet per gallon. depending on severity of growth and weather conditions. The surface will become cleaner over time as the subsurface biological growth dies and releases.

Cathedral Stone® Products, Inc. 7266 Park Circle Drive, Hanover Maryland 21076 (800) 684-0901 FAX: (410) 782-9155 WEBSITE: www.cathedralstone.com

191 APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURERS DATA SHEETS AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution

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192 APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURERS DATA SHEETS AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution

Material Safety Data Sheet: D/2 BIOLOGICAL SOLUTION Version No. 24005 Date of Issue: March 2008 ANSI-Z400.1-2003 Format Section 1: PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product Name: D/2 Biological Solution Exclusively Distributed By: Manufactured By: Cathedral Stone® Products, Inc. Sunshine Makers, Inc. 7266 Park Circle Drive 15922 Pacific Coast Highway Hanover, MD 21076 Huntington Harbour, CA 92649 Telephone: 410-782-9150 Telephone: 800-228-0709 Fax: 410-782-9155 Fax: 562-592-3830

Emergency Phone: Chem-Tel 24-Hour Emergency Service: 800-225-3924

Use of Product D/2 Biological Solution is an easy-to-use liquid that aids in the removal of a broad spectrum of soils. It is designed for use on outdoor sculpture, monuments, decorative fountains, stone, brick, terra cotta, concrete, stucco, and other architectural surfaces. Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION D/2 Biological Solution is a colorless liquid with a very faint detergent-like odor. It is non-flammable, non- combustible, non-explosive, and non-reactive.

Hazard Rating (NFPA/HMIS) 0 Rating Scale Health = 1* Reactivity = 01 0 0 = Minimal 1 = Slight 2 = Moderate Fire = 0 Special = 0 3 = Serious 4 = Severe * Mild eye irritant, non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic 0

Eye Contact: Eye Irritant. Skin Contact: Prolonged skin contact with D/2 Biological Solution may irritate the skin. Repeated daily application to the skin without rinsing, or continuous contact of D/2 Biological Solution on the skin may lead to irritation. Ingestion: Essentially non-toxic. May cause stomach or intestinal upset if swallowed. Inhalation: No adverse effects expected under typical use conditions. Adequate ventilation should be present when using D/2 Biological Solution over a prolonged period of time. Open windows or ventilate via fan or other air-moving equipment if necessary. Mucous membranes may become irritated by concentrate mist. Carcinogens: No ingredients are listed by OSHA, IARC, or NTP as known or suspected carcinogens. Medical Conditions: No medical conditions are known to be aggravated by exposure to D/2 Biological Solution. Section 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Ingredients CAS Number OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Surfactants Proprietary None established Wetting Agents Proprietary None established Buffers Proprietary None established Section 4: FIRST AID MEASURES If in Eyes: Immediately rinse the eye with large quantities of cool water; if present, contact lenses should be removed after 5 minutes of rinsing; continue rinsing 10-15 minutes more. Both upper and lower lids should be lifted to facilitate thorough rinsing. If on Skin: Minimal effects, if any, from diluted product; rinse skin with water, rinse shoes and launder clothing before reuse. - Reversible reddening may occur in some dermal-sensitive users; thoroughly rinse area.

If Inhaled: Use in well-ventilated area, or use adequate protection from inhaling mist during spray applications. Prolonged exposure of workers to concentrate-mist during spray application may cause mild irritation of nasal passages or throat. If this happens, relocate workers to fresh air.

If Ingested: Give several glasses of milk or water to dilute; do not induce vomiting. If stomach upset occurs, consult physician. Material Safety Data Sheet: D/2 BIOLOGICAL SOLUTION Version No. 24005 Date of Issue: January 2007 ANSI-Z400.1-2003Pg Format1 of 2 Material Safety Data Sheet: D/2 BIOLOGICAL SOLUTION

193 APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURERS DATA SHEETS AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

Cathedral Stone ® Products D/2 Biological Solution

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194 APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURERS DATA SHEETS AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

PROSOCO, Inc. Sure Klean® Heavy Duty Restoration Cleaner

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196 APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURERS DATA SHEETS AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET PROSOCO, Inc.

I PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

MANUFACTURER’S NAME PROSOCO, Inc. EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS: AND ADDRESS: 3741 Greenway Circle 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM CST Monday-Friday: 785-865-4200 Lawrence, KS 66046 NON-BUSINESS HOURS (INFOTRAC): 800/535-5053

® PRODUCT TRADE NAME: Sure Klean Heavy Duty Restoration Cleaner

II HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS

ACGIH CHEMICAL NAME (COMMON NAME) CAS NO. NFPA CODE OHSA PEL/TWA TLV/TWA Glycolic Acid (Hydroxyacetic Acid) 79-14-1 3,0,0,- Not listed Not listed Hydrofluoric Acid (Hydrogen Fluoride) 7664-39-3 4,0,1,- 3 ppm 3ppm Nonionic Surfactant (Nonionic Surfactant) * 3,1,0,- Not listed Not listed Orthophosphoric Acid (Phosphoric Acid) 7664-38-2 3,0,1,- 1 mg/m3 1mg/m3 B-Hydroxy-Tricarboxylic Acid, (Citric Acid) 77-92-9 Unknown Not listed Not listed 2 Hydroxy

* Exact chemical identity withheld as Trade Secret pursuant to OSHA regulations. III PHYSICAL DATA

VAPOR BOILING POINT VAPOR DENSITY EVAPORATION RATE PRESSURE (°F) (Air = 1) (Butyl Acetate = 1) (mm Hg) Glycolic Acid 234 F 17.5 (68°F) 1.7 N/A Hydrofluoric Acid 224 F27(70 F) 2.21 @ 70 F N/A Nonionic surfactant 360 F <0.01(36°F) >1 <0.01 Orthophosphoric Acid 243 F 0.0285 ( 36°F) N/A N/A B-Hydroxy-Tricarboxylic Acid, 2 Hydroxy > 212 F N/A N/A < 1

SPECIFIC SOLIBILITY APPEARANCE AND GRAVITY IN WATER ODOR Clear liquid with irritating Heavy Duty Restoration Cleaner 1.132 Complete odor.

IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

® Sure Klean Heavy Duty Restoration Cleaner is a highly corrosive material that may cause damage to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Burns from this product may not be immediately painful or evident. Exposures to large skin areas may be fatal. Wear proper safety equipment to avoid exposure. Wash immediately after exposure. Exposures require fluoride specific treatment.

FLASH POINT (METHOD): Not applicable. FLAMMABLE LIMITS: No applicable information found. EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: No applicable information found.

Sure Klean® Heavy Duty Restoration Cleaner - Page 1 of 4

198 APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURERS DATA SHEETS AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

PROSOCO, Inc. Sure Klean® Heavy Duty Restoration Cleaner

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